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Boideau F, Huteau V, Maillet L, Brunet A, Coriton O, Deniot G, Trotoux G, Taburel-Lodé M, Eber F, Gilet M, Baron C, Boutte J, Richard G, Aury JM, Belser C, Labadie K, Morice J, Falentin C, Martin O, Falque M, Chèvre AM, Rousseau-Gueutin M. Alternating between even and odd ploidy levels switches on and off the recombination control, even near the centromeres. THE PLANT CELL 2024:koae208. [PMID: 39121028 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a key biological process in plant evolution and breeding, as it generates genetic diversity in each generation through the formation of crossovers (COs). However, due to their importance in genome stability, COs are highly regulated in frequency and distribution. We previously demonstrated that this strict regulation of COs can be modified, both in terms of CO frequency and distribution, in allotriploid Brassica hybrids (2n = 3x = 29; AAC) resulting from a cross between Brassica napus (2n = 4x = 38; AACC) and Brassica rapa (2n = 2x = 20; AA). Using the recently updated B. napus genome now including pericentromeres, we demonstrated that COs occur in these cold regions in allotriploids, as close as 375 kb from the centromere. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) of various meiotic genes indicated that Class I COs are likely involved in the increased recombination frequency observed in allotriploids. We also demonstrated that this modified recombination landscape can be maintained via successive generations of allotriploidy (odd ploidy level). This deregulated meiotic behavior reverts to strict regulation in allotetraploid (even ploidy level) progeny in the second generation. Overall, we provide an easy way to manipulate tight recombination control in a polyploid crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Boideau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Virginie Huteau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Loeiz Maillet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Anael Brunet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Olivier Coriton
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Gwenaëlle Deniot
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Gwenn Trotoux
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Frédérique Eber
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Marie Gilet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Cécile Baron
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Julien Boutte
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Gautier Richard
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Caroline Belser
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Karine Labadie
- Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jérôme Morice
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Cyril Falentin
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
| | - Olivier Martin
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris-Saclay, Paris-Cité and Evry, CNRS, INRAE, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE-Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Matthieu Falque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE-Le Moulon, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France
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Calvez L, Dereeper A, Perdereau A, Mournet P, Miranda M, Bruyère S, Hufnagel B, Froelicher Y, Lemainque A, Morillon R, Ollitrault P. Meiotic Behaviors of Allotetraploid Citrus Drive the Interspecific Recombination Landscape, the Genetic Structures, and Traits Inheritance in Tetrazyg Progenies Aiming to Select New Rootstocks. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1630. [PMID: 37111854 PMCID: PMC10146282 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sexual breeding at the tetraploid level is a promising strategy for rootstock breeding in citrus. Due to the interspecific origin of most of the conventional diploid citrus rootstocks that produced the tetraploid germplasm, the optimization of this strategy requires better knowledge of the meiotic behavior of the tetraploid parents. This work used Genotyping By Sequencing (GBS) data from 103 tetraploid hybrids to study the meiotic behavior and generate a high-density recombination landscape for their tetraploid intergenic Swingle citrumelo and interspecific Volkamer lemon progenitors. A genetic association study was performed with root architecture traits. For citrumelo, high preferential chromosome pairing was revealed and led to an intermediate inheritance with a disomic tendency. Meiosis in Volkamer lemon was more complex than that of citrumelo, with mixed segregation patterns from disomy to tetrasomy. The preferential pairing resulted in low interspecific recombination levels and high interspecific heterozygosity transmission by the diploid gametes. This meiotic behavior affected the efficiency of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) detection. Nevertheless, it enabled a high transmission of disease and pest resistance candidate genes from P. trifoliata that are heterozygous in the citrumelo progenitor. The tetrazyg strategy, using doubled diploids of interspecific origin as parents, appears to be efficient in transferring the dominant traits selected at the parental level to the tetraploid progenies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lény Calvez
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Alexis Dereeper
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Aude Perdereau
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91000 Evry, France; (A.P.)
| | - Pierre Mournet
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Maëva Miranda
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Saturnin Bruyère
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Barbara Hufnagel
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-97170 Petit-Bourg, France; (L.C.); (A.D.); (S.B.); (B.H.)
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Yann Froelicher
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-20230 San Giuliano, France
| | - Arnaud Lemainque
- Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François-Jacob, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique (CEA), Université Paris-Saclay, F-91000 Evry, France; (A.P.)
| | - Raphaël Morillon
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Ollitrault
- UMR AGAP, Institut Agro, CIRAD, INRAE, University of Montpellier, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (P.M.); (M.M.); (Y.F.); (R.M.)
