1
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Musale V, Murdoch CE, Banah AK, Hasib A, Hennayake CK, Dong B, Lang CC, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Limiting extracellular matrix expansion in diet-induced obese mice reduces cardiac insulin resistance and prevents myocardial remodelling. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101970. [PMID: 38908792 PMCID: PMC11334943 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity increases deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components of cardiac tissue. Since obesity aggregates with insulin resistance and heart disease, it is imperative to determine whether the increased ECM deposition contributes to this disease cluster. The hypotheses tested in this study were that in cardiac tissue of obese mice i) increased deposition of ECM components (collagens and hyaluronan) contributes to cardiac insulin resistance and that a reduction in these components improves cardiac insulin action and ii) reducing excess collagens and hyaluronan mitigates obesity-associated cardiac dysfunction. METHODS Genetic and pharmacological approaches that manipulated collagen and hyaluronan contents were employed in obese C57BL/6 mice fed a high fat (HF) diet. Cardiac insulin sensitivity was measured by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp and cardiac function was measured by pressure-volume loop analysis in vivo. RESULTS We demonstrated a tight association between increased ECM deposition with cardiac insulin resistance. Increased collagen deposition by genetic deletion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) exacerbated cardiac insulin resistance and pirfenidone, a clinically available anti-fibrotic medication which inhibits collagen expression, improved cardiac insulin resistance in obese mice. Furthermore, decreased hyaluronan deposition by treatment with PEGylated human recombinant hyaluronidase PH20 (PEGPH20) improved cardiac insulin resistance in obese mice. These relationships corresponded to functional changes in the heart. Both PEGPH20 and pirfenidone treatment in obese mice ameliorated HF diet-induced abnormal myocardial remodelling. CONCLUSION Our results provide important new insights into the role of ECM deposition in the pathogenesis of cardiac insulin resistance and associated dysfunction in obesity of distinct mouse models. These findings support the novel therapeutic potential of targeting early cardiac ECM abnormalities in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Colin E. Murdoch
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Ayman K. Banah
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Annie Hasib
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Chandani K. Hennayake
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Chim C. Lang
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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2
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Fink SP, Triggs-Raine B. Genetic Deficiencies of Hyaluronan Degradation. Cells 2024; 13:1203. [PMID: 39056785 PMCID: PMC11275217 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a large polysaccharide that is broadly distributed and highly abundant in the soft connective tissues and embryos of vertebrates. The constitutive turnover of HA is very high, estimated at 5 g per day in an average (70 kg) adult human, but HA turnover must also be tightly regulated in some processes. Six genes encoding homologues to bee venom hyaluronidase (HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3, HYAL4, HYAL6P/HYALP1, SPAM1/PH20), as well as genes encoding two unrelated G8-domain-containing proteins demonstrated to be involved in HA degradation (CEMIP/KIAA1199, CEMIP2/TMEM2), have been identified in humans. Of these, only deficiencies in HYAL1, HYAL2, HYAL3 and CEMIP have been identified as the cause or putative cause of human genetic disorders. The phenotypes of these disorders have been vital in determining the biological roles of these enzymes but there is much that is still not understood. Deficiencies in these HA-degrading proteins have been created in mice and/or other model organisms where phenotypes could be analyzed and probed to expand our understanding of HA degradation and function. This review will describe what has been found in human and animal models of hyaluronidase deficiency and discuss how this has advanced our understanding of HA's role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Fink
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
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3
