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Hockens C, Lorenzi H, Wang TT, Lei EP, Rosin LF. Chromosome segregation during spermatogenesis occurs through a unique center-kinetic mechanism in holocentric moth species. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011329. [PMID: 38913752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise regulation of chromosome dynamics in the germline is essential for reproductive success across species. Yet, the mechanisms underlying meiotic chromosomal events such as homolog pairing and chromosome segregation are not fully understood in many species. Here, we employ Oligopaint DNA FISH to investigate mechanisms of meiotic homolog pairing and chromosome segregation in the holocentric pantry moth, Plodia interpunctella, and compare our findings to new and previous studies in the silkworm moth, Bombyx mori, which diverged from P. interpunctella over 100 million years ago. We find that pairing in both Bombyx and Plodia spermatogenesis is initiated at gene-rich chromosome ends. Additionally, both species form rod shaped cruciform-like bivalents at metaphase I. However, unlike the telomere-oriented chromosome segregation mechanism observed in Bombyx, Plodia can orient bivalents in multiple different ways at metaphase I. Surprisingly, in both species we find that kinetochores consistently assemble at non-telomeric loci toward the centers of chromosomes regardless of where chromosome centers are located in the bivalent. Additionally, sister kinetochores do not seem to be paired in these species. Instead, four distinct kinetochores are easily observed at metaphase I. Despite this, we find clear end-on microtubule attachments and not lateral microtubule attachments connecting these separated kinetochores to the meiotic spindle. These findings challenge the classical view of segregation where paired, poleward-facing kinetochores are required for accurate homolog separation in meiosis I. Our studies here highlight the importance of exploring fundamental processes in non-model systems, as employing novel organisms can lead to the discovery of novel biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio Hockens
- Unit on Chromosome Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hernan Lorenzi
- TriLab Bioinformatics Group, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tricia T Wang
- Unit on Chromosome Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elissa P Lei
- Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression Section; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Genetics, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leah F Rosin
- Unit on Chromosome Dynamics, Division of Developmental Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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2
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Yang Y, Wang N, Liu G, Nan W, Wang B, Gartner A, Zhang H, Hong Y. COSA-1 mediated pro-crossover complex formation promotes meiotic crossing over in C. elegans. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4375-4392. [PMID: 38412290 PMCID: PMC11077092 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis requires the establishment of at least one crossover (CO) between each pair of homologous chromosomes. CO formation depends on a group of conserved pro-CO proteins, which colocalize at CO-designated sites during late meiotic prophase I. However, it remains unclear whether these pro-CO proteins form a functional complex and how they promote meiotic CO formation in vivo. Here, we show that COSA-1, a key component required for CO formation, interacts with other pro-CO factors, MSH-5 and ZHP-3, via its N-terminal disordered region. Point mutations that impair these interactions do not affect CO designation, but they strongly hinder the accumulation of COSA-1 at CO-designated sites and result in defective CO formation. These defects can be partially bypassed by artificially tethering an interaction-compromised COSA-1 derivate to ZHP-3. Furthermore, we revealed that the accumulation of COSA-1 into distinct foci is required to assemble functional 'recombination nodules'. These prevent early CO-designated recombination intermediates from being dismantled by the RTEL-1 helicase and protect late recombination intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, until they are resolved by CO-specific resolvases. Altogether, our findings provide insight into COSA-1 mediated pro-CO complex assembly and its contribution to CO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Guoteng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wencong Nan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Non-food Biomass and Enzyme Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Anton Gartner
- Institute for Basic Sciences Center for Genomic Integrity, Graduate School for Health Sciences and Technology and Department for Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ye Hong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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3
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Osei B, May BH, Stiefel CM, West KL, Zafar MK, Thompson MD, Bergstrom E, Leung JW, Enemark EJ, Byrd AK. Rare SNP in the HELB gene interferes with RPA interaction and cellular function of HELB. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.582415. [PMID: 38464108 PMCID: PMC10925333 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.582415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
HELB is a human helicase involved in initiation of DNA replication, the replication stress response, and regulation of double-strand DNA break repair. rs75770066 is a rare SNP in the HELB gene that affects age at natural menopause. rs75770066 results in a D506G substitution in an acidic patch within the 1A domain of the helicase that is known to interact with RPA. We found that this amino acid change dramatically impairs the cellular function of HELB. D506G-HELB exhibits impaired interaction with RPA, which likely results in the effects of rs75770066 as this reduces recruitment of HELB to sites of DNA damage. Reduced recruitment of D506G-HELB to double-strand DNA breaks and the concomitant increase in homologous recombination likely alters the levels of meiotic recombination, which affects the viability of gametes. Because menopause occurs when oocyte levels drop below a minimum threshold, altered repair of meiotic double-stranded DNA breaks has the potential to directly affect the age at natural menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha Osei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Benjamin H. May
