1
|
Bencivenga D, Stampone E, Vastante A, Barahmeh M, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. An Unanticipated Modulation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors: The Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081346. [PMID: 35456025 PMCID: PMC9028986 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now definitively established that a large part of the human genome is transcribed. However, only a scarce percentage of the transcriptome (about 1.2%) consists of RNAs that are translated into proteins, while the large majority of transcripts include a variety of RNA families with different dimensions and functions. Within this heterogeneous RNA world, a significant fraction consists of sequences with a length of more than 200 bases that form the so-called long non-coding RNA family. The functions of long non-coding RNAs range from the regulation of gene transcription to the changes in DNA topology and nucleosome modification and structural organization, to paraspeckle formation and cellular organelles maturation. This review is focused on the role of long non-coding RNAs as regulators of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors’ (CDKIs) levels and activities. Cyclin-dependent kinases are enzymes necessary for the tuned progression of the cell division cycle. The control of their activity takes place at various levels. Among these, interaction with CDKIs is a vital mechanism. Through CDKI modulation, long non-coding RNAs implement control over cellular physiology and are associated with numerous pathologies. However, although there are robust data in the literature, the role of long non-coding RNAs in the modulation of CDKIs appears to still be underestimated, as well as their importance in cell proliferation control.
Collapse
|
2
|
Alsheikh AJ, Wollenhaupt S, King EA, Reeb J, Ghosh S, Stolzenburg LR, Tamim S, Lazar J, Davis JW, Jacob HJ. The landscape of GWAS validation; systematic review identifying 309 validated non-coding variants across 130 human diseases. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:74. [PMID: 35365203 PMCID: PMC8973751 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The remarkable growth of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has created a critical need to experimentally validate the disease-associated variants, 90% of which involve non-coding variants. Methods To determine how the field is addressing this urgent need, we performed a comprehensive literature review identifying 36,676 articles. These were reduced to 1454 articles through a set of filters using natural language processing and ontology-based text-mining. This was followed by manual curation and cross-referencing against the GWAS catalog, yielding a final set of 286 articles. Results We identified 309 experimentally validated non-coding GWAS variants, regulating 252 genes across 130 human disease traits. These variants covered a variety of regulatory mechanisms. Interestingly, 70% (215/309) acted through cis-regulatory elements, with the remaining through promoters (22%, 70/309) or non-coding RNAs (8%, 24/309). Several validation approaches were utilized in these studies, including gene expression (n = 272), transcription factor binding (n = 175), reporter assays (n = 171), in vivo models (n = 104), genome editing (n = 96) and chromatin interaction (n = 33). Conclusions This review of the literature is the first to systematically evaluate the status and the landscape of experimentation being used to validate non-coding GWAS-identified variants. Our results clearly underscore the multifaceted approach needed for experimental validation, have practical implications on variant prioritization and considerations of target gene nomination. While the field has a long way to go to validate the thousands of GWAS associations, we show that progress is being made and provide exemplars of validation studies covering a wide variety of mechanisms, target genes, and disease areas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01216-w.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ammar J Alsheikh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA.
| | - Sabrina Wollenhaupt
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Emily A King
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jonas Reeb
- Information Research, AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, 67061, Knollstrasse, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Sujana Ghosh
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | | | - Saleh Tamim
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Jozef Lazar
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - J Wade Davis
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| | - Howard J Jacob
- Genomics Research Center, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
APOBEC mediated mutagenesis drives genomic heterogeneity in endometriosis. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:323-329. [PMID: 35017684 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-01003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic condition, acting as a precursor of certain histological subtypes of ovarian cancers. The epithelial cells of endometriotic tissues and normal uterine endometrium accumulated somatic mutations in cancer-associated genes such as phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) proto-oncogene. To determine the genomic characteristic of endometriotic epithelial cells and normal uterine endometrium and to identify the predominant mutational process acting on them, we studied the somatic mutation profiles obtained from whole exome sequencing of 14 endometriotic epithelium and 11 normal uterine endometrium tissues and classified them into mutational signatures. We observed that single base substitutions 2/13 (SBS), attributed to Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit (APOBEC) induced mutagenesis, were significant in endometriotic tissues, but not in the normal uterine endometrium. Additionally, the larger number and wider allele frequency distribution of APOBEC signature mutations, compared to cancer-associated driver mutations in endometriotic epithelium suggested APOBEC mutagenesis as an important source of mutational burden and heterogeneity in endometriosis. Further, the relative risk of enriched APOBEC signature mutations was higher in endometriosis patients who were carriers of APOBEC3A/3B germline deletion, a common polymorphism in East Asians which involves the complete loss of APOBEC3B coding region. Our results illustrate the significance of APOBEC induced mutagenesis in driving the genomic heterogeneity of endometriosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan H, Tian S, Kleinstern G, Wang Z, Lee JH, Boddicker NJ, Cerhan JR, Kay NE, Braggio E, Slager SL. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) risk is mediated by multiple enhancer variants within CLL risk loci. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2761-2774. [PMID: 32744316 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common adult leukemia in Western countries. It has a strong genetic basis, showing a ~ 8-fold increased risk of CLL in first-degree relatives. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 41 risk variants across 41 loci. However, for a majority of the loci, the functional variants and the mechanisms underlying their causal roles remain undefined. Here, we examined the genetic and epigenetic features associated with 12 index variants, along with any correlated (r2 ≥ 0.5) variants, at the CLL risk loci located outside of gene promoters. Based on publicly available ChIP-seq and chromatin accessibility data as well as our own ChIP-seq data from CLL patients, we identified six candidate functional variants at six loci and at least two candidate functional variants at each of the remaining six loci. The functional variants are predominantly located within enhancers or super-enhancers, including bi-directionally transcribed enhancers, which are often restricted to immune cell types. Furthermore, we found that, at 78% of the functional variants, the alternative alleles altered the transcription factor binding motifs or histone modifications, indicating the involvement of these variants in the change of local chromatin state. Finally, the enhancers carrying functional variants physically interacted with genes enriched in the type I interferon signaling pathway, apoptosis, or TP53 network that are known to play key roles in CLL. These results support the regulatory roles for inherited noncoding variants in the pathogenesis of CLL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huihuang Yan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shulan Tian