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Huang H, Hu X, Wu J, Song C, Tian Z, Jiang B. Hyaluronan degradation by HYAL2 is essential for odontoblastic differentiation and migration of mouse dental papilla cells. Matrix Biol 2024; 129:1-14. [PMID: 38490466 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The coordination between odontoblastic differentiation and directed cell migration of mesenchymal progenitors is necessary for regular dentin formation. The synthesis and degradation of hyaluronan (HA) in the extracellular matrix create a permissive niche that directly regulates cell behaviors. However, the role and mechanisms of HA degradation in dentin formation remain unknown. In this work, we present that HA digestion promotes odontoblastic differentiation and cell migration of mouse dental papilla cells (mDPCs). Hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2) is responsible for promoting odontoblastic differentiation through degrading HA, while hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) exhibits negligible effect. Silencing Hyal2 generates an extracellular environment rich in HA, which attenuates F-actin and filopodium formation and in turn inhibits cell migration of mDPCs. In addition, activating PI3K/Akt signaling significantly rescues the effects of HA accumulation on cytodifferentiation. Taken together, the results confirm the contribution of HYAL2 to HA degradation in dentinogenesis and uncover the mechanism of the HYAL2-mediated HA degradation in regulating the odontoblastic differentiation and migration of mDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixin Tian
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beizhan Jiang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Pressé MT, Malgrange B, Delacroix L. The cochlear matrisome: Importance in hearing and deafness. Matrix Biol 2024; 125:40-58. [PMID: 38070832 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists in a complex meshwork of collagens, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans, which serves a scaffolding function and provides viscoelastic properties to the tissues. ECM acts as a biomechanical support, and actively participates in cell signaling to induce tissular changes in response to environmental forces and soluble cues. Given the remarkable complexity of the inner ear architecture, its exquisite structure-function relationship, and the importance of vibration-induced stimulation of its sensory cells, ECM is instrumental to hearing. Many factors of the matrisome are involved in cochlea development, function and maintenance, as evidenced by the variety of ECM proteins associated with hereditary deafness. This review describes the structural and functional ECM components in the auditory organ and how they are modulated over time and following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Pressé
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, 15 avenue Hippocrate - CHU - B36 (1st floor), Liège B-4000, Belgium.
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5
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Musale V, Murdoch CE, Banah AK, Hasib A, Hennayake CK, Dong B, Lang CC, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular Matrix Abnormalities Contribute to Cardiac Insulin Resistance and Associated Dysfunction in Diet-induced Obese Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567128. [PMID: 38014154 PMCID: PMC10680679 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Increased deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components such as collagens and hyaluronan contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated insulin resistance in muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. Despite the significance of the heart in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, maladaptive ECM remodelling in obesity-associated cardiac insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction has not been studied. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches in mice fed a high fat (HF) diet, we demonstrated a tight association between increased ECM deposition with cardiac insulin resistance. Increased collagen deposition by genetic deletion of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) exacerbated cardiac insulin resistance and decreased hyaluronan deposition by treatment with PEGylated human recombinant hyaluronidase PH20 (PEGPH20) improved cardiac insulin resistance in obese mice. These relationships corresponded to functional changes in the heart. PEGPH20 treatment in obese mice ameliorated HF diet-induced abnormal myocardial remodelling. In addition to hyaluronan, increased collagen deposition is a characteristic of the obese mouse heart. We further demonstrated that pirfenidone, a clinically available anti-fibrotic medication which inhibits collagen expression, improved cardiac insulin resistance and cardiac function in obese mice. Our results provide important new insights into the role of ECM remodelling in the pathogenesis of cardiac insulin resistance and associated dysfunction in obesity of distinct mouse models. These findings support the novel therapeutic potential of targeting early cardiac ECM abnormalities in the prevention and treatment of obesity-related cardiovascular complications.