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Clara M. Stiefel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Kirk L. West
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Maroof Khan Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Matthew D. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Erik Bergstrom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, 72205, USA
| | - Justin W. Leung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, 78229, USA
| | - Eric J. Enemark
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
| | - Alicia K. Byrd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72205, USA
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4
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Castellani M, Zhang M, Thangavel G, Mata-Sucre Y, Lux T, Campoy JA, Marek M, Huettel B, Sun H, Mayer KFX, Schneeberger K, Marques A. Meiotic recombination dynamics in plants with repeat-based holocentromeres shed light on the primary drivers of crossover patterning. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:423-438. [PMID: 38337039 PMCID: PMC10954556 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Centromeres strongly affect (epi)genomic architecture and meiotic recombination dynamics, influencing the overall distribution and frequency of crossovers. Here we show how recombination is regulated and distributed in the holocentric plant Rhynchospora breviuscula, a species with diffused centromeres. Combining immunocytochemistry, chromatin analysis and high-throughput single-pollen sequencing, we discovered that crossover frequency is distally biased, in sharp contrast to the diffused distribution of hundreds of centromeric units and (epi)genomic features. Remarkably, we found that crossovers were abolished inside centromeric units but not in their proximity, indicating the absence of a canonical centromere effect. We further propose that telomere-led synapsis of homologues is the feature that best explains the observed recombination landscape. Our results hint at the primary influence of mechanistic features of meiotic pairing and synapsis rather than (epi)genomic features and centromere organization in determining the distally biased crossover distribution in R. breviuscula, whereas centromeres and (epi)genetic properties only affect crossover positioning locally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castellani
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gokilavani Thangavel
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yennifer Mata-Sucre
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Laboratory of Plant Cytogenetics and Evolution, Department of Botany, Centre of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thomas Lux
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - José A Campoy
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pomology, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei (EEAD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Magdalena Marek
- Max Planck Genome-Centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bruno Huettel
- Max Planck Genome-Centre Cologne, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hequan Sun
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Klaus F X Mayer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Korbinian Schneeberger
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - André Marques
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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5
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Shin N, Lascarez-Lagunas LI, Henderson AL, Martínez-García M, Karthikraj R, Barrera V, Sui SH, Kannan K, Colaiácovo MP. Altered gene expression linked to germline dysfunction following exposure of Caenorhabditis elegans to DEET. iScience 2024; 27:108699. [PMID: 38299026 PMCID: PMC10829882 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) is a commonly used synthetic insect repellent. Although the neurological effects of DEET have been widely investigated, its effects on the germline are less understood. Here, we show that exposure of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is highly predictive of mammalian reprotoxicity, resulting in internal DEET levels within the range detected in human biological samples, causes activation of p53/CEP-1-dependent germ cell apoptosis, altered meiotic recombination, chromosome abnormalities, and missegregation. RNA-sequencing analysis links DEET-induced alterations in the expression of genes related to redox processes and chromatin structure to reduced mitochondrial function, impaired DNA double-strand break repair progression, and defects during early embryogenesis. We propose that Caenorhabditis elegans exposure to DEET interferes with gene expression, leading to increased oxidative stress and altered chromatin structure, resulting in germline effects that pose a risk to reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Shin
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Ayana L. Henderson
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marina Martínez-García
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Mónica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Predicting recombination frequency from map distance. Heredity (Edinb) 2023; 130:114-121. [PMID: 36566319 PMCID: PMC9981558 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Map distance is one of the key measures in genetics and indicates the expected number of crossovers between two loci. Map distance is estimated from the observed recombination frequency using mapping functions, the most widely used of those, Haldane and Kosambi, being developed at the time when the number of markers was low and unobserved crossovers had a substantial effect on the recombination fractions. In contemporary high-density marker data, the probability of multiple crossovers between adjacent loci is negligible and different mapping functions yield the same result, that is, the recombination frequency between adjacent loci is equal to the map distance in Morgans. However, high-density linkage maps contain an interpretation problem: the map distance over a long interval is additive and its association with recombination frequency is not defined. Here, we demonstrate with high-density linkage maps from humans and stickleback fishes that the inverses of Haldane's and Kosambi's mapping functions systematically underpredict recombination frequencies from map distance. To remedy this, we formulate a piecewise function that yields more accurate predictions of recombination frequency from map distance. Our results demonstrate that the association between map distance and recombination frequency is context-dependent and without a universal solution.