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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Cai C, Pelé A, Bucher J, Finkers R, Bonnema G. Fine mapping of meiotic crossovers in Brassica oleracea reveals patterns and variations depending on direction and combination of crosses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:1192-1210. [PMID: 36626115 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is crucial for assuring proper segregation of parental chromosomes and generation of novel allelic combinations. As this process is tightly regulated, identifying factors influencing rate, and distribution of meiotic crossovers (COs) is of major importance, notably for plant breeding programs. However, high-resolution recombination maps are sparse in most crops including the Brassica genus and knowledge about intraspecific variation and sex differences is lacking. Here, we report fine-scale resolution recombination landscapes for 10 female and 10 male crosses in Brassica oleracea, by analyzing progenies of five large four-way-cross populations from two reciprocally crossed F1s per population. Parents are highly diverse inbred lines representing major crops, including broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kohlrabi, and kale. We produced approximately 4.56T Illumina data from 1248 progenies and identified 15 353 CO across the 10 reciprocal crosses, 51.13% of which being mapped to <10 kb. We revealed fairly similar Mb-scale recombination landscapes among all cross combinations and between the sexes, and provided evidence that these landscapes are largely independent of sequence divergence. We evidenced strong influence of gene density and large structural variations on CO formation in B. oleracea. Moreover, we found extensive variations in CO number depending on the direction and combination of the initial parents crossed with, for the first time, a striking interdependency between these factors. These data improve our current knowledge on meiotic recombination and are important for Brassica breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Cai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Pelé
- Laboratory of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Johan Bucher
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Finkers
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Gennovation B.V., Agro Business Park 10, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Guusje Bonnema
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Dissecting the Meiotic Recombination Patterns in a Brassica napus Double Haploid Population Using 60K SNP Array. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054469. [PMID: 36901901 PMCID: PMC10003086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic recombination not only maintains the stability of the chromosome structure but also creates genetic variations for adapting to changeable environments. A better understanding of the mechanism of crossover (CO) patterns at the population level is useful for crop improvement. However, there are limited cost-effective and universal methods to detect the recombination frequency at the population level in Brassica napus. Here, the Brassica 60K Illumina Infinium SNP array (Brassica 60K array) was used to systematically study the recombination landscape in a double haploid (DH) population of B. napus. It was found that COs were unevenly distributed across the whole genome, and a higher frequency of COs existed at the distal ends of each chromosome. A considerable number of genes (more than 30%) in the CO hot regions were associated with plant defense and regulation. In most tissues, the average gene expression level in the hot regions (CO frequency of greater than 2 cM/Mb) was significantly higher than that in the regions with a CO frequency of less than 1 cM/Mb. In addition, a bin map was constructed with 1995 recombination bins. For seed oil content, Bin 1131 to 1134, Bin 1308 to 1311, Bin 1864 to 1869, and Bin 2184 to 2230 were identified on chromosomes A08, A09, C03, and C06, respectively, which could explain 8.5%, 17.3%, 8.6%, and 3.9% of the phenotypic variation. These results could not only deepen our understanding of meiotic recombination in B. napus at the population level, and provide useful information for rapeseed breeding in the future, but also provided a reference for studying CO frequency in other species.
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Yang F, Wan H, Li J, Wang Q, Yang N, Zhu X, Liu Z, Yang Y, Ma W, Fan X, Yang W, Zhou Y. Pentaploidization Enriches the Genetic Diversity of Wheat by Enhancing the Recombination of AB Genomes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883868. [PMID: 35845672 PMCID: PMC9281561 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Allohexaploidization and continuous introgression play a key role in the origin and evolution of bread wheat. The genetic bottleneck of bread wheat resulting from limited germplasms involved in the origin and modern breeding may be compensated by gene flow from tetraploid wheat through introgressive hybridization. The inter-ploidy hybridization between hexaploid and tetraploid wheat generates pentaploid hybrids first, which absorbed genetic variations both from hexaploid and tetraploid wheat and have great potential for re-evolution and improvement in bread wheat. Therefore, understanding the effects of the pentaploid hybrid is of apparent significance in our understanding of the historic introgression and in informing breeding. In the current study, two sets of F2 populations of synthetic pentaploid wheat (SPW1 and SPW2) and synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW1 and SHW2) were created to analyze differences in recombination frequency (RF) of AB genomes and distorted segregation of polymorphic SNP markers through SNP genotyping. Results suggested that (1) the recombination of AB genomes in the SPW populations was about 3- to 4-fold higher than that in the SHW populations, resulting from the significantly (P < 0.01) increased RF between adjacent and linked SNP loci, especially the variations that occurred in a pericentromeric region which would further enrich genetic diversity; (2) the crosses of hexaploid × tetraploid wheat could be an efficient way to produce pentaploid derivatives than the crosses of tetraploid × hexaploid wheat according to the higher germination rate found in the former crosses; (3) the high proportion of distorted segregation loci that skewed in favor of the female parent genotype/allele in the SPW populations might associate with the fitness and survival of the offspring. Based on the presented data, we propose that pentaploid hybrids should increasingly be used in wheat breeding. In addition, the contribution of gene flow from tetraploid wheat to bread wheat mediated by pentaploid introgressive hybridization also was discussed in the re-evolution of bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongshen Wan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zehou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumin Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Wujun Ma