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6
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Yu Y, Zhen Q, Chen W, Yu Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Fan W, Luo S, Wang D, Bai Y, Bian Z, He M, Sun L. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify five new risk loci for nonsyndromic orofacial clefts in the Chinese Han population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2023; 11:e2226. [PMID: 37326468 PMCID: PMC10568389 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsyndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFCs) are the most common craniofacial birth malformations in humans and are generally classified as nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NSCPO). Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of NSOFCs have demonstrated multiple risk loci and candidate genes; however, published risk factors are able to explain only a small fraction of the observed NSOFCs heritability. METHODS Here, we performed GWASs of 1615 NSCPO cases and 2340 controls, and then conducted genome-wide meta-analyses of NSOFCs, totaling 6812 NSCL/P cases, 2614 NSCPO cases, and 19,165 controls from the Chinese Han population. RESULTS We identify 47 risk loci with genome-wide pmeta -value <5.0 × 10-8 , 5 risk loci (1p32.1, 3p14.1, 3p14.3, 3p21.31, and 13q22.1) of which are new. All of the 47 susceptibility loci conjointly account for 44.12% of the NSOFCs' heritability in the Chinese Han population. CONCLUSION Our results improve the comprehending of genetic susceptibility to NSOFCs and provide new views into the genetic etiology of craniofacial anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafen Yu
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Qi Zhen
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yanqin Yu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Wencheng Fan
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Sihan Luo
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Daiyue Wang
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Yuanming Bai
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
| | - Zhuan Bian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Miao He
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of StomatologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Department of Dermatologythe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Institute of DermatologyAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of EducationAnhui Medical UniversityHefeiChina
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui ProvinceHefeiChina
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational MedicineHefeiChina
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7
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Musale V, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders. LIFE METABOLISM 2023; 2:load021. [PMID: 37383542 PMCID: PMC10299575 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling which can develop into serious pathology and fibrosis, having metabolic effects in insulin-sensitive tissues. The ECM components may be increased in response to overnutrition. This review will focus on specific obesity-associated molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of ECM remodelling and the impact of specific interactions on tissue metabolism. In obesity, complex network of signalling molecules such as cytokines and growth factors have been implicated in fibrosis. Increased ECM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance at least in part through activation of cell surface integrin receptors and CD44 signalling cascades. These cell surface receptors transmit signals to the cell adhesome which orchestrates an intracellular response that adapts to the extracellular environment. Matrix proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides interact through ligand-specific cell surface receptors that interact with the cytosolic adhesion proteins to elicit specific actions. Cell adhesion proteins may have catalytic activity or serve as scaffolds. The vast number of cell surface receptors and the complexity of the cell adhesome have made study of their roles challenging in health and disease. Further complicating the role of ECM-cell receptor interactions is the variation between cell types. This review will focus on recent insights gained from studies of two highly conserved, ubiquitously axes and how they contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. These are the collagen-integrin receptor-IPP (ILK-PINCH-Parvin) axis and the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction. We speculate that targeting ECM components or their receptor-mediated cell signalling may provide novel insights into the treatment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
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8
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Szabo TM, Heidenhoffer E, Kirchmaier Á, Pelok B, Frigy A. Cor Triatriatum Sinister Presenting as Cardioembolic Stroke in a Young Woman. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010097. [PMID: 36611389 PMCID: PMC9818967 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cor triatriatum sinister is a rare congenital heart disease characterized by an additional fibromuscular membrane in the left atrium. Cardioembolic stroke is a rare complication of cor triatriatum sinister, especially among women. We hereby describe the case of an 18-year-old female patient, without a past medical history, presenting with cardioembolic stroke in the territory of the right posterior cerebral artery. During extensive diagnostic work-up, nonrestrictive cor triatriatum sinister and patent foramen ovale were diagnosed using transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. In clinical practice, it is important to identify congenital cardiac defects as potential substrates for cardioembolism in young patients. In our case, cor triatriatum sinister presenting as ischemic stroke was diagnosed, which is an uncommon finding, especially in young females. Determining the optimal management strategy for patients with cor triatriatum sinister complicated by cardioembolic stroke requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Magdolna Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Erhard Heidenhoffer
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Ádám Kirchmaier
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Benedek Pelok
- Department of Neurology, Municipal Hospital Odorheiu Secuiesc, 535600 Odorheiu Secuiesc, Romania
| | - Attila Frigy