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7
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ZYG-9ch-TOG promotes the stability of acentrosomal poles via regulation of spindle microtubules in C. elegans oocyte meiosis. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010489. [PMID: 36449516 PMCID: PMC9757581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, centrosomes serve as microtubule organizing centers that guide the formation of a bipolar spindle. However, oocytes of many species lack centrosomes; how meiotic spindles establish and maintain these acentrosomal poles remains poorly understood. Here, we show that the microtubule polymerase ZYG-9ch-TOG is required to maintain acentrosomal pole integrity in C. elegans oocyte meiosis. We exploited the auxin inducible degradation system to remove ZYG-9 from pre-formed spindles within minutes; this caused the poles to split apart and an unstable multipolar structure to form. Depletion of TAC-1, a protein known to interact with ZYG-9 in mitosis, caused loss of proper ZYG-9 localization and similar spindle phenotypes, further demonstrating that ZYG-9 is required for pole integrity. However, depletion of ZYG-9 or TAC-1 surprisingly did not affect the assembly or stability of monopolar spindles, suggesting that these proteins are not required for acentrosomal pole structure per se. Moreover, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) revealed that ZYG-9 turns over rapidly at acentrosomal poles, displaying similar turnover dynamics to tubulin itself, suggesting that ZYG-9 does not play a static structural role at poles. Together, these data support a global role for ZYG-9 in regulating the stability of bipolar spindles and demonstrate that the maintenance of acentrosomal poles requires factors beyond those acting to organize the pole structure itself.
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8
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Horton HH, Divekar NS, Wignall SM. Newfound features of meiotic chromosome organization that promote efficient congression and segregation in Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:br25. [PMID: 36222840 PMCID: PMC9727786 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-07-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although end-on microtubule-kinetochore attachments typically drive chromosome alignment, Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes do not form these connections. Instead, microtubule bundles run laterally alongside chromosomes and a ring-shaped protein complex facilitates congression (the "ring complex", RC). Here, we report new aspects of RC and chromosome structure that are required for congression and segregation. First, we found that in addition to encircling the outside of each homologous chromosome pair (bivalent), the RC also forms internal subloops that wrap around the domains where cohesion is lost during the first meiotic division; cohesin removal could therefore disengage these subloops in anaphase, enabling RC removal from chromosomes. Additionally, we discovered new features of chromosome organization that facilitate congression. Analysis of a mutant that forms bivalents with a fragile, unresolved homolog interface revealed that these bivalents are usually able to biorient on the spindle, with lateral microtubule bundles running alongside them and constraining the chromosome arms so that the two homologs are pointed to opposite spindle poles. This biorientation facilitates congression, as monooriented bivalents exhibited reduced polar ejection forces that resulted in congression defects. Thus, despite not forming end-on attachments, chromosome biorientation promotes congression in C. elegans oocytes. Our work therefore reveals novel features of chromosome organization in oocytes and highlights the importance of proper chromosome structure for faithful segregation during meiotic divisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah H. Horton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Nikita S. Divekar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Sarah M. Wignall
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208,*Address correspondence to: Sarah M. Wignall ()
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9
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Sen S, Dodamani A, Nambiar M. Emerging mechanisms and roles of meiotic crossover repression at centromeres. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 151:155-190. [PMID: 36681469 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Crossover events during recombination in meiosis are essential for generating genetic diversity as well as crucial to allow accurate chromosomal segregation between homologous chromosomes. Spatial control for the distribution of crossover events along the chromosomes is largely a tightly regulated process and involves many facets such as interference, repression as well as assurance, to make sure that not too many or too few crossovers are generated. Repression of crossover events at the centromeres is a highly conserved process across all species tested. Failure to inhibit such recombination events can result in chromosomal mis-segregation during meiosis resulting in aneuploid gametes that are responsible for infertility or developmental disorders such as Down's syndrome and other trisomies in humans. In the past few decades, studies to understand the molecular mechanisms behind this repression have shown the involvement of a multitude of factors ranging from the centromere-specific proteins such as the kinetochore to the flanking pericentric heterochromatin as well as DNA double-strand break repair pathways. In this chapter, we review the different mechanisms of pericentric repression mechanisms known till date as well as highlight the importance of understanding this regulation in the context of chromosomal segregation defects. We also discuss the clinical implications of dysregulation of this process, especially in human reproductive health and genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Sen
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Ananya Dodamani
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Mridula Nambiar
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India.
