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Ludolf F, Ramos FF, Coelho EAF. Immunoproteomics and phage display in the context of leishmaniasis complexity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112894. [PMID: 36845148 PMCID: PMC9946295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is defined as a complex of diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, which comprises 20 parasite species pathogenic to mammalians, such as humans and dogs. From a clinical point of view, and considering the diversity and biological complexity of the parasites, vectors, and vertebrate hosts, leishmaniasis is classified according to the distinct clinical manifestations, such as tegumentary (involving the cutaneous, mucosal, and cutaneous-diffuse forms) and visceral leishmaniasis. Many issues and challenges remain unaddressed, which could be attributed to the complexity and diversity of the disease. The current demand for the identification of new Leishmania antigenic targets for the development of multicomponent-based vaccines, as well as for the production of specific diagnostic tests, is evident. In recent years, biotechnological tools have allowed the identification of several Leishmania biomarkers that might potentially be used for diagnosis and have an application in vaccine development. In this Mini Review, we discuss the different aspects of this complex disease that have been addressed by technologies such as immunoproteomics and phage display. It is extremely important to be aware of the potential applications of antigens selected in different screening context, so that they can be used appropriately, so understanding their performance, characteristics, and self-limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ludolf
- 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,*Correspondence: Fernanda Ludolf,
| | - Fernanda F. Ramos
- 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A. F. Coelho
- 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil,2Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Colégio Técnico (COLTEC), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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2
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An insight into differential protein abundance throughout Leishmania donovani promastigote growth and differentiation. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:25-42. [PMID: 35930160 PMCID: PMC9362617 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania donovani causes anthroponotic visceral leishmaniasis, responsible for about 50,000 annual deaths worldwide. Current therapies have considerable side effects. Drug resistance has been reported and no vaccine is available nowadays. The development of undifferentiated promastigotes in the sand fly vector's gut leads to the promastigote form that is highly infective to the mammalian host. Fully differentiated promastigotes play a crucial role in the initial stages of mammalian host infection before internalization in the host phagocytic cell. Therefore, the study of protein levels in the promastigote stage is relevant for disease control, and proteomics analysis is an ideal source of vaccine candidate discovery. This study aims to get insight into the protein levels during the differentiation process of promastigotes by 2DE-MALDI-TOF/TOF. This partial proteome analysis has led to the identification of 75 proteins increased in at least one of the L. donovani promastigote differentiation and growth phases. This study has revealed the differential abundance of said proteins during growth and differentiation. According to previous studies, some are directly involved in parasite survival or are immunostimulatory. The parasite survival-related proteins are ascorbate peroxidase; cystathionine β synthase; an elongation factor 1β paralog; elongation factor 2; endoribonuclease L-PSP; an iron superoxide dismutase paralog; GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase; several heat shock proteins-HSP70, HSP83-17, mHSP70-rel, HSP110; methylthioadenosine phosphorylase; two thiol-dependent reductase 1 paralogs; transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; and the AhpC thioredoxin paralog. The confirmed immunostimulatory proteins are the heat shock proteins, enolase, and protein kinase C receptor analog. The potential immunostimulatory molecules according to findings in patogenic bacteria are fructose-1,6-diphophate aldolase, dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α and E1β subunits, and triosephosphate isomerase. These proteins may become disease control candidates through future intra-vector control methods or vaccines.