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Geffen Kleinstern
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jeong-Heon Lee
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
| | - Susan L Slager
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Subramaniam N, Nair R, Marsden PA. Epigenetic Regulation of the Vascular Endothelium by Angiogenic LncRNAs. Front Genet 2021; 12:668313. [PMID: 34512715 PMCID: PMC8427604 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.668313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional properties of the vascular endothelium are diverse and heterogeneous between vascular beds. This is especially evident when new blood vessels develop from a pre-existing closed cardiovascular system, a process termed angiogenesis. Endothelial cells are key drivers of angiogenesis as they undergo a highly choreographed cascade of events that has both exogenous (e.g., hypoxia and VEGF) and endogenous regulatory inputs. Not surprisingly, angiogenesis is critical in health and disease. Diverse therapeutics target proteins involved in coordinating angiogenesis with varying degrees of efficacy. It is of great interest that recent work on non-coding RNAs, especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), indicates that they are also important regulators of the gene expression paradigms that underpin this cellular cascade. The protean effects of lncRNAs are dependent, in part, on their subcellular localization. For instance, lncRNAs enriched in the nucleus can act as epigenetic modifiers of gene expression in the vascular endothelium. Of great interest to genetic disease, they are undergoing rapid evolution and show extensive inter- and intra-species heterogeneity. In this review, we describe endothelial-enriched lncRNAs that have robust effects in angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noeline Subramaniam
- Marsden Lab, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Marsden Lab, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ranju Nair
- Marsden Lab, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Marsden Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip A. Marsden
- Marsden Lab, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Marsden Lab, Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Marsden Lab, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Genomics of Endometriosis: From Genome Wide Association Studies to Exome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147297. [PMID: 34298916 PMCID: PMC8304276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims at better understanding the genetics of endometriosis. Endometriosis is a frequent feminine disease, affecting up to 10% of women, and characterized by pain and infertility. In the most accepted hypothesis, endometriosis is caused by the implantation of uterine tissue at ectopic abdominal places, originating from retrograde menses. Despite the obvious genetic complexity of the disease, analysis of sibs has allowed heritability estimation of endometriosis at ~50%. From 2010, large Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS), aimed at identifying the genes and loci underlying this genetic determinism. Some of these loci were confirmed in other populations and replication studies, some new loci were also found through meta-analyses using pooled samples. For two loci on chromosomes 1 (near CCD42) and chromosome 9 (near CDKN2A), functional explanations of the SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) effects have been more thoroughly studied. While a handful of chromosome regions and genes have clearly been identified and statistically demonstrated as at-risk for the disease, only a small part of the heritability is explained (missing heritability). Some attempts of exome sequencing started to identify additional genes from families or populations, but are still scarce. The solution may reside inside a combined effort: increasing the size of the GWAS designs, better categorize the clinical forms of the disease before analyzing genome-wide polymorphisms, and generalizing exome sequencing ventures. We try here to provide a vision of what we have and what we should obtain to completely elucidate the genetics of this complex disease.
Collapse
|
7
|
Che D, Fang Z, Mai H, Xu Y, Fu L, Zhou H, Zhang L, Pi L, Gu X. The lncRNA ANRIL Gene rs2151280 GG Genotype is Associated with Increased Susceptibility to Recurrent Miscarriage in a Southern Chinese Population. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:2865-2872. [PMID: 34234511 PMCID: PMC8256094 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic factors may play an important role in susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage. Some cardiovascular disease-related candidate genes have been shown to be associated with recurrent miscarriage. Long noncoding RNA ANRIL has been confirmed to be associated with susceptibility to various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether the ANRIL gene polymorphism is related to recurrent miscarriage susceptibility. Methods Three ANRIL gene polymorphisms (rs2151280, rs1063192 and rs564398) were genotyped in 819 controls and 610 recurrent miscarriage patients through TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. The odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of each association. Results Our results showed that the ANRIL rs2151280 GG genotype was associated with increased susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage (GG vs AA: adjusted OR=1.527, 95% CI=1.051–2.218, p=0.0262; GG vs AG/AA adjusted OR=1.460, 95% CI=1.021–2.089, p=0.0381). By combining the analysis of the risk genotypes in the three SNPs, we found that individuals with 2–3 risk genotypes had a significantly increased risk of recurrent miscarriage compared with those with a 0–1 risk genotype (adjusted OR=1.728, 95% CI=1.112–2.683, p=0.0149). This risk was more significant in subgroups of women less than 35–40 years of age and women with 2–3 miscarriages. Conclusion These results suggested that a specific SNP in the ANRIL gene may be associated with increased susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage in a southern Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Che
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanran Mai
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufen Xu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - LanYan Fu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huazhong Zhou
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Pi
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Clinical Biological Resource Bank, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Integrative analysis of liver-specific non-coding regulatory SNPs associated with the risk of coronary artery disease. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:411-430. [PMID: 33626337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic factors underlying coronary artery disease (CAD) have been widely studied using genome-wide association studies (GWASs). However, the functional understanding of the CAD loci has been limited by the fact that a majority of GWAS variants are located within non-coding regions with no functional role. High cholesterol and dysregulation of the liver metabolism such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease confer an increased risk of CAD. Here, we studied the function of non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms in CAD GWAS loci located within liver-specific enhancer elements by identifying their potential target genes using liver cis-eQTL analysis and promoter Capture Hi-C in HepG2 cells. Altogether, 734 target genes were identified of which 121 exhibited correlations to liver-related traits. To identify potentially causal regulatory SNPs, the allele-specific enhancer activity was analyzed by (1) sequence-based computational predictions, (2) quantification of allele-specific transcription factor binding, and (3) STARR-seq massively parallel reporter assay. Altogether, our analysis identified 1,277 unique SNPs that display allele-specific regulatory activity. Among these, susceptibility enhancers near important cholesterol homeostasis genes (APOB, APOC1, APOE, and LIPA) were identified, suggesting that altered gene regulatory activity could represent another way by which genetic variation regulates serum lipoprotein levels. Using CRISPR-based perturbation, we demonstrate how the deletion/activation of a single enhancer leads to changes in the expression of many target genes located in a shared chromatin interaction domain. Our integrative genomics approach represents a comprehensive effort in identifying putative causal regulatory regions and target genes that could predispose to clinical manifestation of CAD by affecting liver function.