- Australia-China Joint Centre for Wheat Improvement, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wuyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement in Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R.C.), Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Bolaños-Villegas P, Chen FC. Advances and Perspectives for Polyploidy Breeding in Orchids. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1421. [PMID: 35684197 PMCID: PMC9183072 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The orchid market is a dynamic horticultural business in which novelty and beauty command high prices. The two main interests are the development of flowers, from the miniature to the large and showy, and their fragrance. Overall organ size might be modified by doubling the chromosome number, which can be accomplished by careful study of meiotic chromosome disjunction in hybrids or species. Meiosis is the process in which diploid (2n) pollen mother cells recombine their DNA sequences and then undergo two rounds of division to give rise to four haploid (n) cells. Thus, by interfering in chromosome segregation, one can induce the development of diploid recombinant cells, called unreduced gametes. These unreduced gametes may be used for breeding polyploid progenies with enhanced fertility and large flower size. This review provides an overview of developments in orchid polyploidy breeding placed in the large context of meiotic chromosome segregation in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus to facilitate molecular translational research and horticultural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bolaños-Villegas
- Fabio Baudrit Agricultural Research Station, University of Costa Rica, La Garita District, Alajuela 20101, Costa Rica
- Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, Dulce Nombre District, Cartago 30109, Costa Rica
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Rodrigo Facio Campus, School of Agronomy, University of Costa Rica, Montes de Oca County, San Jose 11503, Costa Rica
| | - Fure-Chyi Chen
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, #1 Shuefu Road, Neipu township, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
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Boideau F, Richard G, Coriton O, Huteau V, Belser C, Deniot G, Eber F, Falentin C, Ferreira de Carvalho J, Gilet M, Lodé-Taburel M, Maillet L, Morice J, Trotoux G, Aury JM, Chèvre AM, Rousseau-Gueutin M. Epigenomic and structural events preclude recombination in Brassica napus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:545-559. [PMID: 35092024 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is a major evolutionary process generating genetic diversity at each generation in sexual organisms. However, this process is highly regulated, with the majority of crossovers lying in the distal chromosomal regions that harbor low DNA methylation levels. Even in these regions, some islands without recombination remain, for which we investigated the underlying causes. Genetic maps were established in two Brassica napus hybrids to detect the presence of such large nonrecombinant islands. The role played by DNA methylation and structural variations in this local absence of recombination was determined by performing bisulfite sequencing and whole genome comparisons. Inferred structural variations were validated using either optical mapping or oligo fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hypermethylated or inverted regions between Brassica genomes were associated with the absence of recombination. Pairwise comparisons of nine B. napus genome assemblies revealed that such inversions occur frequently and may contain key agronomic genes such as resistance to biotic stresses. We conclude that such islands without recombination can have different origins, such as DNA methylation or structural variations in B. napus. It is thus essential to take into account these features in breeding programs as they may hamper the efficient combination of favorable alleles in elite varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Boideau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Gautier Richard
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Olivier Coriton
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Virginie Huteau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Caroline Belser
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Gwenaelle Deniot
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Frédérique Eber
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Cyril Falentin
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | | | - Marie Gilet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | | | - Loeiz Maillet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Jérôme Morice
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Gwenn Trotoux
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, Le Rheu, 35653, France
| | - Jean-Marc Aury
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 2 Rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
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Fayos I, Frouin J, Meynard D, Vernet A, Herbert L, Guiderdoni E. Manipulation of Meiotic Recombination to Hasten Crop Improvement. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:369. [PMID: 35336743 PMCID: PMC8945028 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Reciprocal (cross-overs = COs) and non-reciprocal (gene conversion) DNA exchanges between the parental chromosomes (the homologs) during meiotic recombination are, together with mutation, the drivers for the evolution and adaptation of species. In plant breeding, recombination combines alleles from genetically diverse accessions to generate new haplotypes on which selection can act. In recent years, a spectacular progress has been accomplished in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying meiotic recombination in both model and crop plants as well as in the modulation of meiotic recombination using different strategies. The latter includes the stimulation and redistribution of COs by either modifying environmental conditions (e.g., T°), harnessing particular genomic situations (e.g., triploidy in Brassicaceae), or inactivating/over-expressing meiotic genes, notably some involved in the DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. These tools could be particularly useful for shuffling diversity in pre-breeding generations. Furthermore, thanks to the site-specific properties of genome editing technologies the targeting of meiotic recombination at specific chromosomal regions nowadays appears an attainable goal. Directing COs at desired chromosomal positions would allow breaking linkage situations existing between favorable and unfavorable alleles, the so-called linkage drag, and accelerate genetic gain. This review surveys the recent achievements in the manipulation of meiotic recombination in plants that could be integrated into breeding schemes to meet the challenges of deploying crops that are more resilient to climate instability, resistant to pathogens and pests, and sparing in their input requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Fayos
- Meiogenix, 38 rue Sevran, 75011 Paris, France; (I.F.); (L.H.)
| | - Julien Frouin
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (J.F.); (D.M.); (A.V.)
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Donaldo Meynard
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (J.F.); (D.M.); (A.V.)
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Aurore Vernet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (J.F.); (D.M.); (A.V.)
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Léo Herbert
- Meiogenix, 38 rue Sevran, 75011 Paris, France; (I.F.); (L.H.)
| | - Emmanuel Guiderdoni
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France; (J.F.); (D.M.); (A.V.)