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Whole Blood Stimulation Assay as a Treatment Outcome Monitoring Tool for VL Patients in Ethiopia: A Pilot Evaluation. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:8385672. [PMID: 32377538 PMCID: PMC7193677 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8385672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a lethal disease if left untreated. Current treatments produce variable rates of treatment failure and toxicity without sterile cure, rendering treatment efficacy monitoring essential. To avoid repeated invasive tissue aspirates as well as empirical treatment, there is a need for new tools that allow a less-invasive and early assessment of treatment efficacy in the field. Cross-sectional studies have suggested levels of cytokines/chemokines after whole blood stimulation as good markers of cure, but longitudinal studies are lacking. In this study, we followed 13 active VL cases in an endemic area in Ethiopia by measuring the production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10, IL-2, IL-10, MCP-1, and MIG before, during, and at the end of treatment. After 24 hours of stimulation of whole blood with soluble Leishmania antigen, we observed an early, robust, and incremental increase of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IP-10 levels in all patients during treatment. Moreover, based on the IFN-γ levels that showed an average 13-fold increase from the time of diagnosis until the end of treatment, we could almost perfectly discriminate active from cured status. Similar concentrations and patterns were found in stimulation assays with the two main Leishmania species. The levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, or TNF-α also seemed to be inversely associated with the parasite load at baseline. Despite a 1/10 drop in concentrations, similar patterns were observed in IFN-γ and IP-10 levels when dried plasma spots were stored at 4°C for an average of 225 days. All the above evidence suggests a detectable restoration of cell-mediated immunity in VL and its association with parasite clearance. With a potential application in rural settings by means of dried plasma spots, we recommend to further explore the early diagnostic value of such assays for treatment efficacy monitoring in large cohort studies including treatment failure cases.
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Ramírez L, de Moura LD, Mateus NLF, de Moraes MH, do Nascimento LFM, de Jesus Melo N, Taketa LB, Catecati T, Huete SG, Penichet K, Piranda EM, de Oliveira AG, Steindel M, Barral-Netto M, do Socorro Pires e Cruz M, Barral A, Soto M. Improving the serodiagnosis of canine Leishmania infantum infection in geographical areas of Brazil with different disease prevalence. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2020; 8:e00126. [PMID: 31832561 PMCID: PMC6890974 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serodiagnosis of Leishmania infantum infection in dogs relies on the detection of antibodies against leishmanial crude extracts or parasitic defined antigens. The expansion of canine leishmaniasis from geographical areas of Brazil in which the infection is endemic to regions in which the disease is emerging is occurring. This fact makes necessary the analysis of the serodiagnostic capabilities of different leishmanial preparations in distinct geographical locations. In this article sera from dogs infected with Leishmania and showing the clinical form of the disease, were collected in three distinct Brazilian States and were tested against soluble leishmanial antigens or seven parasite individual antigens produced as recombinant proteins. We show that the recognition of soluble leishmanial antigens by sera from these animals was influenced by the geographical location of the infected dogs. Efficacy of the diagnosis based on this crude parasite preparation was higher in newly endemic regions when compared with areas of high disease endemicity. We also show that the use of three of the recombinant proteins, namely parasite surface kinetoplastid membrane protein of 11 kDa (KMP-11), and two members of the P protein family (P2a and P0), can improve the degree of sensitivity without adversely affecting the specificity of the diagnostic assays for canine leishmaniasis, independently of the geographical area of residence. In addition, sera from dogs clinically healthy but infected were also assayed with some of the antigen preparations. We demonstrate that the use of these proteins can help to the serodiagnosis of Leishmania infected animals with subclinical infections. Finally, we propose a diagnostic protocol using a combination of KMP-11, P2a y P0, together with total leishmanial extracts.