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bi Y, Chen Y, Xin D, Liu T, He L, Kang Y, Pan C, Shen W, Lan X, Liu M. Effect of indel variants within the sorting nexin 29 (SNX29) gene on growth traits of goats. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:914-919. [PMID: 33208046 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1846547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sorting nexin 29 gene (SNX29) is a well-known regulator of myocyte differentiation and proliferation. In this work, two indels (17-bp and 21-bp) were identified in the goat SNX29 gene, and their effects on the growth traits of 1,759 Shaanbei white cashmere (SBWC) goats were analyzed. Both indels had three genotypes [homozygote wild type (II), heterozygote (ID), and homozygote mutation (DD)] and displayed medium genetic diversity (0.25 < polymorphism information content (PIC) < 0.50) in the population. The 17-bp indel was significantly associated with chest width (p = 0.009), body weight (p = 0.021), and chest depth (p = 0.032), with the II genotype dominant. The 21-bp indel was significantly associated with chest width (p = 0.001), chest depth (p = 4.8E-5), heart girth (p = 0.007), and hip width (p = 0.002). Because the two indels were in the upstream (17-bp) and intron (21-bp) regions of the SNX29 gene, transcription factor binding sites were predicted. The IRF5 and MYC could bind with the 17-bp indel and 21-bp indel sequences, respectively. This study indicates that SNX29 is a promising candidate gene that can be used to improve meat production in goat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bi
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongyun Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Libang He
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuxin Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Montgomery GW, Mortlock S, Giudice LC. Should Genetics Now Be Considered the Pre-eminent Etiologic Factor in Endometriosis? J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2020; 27:280-286. [PMID: 31683028 PMCID: PMC7863762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common, estrogen-dependent, inflammatory disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue at extrauterine locations. Its pathogenesis and mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology are poorly understood, although genetic variation is strongly implicated in these processes. Genetic studies reveal that approximately 50% of risk for endometriosis is due to genetic factors and the other 50% likely owing to environmental factors. As with other complex diseases, genetic variants in the DNA sequence increasing endometriosis risk all have small effects, unlike most single-gene disorders. It is the combinations of these variants adding together that contribute to higher risks for individual women. In addition, recent data on disease lesions demonstrate a high frequency of somatic (likely acquired) mutations, some of which are present in the eutopic endometrium and specifically in the epithelial cell compartment, raising the possibility that abnormal epithelial progenitors in the eutopic endometrium give rise to ectopic disease. Discovery in this field is occurring at a rapid pace, and further definitions of genetic (germline) and environmental (somatic) contributions to the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this disorder are anticipated soon. These discoveries are expected to increase diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies to minimize disease and its associated morbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Drs. Montgomery and Mortlock).
| | - Sally Mortlock
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia (Drs. Montgomery and Mortlock)
| | - Linda C Giudice
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (Dr. Giudice)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen M, Yang W, Liu N, Zhang X, Dong W, Lan X, Pan C. Pig Hsd17b3: Alternative splice variants expression, insertion/deletion (indel) in promoter region and their associations with male reproductive traits. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 195:105483. [PMID: 31550505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid 17-Beta Dehydrogenase 3 (Hsd17b3), primarily expressed in Leydig cells (LCs) of the mammalian testes, is essential for testosterone biosynthesis and male fertility. The aim of our study was to profile the expression, splice variants (SV) and novel insertion/deletion (indel) of Hsd17b3 in boars. Quantitative analysis showed that the expression level of Hsd17b3 in the testis was significantly highest. Among different testicular cell types, the Hsd17b3 mRNA expression level of LCs was significantly higher than that of SSCs (spermatogonial stem cells) and SCs (Sertoli cells). Furthermore, the SV was firstly identified in pigs and it was highly expressed in LCs comparing with SSCs and SCs. In addition, two mutations were identified in pig Hsd17b3 gene promotor and intron, respectively, which were associated with male reproductive traits (P < 0.05). In conclusion, both transcripts of Hsd17b3 gene were highly expressed in pig testes and LCs; the two novel indel variants of Hsd17b3 gene can be used as potential DNA makers for the marker-assisted selection in pigs. All these findings would enrich the study of Hsd17b3 gene in pig genetic breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Suda K, Nakaoka H, Yoshihara K, Ishiguro T, Tamura R, Mori Y, Yamawaki K, Adachi S, Takahashi T, Kase H, Tanaka K, Yamamoto T, Motoyama T, Inoue I, Enomoto T. Clonal Expansion and Diversification of Cancer-Associated Mutations in Endometriosis and Normal Endometrium. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1777-1789. [PMID: 30110635 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by ectopic endometrial-like epithelium and stroma, of which molecular characteristics remain to be fully elucidated. We sequenced 107 ovarian endometriotic and 82 normal uterine endometrial epithelium samples isolated by laser microdissection. In both endometriotic and normal epithelium samples, numerous somatic mutations were identified within genes frequently mutated in endometriosis-associated ovarian cancers. KRAS is frequently mutated in endometriotic epithelium, with a higher mutant allele frequency (MAF) accompanied by arm-level allelic imbalances. Analyses of MAF, combined with multiregional sequencing, illuminated spatiotemporal evolution of the endometriosis and uterine endometrium genomes. We sequenced 109 single endometrial glands and found that each gland carried distinct cancer-associated mutations, demonstrating the heterogeneity of the genomic architecture of endometrial epithelium. Remarkable increases in MAF of mutations in cancer-associated genes in endometriotic epithelium suggest retrograde flow of endometrial cells already harboring cancer-associated mutations, with selective advantages at ectopic sites, leading to the development of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Suda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Ishiguro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaro Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamawaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Sosuke Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takahashi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagaoka Chuo General Hospital, Nagaoka 940-8653, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Niigata Medical Center Hospital, Niigata 950-2022, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- COI-s Biofluid Biomarker Center, Institute of Research Collaboration and Promotion, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Teiichi Motoyama