- UMR AGAP Institut, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France
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9
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Bayer PE, Scheben A, Golicz AA, Yuan Y, Faure S, Lee H, Chawla HS, Anderson R, Bancroft I, Raman H, Lim YP, Robbens S, Jiang L, Liu S, Barker MS, Schranz ME, Wang X, King GJ, Pires JC, Chalhoub B, Snowdon RJ, Batley J, Edwards D. Modelling of gene loss propensity in the pangenomes of three Brassica species suggests different mechanisms between polyploids and diploids. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2488-2500. [PMID: 34310022 PMCID: PMC8633514 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant genomes demonstrate significant presence/absence variation (PAV) within a species; however, the factors that lead to this variation have not been studied systematically in Brassica across diploids and polyploids. Here, we developed pangenomes of polyploid Brassica napus and its two diploid progenitor genomes B. rapa and B. oleracea to infer how PAV may differ between diploids and polyploids. Modelling of gene loss suggests that loss propensity is primarily associated with transposable elements in the diploids while in B. napus, gene loss propensity is associated with homoeologous recombination. We use these results to gain insights into the different causes of gene loss, both in diploids and following polyploidization, and pave the way for the application of machine learning methods to understanding the underlying biological and physical causes of gene presence/absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E. Bayer
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Armin Scheben
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Agnieszka A. Golicz
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology LaboratoryFaculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVICAustralia
| | - Yuxuan Yuan
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | | | - HueyTyng Lee
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Harmeet Singh Chawla
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Robyn Anderson
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | | | - Harsh Raman
- NSW Department of Primary IndustriesWagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, PMBWagga WaggaNSWAustralia
| | - Yong Pyo Lim
- Department of HorticultureChungnam National UniversityDaejeonSouth Korea
| | | | - Lixi Jiang
- Institute of crop scienceDepartment of Agronomy and Plant BreedingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Shengyi Liu
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesOil Crops Research InstituteWuhanChina
| | - Michael S. Barker
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| | - M. Eric Schranz
- Biosystematics GroupWageningen University and Research CenterWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Xiaowu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and FlowersChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (IVF, CAAS)BeijingChina
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
| | - J. Chris Pires
- Division of Biological SciencesBond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Boulos Chalhoub
- Institute of crop scienceDepartment of Agronomy and Plant BreedingZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Rod J. Snowdon
- Department of Plant BreedingIFZ Research Centre for BiosystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences and the Institute of AgricultureFaculty of ScienceThe University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
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10
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Bohra A, Kilian B, Sivasankar S, Caccamo M, Mba C, McCouch SR, Varshney RK. Reap the crop wild relatives for breeding future crops. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 40:412-431. [PMID: 34629170 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop wild relatives (CWRs) have provided breeders with several 'game-changing' traits or genes that have boosted crop resilience and global agricultural production. Advances in breeding and genomics have accelerated the identification of valuable CWRs for use in crop improvement. The enhanced genetic diversity of breeding pools carrying optimum combinations of favorable alleles for targeted crop-growing regions is crucial to sustain genetic gain. In parallel, growing sequence information on wild genomes in combination with precise gene-editing tools provide a fast-track route to transform CWRs into ideal future crops. Data-informed germplasm collection and management strategies together with adequate policy support will be equally important to improve access to CWRs and their sustainable use to meet food and nutrition security targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Bohra
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), 208024 Kanpur, India
| | | | - Shoba Sivasankar
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Chikelu Mba
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome 00153, Italy
| | - Susan R McCouch
- Plant Breeding and Genetics, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Centre of Excellence in Genomics and Systems Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Hyderabad 502324, India; State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.
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11
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Wang Y, van Rengs WMJ, Zaidan MWAM, Underwood CJ. Meiosis in crops: from genes to genomes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6091-6109. [PMID: 34009331 PMCID: PMC8483783 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a key feature of sexual reproduction. During meiosis homologous chromosomes replicate, recombine, and randomly segregate, followed by the segregation of sister chromatids to produce haploid cells. The unique genotypes of recombinant gametes are an essential substrate for the selection of superior genotypes in natural populations and in plant breeding. In this review we summarize current knowledge on meiosis in diverse monocot and dicot crop species and provide a comprehensive resource of cloned meiotic mutants in six crop species (rice, maize, wheat, barley, tomato, and Brassica species). Generally, the functional roles of meiotic proteins are conserved between plant species, but we highlight notable differences in mutant phenotypes. The physical lengths of plant chromosomes vary greatly; for instance, wheat chromosomes are roughly one order of magnitude longer than those of rice. We explore how chromosomal distribution for crossover recombination can vary between species. We conclude that research on meiosis in crops will continue to complement that in Arabidopsis, and alongside possible applications in plant breeding will facilitate a better understanding of how the different stages of meiosis are controlled in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Wang
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Willem M J van Rengs
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mohd Waznul Adly Mohd Zaidan
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
| | - Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg, Cologne, Germany
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12
