1
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Zhang C, Wu BZ, Di Ciano-Oliveira C, Wu YF, Khavkine Binstock SS, Soria-Bretones I, Pham NA, Elia AJ, Chari R, Lam WL, Bray MR, Mak TW, Tsao MS, Cescon DW, Thu KL. Identification of KIFC1 as a putative vulnerability in lung cancers with centrosome amplification. Cancer Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41417-024-00824-1. [PMID: 39179685 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Centrosome amplification (CA), an abnormal increase in the number of centrosomes in the cell, is a recurrent phenomenon in lung and other malignancies. Although CA promotes tumor development and progression by inducing genomic instability (GIN), it also induces mitotic stress that jeopardizes cellular integrity. CA leads to the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles that can cause lethal chromosome segregation errors. To sustain the benefits of CA by mitigating its consequences, malignant cells are dependent on adaptive mechanisms that represent therapeutic vulnerabilities. We aimed to discover genetic dependencies associated with CA in lung cancer. Combining a CRISPR/Cas9 functional genomics screen with tumor genomic analyses, we identified the motor protein KIFC1, also known as HSET, as a putative vulnerability specifically in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) with CA. KIFC1 expression was positively correlated with CA in LUAD and associated with worse patient outcomes, smoking history, and indicators of GIN. KIFC1 loss-of-function sensitized LUAD cells with high basal KIFC1 expression to potentiation of CA, which was associated with a diminished ability to cluster extra centrosomes into pseudo-bipolar mitotic spindles. Our work suggests that KIFC1 inhibition represents a novel approach for potentiating GIN to lethal levels in LUAD with CA by forcing cells to divide with multipolar spindles, rationalizing further studies to investigate its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Benson Z Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Caterina Di Ciano-Oliveira
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yin Fang Wu
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon S Khavkine Binstock
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Nhu-An Pham
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrew J Elia
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Raj Chari
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Genome Modification Core, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, USA
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mark R Bray
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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2
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Giordano G, Cipolletta G, Mellone A, Puopolo G, Coppola L, De Santis E, Forte N, Napolitano F, Caruso FP, Parente P, Landriscina M, Cerulo L, Costa MC, Pancione M. Altered centriolar cohesion by CEP250 and appendages impact outcome of patients with pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2024:S1424-3903(24)00665-3. [PMID: 38942662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. PDACs are characterized by centrosome aberrations, but whether centrosome-related genes influence patient outcomes has not been tested. METHODS Publicly available RNA-sequencing data of patients diagnosed with PDAC were interrogated with unsupervised approaches to identify centrosome protein-encoding genes with prognostic relevance. Candidate genes were validated by immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence in a set of clinical PDAC and normal pancreatic tissues. RESULTS Results showed that two genes CEP250 and CEP170, involved in centrosome linker and centriolar subdistal appendages, were expressed at high levels in PDAC tissues and were correlated with prognosis of PDAC patients in independent databases. Large clustered γ-tubulin-labelled centrosomes were linked together by aberrant circular and planar-shaped CEP250 arrangements in CEP250-high expressing PDACs. Furthermore, PDACs displayed prominent centrosome separation and reduced CEP164-centrosomal labelling associated with acetylated-tubulin staining compared to normal pancreatic tissues. Interestingly, in a small validation cohort, CEP250-high expressing patients had shorter disease free- and overall-survival and almost none of those who received gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel first-line therapy achieved a clinical response. In contrast, weak CEP250 expression was associated with long-term survivors or responses to medical treatments. CONCLUSIONS Alteration of the centriolar cohesion and appendages has effect on the survival of patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Giordano
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | - Agostino Mellone
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Giovanni Puopolo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Coppola
- UOC Anatomia ed Istologia Patologica e Citologia Diagnostica, Dipartimento dei Servizi Diagnostici e della Farmaceutica, Ospedale Sandro Pertini, ASL Roma 2, 00157, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena De Santis
- Department of Anatomical Histological Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Nicola Forte
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, 82100, Benevento, Italy
| | | | - Francesca P Caruso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples - Federico II, Italy; Bioinformatics Laboratory, BIOGEM scrl, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Unit of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS, Hospital House for the Relief of Suffering, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cerulo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Bioinformatics Laboratory, BIOGEM scrl, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Costa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples - Federico II, Italy; Bioinformatics Laboratory, BIOGEM scrl, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Aquino-Acevedo AN, Orengo-Orengo JA, Cruz-Robles ME, Saavedra HI. Mitotic kinases are emerging therapeutic targets against metastatic breast cancer. Cell Div 2024; 19:21. [PMID: 38886738 PMCID: PMC11184769 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aims to outline mitotic kinase inhibitors' roles as potential therapeutic targets and assess their suitability as a stand-alone clinical therapy or in combination with standard treatments for advanced-stage solid tumors, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Breast cancer poses a significant global health risk, with TNBC standing out as the most aggressive subtype. Comprehending the role of mitosis is crucial for understanding how TNBC advances from a solid tumor to metastasis. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment used to treat TNBC. Some types of chemotherapeutic agents target cells in mitosis, thus highlighting the need to comprehend the molecular mechanisms governing mitosis in cancer. This understanding is essential for devising targeted therapies to disrupt these mitotic processes, prevent or treat metastasis, and improve patient outcomes. Mitotic kinases like Aurora kinase A, Aurora Kinase B, never in mitosis gene A-related kinase 2, Threonine-Tyrosine kinase, and Polo-kinase 1 significantly impact cell cycle progression by contributing to chromosome separation and centrosome homeostasis. When these kinases go awry, they can trigger chromosome instability, increase cell proliferation, and activate different molecular pathways that culminate in a transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cells. Ongoing clinical trials investigate various mitotic kinase inhibitors as potential biological treatments against advanced solid tumors. While clinical trials against mitotic kinases have shown some promise in the clinic, more investigation is necessary, since they induce severe adverse effects, particularly affecting the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Aquino-Acevedo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA
| | - Joel A Orengo-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA
| | - Melanie E Cruz-Robles
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University-Ponce Research Institute, 388 Luis Salas Zona Industrial Reparada 2, P.O. Box 7004, Ponce, Puerto Rico, 00716-2347, USA.