- Department of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Y, Chen A. Unveiling the gene regulatory landscape in diseases through the identification of DNase I-hypersensitive sites. Biomed Rep 2019; 11:87-97. [PMID: 31423302 PMCID: PMC6684942 DOI: 10.3892/br.2019.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNase I-hypersensitive sites (DHSs) serve key roles in the regulation of gene transcription as markers of cis-regulatory elements (CREs). Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have enabled the genome-wide location and annotation of DHSs in a variety of cells. Numerous studies have confirmed that DHSs are involved in several processes in cell fate decision and development. DHSs have also been indicated in cancer and inherited diseases as driver distal regulatory elements. Here, the definition of DHSs is reviewed, in addition to high-throughput methods of DHS identification. Furthermore, the function of DHSs in gene expression is probed. The roles of DHSs in disease occurrence are also reviewed and discussed. Concomitant advances in the identification of essential roles of DHSs will assist in disclosing the underlying molecular mechanisms, supplementing gene transcription and enlarging the molecular basis of DHS-related bioprocesses, phenotypes, distinct traits and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Ailing Chen
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen M, Wang J, Liu N, Cui W, Dong W, Xing B, Pan C. Pig SOX9: Expression profiles of Sertoli cell (SCs) and a functional 18 bp indel affecting testis weight. Theriogenology 2019; 138:94-101. [PMID: 31319268 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sex determining region Y-box 9 (SOX9), an important member of the SRY- type HMGbox (SOX) gene family, plays an important role in the regulation of mammalian reproduction, including sex differentiation during the embryonic development stage and spermatogenesis after birth. To explore the roles of polymorphism and expression of the SOX9 gene in the development of testes, we analyzed the indel of SOX9 in pigs and the corresponding expression level of the SOX9 gene in 7-day and 5-month-old porcine Sertoli cells. Results revealed that the DD haplotype of SOX9 gene as well as the ID genotype were significantly associated with larger testicular weight, while the II haplotype was closely related to the smaller testicular weight. More importantly, the SOX9 gene expression of ID genotyped group was significantly higher than that in II genotyped group. Our results first revealed that the indel polymorphism and expression of SOX9 were significantly associated with pig reproduction traits indicating the critical roles of SOX9 gene in testes development. The study provides a new clue for understanding the regulation of animal reproductive activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wenbo Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Baosong Xing
- Henan Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Breeding and Nutritional Regulation, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No.116 Huayuan road, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Detection of coding sequence, mRNA expression and three insertions/deletions (indels) of KDM6A gene in male pig. Theriogenology 2019; 133:10-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
16
|
Braicu C, Zimta AA, Gulei D, Olariu A, Berindan-Neagoe I. Comprehensive analysis of circular RNAs in pathological states: biogenesis, cellular regulation, and therapeutic relevance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1559-1577. [PMID: 30805658 PMCID: PMC11105679 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are members of the non-coding transcriptome; however, some of them are translated into proteins. These transcripts have important roles in both physiological and pathological mechanisms due to their ability to directly influence cellular signaling pathways. Specifically, circRNAs are regulators of transcription, translation, protein interaction, and signal transduction. An increased knowledge within their area is observed over the last few years, concomitant with the development of next-generation sequencing techniques. circRNAs are mostly tissue and disease specific with the ability of specifically changing the biological behavior of cells. The altered expression profile is currently investigated as novel minimally invasive diagnosis/prognosis tool and also therapeutic target in human disease. The diagnosis approach is based on their level modification within pathological states, especially cancer, where circRNAs' therapies are intensively explored in anti-aging strategies, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and malignant pathologies, and are relying on the restoration of homeostatic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Andreea-Alina Zimta
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Olariu
- Nordlogic Software, 10-12, Rene Descartes Street, 400486, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- MEDFUTURE-Research Center for Advanced Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta" The Oncology Institute, 34-36 Republicii Street, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vassilopoulou L, Matalliotakis M, Zervou MI, Matalliotaki C, Krithinakis K, Matalliotakis I, Spandidos DA, Goulielmos GN. Defining the genetic profile of endometriosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3267-3281. [PMID: 30988702 PMCID: PMC6447774 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a pathological condition which has been extensively studied, since its pathophysiology stems from a broad spectrum of environmental influences and genetic factors. Familial studies aim at defining inheritance trends, while linkage analysis studies focus on the identification of genetic sites related to endometriosis susceptibility. Genetic association studies take into account candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms, and hence target at unraveling the association between disease severity and genetic variation. The common goal of various types of studies is, through genetic mapping methods, the timely identification of therapeutic strategies for disease symptoms, including pelvic pain and infertility, as well as efficient counselling. While genome-wide association studies (GWAS) play a primary role in depicting genetic contributions to disease development, they entail a certain bias as regards the case-control nature of their design and the reproducibility of the results. Nevertheless, genetic-oriented studies and the implementation of the results through clinical tests, hold a considerable advantage in proper disease management. In this review article, we present information about gene-gene and gene-environment interactions involved in endometriosis and discuss the effectiveness of GWAS in identitying novel potential therapeutic targets in an attempt to develop novel therapeutic strategies for a better management and treatment of patients with endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loukia Vassilopoulou
- Laboratory of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Michail Matalliotakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Maria I Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Charoula Matalliotaki
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Krithinakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71500, Greece
| | - Ioannis Matalliotakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Venizeleio and Pananio General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion 71409, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang W, Yan H, Wang K, Cui Y, Zhou T, Xu H, Zhu H, Liu J, Lan X, Qu L, Pan C, Zhang E. Goat PDGFRB: unique mRNA expression profile in gonad and significant association between genetic variation and litter size. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:180805. [PMID: 30800344 PMCID: PMC6366220 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