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Soares NR, Mollinari M, Oliveira GK, Pereira GS, Vieira MLC. Meiosis in Polyploids and Implications for Genetic Mapping: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101517. [PMID: 34680912 PMCID: PMC8535482 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cytogenetic studies have provided essential knowledge on chromosome behavior during meiosis, contributing to our understanding of this complex process. In this review, we describe in detail the meiotic process in auto- and allopolyploids from the onset of prophase I through pairing, recombination, and bivalent formation, highlighting recent findings on the genetic control and mode of action of specific proteins that lead to diploid-like meiosis behavior in polyploid species. During the meiosis of newly formed polyploids, related chromosomes (homologous in autopolyploids; homologous and homoeologous in allopolyploids) can combine in complex structures called multivalents. These structures occur when multiple chromosomes simultaneously pair, synapse, and recombine. We discuss the effectiveness of crossover frequency in preventing multivalent formation and favoring regular meiosis. Homoeologous recombination in particular can generate new gene (locus) combinations and phenotypes, but it may destabilize the karyotype and lead to aberrant meiotic behavior, reducing fertility. In crop species, understanding the factors that control pairing and recombination has the potential to provide plant breeders with resources to make fuller use of available chromosome variations in number and structure. We focused on wheat and oilseed rape, since there is an abundance of elucidating studies on this subject, including the molecular characterization of the Ph1 (wheat) and PrBn (oilseed rape) loci, which are known to play a crucial role in regulating meiosis. Finally, we exploited the consequences of chromosome pairing and recombination for genetic map construction in polyploids, highlighting two case studies of complex genomes: (i) modern sugarcane, which has a man-made genome harboring two subgenomes with some recombinant chromosomes; and (ii) hexaploid sweet potato, a naturally occurring polyploid. The recent inclusion of allelic dosage information has improved linkage estimation in polyploids, allowing multilocus genetic maps to be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reis Soares
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Marcelo Mollinari
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7566, USA;
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7555, USA
| | - Gleicy K. Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Guilherme S. Pereira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Boideau F, Pelé A, Tanguy C, Trotoux G, Eber F, Maillet L, Gilet M, Lodé-Taburel M, Huteau V, Morice J, Coriton O, Falentin C, Delourme R, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Chèvre AM. A Modified Meiotic Recombination in Brassica napus Largely Improves Its Breeding Efficiency. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080771. [PMID: 34440003 PMCID: PMC8389541 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The selection of varieties more resilient to disease and climate change requires generating new genetic diversity for breeding. The main mechanism for reshuffling genetic information is through the recombination of chromosomes during meiosis. We showed in oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 4x = 38), which is a natural hybrid formed from a cross between turnip (B. rapa, AA, 2n = 2x = 20) and cabbage (B. oleracea, CC, 2n = 2x = 18), that there is significantly more crossovers occurring along the entire A chromosomes in allotriploid AAC (crossbetween B. napus and B. rapa) than in diploid AA or allotetraploid AACC hybrids. We demonstrated that these allotriploid AAC hybrids are highly efficient to introduce new variability within oilseed rape varieties, notably by enabling the introduction of small genomic regions carrying genes controlling agronomically interesting traits. Abstract Meiotic recombination is the main tool used by breeders to generate biodiversity, allowing genetic reshuffling at each generation. It enables the accumulation of favorable alleles while purging deleterious mutations. However, this mechanism is highly regulated with the formation of one to rarely more than three crossovers, which are not randomly distributed. In this study, we showed that it is possible to modify these controls in oilseed rape (Brassica napus, AACC, 2n = 4x = 38) and that it is linked to AAC allotriploidy and not to polyploidy per se. To that purpose, we compared the frequency and the distribution of crossovers along A chromosomes from hybrids carrying exactly the same A nucleotide sequence, but presenting three different ploidy levels: AA, AAC and AACC. Genetic maps established with 202 SNPs anchored on reference genomes revealed that the crossover rate is 3.6-fold higher in the AAC allotriploid hybrids compared to AA and AACC hybrids. Using a higher SNP density, we demonstrated that smaller and numerous introgressions of B. rapa were present in AAC hybrids compared to AACC allotetraploid hybrids, with 7.6 Mb vs. 16.9 Mb on average and 21 B. rapa regions per plant vs. nine regions, respectively. Therefore, this boost of recombination is highly efficient to reduce the size of QTL carried in cold regions of the oilseed rape genome, as exemplified here for a QTL conferring blackleg resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Boideau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Alexandre Pelé
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
- Laboratory of Genome Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Coleen Tanguy
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Gwenn Trotoux
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Frédérique Eber
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Loeiz Maillet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Marie Gilet
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Maryse Lodé-Taburel
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Virginie Huteau
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Jérôme Morice
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Olivier Coriton
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Cyril Falentin
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Régine Delourme
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Rennes, 35650 Le Rheu, France; (F.B.); (A.P.); (C.T.); (G.T.); (F.E.); (L.M.); (M.G.); (M.L.-T.); (V.H.); (J.M.); (O.C.); (C.F.); (R.D.); (M.R.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-23-48-51-31
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14
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Kuo P, Da Ines O, Lambing C. Rewiring Meiosis for Crop Improvement. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:708948. [PMID: 34349775 PMCID: PMC8328115 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.708948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that contributes to halve the genome content and reshuffle allelic combinations between generations in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. During meiosis, a large number of programmed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed throughout the genome. Repair of meiotic DSBs facilitates the pairing of homologs and forms crossovers which are the reciprocal exchange of genetic information between chromosomes. Meiotic recombination also influences centromere organization and is essential for proper chromosome segregation. Accordingly, meiotic recombination drives genome evolution and is a powerful tool for breeders to create new varieties important to food security. Modifying meiotic recombination has the potential to accelerate plant breeding but it can also have detrimental effects on plant performance by breaking beneficial genetic linkages. Therefore, it is essential to gain a better understanding of these processes in order to develop novel strategies to facilitate plant breeding. Recent progress in targeted recombination technologies, chromosome engineering, and an increasing knowledge in the control of meiotic chromosome segregation has significantly increased our ability to manipulate meiosis. In this review, we summarize the latest findings and technologies on meiosis in plants. We also highlight recent attempts and future directions to manipulate crossover events and control the meiotic division process in a breeding perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallas Kuo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Olivier Da Ines