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4
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Zhang X, Joseph S, Wu D, Bowser JL, Vaziri C. The DNA Damage Response (DDR) landscape of endometrial cancer defines discrete disease subtypes and reveals therapeutic opportunities. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae015. [PMID: 38596432 PMCID: PMC11000323 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome maintenance is an enabling characteristic that allows neoplastic cells to tolerate the inherent stresses of tumorigenesis and evade therapy-induced genotoxicity. Neoplastic cells also deploy many mis-expressed germ cell proteins termed Cancer Testes Antigens (CTAs) to promote genome maintenance and survival. Here, we present the first comprehensive characterization of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and CTA transcriptional landscapes of endometrial cancer in relation to conventional histological and molecular subtypes. We show endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC), an aggressive endometrial cancer subtype, is defined by gene expression signatures comprising members of the Replication Fork Protection Complex (RFPC) and Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway and CTAs with mitotic functions. DDR and CTA-based profiling also defines a subset of highly aggressive endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC) with poor clinical outcomes that share similar profiles to ESC yet have distinct characteristics based on conventional histological and genomic features. Using an unbiased CRISPR-based genetic screen and a candidate gene approach, we confirm that DDR and CTA genes that constitute the ESC and related EEC gene signatures are required for proliferation and therapy-resistance of cultured endometrial cancer cells. Our study validates the use of DDR and CTA-based tumor classifiers and reveals new vulnerabilities of aggressive endometrial cancer where none currently exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC - 27599, USA
| | - Sayali Joseph
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC - 27599, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC - 27599, USA
| | - Jessica L Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC - 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC - 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC - 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC - 27599, USA
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5
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Farrokhi A, Atre T, Rever J, Fidanza M, Duey W, Salitra S, Myung J, Guo M, Jo S, Uzozie A, Baharvand F, Rolf N, Auer F, Hauer J, Grupp SA, Eydoux P, Lange PF, Seif AE, Maxwell CA, Reid GSD. The Eμ-Ret mouse is a novel model of hyperdiploid B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2024; 38:969-980. [PMID: 38519798 PMCID: PMC11073968 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The presence of supernumerary chromosomes is the only abnormality shared by all patients diagnosed with high-hyperdiploid B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HD-ALL). Despite being the most frequently diagnosed pediatric leukemia, the lack of clonal molecular lesions and complete absence of appropriate experimental models have impeded the elucidation of HD-ALL leukemogenesis. Here, we report that for 23 leukemia samples isolated from moribund Eμ-Ret mice, all were characterized by non-random chromosomal gains, involving combinations of trisomy 9, 12, 14, 15, and 17. With a median gain of three chromosomes, leukemia emerged after a prolonged latency from a preleukemic B cell precursor cell population displaying more diverse aneuploidy. Transition from preleukemia to overt disease in Eμ-Ret mice is associated with acquisition of heterogeneous genomic abnormalities affecting the expression of genes implicated in pediatric B-ALL. The development of abnormal centrosomes in parallel with aneuploidy renders both preleukemic and leukemic cells sensitive to inhibitors of centrosome clustering, enabling targeted in vivo depletion of leukemia-propagating cells. This study reveals the Eμ-Ret mouse to be a novel tool for investigating HD-ALL leukemogenesis, including supervision and selection of preleukemic aneuploid clones by the immune system and identification of vulnerabilities that could be targeted to prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farrokhi
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tanmaya Atre
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jenna Rever
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mario Fidanza
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wendy Duey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Samuel Salitra
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Junia Myung
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meiyun Guo
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sumin Jo
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anuli Uzozie
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Baharvand
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nina Rolf
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Franziska Auer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Center, Kinderklinik München Schwabing, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrice Eydoux
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Philipp F Lange
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alix E Seif
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gregor S D Reid
- Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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6
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Zhang X, Joseph S, Wu D, Bowser JL, Vaziri C. The DNA Damage Response (DDR) landscape of endometrial cancer defines discrete disease subtypes and reveals therapeutic opportunities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.20.567919. [PMID: 38045328 PMCID: PMC10690150 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Genome maintenance is an enabling characteristic that allows neoplastic cells to tolerate the inherent stresses of tumorigenesis and evade therapy-induced genotoxicity. Neoplastic cells also deploy mis-expressed germ cell proteins termed Cancer Testes Antigens (CTAs) to promote genome maintenance and survival. Here, we present the first comprehensive characterization of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) and CTA transcriptional landscapes of endometrial cancer in relation to conventional histological and molecular subtypes. We show endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC), an aggressive endometrial cancer subtype, is defined by gene expression signatures comprising members of the Replication Fork Protection Complex (RFPC) and Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway and CTAs with mitotic functions. DDR and CTA- based profiling also defines a subset of highly aggressive endometrioid endometrial carcinomas (EEC) with poor clinical outcomes that share similar profiles to ESC yet have distinct characteristics based on conventional histological and genomic features. Using an unbiased CRISPR-based genetic screen and a candidate gene approach, we confirm that DDR and CTA genes that constitute the ESC and related EEC gene signatures are required for proliferation and therapy-resistance of cultured endometrial cancer cells. Our study validates the use of DDR and CTA-based tumor classifiers and reveals new vulnerabilities of aggressive endometrial cancer where none currently exist.