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10
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Raina VB, Schoot Uiterkamp M, Vader G. Checkpoint control in meiotic prophase: Idiosyncratic demands require unique characteristics. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 151:281-315. [PMID: 36681474 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chromosomal transactions such as replication, recombination and segregation are monitored by cell cycle checkpoint cascades. These checkpoints ensure the proper execution of processes that are needed for faithful genome inheritance from one cell to the next, and across generations. In meiotic prophase, a specialized checkpoint monitors defining events of meiosis: programmed DNA break formation, followed by dedicated repair through recombination based on interhomolog (IH) crossovers. This checkpoint shares molecular characteristics with canonical DNA damage checkpoints active during somatic cell cycles. However, idiosyncratic requirements of meiotic prophase have introduced unique features in this signaling cascade. In this review, we discuss the unique features of the meiotic prophase checkpoint. While being related to canonical DNA damage checkpoint cascades, the meiotic prophase checkpoint also shows similarities with the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that guards chromosome segregation. We highlight these emerging similarities in the signaling logic of the checkpoints that govern meiotic prophase and chromosome segregation, and how thinking of these similarities can help us better understand meiotic prophase control. We also discuss work showing that, when aberrantly expressed, components of the meiotic prophase checkpoint might alter DNA repair fidelity and chromosome segregation in cancer cells. Considering checkpoint function in light of demands imposed by the special characteristics of meiotic prophase helps us understand checkpoint integration into the meiotic cell cycle machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek B Raina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Maud Schoot Uiterkamp
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben Vader
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Section of Oncogenetics, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Cavin-Meza G, Kwan MM, Wignall SM. Multiple motors cooperate to establish and maintain acentrosomal spindle bipolarity in elegans oocyte meiosis. eLife 2022; 11:72872. [PMID: 35147496 PMCID: PMC8963883 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While centrosomes organize spindle poles during mitosis, oocyte meiosis can occur in their absence. Spindles in human oocytes frequently fail to maintain bipolarity and consequently undergo chromosome segregation errors, making it important to understand the mechanisms that promote acentrosomal spindle stability. To this end, we have optimized the auxin-inducible degron system in Caenorhabditis elegans to remove the factors from pre-formed oocyte spindles within minutes and assess the effects on spindle structure. This approach revealed that dynein is required to maintain the integrity of acentrosomal poles; removal of dynein from bipolar spindles caused pole splaying, and when coupled with a monopolar spindle induced by depletion of the kinesin-12 motor KLP-18, dynein depletion led to a complete dissolution of the monopole. Surprisingly, we went on to discover that following monopole disruption, individual chromosomes were able to reorganize local microtubules and re-establish a miniature bipolar spindle that mediated chromosome segregation. This revealed the existence of redundant microtubule sorting forces that are undetectable when KLP-18 and dynein are active. We found that the kinesin-5 family motor BMK-1 provides this force, uncovering the first evidence that kinesin-5 contributes to C. elegans meiotic spindle organization. Altogether, our studies have revealed how multiple motors are working synchronously to establish and maintain bipolarity in the absence of centrosomes. Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that produces the gametes required for sexual reproduction, such as egg and sperm cells. Before the cell splits, it copies its genome so that it has four sets of chromosomes. Genetic information is then shuffled between the chromosomes, and the cell undergoes two rounds of division, resulting in four gametes that are genetically distinct. Prior to division, the duplicated chromosomes are separated by rope-like protein polymers called microtubules. In most cells, structures called centrosomes organize these fibers into a spindle shape that emanates from two ‘poles’ on opposite ends of the cell: the microtubules then attach to the chromosomes and pull them apart. Despite not having centrosomes, egg cells, or ‘oocytes’, are still able to arrange their microtubules into a similar bipolar shape. However, how oocytes form these ‘acentrosomal’ spindles is poorly understood. Centrosomes do not organize the spindle alone, and receive help from various motor proteins such as dynein. Previous work showed that dynein is involved in arranging acentrosomal poles, but it was not known if it was required to hold the poles together after they initially formed. To investigate, Cavin-Meza et al. developed a strategy that can rapidly remove dynein from oocytes of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. The experiment showed that dynein is required both to assemble and stabilize acentrosomal spindles in C. elegans. When dynein and an additional motor protein, KLP-18, were both removed from oocytes simultaneously, the poles blew apart, completely disrupting spindle organization. Surprisingly, Cavin-Meza et al. found that the spindles were able to reform and separate the chromosomes. Further probing revealed, for the first time, that a third motor protein (called BMK-1) also helps to organize the spindle into its bipolar structure. These findings reveal the important role motor proteins play in stabilizing spindles and separating chromosomes in oocytes. Meiosis is prone to mistakes, and these errors are a major cause of miscarriages and birth defects in humans. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of how oocyte spindles form and remain stable could shed light on why chromosomes sometimes fail to segregate. This may eventually lead to new strategies for combating infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cavin-Meza