- Institut Génétique Reproduction et Développement (iGReD), Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR 6293 CNRS, U1103 INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Lambing
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Tourrette E, Falque M, Martin OC. Enhancing backcross programs through increased recombination. Genet Sel Evol 2021; 53:25. [PMID: 33750291 PMCID: PMC7941899 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-021-00619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Introgression of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) by successive backcrosses is used to improve elite lines (recurrent parent) by introducing alleles from exotic material (donor parent). In the absence of selection, the proportion of the donor genome decreases by half at each generation. However, since selection is for the donor allele at the QTL, elimination of the donor genome around that QTL will be much slower than in the rest of the genome (i.e. linkage drag). Using markers to monitor the genome around the QTL and in the genetic background can accelerate the return to the recurrent parent genome. Successful introgression of a locus depends partly on the occurrence of crossovers at favorable positions. However, the number of crossovers per generation is limited and their distribution along the genome is heterogeneous. Recently, techniques have been developed to modify these two recombination parameters. Results In this paper, we assess, by simulations in the context of Brassicaceae, the effect of increased recombination on the efficiency of introgression programs by studying the decrease in linkage drag and the recovery of the recurrent genome. The simulated selection schemes begin by two generations of foreground selection and continue with one or more generations of background selection. Our results show that, when the QTL is in a region that initially lacked crossovers, an increase in recombination rate can decrease linkage drag by nearly ten-fold after the foreground selection and improves the return to the recurrent parent. However, if the QTL is in a region that is already rich in crossovers, an increase in recombination rate is detrimental. Conclusions Depending on the recombination rate in the region targeted for introgression, increasing it can be beneficial or detrimental. Thus, the simulations analysed in this paper help us understand how an increase in recombination rate can be beneficial. They also highlight the best methods that can be used to increase recombination rate, depending on the situation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12711-021-00619-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Tourrette
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Matthieu Falque
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Olivier C Martin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, GQE - Le Moulon, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ. Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.,Université de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
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16
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Ahmed D, Curk F, Evrard JC, Froelicher Y, Ollitrault P. Preferential Disomic Segregation and C. micrantha/C. medica Interspecific Recombination in Tetraploid 'Giant Key' Lime; Outlook for Triploid Lime Breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:939. [PMID: 32670332 PMCID: PMC7330052 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The triploid 'Tahiti' lime (C. x latifolia (Yu. Tanaka) Tanaka) naturally originated from a merger between a haploid ovule of lemon (C. x limon (L.) Burm) and a diploid pollen from a 'Mexican' lime (C. x aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swing). The very limited natural inter-varietal diversity and gametic sterility of C. latifolia requires a phylogenomic based reconstruction breeding strategy to insure its diversification. We developed a strategy based on interploid hybridization between diploid lemon and the doubled diploid 'Giant Key' lime. This lime is a doubled diploid of 'Mexican' lime, itself a natural interspecific F1 hybrid between C. medica L. and C. micrantha Wester. For an optimized breeding program, we analyzed the meiotic behavior of the allotetraploid lime, the genetic structure of its diploid gametes, the interspecific recombination between C. medica and C. micrantha, and constructed its genetic map. A population of 272 triploid hybrids was generated using 'Giant Key' lime as pollinator. One hundred fifty-eight SNPs diagnostic of C. micrantha, regularly distributed throughout the citrus genome were successfully developed and applied. The genetic structure of the diploid gametes was examined based on C. micrantha doses along the genome. The diploid gametes transmitted in average 91.17% of the parental interspecific C. medica/C. micrantha heterozygosity. Three chromosomes (2, 8, and 9) showed disomic segregation with high preferential pairing values, while the remaining chromosomes showed an intermediate inheritance with a preferential disomic trend. A total of 131 SNPs were assigned to nine linkage groups to construct the genetic map. It spanned 272.8 cM with a low average recombination rate (0.99 cM Mb-1) and high synteny and colinearity with the reference clementine genome. Our results confirmed that an efficient reconstruction breeding strategy for 'Tahiti' lime is possible, based on interploid hybridization using a doubled diploid of C. aurantiifolia. The tetraploid parent should be selected for favorable agronomic traits and its genetic value should be efficiently inherited by the progeny thanks to transmission of the high level of parental heterozygosity. However, it would require developing numerous progeny to overcome the linkage drag caused by the limited interspecific recombination associated with the predominant disomic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalel Ahmed
- UMR AGAP, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, San Giuliano, France
| | - Franck Curk
- UMR AGAP, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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17
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Tourrette E, Bernardo R, Falque M, Martin OC. Assessing by Modeling the Consequences of Increased Recombination in Recurrent Selection of Oryza sativa and Brassica rapa. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:4169-4181. [PMID: 31628152 PMCID: PMC6893184 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination generates genetic diversity but in most species the number of crossovers per meiosis is limited. Previous modeling studies showed that increasing recombination can enhance response to selection. However, such studies did not assume a specific method of modifying recombination. Our objective was to test whether two methods used to increase recombination in plants could increase genetic gain in a population undergoing recurrent selection such as in genomic selection programs. The first method, in Oryza sativa, used a mutant of anti-crossover genes, increasing global recombination without affecting the recombination landscape shape. The second one used the ploidy level of a cross between Brassica rapa and Brassica napus, increasing recombination especially in pericentromeric regions. Our modeling framework used these recombination landscapes and sampled quantitative trait loci positions from the actual gene distributions. We simulated selection programs with initially a cross between two inbred lines, for two species. Increased recombination enhanced the response to selection. The amount of enhancement in the cumulative gain largely depended on the species and the number of quantitative trait loci (2, 10, 20, 50, 200 or 1000 per chromosome). Genetic gains were increased up to 30% after 20 generations. Furthermore, increasing recombination in cold regions was the most effective: the gain was larger by 25% with the first method and 34% with the second one in B. rapa, and 12% compared to 16% in O. sativa In summary, increased recombination enhances the genetic gain in long-term selection programs, with visible effects after four to five generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Tourrette
- GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and
| | - Rex Bernardo
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul
| | - Matthieu Falque
- GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and
| | - Olivier C Martin
- GQE - Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France and
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18
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Multicolored Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization to Assess Pairing Configurations at Metaphase I in Brassica Hybrids. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 31583659 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9818-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Genetic diversity can be introduced into polyploid crop species through meiotic recombination by exchanges between homologous or homoeologous chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) enables the characterization of these homologous and homoeologous chromosome pairs during meiosis and identification of structural rearrangements during mitosis in metaphase I. In this chapter, we describe a protocol for the multicolored fluorescent labeling of chromosome spreads. This protocol allows the characterization of each A and C homoeologous subgenomes in a polyploid species using a genome-specific BAC combined with specific chromosome labeling BAC sequences.
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19
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Abstract
Here we present an optimized protocol for immunolocalization of meiotic proteins during female meiosis in whole mount tissues. It ensures ovule morphology integrity and homogeneous reagent penetration. The method relies on paraformaldehyde tissue fixation, polyacrylamide embedding, tissue permeabilization, antibody incubation, counterstaining, and confocal microscopy analysis. This protocol has been used in diverse Arabidopsis ecotypes and in the legume Vigna unguiculata.
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20
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Diversity and Determinants of Meiotic Recombination Landscapes. Trends Genet 2019; 35:359-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Fernandes JB, Wlodzimierz P, Henderson IR. Meiotic recombination within plant centromeres. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 48:26-35. [PMID: 30954771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a conserved eukaryotic cell division that increases genetic diversity in sexual populations. During meiosis homologous chromosomes pair and undergo recombination that can result in reciprocal genetic exchange, termed crossover. The frequency of crossover is highly variable along chromosomes, with hot spots and cold spots. For example, the centromeres that contain the kinetochore, which attach chromosomes to the microtubular spindle, are crossover cold spots. Plant centromeres typically consist of large tandemly repeated arrays of satellite sequences and retrotransposons, a subset of which assemble CENH3-variant nucleosomes, which bind to kinetochore proteins. Although crossovers are suppressed in centromeres, there is abundant evidence for gene conversion and homologous recombination between repeats, which plays a role in satellite array change. We review the evidence for recombination within plant centromeres and the implications for satellite sequence evolution. We speculate on the genetic and epigenetic features of centromeres that may influence meiotic recombination in these regions. We also highlight unresolved questions relating to centromere function and sequence change and how the advent of new technologies promises to provide insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joiselle B Fernandes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Piotr Wlodzimierz
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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22
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Delame M, Prado E, Blanc S, Robert-Siegwald G, Schneider C, Mestre P, Rustenholz C, Merdinoglu D. Introgression reshapes recombination distribution in grapevine interspecific hybrids. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1073-1087. [PMID: 30535509 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In grapevine interspecific hybrids, meiotic recombination is suppressed in homeologous regions and enhanced in homologous regions of recombined chromosomes, whereas crossover rate remains unchanged when chromosome pairs are entirely homeologous. Vitis rotundifolia, an American species related to the cultivated European grapevine Vitis vinifera, has a high level of resistance to several grapevine major diseases and is consequently a valuable resource for grape breeding. However, crosses between both species most often lead to very few poorly fertile hybrids. In this context, identifying genetic and genomic features that make cross-breeding between both species difficult is essential. To this end, three mapping populations were generated by pseudo-backcrosses using V. rotundifolia as the donor parent and several V. vinifera cultivars as the recurrent parents. Genotyping-by-sequencing was used to establish high-density genetic linkage maps and to determine the genetic composition of the chromosomes of each individual. A good collinearity of the SNP positions was observed between parental maps, confirming the synteny between both species, except on lower arm of chromosome 7. Interestingly, recombination rate in V. rotundifolia × V. vinifera interspecific hybrids depends on the length of the introgressed region. It is similar to grapevine for chromosome pairs entirely homeologous. Conversely, for chromosome pairs partly homeologous, recombination is suppressed in the homeologous regions, whereas it is enhanced in the homologous ones. This balance leads to the conservation of the total genetic length of each chromosome between V. vinifera and hybrid maps, whatever the backcross level and the proportion of homeologous region. Altogether, these results provide new insight to optimize the use of V. rotundifolia in grape breeding and, more generally, to improve the introgression of gene of interest from wild species related to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Delame
- SVQV UMR-A 1131, INRA, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
- Direction des Formations Doctorales, AgroParisTech, 19 avenue du Maine, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Emilce Prado
- SVQV UMR-A 1131, INRA, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
| | - Sophie Blanc
- SVQV UMR-A 1131, INRA, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
| | | | | | - Pere Mestre
- SVQV UMR-A 1131, INRA, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France
| | | | - Didier Merdinoglu
- SVQV UMR-A 1131, INRA, Université de Strasbourg, 68000, Colmar, France.