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7
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Wang Y, Risteski P, Yang Y, Chen H, Droby G, Walens A, Jayaprakash D, Troester M, Herring L, Chernoff J, Tolić I, Bowser J, Vaziri C. The TRIM69-MST2 signaling axis regulates centrosome dynamics and chromosome segregation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:10568-10589. [PMID: 37739411 PMCID: PMC10602929 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Stringent control of centrosome duplication and separation is important for preventing chromosome instability. Structural and numerical alterations in centrosomes are hallmarks of neoplastic cells and contribute to tumorigenesis. We show that a Centrosome Amplification 20 (CA20) gene signature is associated with high expression of the Tripartite Motif (TRIM) family member E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRIM69. TRIM69-ablation in cancer cells leads to centrosome scattering and chromosome segregation defects. We identify Serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (MST2) as a new direct binding partner of TRIM69. TRIM69 redistributes MST2 to the perinuclear cytoskeleton, promotes its association with Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and stimulates MST2 phosphorylation at S15 (a known PLK1 phosphorylation site that is critical for centrosome disjunction). TRIM69 also promotes microtubule bundling and centrosome segregation that requires PRC1 and DYNEIN. Taken together, we identify TRIM69 as a new proximal regulator of distinct signaling pathways that regulate centrosome dynamics and promote bipolar mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Patrik Risteski
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Gaith Droby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Andrea Walens
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deepika Jayaprakash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adam’s School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melissa Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health and UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Laura Herring
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Proteomics Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Iva M Tolić
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jessica Bowser
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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8
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Sauer CM, Hall JA, Couturier DL, Bradley T, Piskorz AM, Griffiths J, Sawle A, Eldridge MD, Smith P, Hosking K, Reinius MAV, Morrill Gavarró L, Mes-Masson AM, Ennis D, Millan D, Hoyle A, McNeish IA, Jimenez-Linan M, Martins FC, Tischer J, Vias M, Brenton JD. Molecular landscape and functional characterization of centrosome amplification in ovarian cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6505. [PMID: 37845213 PMCID: PMC10579337 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is characterised by poor outcome and extreme chromosome instability (CIN). Therapies targeting centrosome amplification (CA), a key mediator of chromosome missegregation, may have significant clinical utility in HGSOC. However, the prevalence of CA in HGSOC, its relationship to genomic biomarkers of CIN and its potential impact on therapeutic response have not been defined. Using high-throughput multi-regional microscopy on 287 clinical HGSOC tissues and 73 cell lines models, here we show that CA through centriole overduplication is a highly recurrent and heterogeneous feature of HGSOC and strongly associated with CIN and genome subclonality. Cell-based studies showed that high-prevalence CA is phenocopied in ovarian cancer cell lines, and that high CA is associated with increased multi-treatment resistance; most notably to paclitaxel, the commonest treatment used in HGSOC. CA in HGSOC may therefore present a potential driver of tumour evolution and a powerful biomarker for response to standard-of-care treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin M Sauer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
| | - James A Hall
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Dominique-Laurent Couturier
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Thomas Bradley
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anna M Piskorz
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jacob Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Ashley Sawle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew D Eldridge
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Philip Smith
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Karen Hosking
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Marika A V Reinius
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lena Morrill Gavarró
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Darren Ennis
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David Millan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aoisha Hoyle
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Monklands. NHS Lanarkshire, Airdrie, UK
| | - Iain A McNeish
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Ovarian Cancer Action Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mercedes Jimenez-Linan
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Filipe Correia Martins
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Tischer
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Maria Vias
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Major Centre-Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
- Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Bloomfield M, Cimini D. The fate of extra centrosomes in newly formed tetraploid cells: should I stay, or should I go? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1210983. [PMID: 37576603 PMCID: PMC10413984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1210983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in centrosome number is commonly observed in cancer cells, but the role centrosome amplification plays along with how and when it occurs during cancer development is unclear. One mechanism for generating cancer cells with extra centrosomes is whole genome doubling (WGD), an event that occurs in over 30% of human cancers and is associated with poor survival. Newly formed tetraploid cells can acquire extra centrosomes during WGD, and a generally accepted model proposes that centrosome amplification in tetraploid cells promotes cancer progression by generating aneuploidy and chromosomal instability. Recent findings, however, indicate that newly formed tetraploid cells in vitro lose their extra centrosomes to prevent multipolar cell divisions. Rather than persistent centrosome amplification, this evidence raises the possibility that it may be advantageous for tetraploid cells to initially restore centrosome number homeostasis and for a fraction of the population to reacquire additional centrosomes in the later stages of cancer evolution. In this review, we explore the different evolutionary paths available to newly formed tetraploid cells, their effects on centrosome and chromosome number distribution in daughter cells, and their probabilities of long-term survival. We then discuss the mechanisms that may alter centrosome and chromosome numbers in tetraploid cells and their relevance to cancer progression following WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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10