β-Type platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFRB) is a typical tyrosine kinase, as a candidate gene associated with reproduction. Its main roles include regulation of gonocytes (migration and proliferation) and of the cell cycle. The objectives of this study were to identify mRNA expression of the goat PDGFRB gene, as well as insertion/deletion (indel) variants and their association with litter size in 1122 healthy Shaanbei white cashmere goats. The results revealed that PDGFRB was widely expressed in all tested tissues, and the expression levels in testes at different developmental stages indicated a potential association with the mitosis-to-meiosis transition. Furthermore, the expression of PDGFRB was relatively higher in the ovary tissue of mothers of two lambs compared with mothers of single lamb. These results implied that PDGFRB was related to goat fertility. Meanwhile, two intronic indels, 5 bp (n = 501) and 10 bp (n = 1122), were identified. Statistical analysis revealed that only the 10 bp indel was associated with first-born litter size (n = 1122, p = 6.030 × 10-5), and that individuals of the genotype insertion/deletion had larger litter sizes than those of genotype insertion/insertion. Overall, these results indicated that the 10 bp indel of PDGFRB could be used in marker-assisted selection during goat genetic breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwang Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Qu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
- Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| | - Enping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Holdt LM, Teupser D. Long Noncoding RNA ANRIL: Lnc-ing Genetic Variation at the Chromosome 9p21 Locus to Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:145. [PMID: 30460243 PMCID: PMC6232298 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since the first genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on coronary artery disease (CAD), the Chr9p21 risk locus has emerged as a top signal in GWAS of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including stroke and peripheral artery disease. The CAD risk SNPs on Chr9p21 lie within a stretch of 58 kilobases of non-protein-coding DNA, containing the gene body of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) antisense non coding RNA in the INK4 locus (ANRIL). How risk is affected by the Chr9p21 locus in molecular detail is a matter of ongoing research. Here we will review recent advances in the understanding that ANRIL serves as a key risk effector molecule of atherogenesis at the locus. One focus of this review is the shift in understanding that genetic variation at Chr9p21 not only affects the abundance of ANRIL, and in some cases expression of the adjacent CDKN2A/B tumor suppressors, but also impacts ANRIL splicing, such that 3′-5′-linked circular noncoding ANRIL RNA species are produced. We describe how the balance of linear and circular ANRIL RNA, determined by the Chr9p21 genotype, regulates molecular pathways and cellular functions involved in atherogenesis. We end with an outlook on how manipulating circular ANRIL abundance may be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yau MYC, Xu L, Huang CL, Wong CM. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Obesity-Induced Cancer. Noncoding RNA 2018; 4:E19. [PMID: 30154386 PMCID: PMC6162378 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna4030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many mechanisms of obesity-induced cancers have been proposed. However, it remains unclear whether or not long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play any role in obesity-induced cancers. In this article, we briefly discuss the generally accepted hypotheses explaining the mechanisms of obesity-induced cancers, summarize the latest evidence for the expression of a number of well-known cancer-associated lncRNAs in obese subjects, and propose the potential contribution of lncRNAs to obesity-induced cancers. We hope this review can serve as an inspiration to scientists to further explore the regulatory roles of lncRNAs in the development of obesity-induced cancers. Those findings will be fundamental in the development of effective therapeutics or interventions to combat this life-threatening adverse effect of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Yin-Chun Yau
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Ming Wong
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu J, Wang Q, Zhang R, Zhang C, Lin J, Huang X. Identification of LINC01279 as a cell cycle‑associated long non‑coding RNA in endometriosis with GBA analysis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3850-3858. [PMID: 30106115 PMCID: PMC6131629 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis affects 6‑10% of women of reproductive age. Though a significant amount of research has explored the pathogenesis of endometriosis, little is clear. Elucidating the mechanisms is urgently required for improving the therapeutic efficiency of endometriosis treatment. Long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently acquired extensive attention as regulatory components in a variety of biological processes and diseases. However, the functions of many lncRNAs in endometriosis are poorly understood. Therefore, the exploration of the dysregulated genes in endometriosis, particularly lncRNAs, is of importance. In the present study, datasets for endometriosis, including GSE7305, GSE7846, GSE29981 and E‑MTAB‑694, were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress. Then, the limma and Affy packages were used to analyze the CEL file. The RankProd method was used to conduct meta‑analysis. Long intergenic non‑protein coding RNA 1279 (LINC01279) was significantly upregulated in the three datasets, and was the most upregulated lncRNA as determined by the RankProd method. Gene set enrichment and Gene Ontology analyses were conducted, which revealed that LINC01279 is likely to function as a cell cycle mediator in endometriosis. Finally, it was identified that LINC01279 is strongly associated with certain previously identified key factors in the development of endometriosis, including cyclin‑dependent kinase 14 and C‑X‑C motif chemokine ligand 12. Thus, it was demonstrated that LINC01279 may be associated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis. This may potentially represent a target in the therapy of endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Reproduction Center of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- Reproduction Center of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Reproduction Center of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Chu Zhang
- Reproduction Center of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Jihui Lin
- Reproduction Center of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Huang
- Reproduction Center of Xuzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Genome-wide haplotype association study identifies risk genes for non-small cell lung cancer. J Theor Biol 2018; 456:84-90. [PMID: 30096405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Most lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which malignant cells form in the lung epithelium. Mutations in multiple genes and environmental factors both contribute to NSCLC, and although some NSCLC susceptibility genes have been characterized, the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. To identify genes conferring NSCLC risk and determine their associated pathological mechanism, we combined genome-wide haplotype associated analysis with gene prioritization using 224,677 SNPs in 37 NSCLC cell lines and 116 unrelated European individuals. Five candidate genes were identified: ESR1, TGFBR1, INSR, CDH3, and MAP3K5. All of these have previously been implicated in NSCLC, with the exception of CDH3, which can therefore be considered a novel indicator of NSCLC risk. Functional annotation confirmed the relationship between these five genes and NSCLC. Our findings are indicative of the underlying pathological mechanisms of NSCLC and provide information to support future directions in diagnosing and treating NSCLC.