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Hospital Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 540103 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-745-653-448
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9
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Fasham J, Lin S, Ghosh P, Radio FC, Farrow EG, Thiffault I, Kussman J, Zhou D, Hemming R, Zahka K, Chioza BA, Rawlins LE, Wenger OK, Gunning AC, Pizzi S, Onesimo R, Zampino G, Barker E, Osawa N, Rodriguez MC, Neuhann TM, Zackai EH, Keena B, Capasso J, Levin AV, Bhoj E, Li D, Hakonarson H, Wentzensen IM, Jackson A, Chandler KE, Coban-Akdemir ZH, Posey JE, Banka S, Lupski JR, Sheppard SE, Tartaglia M, Triggs-Raine B, Crosby AH, Baple EL. Elucidating the clinical spectrum and molecular basis of HYAL2 deficiency. Genet Med 2022; 24:631-644. [PMID: 34906488 PMCID: PMC9933146 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We previously defined biallelic HYAL2 variants causing a novel disorder in 2 families, involving orofacial clefting, facial dysmorphism, congenital heart disease, and ocular abnormalities, with Hyal2 knockout mice displaying similar phenotypes. In this study, we better define the phenotype and pathologic disease mechanism. METHODS Clinical and genomic investigations were undertaken alongside molecular studies, including immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses of variant/wild-type human HYAL2 expressed in mouse fibroblasts, and in silico modeling of putative pathogenic variants. RESULTS Ten newly identified individuals with this condition were investigated, and they were associated with 9 novel pathogenic variants. Clinical studies defined genotype-phenotype correlations and confirmed a recognizable craniofacial phenotype in addition to myopia, cleft lip/palate, and congenital cardiac anomalies as the most consistent manifestations of the condition. In silico modeling of missense variants identified likely deleterious effects on protein folding. Consistent with this, functional studies indicated that these variants cause protein instability and a concomitant cell surface absence of HYAL2 protein. CONCLUSION These studies confirm an association between HYAL2 alterations and syndromic cleft lip/palate, provide experimental evidence for the pathogenicity of missense alleles, enable further insights into the pathomolecular basis of the disease, and delineate the core and variable clinical outcomes of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fasham
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Siying Lin
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Promita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily G Farrow
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | | | - Jennifer Kussman
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Dihong Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO
| | - Rick Hemming
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kenneth Zahka
- Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Barry A Chioza
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Lettie E Rawlins
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Olivia K Wenger
- New Leaf Center, Clinic for Special Children, Mount Eaton, OH
| | - Adam C Gunning
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Onesimo
- Center for Rare Disease and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (Gemelli University Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Center for Rare Disease and Congenital Defects, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (Gemelli University Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emily Barker
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Natasha Osawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Megan Christine Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Elaine H Zackai
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Beth Keena
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jenina Capasso
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Alex V Levin
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Dong Li
- Golisano Children's Hospital and Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Adam Jackson
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E Chandler
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jennifer E Posey
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Sarah E Sheppard
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital), IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Rax Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
| | - Emma L Baple
- Medical Research, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom; Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.
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10
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I-Ping C, Tung H. Pulmonary Vein: Embryology, Anatomy, Function and Disease. Vet Med Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Four pulmonary veins come from respective lung lobes drain oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium. Failure of incorporation with the left atrium can lead to a condition, called Cor triatriatum sinister, that the left atrium is separated into two chambers by an abortive fibrous tissue. The venous system of lung and whole body communicate with each other in the earlier time and they will be disconnected in the following developmental process. Total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection refers to that there is/are some degree of the communication exists after birth, which can occur in different sites. In the veterinary field, retrospective studies and several case reports have been published to describe these rare congenital cardiovascular diseases in several species. More cases are need for better understanding their clinical manifestation, treatment options and outcomes.
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11
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Cardiac Anomalies in Two White-Tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden. J Wildl Dis 2021; 57:413-417. [PMID: 33822162 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-20-00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Severe cardiomegaly with an atrial septal defect was discovered during necropsy of a subadult White-tailed Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) found dead in the wild. A thin membrane composed of fibromuscular tissue separated the left atrium into two chambers, most consistent with that described for cor triatriatum sinister (CTS) in other species. Seventeen months later, necropsy of an adult White-tailed Eagle again revealed CTS. This lesion has not been reported previously in raptors.