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Wiecek AJ, Cutty SJ, Kornai D, Parreno-Centeno M, Gourmet LE, Tagliazucchi GM, Jacobson DH, Zhang P, Xiong L, Bond GL, Barr AR, Secrier M. Genomic hallmarks and therapeutic implications of G0 cell cycle arrest in cancer. Genome Biol 2023; 24:128. [PMID: 37221612 PMCID: PMC10204193 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02963-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy resistance in cancer is often driven by a subpopulation of cells that are temporarily arrested in a non-proliferative G0 state, which is difficult to capture and whose mutational drivers remain largely unknown. RESULTS We develop methodology to robustly identify this state from transcriptomic signals and characterise its prevalence and genomic constraints in solid primary tumours. We show that G0 arrest preferentially emerges in the context of more stable, less mutated genomes which maintain TP53 integrity and lack the hallmarks of DNA damage repair deficiency, while presenting increased APOBEC mutagenesis. We employ machine learning to uncover novel genomic dependencies of this process and validate the role of the centrosomal gene CEP89 as a modulator of proliferation and G0 arrest capacity. Lastly, we demonstrate that G0 arrest underlies unfavourable responses to various therapies exploiting cell cycle, kinase signalling and epigenetic mechanisms in single-cell data. CONCLUSIONS We propose a G0 arrest transcriptional signature that is linked with therapeutic resistance and can be used to further study and clinically track this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna J. Wiecek
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J. Cutty
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Kornai
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mario Parreno-Centeno
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lucie E. Gourmet
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel H. Jacobson
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ping Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lingyun Xiong
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gareth L. Bond
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexis R. Barr
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cell Cycle Control Team, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, UK
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
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11
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Song S, Jung S, Kwon M. Expanding roles of centrosome abnormalities in cancers. BMB Rep 2023; 56:216-224. [PMID: 36945828 PMCID: PMC10140484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Centrosome abnormalities are hallmarks of human cancers. Structural and numerical centrosome abnormalities correlate with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis, implicating that centrosome abnormalities could be a cause of tumorigenesis. Since Boveri made his pioneering recognition of the potential causal link between centrosome abnormalities and cancer more than a century ago, there has been significant progress in the field. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the causes and consequences of centrosome abnormalities and their connection to cancers. Centrosome abnormalities can drive the initiation and progression of cancers in multiple ways. For example, they can generate chromosome instability through abnormal mitosis, accelerating cancer genome evolution. Remarkably, it is becoming clear that the mechanisms by which centrosome abnormalities promote several steps of tumorigenesis are far beyond what Boveri had initially envisioned. We highlight various cancer-promoting mechanisms exerted by cells with centrosome abnormalities and how these cells possessing oncogenic potential can be monitored. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(4): 216-224].
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Song
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Surim Jung
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Mijung Kwon
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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12
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Fonseca I, Horta C, Ribeiro AS, Sousa B, Marteil G, Bettencourt-Dias M, Paredes J. Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) potentiates anoikis-resistance of p53KO mammary epithelial cells by inducing a hybrid EMT phenotype. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:133. [PMID: 36797240 PMCID: PMC9935921 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05618-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), the major regulator of centriole biogenesis, has emerged as a putative therapeutic target in cancer due to its abnormal expression in human carcinomas, leading to centrosome number deregulation, mitotic defects and chromosomal instability. Moreover, Plk4 deregulation promotes tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models and is significantly associated with poor patient prognosis. Here, we further investigate the role of Plk4 in carcinogenesis and show that its overexpression significantly potentiates resistance to cell death by anoikis of nontumorigenic p53 knock-out (p53KO) mammary epithelial cells. Importantly, this effect is independent of Plk4's role in centrosome biogenesis, suggesting that this kinase has additional cellular functions. Interestingly, the Plk4-induced anoikis resistance is associated with the induction of a stable hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype and is partially dependent on P-cadherin upregulation. Furthermore, we found that the conditioned media of Plk4-induced p53KO mammary epithelial cells also induces anoikis resistance of breast cancer cells in a paracrine way, being also partially dependent on soluble P-cadherin secretion. Our work shows, for the first time, that high expression levels of Plk4 induce anoikis resistance of both mammary epithelial cells with p53KO background, as well as of breast cancer cells exposed to their secretome, which is partially mediated through P-cadherin upregulation. These results reinforce the idea that Plk4, independently of its role in centrosome biogenesis, functions as an oncogene, by impacting the tumor microenvironment to promote malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Fonseca
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal.
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cíntia Horta
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal
| | - Barbara Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal
| | | | - Mónica Bettencourt-Dias
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC), Oeiras, 2780-156, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Joana Paredes
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, 4200-135, Portugal.
- Cancel Stem, Portuguese Consortium on Cancer Stem Cells, Porto, Portugal.