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Michelle M Kwan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Sarah Marie Wignall
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
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12
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Dukić M, Bomblies K. Male and female recombination landscapes of diploid Arabidopsis arenosa. Genetics 2022; 220:6499271. [PMID: 35100396 PMCID: PMC8893250 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The number and placement of meiotic crossover events during meiosis have important implications for the fidelity of chromosome segregation as well as patterns of inheritance. Despite the functional importance of recombination, recombination landscapes vary widely among and within species, and this can have a strong impact on evolutionary processes. A good knowledge of recombination landscapes is important for model systems in evolutionary and ecological genetics, since it can improve interpretation of genomic patterns of differentiation and genome evolution, and provides an important starting point for understanding the causes and consequences of recombination rate variation. Arabidopsis arenosa is a powerful evolutionary genetic model for studying the molecular basis of adaptation and recombination rate evolution. Here, we generate genetic maps for 2 diploid A. arenosa individuals from distinct genetic lineages where we have prior knowledge that meiotic genes show evidence of selection. We complement the genetic maps with cytological approaches to map and quantify recombination rates, and test the idea that these populations might have distinct patterns of recombination. We explore how recombination differs at the level of populations, individuals, sexes and genomic regions. We show that the positioning of crossovers along a chromosome correlates with their number, presumably a consequence of crossover interference, and discuss how this effect can cause differences in recombination landscape among sexes or species. We identify several instances of female segregation distortion. We found that averaged genome-wide recombination rate is lower and sex differences subtler in A. arenosa than in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinela Dukić
- Department of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten Bomblies
- Department of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
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13
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Zedek F, Veselý P, Tichý L, Elliott TL, Garbolino E, de Ruffray P, Bureš P. Holocentric plants are more competitive under higher UV-B doses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:15-21. [PMID: 34547106 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- František Zedek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veselý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Tichý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tammy L Elliott
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Emmanuel Garbolino
- Climpact Data Science (CDS), Nova Sophia - Regus Nova, 291 rue Albert Caquot, CS 40095, 06902, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Patrice de Ruffray
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes-CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12, rue du Général-Zimmer, F-67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Petr Bureš
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Liu Y, Zhao Q, Nie H, Zhang F, Fu T, Zhang Z, Qi F, Wang R, Zhou J, Gao J. SYP-5 regulates meiotic thermotolerance in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:662-675. [PMID: 34081106 PMCID: PMC8648394 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis produces the haploid gametes required by all sexually reproducing organisms, occurring in specific temperature ranges in different organisms. However, how meiotic thermotolerance is regulated remains largely unknown. Using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, here, we identified the synaptonemal complex (SC) protein SYP-5 as a critical regulator of meiotic thermotolerance. syp-5-null mutants maintained a high percentage of viable progeny at 20°C but produced significantly fewer viable progeny at 25°C, a permissive temperature in wild-type worms. Cytological analysis of meiotic events in the mutants revealed that while SC assembly and disassembly, as well as DNA double-strand break repair kinetics, were not affected by the elevated temperature, crossover designation, and bivalent formation were significantly affected. More severe homolog segregation errors were also observed at elevated temperature. A temperature switching assay revealed that late meiotic prophase events were not temperature-sensitive and that meiotic defects during pachytene stage were responsible for the reduced viability of syp-5 mutants at the elevated temperature. Moreover, SC polycomplex formation and hexanediol sensitivity analysis suggested that SYP-5 was required for the normal properties of the SC, and charge-interacting elements in SC components were involved in regulating meiotic thermotolerance. Together, these findings provide a novel molecular mechanism for meiotic thermotolerance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hui Nie
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Fengguo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Feifei Qi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ruoxi Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jinmin Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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15