Collapse
|
23
|
Kong Y, Hsieh CH, Alonso LC. ANRIL: A lncRNA at the CDKN2A/B Locus With Roles in Cancer and Metabolic Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:405. [PMID: 30087655 PMCID: PMC6066557 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDKN2A/B genomic locus is associated with risk of human cancers and metabolic disease. Although the locus contains several important protein-coding genes, studies suggest disease roles for a lesser-known antisense lncRNA encoded at this locus, called ANRIL. ANRIL is a complex gene containing at least 21 exons in simians, with many reported linear and circular isoforms. Like other genes, abundance of ANRIL is regulated by epigenetics, classic transcription regulation, splicing, and post-transcriptional influences such as RNA stability and microRNAs. Known molecular functions of ANRIL include in cis and in trans gene regulation through chromatin modification complexes, and influence over microRNA signaling networks. Polymorphisms at the ANRIL gene are linked to risk for many different cancers, as well as risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, bone mass, obesity and type 2 diabetes. A broad array of variable reported impacts of polymorphisms on ANRIL abundance, splicing and function suggests that ANRIL has cell-type and context-dependent regulation and actions. In cancer cells, ANRIL gain of function increases proliferation, metastasis, cell survival and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, whereas ANRIL loss of function decreases tumor size and growth, invasion and metastasis, and increases apoptosis and senescence. In metabolic disease, polymorphisms at the ANRIL gene are linked to risk of type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, coronary artery calcium score, myocardial infarction, and stroke. Intriguingly, with the exception of one polymorphism in exon 2 of ANRIL, the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes are non-overlapping. Evidence suggests that ANRIL gain of function increases atherosclerosis; in diabetes, a risk-SNP reduced the pancreatic beta cell proliferation index. Studies are limited by the uncertain relevance of rodent models to ANRIL studies, since most ANRIL exons do not exist in mouse. Diverse cell-type-dependent results suggest it is necessary to perform studies in the relevant primary human tissue for each disease. Much remains to be learned about the biology of ANRIL in human health and disease; this research area may lead to insight into disease mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura C. Alonso
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes Center of Excellence, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fung JN, Montgomery GW. Genetics of endometriosis: State of the art on genetic risk factors for endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 50:61-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
25
|
Wang K, Yan H, Xu H, Yang Q, Zhang S, Pan C, Chen H, Zhu H, Liu J, Qu L, Lan X. A novel indel within goat casein alpha S1 gene is significantly associated with litter size. Gene 2018; 671:161-169. [PMID: 29864495 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The ruminant casein gene family (CSNs, link as CSN1S1-CSN2-CSN1S2-CSN3) is characterized by diverse variations and has been extensively studied for ruminant milk traits, however, studies on insertion/deletion (indel) mutations within this gene family and their effects on prolificacy are extremely limited. This study aimed to detect possible novel indels within CSNs in an indigenous Chinese goat breed-Shaanbei White Cashmere goat (SBWC, n = 3047) and four other Chinese goat breeds (n = 1136) with varied litter size rates (105%-283%) and different estrus types (seasonal vs. perennial), as well as exploring the association between these potential indels and litter size. Only one novel 11-bp indel within the CSN1S1 gene was found. The association analyses uncovered that this novel indel was related to the first-birth litter size of SBWC population (n = 2690) (P < 1.0 E-8). Individuals with the II genotype (n = 676) had the best litter size when compared with those ID genotype (n = 1098) and DD genotype (n = 916) individuals. Animals with the II genotype were found to have higher relative expression level of CSN1S1 gene in the ovary (P < 0.01). Besides, Chi-square tests for different litter size and estrous cycle breeds showed that perennial-estrus breeds and multi-kids breeds had higher "I" allelic frequencies and "II" genotypic frequencies. These findings suggest the 11-bp indel within the CSN1S1 gene is significantly associated with reproduction traits and can be an effective molecular marker for litter size of goat breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, China; Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Han Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sihuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, China; Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Jinwang Liu
- Station of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry of Tong town of Jiaxian County, Jiaxian, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, China; Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cui Y, Yan H, Wang K, Xu H, Zhang X, Zhu H, Liu J, Qu L, Lan X, Pan C. Insertion/Deletion Within the KDM6A Gene Is Significantly Associated With Litter Size in Goat. Front Genet 2018; 9:91. [PMID: 29616081 PMCID: PMC5869274 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous whole-genome association analysis identified lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A), which encodes a type of histone demethylase, as a candidate gene associated to goat fecundity. KDM6A gene knockout mouse disrupts gametophyte development, suggesting that it has a critical role in reproduction. In this study, goat KDM6A mRNA expression profiles were determined, insertion/deletion (indel) variants in the gene identified, indel variants effect on KDM6A gene expression assessed, and their association with first-born litter size analyzed in 2326 healthy female Shaanbei white cashmere goats. KDM6A mRNA was expressed in all tissues tested (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, brain, skin and testis); the expression levels in testes at different developmental stages [1-week-old (wk), 2, 3 wk, 1-month-old (mo), 1.5 and 2 mo] indicated a potential association with the mitosis-to-meiosis transition, implying that KDM6A may have an essential role in goat fertility. Meanwhile, two novel intronic indels of 16 bp and 5 bp were identified. Statistical analysis revealed that only the 16 bp indel was associated with first-born litter size (P < 0.01), and the average first-born litter size of individuals with an insertion/insertion genotype higher than that of those with the deletion/deletion genotype (P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in genotype distributions of the 16 bp indel between mothers of single-lamb and multi-lamb litters in the studied goat population (P = 0.001). Consistently, the 16 bp indel also had a significant effect on KDM6A gene expression. Additionally, there was no significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) between these two indel loci, consistent with the association analysis results. Together, these findings suggest that the 16 bp indel in KDM6A may be useful for marker-assisted selection (MAS) of goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hailong Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Han Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Haijing Zhu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Jinwang Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Lei Qu