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13
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Malagoli Tagliazucchi G, Wiecek AJ, Withnell E, Secrier M. Genomic and microenvironmental heterogeneity shaping epithelial-to-mesenchymal trajectories in cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:789. [PMID: 36774358 PMCID: PMC9922305 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key cellular process underlying cancer progression, with multiple intermediate states whose molecular hallmarks remain poorly characterised. To fill this gap, we present a method to robustly evaluate EMT transformation in individual tumours based on transcriptomic signals. We apply this approach to explore EMT trajectories in 7180 tumours of epithelial origin and identify three macro-states with prognostic and therapeutic value, attributable to epithelial, hybrid E/M and mesenchymal phenotypes. We show that the hybrid state is relatively stable and linked with increased aneuploidy. We further employ spatial transcriptomics and single cell datasets to explore the spatial heterogeneity of EMT transformation and distinct interaction patterns with cytotoxic, NK cells and fibroblasts in the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, we provide a catalogue of genomic events underlying distinct evolutionary constraints on EMT transformation. This study sheds light on the aetiology of distinct stages along the EMT trajectory, and highlights broader genomic and environmental hallmarks shaping the mesenchymal transformation of primary tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna J Wiecek
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eloise Withnell
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maria Secrier
- UCL Genetics Institute, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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14
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Chicco D, Alameer A, Rahmati S, Jurman G. Towards a potential pan-cancer prognostic signature for gene expression based on probesets and ensemble machine learning. BioData Min 2022; 15:28. [PMID: 36329531 PMCID: PMC9632055 DOI: 10.1186/s13040-022-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and can be caused by environmental aspects (for example, exposure to asbestos), by human behavior (such as smoking), or by genetic factors. To understand which genes might be involved in patients’ survival, researchers have invented prognostic genetic signatures: lists of genes that can be used in scientific analyses to predict if a patient will survive or not. In this study, we joined together five different prognostic signatures, each of them related to a specific cancer type, to generate a unique pan-cancer prognostic signature, that contains 207 unique probesets related to 187 unique gene symbols, with one particular probeset present in two cancer type-specific signatures (203072_at related to the MYO1E gene). We applied our proposed pan-cancer signature with the Random Forests machine learning method to 57 microarray gene expression datasets of 12 different cancer types, and analyzed the results. We also compared the performance of our pan-cancer signature with the performances of two alternative prognostic signatures, and with the performances of each cancer type-specific signature on their corresponding cancer type-specific datasets. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of our prognostic pan-cancer signature. Moreover, we performed a pathway enrichment analysis, which indicated an association between the signature genes and a protein-protein interaction analysis, that highlighted PIK3R2 and FN1 as key genes having a fundamental relevance in our signature, suggesting an important role in pan-cancer prognosis for both of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Chicco
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, M5T 3M7 Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Abbas Alameer
- grid.411196.a0000 0001 1240 3921Department of Biological Sciences, Kuwait University, 13 KH Firdous Street, 13060 Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sara Rahmati
- grid.231844.80000 0004 0474 0428Krembil Research Institute, 135 Nassau Street, M5T 1M8 Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Giuseppe Jurman
- grid.11469.3b0000 0000 9780 0901Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Povo (Trento), Italy
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15
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Jinna N, Rida P, Smart M, LaBarge M, Jovanovic-Talisman T, Natarajan R, Seewaldt V. Adaptation to Hypoxia May Promote Therapeutic Resistance to Androgen Receptor Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168844. [PMID: 36012111 PMCID: PMC9408190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) surpasses other BC subtypes as the most challenging to treat due to its lack of traditional BC biomarkers. Nearly 30% of TNBC patients express the androgen receptor (AR), and the blockade of androgen production and AR signaling have been the cornerstones of therapies for AR-positive TNBC. However, the majority of women are resistant to AR-targeted therapy, which is a major impediment to improving outcomes for the AR-positive TNBC subpopulation. The hypoxia signaling cascade is frequently activated in the tumor microenvironment in response to low oxygen levels; activation of the hypoxia signaling cascade allows tumors to survive despite hypoxia-mediated interference with cellular metabolism. The activation of hypoxia signaling networks in TNBC promotes resistance to most anticancer drugs including AR inhibitors. The activation of hypoxia network signaling occurs more frequently in TNBC compared to other BC subtypes. Herein, we examine the (1) interplay between hypoxia signaling networks and AR and (2) whether hypoxia and hypoxic stress adaptive pathways promote the emergence of resistance to therapies that target AR. We also pose the well-supported question, “Can the efficacy of androgen-/AR-targeted treatments be enhanced by co-targeting hypoxia?” By critically examining the evidence and the complex entwinement of these two oncogenic pathways, we argue that the simultaneous targeting of androgen biosynthesis/AR signaling and hypoxia may enhance the sensitivity of AR-positive TNBCs to AR-targeted treatments, derail the emergence of therapy resistance, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Jinna
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | - Max Smart
- Rowland Hall, Salt Lake City, UT 84102, USA
| | - Mark LaBarge
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | | | - Rama Natarajan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Victoria Seewaldt
- Department of Population Science, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Sabat‐Pośpiech D, Fabian‐Kolpanowicz K, Kalirai H, Kipling N, Coupland SE, Coulson JM, Fielding AB. Aggressive uveal melanoma displays a high degree of centrosome amplification, opening the door to therapeutic intervention. J Pathol Clin Res 2022; 8:383-394. [PMID: 35474453 PMCID: PMC9161346 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer in adults. Whilst treatment of primary UM (PUM) is often successful, around 50% of patients develop metastatic disease with poor outcomes, linked to chromosome 3 loss (monosomy 3, M3). Advances in understanding UM cell biology may indicate new therapeutic options. We report that UM exhibits centrosome abnormalities, which in other cancers are associated with increased invasiveness and worse prognosis, but also represent a potential Achilles' heel for cancer-specific therapeutics. Analysis of 75 PUM patient samples revealed both higher centrosome numbers and an increase in centrosomes with enlarged pericentriolar matrix (PCM) compared to surrounding normal tissue, both indicative of centrosome amplification. The PCM phenotype was significantly associated with M3 (t-test, p < 0.01). Centrosomes naturally enlarge as cells approach mitosis; however, whilst UM with higher mitotic scores had enlarged PCM regardless of genetic status, the PCM phenotype remained significantly associated with M3 in UM with low mitotic scores (ANOVA, p = 0.021) suggesting that this is independent of proliferation. Phenotypic analysis of patient-derived cultures and established UM lines revealed comparable levels of centrosome amplification in PUM cells to archetypal triple-negative breast cancer cell lines, whilst metastatic UM (MUM) cell lines had even higher levels. Importantly, many UM cells also exhibit centrosome clustering, a common strategy employed by other cancer cells with centrosome amplification to survive cell division. As UM samples with M3 display centrosome abnormalities indicative of amplification, this phenotype may contribute to the development of MUM, suggesting that centrosome de-clustering drugs may provide a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sabat‐Pośpiech
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Kim Fabian‐Kolpanowicz
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Natalie Kipling
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Judy M Coulson
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Andrew B Fielding
- Molecular Physiology and Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems Molecular & Integrative BiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and MedicineLancaster UniversityLancasterUK
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17
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LZTS2, a Novel and Independent Prognostic Biomarker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Abstract
The centrosome is a multifunctional organelle that is known primarily for its microtubule organising function. Centrosomal defects caused by changes in centrosomal structure or number have been associated with human diseases ranging from congenital defects to cancer. We are only beginning to appreciate how the non-microtubule organising roles of the centrosome are related to these clinical conditions. In this review, we will discuss the historical evidence that led to the proposal that the centrosome participates in cell cycle regulation. We then summarize the body of work that describes the involvement of the mammalian centrosome in triggering cell cycle progression and checkpoint signalling. Then we will highlight work from the fission yeast model organism, revealing the molecular details that explain how the spindle pole body (SPB, the yeast functional equivalent of the centrosome), participates in these cell cycle transitions. Importantly, we will discuss some of the emerging questions from recent discoveries related to the role of the centrosome as a cell cycle regulator.