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Rillo-Bohn R, Adilardi R, Mitros T, Avşaroğlu B, Stevens L, Köhler S, Bayes J, Wang C, Lin S, Baskevitch KA, Rokhsar DS, Dernburg AF. Analysis of meiosis in Pristionchus pacificus reveals plasticity in homolog pairing and synapsis in the nematode lineage. eLife 2021; 10:70990. [PMID: 34427184 PMCID: PMC8455136 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is conserved across eukaryotes yet varies in the details of its execution. Here we describe a new comparative model system for molecular analysis of meiosis, the nematode Pristionchus pacificus, a distant relative of the widely studied model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. P. pacificus shares many anatomical and other features that facilitate analysis of meiosis in C. elegans. However, while C. elegans has lost the meiosis-specific recombinase Dmc1 and evolved a recombination-independent mechanism to synapse its chromosomes, P. pacificus expresses both DMC-1 and RAD-51. We find that SPO-11 and DMC-1 are required for stable homolog pairing, synapsis, and crossover formation, while RAD-51 is dispensable for these key meiotic processes. RAD-51 and DMC-1 localize sequentially to chromosomes during meiotic prophase and show nonoverlapping functions. We also present a new genetic map for P. pacificus that reveals a crossover landscape very similar to that of C. elegans, despite marked divergence in the regulation of synapsis and crossing-over between these lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Rillo-Bohn
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Renzo Adilardi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Therese Mitros
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Barış Avşaroğlu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Lewis Stevens
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Darwin Tree of Life Project, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Köhler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Joshua Bayes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Clara Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Sabrina Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - K Alienor Baskevitch
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States
| | - Daniel S Rokhsar
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, United States.,Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Japan.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, United States
| | - Abby F Dernburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, United States.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, United States.,California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, United States
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16
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Pazhayam NM, Turcotte CA, Sekelsky J. Meiotic Crossover Patterning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681123. [PMID: 34368131 PMCID: PMC8344875 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper number and placement of meiotic crossovers is vital to chromosome segregation, with failures in normal crossover distribution often resulting in aneuploidy and infertility. Meiotic crossovers are formed via homologous repair of programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs). Although DSBs occur throughout the genome, crossover placement is intricately patterned, as observed first in early genetic studies by Muller and Sturtevant. Three types of patterning events have been identified. Interference, first described by Sturtevant in 1915, is a phenomenon in which crossovers on the same chromosome do not occur near one another. Assurance, initially identified by Owen in 1949, describes the phenomenon in which a minimum of one crossover is formed per chromosome pair. Suppression, first observed by Beadle in 1932, dictates that crossovers do not occur in regions surrounding the centromere and telomeres. The mechanisms behind crossover patterning remain largely unknown, and key players appear to act at all scales, from the DNA level to inter-chromosome interactions. There is also considerable overlap between the known players that drive each patterning phenomenon. In this review we discuss the history of studies of crossover patterning, developments in methods used in the field, and our current understanding of the interplay between patterning phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nila M. Pazhayam
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Turcotte
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jeff Sekelsky
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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17
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Abstract
The formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes is key to sexual reproduction. In most species, crossovers are spaced further apart than would be expected if they formed independently, a phenomenon termed crossover interference. Despite more than a century of study, the molecular mechanisms implementing crossover interference remain a subject of active debate. Recent findings of how signaling proteins control the formation of crossovers and about the interchromosomal interface in which crossovers form offer new insights into this process. In this Review, we present a cell biological and biophysical perspective on crossover interference, summarizing the evidence that links interference to the spatial, dynamic, mechanical and molecular properties of meiotic chromosomes. We synthesize this physical understanding in the context of prevailing mechanistic models that aim to explain how crossover interference is implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexy von Diezmann
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ofer Rog
- Center for Cell and Genome Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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18