- Shaanxi Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Cashmere Goats, Yulin University, Yulin, China.,Life Science Research Center, Yulin University, Yulin, China
| | - Xianyong Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chuanying Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Thomas AA, Feng B, Chakrabarti S. ANRIL regulates production of extracellular matrix proteins and vasoactive factors in diabetic complications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 314:E191-E200. [PMID: 29118015 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00268.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread interest due to their prevailing presence in various diseases. lncRNA ANRIL (a. k. a. CDKN2B-AS1) is located on human chromosome 9 (p21.3) and transcribed in opposite direction to the INK4b-ARF-INK4a gene cluster. It has been identified as a highly susceptible region for diseases such as coronary artery diseases and type 2 diabetes. Here, we explored its regulatory role in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in association with epigenetic modifiers p300 and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex. We used an ANRIL-knockout (ANRILKO) mouse model for this study. The wild-type and ANRILKO animals with or without streptozotocin-induced diabetes were monitored for 2 min. At the end of the time point, urine and tissues were collected. The tissues were measured for fibronectin (FN), type IV collagen (Col1α4), and VEGF mRNA and protein expressions. Renal function was determined by the measurement of 24-h urine volume and albumin/creatinine ratio at euthanasia. Renal and cardiac structures were investigated using periodic acid-Schiff stain and/or immunohistochemical analysis. Elevated expressions of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were prevented in ANRILKO diabetic animals. Furthermore, ANRILKO had a protective effect on diabetic mouse kidneys, as evidenced by lowering of urine volume and urine albumin levels in comparison with the wild-type diabetic animals. These alterations regulated by ANRIL may be mediated by p300 and enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) of the PRC2 complex. Our study concludes that ANRIL regulates functional and structural alterations in the kidneys and hearts in diabetes through controlling the expressions of ECM proteins and VEGF.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diabetes Complications/genetics
- Diabetes Complications/metabolism
- Diabetes Complications/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/physiology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vasoconstrictor Agents/metabolism
- Vasodilator Agents/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Alice Thomas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Biao Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University , London, Ontario , Canada
| | - Subrata Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University , London, Ontario , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Holdt LM, Kohlmaier A, Teupser D. Molecular roles and function of circular RNAs in eukaryotic cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1071-1098. [PMID: 29116363 PMCID: PMC5814467 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein-coding and noncoding genes in eukaryotes are typically expressed as linear messenger RNAs, with exons arranged colinearly to their genomic order. Recent advances in sequencing and in mapping RNA reads to reference genomes have revealed that thousands of genes express also covalently closed circular RNAs. Many of these circRNAs are stable and contain exons, but are not translated into proteins. Here, we review the emerging understanding that both, circRNAs produced by co- and posttranscriptional head-to-tail "backsplicing" of a downstream splice donor to a more upstream splice acceptor, as well as circRNAs generated from intronic lariats during colinear splicing, may exhibit physiologically relevant regulatory functions in eukaryotes. We describe how circRNAs impact gene expression of their host gene locus by affecting transcriptional initiation and elongation or splicing, and how they partake in controlling the function of other molecules, for example by interacting with microRNAs and proteins. We conclude with an outlook how circRNA dysregulation affects disease, and how the stability of circRNAs might be exploited in biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesca M Holdt
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kohlmaier
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daniel Teupser
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Montag J, Syring M, Rose J, Weber AL, Ernstberger P, Mayer AK, Becker E, Keyser B, Dos Remedios C, Perrot A, van der Velden J, Francino A, Navarro-Lopez F, Ho CY, Brenner B, Kraft T. Intrinsic MYH7 expression regulation contributes to tissue level allelic imbalance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2017; 38:291-302. [PMID: 29101517 PMCID: PMC5742120 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-017-9486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HCM, the most common inherited cardiac disease, is mainly caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes. More than a third of the patients are heterozygous for mutations in the MYH7 gene encoding for the β-myosin heavy chain. In HCM-patients, expression of the mutant and the wildtype allele can be unequal, thus leading to fractions of mutant and wildtype mRNA and protein which deviate from 1:1. This so-called allelic imbalance was detected in whole tissue samples but also in individual cells. There is evidence that the severity of HCM not only depends on the functional effect of the mutation itself, but also on the fraction of mutant protein in the myocardial tissue. Allelic imbalance has been shown to occur in a broad range of genes. Therefore, we aimed to examine whether the MYH7-alleles are intrinsically expressed imbalanced or whether the allelic imbalance is solely associated with the disease. We compared the expression of MYH7-alleles in non-HCM donors and in HCM-patients with different MYH7-missense mutations. In the HCM-patients, we identified imbalanced as well as equal expression of both alleles. Also at the protein level, allelic imbalance was determined. Most interestingly, we also discovered allelic imbalance and balance in non-HCM donors. Our findings therefore strongly indicate that apart from mutation-specific mechanisms, also non-HCM associated allelic-mRNA expression regulation may account for the allelic imbalance of the MYH7 gene in HCM-patients. Since the relative amount of mutant mRNA and protein or the extent of allelic imbalance has been associated with the severity of HCM, individual analysis of the MYH7-allelic expression may provide valuable information for the prognosis of each patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Montag
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.