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19
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Roles of RACK1 in centrosome regulation and carcinogenesis. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110207. [PMID: 34843916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) regulates various cellular functions and signaling pathways by interacting with different proteins. Recently, we showed that RACK1 interacts with breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), which regulates centrosome duplication. RACK1 localizes to centrosomes and spindle poles and is involved in the proper centrosomal localization of BRCA1. The interaction between RACK1 and BRCA1 is critical for the regulation of centrosome number. In addition, RACK1 contributes to centriole duplication by regulating polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) activity in S phase. RACK1 binds directly to PLK1 and Aurora A, promoting the phosphorylation of PLK1 and activating the Aurora A/PLK1 signaling axis. Overexpression of RACK1 causes centrosome amplification, especially in mammary gland epithelial cells, inducing overactivation of PLK1 followed by premature centriole disengagement and centriole re-duplication. Other proteins, including hypoxia-inducible factor α, von Hippel-Lindau protein, heat-shock protein 90, β-catenin, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β, interact with RACK1 and play roles in centrosome regulation. In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of RACK1 in centrosome regulation mediated by its interaction with different proteins and the modulation of their functions.
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20
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Yoshino Y, Fang Z, Qi H, Kobayashi A, Chiba N. Dysregulation of the centrosome induced by BRCA1 deficiency contributes to tissue-specific carcinogenesis. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:1679-1687. [PMID: 33606355 PMCID: PMC8088922 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1), a tumor suppressor gene, increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancers. BRCA1 forms a heterodimer with BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD1) and functions in multiple cellular processes, including DNA repair and centrosome regulation. BRCA1 acts as a tumor suppressor by promoting homologous recombination (HR) repair, and alterations in BRCA1 cause HR deficiency, not only in breast and ovarian tissues but also in other tissues. The molecular mechanisms underlying BRCA1 alteration-induced carcinogenesis remain unclear. Centrosomes are the major microtubule-organizing centers and function in bipolar spindle formation. The regulation of centrosome number is critical for chromosome segregation in mitosis, which maintains genomic stability. BRCA1/BARD1 function in centrosome regulation together with Obg-like ATPase (OLA1) and receptor for activating protein C kinase 1 (RACK1). Cancer-derived variants of BRCA1, BARD1, OLA1, and RACK1 do not interact, and aberrant expression of these proteins results in abnormal centrosome duplication in mammary-derived cells, and rarely in other cell types. RACK1 is involved in centriole duplication in the S phase by promoting polo-like kinase 1 activation by Aurora A, which is critical for centrosome duplication. Centriole number is higher in cells derived from mammary tissues compared with in those derived from other tissues, suggesting that tissue-specific centrosome characterization may shed light on the tissue specificity of BRCA1-associated carcinogenesis. Here, we explored the role of the BRCA1-containing complex in centrosome regulation and the effect of its deficiency on tissue-specific carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshino
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Laboratory of Cancer BiologyGraduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Zhenzhou Fang
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Huicheng Qi
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Akihiro Kobayashi
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Natsuko Chiba
- Department of Cancer BiologyInstitute of Aging, Development, and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Laboratory of Cancer BiologyGraduate School of Life SciencesTohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
- Department of Cancer BiologyTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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21
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Centrosome dysfunction in human diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 110:113-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Rocha D, García IA, González Montoro A, Llera A, Prato L, Girotti MR, Soria G, Fernández EA. Pan-Cancer Molecular Patterns and Biological Implications Associated with a Tumor-Specific Molecular Signature. Cells 2020; 10:E45. [PMID: 33396205 PMCID: PMC7823585 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying tissue-independent components of cancer and defining pan-cancer subtypes could be addressed using tissue-specific molecular signatures if classification errors are controlled. Since PAM50 is a well-known, United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and commercially available breast cancer signature, we applied it with uncertainty assessment to classify tumor samples from over 33 cancer types, discarded unassigned samples, and studied the emerging tumor-agnostic molecular patterns. The percentage of unassigned samples ranged between 55.5% and 86.9% in non-breast tissues, and gene set analysis suggested that the remaining samples could be grouped into two classes (named C1 and C2) regardless of the tissue. The C2 class was more dedifferentiated, more proliferative, with higher centrosome amplification, and potentially more TP53 and RB1 mutations. We identified 28 gene sets and 95 genes mainly associated with cell-cycle progression, cell-cycle checkpoints, and DNA damage that were consistently exacerbated in the C2 class. In some cancer types, the C1/C2 classification was associated with survival and drug sensitivity, and modulated the prognostic meaning of the immune infiltrate. Our results suggest that PAM50 could be repurposed for a pan-cancer context when paired with uncertainty assessment, resulting in two classes with molecular, biological, and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darío Rocha
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (D.R.); (A.G.M.)
| | - Iris A. García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba X5016DHK, Argentina;
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina;
| | - Aldana González Montoro
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (D.R.); (A.G.M.)