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12
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Kaul A, Short WD, Wang X, Keswani SG. Hyaluronidases in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063204. [PMID: 33809827 PMCID: PMC8004219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
With the burgeoning interest in hyaluronic acid (HA) in recent years, hyaluronidases (HYALs) have come to light for their role in regulating catabolism of HA and its molecular weight (MW) distribution in various tissues. Of the six hyaluronidase-like gene sequences in the human genome, HYALs 1 and 2 are of particular significance because they are the primary hyaluronidases active in human somatic tissue. Perhaps more importantly, for the sake of this review, they cleave anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic high-molecular-weight HA into pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic oligosaccharides. With this, HYALs regulate HA degradation and thus the development and progression of various diseases. Given the dearth of literature focusing specifically on HYALs in the past decade, this review seeks to expound their role in human diseases of the skin, heart, kidneys, and more. The review will delve into the molecular mechanisms and pathways of HYALs and discuss current and potential future therapeutic benefits of HYALs as a clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Kaul
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.K.); (W.D.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Walker D. Short
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.K.); (W.D.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.K.); (W.D.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.G.K.); Tel.: +832-824-0469 (X.W.); +832-822-3135 (S.G.K.); Fax: +832-825-3141 (X.W.); +832-825-3141 (S.G.K.)
| | - Sundeep G. Keswani
- Laboratory for Regenerative Tissue Repair, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.K.); (W.D.S.)
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (S.G.K.); Tel.: +832-824-0469 (X.W.); +832-822-3135 (S.G.K.); Fax: +832-825-3141 (X.W.); +832-825-3141 (S.G.K.)
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13
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Abstract
The developing heart is formed of two tissue layers separated by an extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides chemical and physical signals to cardiac cells. While deposition of specific ECM components creates matrix diversity, the cardiac ECM is also dynamic, with modification and degradation playing important roles in ECM maturation and function. In this Review, we discuss the spatiotemporal changes in ECM composition during cardiac development that support distinct aspects of heart morphogenesis. We highlight conserved requirements for specific ECM components in human cardiac development, and discuss emerging evidence of a central role for the ECM in promoting heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily S Noël
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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14
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Midgley AC, Woods EL, Jenkins RH, Brown C, Khalid U, Chavez R, Hascall V, Steadman R, Phillips AO, Meran S. Hyaluronidase-2 Regulates RhoA Signaling, Myofibroblast Contractility, and Other Key Profibrotic Myofibroblast Functions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 190:1236-1255. [PMID: 32201263 PMCID: PMC7254050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronidase (HYAL)-2 is a weak, acid-active, hyaluronan-degrading enzyme broadly expressed in somatic tissues. Aberrant HYAL2 expression is implicated in diverse pathology. However, a significant proportion of HYAL2 is enzymatically inactive; thus the mechanisms through which HYAL2 dysregulation influences pathobiology are unclear. Recently, nonenzymatic HYAL2 functions have been described, and nuclear HYAL2 has been shown to influence mRNA splicing to prevent myofibroblast differentiation. Myofibroblasts drive fibrosis, thereby promoting progressive tissue damage and leading to multimorbidity. This study identifies a novel HYAL2 cytoplasmic function in myofibroblasts that is unrelated to its enzymatic activity. In fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, HYAL2 interacts with the GTPase-signaling small molecule ras homolog family member A (RhoA). Transforming growth factor beta 1–driven fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation promotes HYAL2 cytoplasmic relocalization to bind to the actin cytoskeleton. Cytoskeletal-bound HYAL2 functions as a key regulator of downstream RhoA signaling and influences profibrotic myofibroblast functions, including myosin light-chain kinase–mediated myofibroblast contractility, myofibroblast migration, myofibroblast collagen/fibronectin deposition, as well as connective tissue growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression. These data demonstrate that, in certain biological contexts, the nonenzymatic effects of HYAL2 are crucial in orchestrating RhoA signaling and downstream pathways that are important for full profibrotic myofibroblast functionality. In conjunction with previous data demonstrating the influence of HYAL2 on RNA splicing, these findings begin to explain the broad biological effects of HYAL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C Midgley
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L Woods
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert H Jenkins
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Brown
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Usman Khalid
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Chavez
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert Steadman
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aled O Phillips