| | - Mandy Syring
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Julia Rose
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Weber
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Pia Ernstberger
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Mayer
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Edgar Becker
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Britta Keyser
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Perrot
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-University Clinic Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Francino
- Hospital Clinic/IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Bernhard Brenner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Theresia Kraft
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sha L, Huang L, Luo X, Bao J, Gao L, Pan Q, Guo M, Zheng F, Wang H. Long non-coding RNA LINC00261 inhibits cell growth and migration in endometriosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2017; 43:1563-1569. [PMID: 28707780 DOI: 10.1111/jog.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM A previous study reported that LINC00261 is significantly downregulated in human ectopic endometrial tissues. The present study aimed to explore whether LINC00261 is functional in endometriosis cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. METHODS By transfecting human endometriosis cell line CRL-7566 with plasmids containing LINC00261, we successfully established the cell CRL-7566/LINC00261 with a high LINC00261 expression level. Cell-counting kit-8 and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of LINC00261 on cell proliferation, and flow cytometry analysis and transwell migration assay were conducted to evaluate its effect on cell apoptosis and cell migration, respectively. RESULTS Cell-counting kit-8 and colony formation assays both indicated that LINC00261 could inhibit cell proliferation in CRL-7566. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that LINC00261 mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, which might be a consequence of inducting apoptosis. Furthermore, transwell migration assay indicated that LINC00261 could inhibit cell migration in endometriosis. CONCLUSION LncRNA LINC00261 is capable of inhibiting cell growth and migration in endometriosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiao Sha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xishao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaping Bao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qionghui Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanchu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sapkota Y, Steinthorsdottir V, Morris AP, Fassbender A, Rahmioglu N, De Vivo I, Buring JE, Zhang F, Edwards TL, Jones S, O D, Peterse D, Rexrode KM, Ridker PM, Schork AJ, MacGregor S, Martin NG, Becker CM, Adachi S, Yoshihara K, Enomoto T, Takahashi A, Kamatani Y, Matsuda K, Kubo M, Thorleifsson G, Geirsson RT, Thorsteinsdottir U, Wallace LM, Yang J, Velez Edwards DR, Nyegaard M, Low SK, Zondervan KT, Missmer SA, D'Hooghe T, Montgomery GW, Chasman DI, Stefansson K, Tung JY, Nyholt DR. Meta-analysis identifies five novel loci associated with endometriosis highlighting key genes involved in hormone metabolism. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15539. [PMID: 28537267 PMCID: PMC5458088 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a heritable hormone-dependent gynecological disorder, associated with severe pelvic pain and reduced fertility; however, its molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we perform a meta-analysis of 11 genome-wide association case-control data sets, totalling 17,045 endometriosis cases and 191,596 controls. In addition to replicating previously reported loci, we identify five novel loci significantly associated with endometriosis risk (P<5 × 10−8), implicating genes involved in sex steroid hormone pathways (FN1, CCDC170, ESR1, SYNE1 and FSHB). Conditional analysis identified five secondary association signals, including two at the ESR1 locus, resulting in 19 independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) robustly associated with endometriosis, which together explain up to 5.19% of variance in endometriosis. These results highlight novel variants in or near specific genes with important roles in sex steroid hormone signalling and function, and offer unique opportunities for more targeted functional research efforts. Endometriosis is a major cause of infertility. Molecular mechanisms underlying the disease involve genetic and environmental risk factors. In a meta-analysis of eleven GWA studies, Sapkota and colleagues identify five novel risk loci, implicating steroid sex hormone pathways in the pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA
| | | | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Amelie Fassbender
- KULeuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ systems, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nilufer Rahmioglu
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Futao Zhang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Sarah Jones
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Epidemiology, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Dorien O
- KULeuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ systems, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniëlle Peterse
- KULeuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ systems, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Andrew J Schork
- Cognitive Science Department, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Centre Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Christian M Becker
- Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Dept of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Sosuke Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Institute of Medical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | | | - Reynir T Geirsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Landspitali University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Leanne M Wallace
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark.,iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Krina T Zondervan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Endometriosis CaRe Centre, Nuffield Dept of Obstetrics &Gynaecology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Stacey A Missmer
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Thomas D'Hooghe
- KULeuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ systems, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Leuven University Fertility Centre, University Hospital Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Global Medical Affairs Fertility, Research and Development, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Joyce Y Tung
- 23andMe, Inc., 899 W. Evelyn Avenue, Mountain View, California 94041, USA
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Queensland 4059, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang R, Knapp M, Kause F, Reutter H, Ludwig M. Role of the LF-SINE-Derived Distal ISL1 Enhancer in Patients with Classic Bladder Exstrophy. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 6:169-173. [PMID: 28794909 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1602387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide association study and meta-analysis identified ISL1 as the first genome-wide significant susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy (CBE). A short interspersed repetitive element (SINE), first detected in lobe-finned fishes (LF-SINE), was shown to drive Isl1 expression in embryonic mouse genital eminence. Hence, we assumed this enhancer a conclusive target for mutations associated with CBE formation and analyzed a cohort of 200 CBE patients. Although we identified two enhancer variants in five CBE patients, their clinical significance seems unlikely, implying that sequence variants in the ISL1 LF-SINE enhancer are not frequently associated with CBE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Zhang
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Knapp
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Kause
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Advances in genetics and genomics are driving progress in understanding genetic risk factors for endometriosis. Genome-wide association scans (GWAS) in endometriosis have identified 11 genomic regions associated with increased risk of disease. Many of the regions contain interesting candidate genes, but the risk alleles may not always act through the obvious candidates. Functional evidence to identify the causal gene(s) will require multiple steps including better mapping precision, genetic studies on gene expression and epigenetic marks, chromatin looping and functional studies. Evidence from gene expression studies in endometrium and chromatin looping experiments implicate CDC42 on chromosome 1, CDKN2B-AS1 on chromosome 9 and VEZT on chromosome 12 as likely causal genes in these regions. Confirming the causal gene(s) in these and other regions will identify the important pathways increasing risk for endometriosis and identify novel targets for interventions to improve diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
|
34
|
Rapid and cost-effective high-throughput sequencing for identification of germline mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:561-567. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
35
|
Borghese B, Zondervan K, Abrao M, Chapron C, Vaiman D. Recent insights on the genetics and epigenetics of endometriosis. Clin Genet 2016; 91:254-264. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Borghese
- Cochin Institute, U1016 INSERM, CNRS 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Ouest; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre; Paris France
| | - K.T. Zondervan
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Endometriosis Care Centre; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - M.S. Abrao
- Endometriosis Division, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Sao Paulo University; Sao Paulo Brazil
- Reproductive Clinic; Sirio Libanes Hospital; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - C. Chapron
- Cochin Institute, U1016 INSERM, CNRS 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Ouest; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre; Paris France
| | - D. Vaiman
- Cochin Institute, U1016 INSERM, CNRS 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
- Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Faculté de Médecine, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Ouest; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Centre; Paris France
| |
Collapse
|