- Facultad de Matemática, Astronomía y Física, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Andrea Llera
- Laboratorio de Terapia Molecular y Celular—Genocan, Fundación Instituto Leloir, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina;
| | - Laura Prato
- Instituto Académico Pedagógico de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de Villa María, Villa María, Córdoba X5900, Argentina;
| | - María R. Girotti
- Laboratorio de Inmuno Oncología Traslacional, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1428ADN, Argentina;
| | - Gastón Soria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina;
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina
| | - Elmer A. Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000HUA, Argentina; (D.R.); (A.G.M.)
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Católica de Córdoba, Córdoba X5016DHK, Argentina;
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Goundiam O, Basto R. Centrosomes in disease: how the same music can sound so different? Curr Opin Struct Biol 2020; 66:74-82. [PMID: 33186811 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Centrosomes are the major microtubule organizing center of animal cells. Centrosomes contribute to timely bipolar spindle assembly during mitosis and participate in the regulation of other processes such as polarity establishment and cell migration. Centrosome numbers are tightly controlled during the cell cycle to ensure that mitosis is initiated with only two centrosomes. Deviations in centrosome number or structure are known to impact cell or tissue homeostasis and can impact different processes as diverse as proliferation, death or disease. Interestingly, defects in centrosome number seem to culminate with common responses, which depend on p53 activation even in different contexts such as development or cancer. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene with essential roles in the maintenance of genetic stability normally stimulated by various cellular stresses. Here, we review current knowledge and discuss how defects in centrosome structure and number can lead to different human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oumou Goundiam
- Department of Translational Research, Institut Curie, PSL University, 26 rue d' Ulm, F-75248 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Renata Basto
- Biology of Centrosomes and Genetic Instability Lab, CNRS, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR144, 12 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France.
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Sala R, Farrell KC, Stearns T. Growth disadvantage associated with centrosome amplification drives population-level centriole number homeostasis. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2646-2656. [PMID: 32966175 PMCID: PMC7927180 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-04-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The centriole duplication cycle normally ensures that centriole number is maintained at two centrioles per G1 cell. However, some circumstances can result in an aberrant increase in centriole number—a phenotype that is particularly prevalent in several types of cancer. Following an artificial increase in centriole number without tetraploidization due to transient overexpression of the kinase PLK4, human cells return to a normal centriole number during the proliferation of the population. We examine the mechanisms responsible for this return to normal centriole number at the population level in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. We find that the return to normal centriole number in the population of induced cells cannot be explained by limited duplication of centrioles, instability of extra centrioles, or by grossly asymmetric segregation of extra centrioles in mitosis. However, cells with extra centrioles display heterogenous phenotypes including extended cell cycle arrest, longer interphase durations, and death, which overall results in a proliferative disadvantage relative to normal cells in the population. Although about half of cells with extra centrioles in a population were able to divide, the extent of the disadvantages conferred by other fates is sufficient to account for the observed rate of return to normal centriole number. These results suggest that only under conditions of positive selection for cells with extra centrioles, continuous generation of such centrioles, or alleviation of the disadvantageous growth phenotypes would they be maintained in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sala
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - K C Farrell
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Tim Stearns
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Centrosome reduction in newly-generated tetraploid cancer cells obtained by separase depletion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9152. [PMID: 32499568 PMCID: PMC7272426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65975-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraploidy, a common feature in cancer, results in the presence of extra centrosomes, which has been associated with chromosome instability (CIN) and aneuploidy. Deregulation in the number of centrosomes triggers tumorigenesis. However, how supernumerary centrosomes evolve during the emergence of tetraploid cells remains yet to be elucidated. Here, generating tetraploid isogenic clones in colorectal cancer and in non-transformed cells, we show that near-tetraploid clones exhibit a significant increase in the number of centrosomes. Moreover, we find that centrosome area in near-tetraploids is twice as large as in near-diploids. To evaluate whether centrosome clustering was occurring, we next analysed the number of centrioles revealing centriole amplification. Notwithstanding, more than half of the near-tetraploids maintained in culture do not present centrosome aberrations. To test whether cells progressively lost centrioles after becoming near-tetraploid, we transiently transfected diploid cells with siRNA against ESPL1/Separase, a protease responsible for triggering anaphase, to generate newly near-tetraploid cells. Finally, using this model, we assessed the number of centrioles at different time-points after tetraploidization finding that near-tetraploids rapidly lose centrosomes over time. Taken together, these data demonstrate that although most cells reduce supernumerary centrosomes after tetraploidization, a small fraction retains extra centrioles, potentially resulting in CIN.