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Soma Meran
- Wales Kidney Research Unit, Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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15
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Al Kindi HN, Shehata M, Ibrahim AM, Roshdy M, Simry W, Aguib Y, Yacoub MH. Cor Triatriatum Sinister (Divided Left Atrium): Histopathologic Features and Clinical Management. Ann Thorac Surg 2020; 110:1380-1386. [PMID: 32114046 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cor triatriatum sinister (CTS), or divided left atrium, is a rare congenital cardiac disease in which the left atrium is divided into 2 chambers by a fibromuscular diaphragm that will cause blood flow obstruction to the left ventricle. Recent animal studies suggested the role of hyaluronidase-2 (HYAL-2) deficiency as a risk factor for developing CTS. The histopathologic features of this diaphragm and our surgical experience with the management of this disease are reviewed. METHODS Ten patients underwent surgical correction of CTS between 2010 and 2018. All patients had complete clinical and imaging evaluation. The fibromuscular diaphragms were histologically evaluated with myosin, troponin, vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and HYAL-2 to characterize the structure of the CTS diaphragm. RESULTS All patients underwent excision of CTS diaphragm using cardiopulmonary bypass with no early mortality. Most patients had the classic form of CTS in which the diaphragm separates the pulmonary and the vestibular chambers with no atrial septal defect. The histologic studies demonstrated the presence of fibrous, mesenchymal cells, along with cardiac muscle cells, at the site of membrane attachments. HYAL-2 enzyme was expressed in the CTS diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS Surgical repair of CTS provides satisfactory results with low risk of death. Our histologic studies revealed the cellular composition of the CTS diaphragm. HYAL-2 deficiency may not explain the pathogenesis of CTS, and further studies are needed to evaluate the complex mechanisms involved in the development of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamood N Al Kindi
- Aswan Heart Center, Aswan Governate, Egypt; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | | | - Ayman M Ibrahim
- Aswan Heart Center, Aswan Governate, Egypt; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Aswan Heart Center, Aswan Governate, Egypt; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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16
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Kroneman JGH, Faber JW, Schouten JCM, Wolschrijn CF, Christoffels VM, Jensen B. Comparative analysis of avian hearts provides little evidence for variation among species with acquired endothermy. J Morphol 2019; 280:395-410. [PMID: 30667083 PMCID: PMC6590421 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammals and birds acquired high performance hearts and endothermy during their independent evolution from amniotes with many sauropsid features. A literature review shows that the variation in atrial morphology is greater in mammals than in ectothermic sauropsids. We therefore hypothesized that the transition from ectothermy to endothermy was associated with greater variation in cardiac structure. We tested the hypothesis in 14 orders of birds by assessing the variation in 15 cardiac structures by macroscopic inspection and histology, with an emphasis on the atria as they have multiple features that lend themselves to quantification. We found bird hearts to have multiple features in common with ectothermic sauropsids (synapomorphies), such as the presence of three sinus horns. Convergent features were shared with crocodylians and mammals, such as the cranial offset of the left atrioventricular junction. Other convergent features, like the compact organization of the atrial walls, were shared with mammals only. Pacemaker myocardium, identified by Isl1 expression, was anatomically node‐like (Mallard), thickened (Chicken), or indistinct (Lesser redpoll, Jackdaw). Some features were distinctly avian, (autapomorphies) including the presence of a left atrial antechamber and the ventral merger of the left and right atrial auricles, which was found in some species of parrots and passerines. Most features, however, exhibited little variation. For instance, there were always three systemic veins and two pulmonary veins, whereas among mammals there are 2–3 and 1–7, respectively. Our findings suggest that the transition to high cardiac performance does not necessarily lead to a greater variation in cardiac structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle G H Kroneman
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomy and Physiology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaeike W Faber
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobine C M Schouten
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomy and Physiology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia F Wolschrijn
- Department of Pathobiology, Anatomy and Physiology division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bjarke Jensen