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Divekar NS, Davis-Roca AC, Zhang L, Dernburg AF, Wignall SM. A degron-based strategy reveals new insights into Aurora B function in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009567. [PMID: 34014923 PMCID: PMC8172070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The widely conserved kinase Aurora B regulates important events during cell division. Surprisingly, recent work has uncovered a few functions of Aurora-family kinases that do not require kinase activity. Thus, understanding this important class of cell cycle regulators will require strategies to distinguish kinase-dependent from independent functions. Here, we address this need in C. elegans by combining germline-specific, auxin-induced Aurora B (AIR-2) degradation with the transgenic expression of kinase-inactive AIR-2. Through this approach, we find that kinase activity is essential for AIR-2’s major meiotic functions and also for mitotic chromosome segregation. Moreover, our analysis revealed insight into the assembly of the ring complex (RC), a structure that is essential for chromosome congression in C. elegans oocytes. AIR-2 localizes to chromosomes and recruits other components to form the RC. However, we found that while kinase-dead AIR-2 could load onto chromosomes, other components were not recruited. This failure in RC assembly appeared to be due to a loss of RC SUMOylation, suggesting that there is crosstalk between SUMOylation and phosphorylation in building the RC and implicating AIR-2 in regulating the SUMO pathway in oocytes. Similar conditional depletion approaches may reveal new insights into other cell cycle regulators. During cell division, chromosomes must be accurately partitioned to ensure the proper distribution of genetic material. In mitosis, chromosomes are duplicated once and then divided once, generating daughter cells with the same amount of genetic material as the original cell. Conversely, during meiosis chromosomes are duplicated once and divided twice, to cut the chromosome number in half to generate eggs and sperm. One important protein that is required for both mitotic and meiotic chromosome segregation is the kinase Aurora B, which phosphorylates a variety of other cell division proteins. However, previous research has shown that some kinases have functions that are independent of their ability to phosphorylate other proteins. Thus, fully understanding how Aurora B regulates cell division requires methods to test whether its various functions require kinase activity. We designed and implemented such a strategy in the model organism C. elegans, by depleting Aurora B from meiotically and mitotically-dividing cells, leaving in place a kinase-inactive version. This work has lent insight into how Aurora B regulates cell division in C. elegans, and also serves as a proof of principle for our approach, which can now be applied to study other essential cell division kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S. Divekar
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amanda C. Davis-Roca
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Abby F. Dernburg
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Wignall
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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Abstract
Cathleen Lake and Scott Hawley discuss the components, assembly and functional importance of the synaptonemal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathleen M Lake
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - R Scott Hawley
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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20
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Li Q, Hariri S, Engebrecht J. Meiotic Double-Strand Break Processing and Crossover Patterning Are Regulated in a Sex-Specific Manner by BRCA1-BARD1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics 2020; 216:359-379. [PMID: 32796008 PMCID: PMC7536853 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.120.303292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is regulated in a sex-specific manner to produce two distinct gametes, sperm and oocytes, for sexual reproduction. To determine how meiotic recombination is regulated in spermatogenesis, we analyzed the meiotic phenotypes of mutants in the tumor suppressor E3 ubiquitin ligase BRC-1-BRD-1 complex in Caenorhabditis elegans male meiosis. Unlike in mammals, this complex is not required for meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, the process whereby hemizygous sex chromosomes are transcriptionally silenced. Interestingly, brc-1 and brd-1 mutants show meiotic recombination phenotypes that are largely opposing to those previously reported for female meiosis. Fewer meiotic recombination intermediates marked by the recombinase RAD-51 were observed in brc-1 and brd-1 mutants, and the reduction in RAD-51 foci could be suppressed by mutation of nonhomologous-end-joining proteins. Analysis of GFP::RPA-1 revealed fewer foci in the brc-1brd-1 mutant and concentration of BRC-1-BRD-1 to sites of meiotic recombination was dependent on DNA end resection, suggesting that the complex regulates the processing of meiotic double-strand breaks to promote repair by homologous recombination. Further, BRC-1-BRD-1 is important to promote progeny viability when male meiosis is perturbed by mutations that block the pairing and synapsis of different chromosome pairs, although the complex is not required to stabilize the RAD-51 filament as in female meiosis under the same conditions. Analyses of crossover designation and formation revealed that BRC-1-BRD-1 inhibits supernumerary COs when meiosis is perturbed. Together, our findings suggest that BRC-1-BRD-1 regulates different aspects of meiotic recombination in male and female meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Sara Hariri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - JoAnne Engebrecht
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, and Biochemistry, Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, California 95616
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