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Remo A, Li X, Schiebel E, Pancione M. The Centrosome Linker and Its Role in Cancer and Genetic Disorders. Trends Mol Med 2020; 26:380-393. [PMID: 32277932 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Centrosome cohesion, the joining of the two centrosomes of a cell, is increasingly appreciated as a major regulator of cell functions such as Golgi organization and cilia positioning. One major element of centrosome cohesion is the centrosome linker that consists of a growing number of proteins. The timely disassembly of the centrosome linker enables centrosomes to separate and assemble a functional bipolar mitotic spindle that is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity. Exciting new findings link centrosome linker defects to cell transformation and genetic disorders. We review recent data on the molecular mechanisms of the assembly and disassembly of the centrosome linker, and discuss how defects in the proper execution of these processes cause DNA damage and genomic instability leading to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Remo
- Pathology Unit, Mater Salutis Hospital, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria (AULSS) 9 'Scaligera', Verona, Italy
| | - Xue Li
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elmar Schiebel
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)-ZMBH Allianz, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Mittal K, Aneja R. Spotlighting the hypoxia-centrosome amplification axis. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1508-1513. [PMID: 32039498 DOI: 10.1002/med.21663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The abysmal success rate of anticancer drugs in clinical trials, is in part, attributable to discordance between cultured cancer cells and patient tumors. While tumors in vivo, display a lower mitotic index, patient tumors portray much higher centrosomal aberrations, relative to in vitro cultured cells. The microenvironment too differs considerably between the in vitro and in vivo scenarios. Notably, another hallmark of cancer, hypoxia, is not recapitulated in cell lines cultured under normoxic conditions. These observations raise the possibility that hypoxia may be the missing link that explains the discordance between cell biological phenomena in vitro versus physiological conditions. Further, the interplay between hypoxia and centrosome amplification (CA) is relatively understudied. Recent research from our laboratory, geared toward examining the biological link between the two, has uncovered that hypoxia induces the expression of proteins (Plk4, Aurora A, Cyclin D) implicated in CA, in a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent context. Our studies evidence that hypoxia fuels CA that underlie intratumoral heterogeneity and metastatic potential of cancer cells. Given the advent of HIF-1α inhibitors, this research has ramifications in aiding patient risk stratification and designing new cancer drug therapies to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Mittal
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Delving into PARP inhibition from bench to bedside and back. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 206:107446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Basati G, Khaksarian M, Abbaszadeh S, Lashgarian HE, Marzban A. Cancer stem cells and nanotechnological approaches for eradication. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:38. [PMID: 31853454 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.10.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are currently known as the main cause of tumor recurrence. After chemotherapy is completed, CSCs proliferate and then differentiate to generate new tumor tissues. Similar to normal stem cells, this non-uniformly distributed cell population in the tumor tissue has self-renewal capacity and is responsible for survival of the tumor and difference in its genetic and metabolic characteristics. Followed by gene instability in CSCs, new phenotypic markers are aberrantly expressed in CSCs subpopulation. Hence, some of the surface markers and metabolic pathways that are upregulated in CSCs may be applied as specific targets for development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review article, the distinctive properties of CSCs including signal pathways implicated in self-renewal and surface markers were discussed. Moreover, targeting CSCs based on their specific properties using nanodrugs was reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholam Basati
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Khaksarian
- Razi Herbal Medicine Research Center & Department of Physiology, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Saber Abbaszadeh
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hamed Esmaeil Lashgarian
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdolrazagh Marzban
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Panoptic View of Prognostic Models for Personalized Breast Cancer Management. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091325. [PMID: 31500225 PMCID: PMC6770520 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The efforts to personalize treatment for patients with breast cancer have led to a focus on the deeper characterization of genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity among breast cancers. Traditional pathology utilizes microscopy to profile the morphologic features and organizational architecture of tumor tissue for predicting the course of disease, and is the first-line set of guiding tools for customizing treatment decision-making. Currently, clinicians use this information, combined with the disease stage, to predict patient prognosis to some extent. However, tumoral heterogeneity stubbornly persists among patient subgroups delineated by these clinicopathologic characteristics, as currently used methodologies in diagnostic pathology lack the capability to discern deeper genotypic and subtler phenotypic differences among individual patients. Recent advancements in molecular pathology, however, are poised to change this by joining forces with multiple-omics technologies (genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) that provide a wealth of data about the precise molecular complement of each patient's tumor. In addition, these technologies inform the drivers of disease aggressiveness, the determinants of therapeutic response, and new treatment targets in the individual patient. The tumor architecture information can be integrated with the knowledge of the detailed mutational, transcriptional, and proteomic phenotypes of cancer cells within individual tumors to derive a new level of biologic insight that enables powerful, data-driven patient stratification and customization of treatment for each patient, at each stage of the disease. This review summarizes the prognostic and predictive insights provided by commercially available gene expression-based tests and other multivariate or clinical -omics-based prognostic/predictive models currently under development, and proposes a more inclusive multiplatform approach to tackling the challenging heterogeneity of breast cancer to individualize its management. "The future is already here-it's just not very evenly distributed."-William Ford Gibson.
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Abstract
This industry update covers March of 2019 and describes the most representative examples of research mainly focused on cancer, diabetes, cholesterol-lowering drugs, Parkinson’s disease, ischemia and regeneration of heart muscle. A new method for designing encapsulation process and a new in vitro model of oral cavity were also described. In this update, there was a clear positive approval tendency for several companies. Those companies offered innovative therapeutic candidates or in some cases extension of indications. Some patents related to therapeutic fields like lung cancer, diabetes, scleroderma, multiple sclerosis and hypogonadism were also published during this month. Information was sourced from websites, pharma press releases, regulatory and patent agencies, and available scientific literature.
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