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23
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Blary A, Jenczewski E. Manipulation of crossover frequency and distribution for plant breeding. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:575-592. [PMID: 30483818 PMCID: PMC6439139 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The crossovers (COs) that occur during meiotic recombination lead to genetic diversity upon which natural and artificial selection can act. The potential of tinkering with the mechanisms of meiotic recombination to increase the amount of genetic diversity accessible for breeders has been under the research spotlight for years. A wide variety of approaches have been proposed to increase CO frequency, alter CO distribution and induce COs between non-homologous chromosomal regions. For most of these approaches, translational biology will be crucial for demonstrating how these strategies can be of practical use in plant breeding. In this review, we describe how tinkering with meiotic recombination could benefit plant breeding and give concrete examples of how these strategies could be implemented into breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Blary
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - E Jenczewski
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000, Versailles, France.
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Pelé A, Rousseau-Gueutin M, Chèvre AM. Speciation Success of Polyploid Plants Closely Relates to the Regulation of Meiotic Recombination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:907. [PMID: 30002669 PMCID: PMC6031745 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidization is a widespread phenomenon, especially in flowering plants that have all undergone at least one event of whole genome duplication during their evolutionary history. Consequently, a large range of plants, including many of the world's crops, combines more than two sets of chromosomes originating from the same (autopolyploids) or related species (allopolyploids). Depending on the polyploid formation pathway, different patterns of recombination will be promoted, conditioning the level of heterozygosity. A polyploid population harboring a high level of heterozygosity will produce more genetically diverse progenies. Some of these individuals may show a better adaptability to different ecological niches, increasing their chance for successful establishment through natural selection. Another condition for young polyploids to survive corresponds to the formation of well-balanced gametes, assuring a sufficient level of fertility. In this review, we discuss the consequences of polyploid formation pathways, meiotic behavior and recombination regulation on the speciation success and maintenance of polyploid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pelé
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Mathieu Rousseau-Gueutin
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Anne-Marie Chèvre
- Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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25
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Abstract
Meiosis halves diploid chromosome numbers to haploid levels that are essential for sexual reproduction in most eukaryotes. Meiotic recombination ensures the formation of bivalents between homologous chromosomes (homologs) and their subsequent proper segregation. It also results in genetic diversity among progeny that influences evolutionary responses to selection. Moreover, crop breeding depends upon the action of meiotic recombination to rearrange elite traits between parental chromosomes. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive meiotic recombination is important for both fundamental research and practical applications. This review emphasizes advances made during the past 5 years, primarily in Arabidopsis and rice, by summarizing newly characterized genes and proteins and examining the regulatory mechanisms that modulate their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China;
| | - Gregory P Copenhaver
- Department of Biology and the Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA;
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280, USA
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26
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Lawrence EJ, Griffin CH, Henderson IR. Modification of meiotic recombination by natural variation in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5471-5483. [PMID: 28992351 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division that produces haploid gametes required for sexual reproduction. During the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair and undergo reciprocal crossing over, which recombines linked sequence variation. Meiotic recombination frequency varies extensively both within and between species. In this review, we will examine the molecular basis of meiotic recombination rate variation, with an emphasis on plant genomes. We first consider cis modification caused by polymorphisms at the site of recombination, or elsewhere on the same chromosome. We review cis effects caused by mismatches within recombining joint molecules, the effect of structural hemizygosity, and the role of specific DNA sequence motifs. In contrast, trans modification of recombination is exerted by polymorphic loci encoding diffusible molecules, which are able to modulate recombination on the same and/or other chromosomes. We consider trans modifiers that act to change total recombination levels, hotspot locations, or interactions between homologous and homeologous chromosomes in polyploid species. Finally, we consider the significance of genetic variation that modifies meiotic recombination for adaptation and evolution of plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Lawrence
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Catherine H Griffin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
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