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Yamaguchi Y, Yamamoto H, Tobisawa Y, Irie F. TMEM2: A missing link in hyaluronan catabolism identified? Matrix Biol 2018; 78-79:139-146. [PMID: 29601864 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of repeating disaccharide units of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. HA is an extremely long, unbranched polymer, which often exceeds 106 Da and sometimes reaches 107 Da. A feature that epitomizes HA is its rapid turnover; one-third of the total body HA is turned over daily. The current model of HA catabolism postulates that high-molecular weight HA in the extracellular space is first cleaved into smaller fragments by a hyaluronidase(s) that resides at the cell surface, followed by internalization of fragments and their degradation into monosaccharides in lysosomes. Over the last decade, considerable research has shown that the HYAL family of hyaluronidases plays significant roles in HA catabolism. Nonetheless, the identity of a hyaluronidase responsible for the initial step of HA cleavage on the cell surface remains elusive, as biochemical and enzymological properties of HYAL proteins are not entirely consistent with those expected of cell surface hyaluronidases. Recent identification of transmembrane 2 (TMEM2) as a cell surface protein that possesses potent hyaluronidase activity suggests that it may be the "missing" cell surface hyaluronidase, and that novel models of HA catabolism should include this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamaguchi
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fumitoshi Irie
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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18
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Harms FL, Nampoothiri S, Anazi S, Yesodharan D, Alawi M, Kutsche K, Alkuraya FS. Elsahy-Waters syndrome is caused by biallelic mutations in CDH11. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:477-482. [PMID: 29271567 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Elsahy-Waters syndrome (EWS), also known as branchial-skeletal-genital syndrome, is a distinct dysmorphology syndrome characterized by facial asymmetry, broad forehead, marked hypertelorism with proptosis, short and broad nose, midface hypoplasia, intellectual disability, and hypospadias. We have recently published a homozygous potential loss of function variant in CDH11 in a boy with a striking resemblance to EWS. More recently, another homozygous truncating variant in CDH11 was reported in two siblings with suspected EWS. Here, we describe in detail the clinical phenotype of the original CDH11-related patient with EWS as well as a previously unreported EWS-affected girl who was also found to have a novel homozygous truncating variant in CDH11, which confirms that EWS is caused by biallelic CDH11 loss of function mutations. Clinical features in the four CDH11 mutation-positive individuals confirm the established core phenotype of EWS. Additionally, we identify upper eyelid coloboma as a new, though infrequent clinical feature. The pathomechanism underlying EWS remains unclear, although the limited phenotypic data on the Cdh11-/- mouse suggest that this is a potentially helpful model to explore the craniofacial and brain development in EWS-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederike L Harms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Shams Anazi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dhanya Yesodharan
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Cochin, Kerala, India
| | - Malik Alawi
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Bioinformatics Core, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Chowdhury B, Xiang B, Liu M, Hemming R, Dolinsky VW, Triggs-Raine B. Hyaluronidase 2 Deficiency Causes Increased Mesenchymal Cells, Congenital Heart Defects, and Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 10:CIRCGENETICS.116.001598. [PMID: 28196902 PMCID: PMC5331876 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background— Hyaluronan (HA) is required for endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and normal heart development in the mouse. Heart abnormalities in hyaluronidase 2 (HYAL2)–deficient (Hyal2−/−) mice and humans suggested removal of HA is also important for normal heart development. We have performed longitudinal studies of heart structure and function in Hyal2−/− mice to determine when, and how, HYAL2 deficiency leads to these abnormalities. Methods and Results— Echocardiography revealed atrial enlargement, atrial tissue masses, and valvular thickening at 4 weeks of age, as well as diastolic dysfunction that progressed with age, in Hyal2−/− mice. These abnormalities were associated with increased HA, vimentin-positive cells, and fibrosis in Hyal2−/− compared with control mice. Based on the severity of heart dysfunction, acute and chronic groups of Hyal2−/− mice that died at an average of 12 and 25 weeks respectively, were defined. Increased HA levels and mesenchymal cells, but not vascular endothelial growth factor in Hyal2−/− embryonic hearts, suggest that HYAL2 is important to inhibit endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Consistent with this, in wild-type embryos, HYAL2 and HA were readily detected, and HA levels decreased with age. Conclusions— These data demonstrate that disruption of normal HA catabolism in Hyal2−/− mice causes increased HA, which may promote endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Excess endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resulting in increased mesenchymal cells, is the likely cause of morphological heart abnormalities in both humans and mice. In mice, these abnormalities result in progressive and severe diastolic dysfunction, culminating in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Chowdhury
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Bo Xiang
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Michelle Liu
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Richard Hemming
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Vernon W Dolinsky
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.)
| | - Barbara Triggs-Raine
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics (B.C., M.L., R.H., B.T.-R.), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (B.X., V.W.D.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.L.), University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and The Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada (V.W.D., B.T.-R.).
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