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Key Words
- Antibodies
- BB, blocking buffer
- CanL, Canine visceral leishmaniasis
- Canine leishmaniasis
- EDCB, ELISA denaturant coating buffer
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HSP, Heat shock protein
- KMP-11, Kinetoplastid-membrane protein of 11 kDa
- LR, Likelihood ratio
- Leishmania
- MS, Mato Grosso do Sul State (Brazil)
- PBS, phosphate saline buffer
- PI, Piaui State (Brazil)
- ROC, Receiver Operating Characteristic
- RR, Relative reactivity
- RT, Room temperature
- Recombinant proteins
- SC, Santa Catarina State (Brazil)
- SLA, Soluble leishmanial antigen
- Serodiagnosis
- VL, Visceral leishmaniosis
- WB, Washing buffer
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramírez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luana Dias de Moura
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, 64049-550 PI, Brazil
| | - Natalia Lopes Fontoura Mateus
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, s/n, Campo Grande 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Milene Hoehr de Moraes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900 SC, Brazil
| | | | - Nailson de Jesus Melo
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piaui (UFPI), Teresina, 64049-550 PI, Brazil
| | - Lucas Bezerra Taketa
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, s/n, Campo Grande 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Catecati
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900 SC, Brazil
| | - Samuel G. Huete
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Penichet
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eliane Mattos Piranda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, s/n, Campo Grande 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Gutierrez de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Cidade Universitária, s/n, Campo Grande 79070-900 MS, Brazil
| | - Mario Steindel
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900 SC, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- FIOCRUZ). Waldemar Falcão, 121, Salvador 40296-710 BA, Brazil
| | | | - Aldina Barral
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz- FIOCRUZ). Waldemar Falcão, 121, Salvador 40296-710 BA, Brazil
| | - Manuel Soto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Lage DP, Tavares GSV, Mendonça DVC, Dias DS, Ribeiro PAF, Ludolf F, Costa LE, Coelho VTS, Coelho EAF. In silico Leishmania proteome mining applied to identify drug target potential to be used to treat against visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 87:89-97. [PMID: 30522092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic strategies against leishmaniasis are desirable, since the treatment against disease presents problems, such as the toxicity, high cost and/or parasite resistance. As consequence, new antileishmanial compounds are necessary to be identified, as presenting high activity against Leishmania, but low toxicity in mammalian hosts. In the present study, a Leishmania proteome mining strategy was developed, in order to select new drug targets with low homology to human proteins, but that are considered relevant for the parasite' survival. Results showed a hypothetical protein, which was functionally annotated as a glucosidase-like protein, as presenting such characteristics. This protein was associated with the metabolic network of the N-Glycan biosynthesis pathway in Leishmania, and two specific inhibitors - acarbose and miglitol - were predicted to be potential targets against it. In this context, miglitol [1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)piperidine-3,4,5-triol] was tested against stationary promastigotes and axenic amastigotes of the Leishmania amazonensis and L. infantum species, and results showed high values of antileishmanial inhibition against both parasite species. Miglitol showed also efficacy in the treatment of Leishmania-infected macrophages; thus denoting its potential use as an antileishmanial candidate. In conclusion, this work presents a new drug target identified by a proteome mining strategy associated with bioinformatics tools, and suggested its use as a possible candidate to be applied in the treatment against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Chávez-Fumagalli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela P Lage
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Grasiele S V Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora V C Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel S Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A F Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ludolf
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lourena E Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinicio T S Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A F Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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6
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Garde E, Ramírez L, Corvo L, Solana JC, Martín ME, González VM, Gómez-Nieto C, Barral A, Barral-Netto M, Requena JM, Iborra S, Soto M. Analysis of the Antigenic and Prophylactic Properties of the Leishmania Translation Initiation Factors eIF2 and eIF2B in Natural and Experimental Leishmaniasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:112. [PMID: 29675401 PMCID: PMC5895769 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Different members of intracellular protein families are recognized by the immune system of the vertebrate host infected by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Here, we have analyzed the antigenic and immunogenic properties of the Leishmania eIF2 and eIF2B translation initiation factors. An in silico search in Leishmania infantum sequence databases allowed the identification of the genes encoding the α, β, and γ subunits and the α, β, and δ subunits of the putative Leishmania orthologs of the eukaryotic initiation factors F2 (LieIF2) or F2B (LieIF2B), respectively. The antigenicity of these factors was analyzed by ELISA using recombinant versions of the different subunits. Antibodies against the different LieIF2 and LieIF2B subunits were found in the sera from human and canine visceral leishmaniasis patients, and also in the sera from hamsters experimentally infected with L. infantum. In L. infantum (BALB/c) and Leishmania major (BALB/c or C57BL/6) challenged mice, a moderate humoral response against these protein factors was detected. Remarkably, these proteins elicited an IL-10 production by splenocytes derived from infected mice independently of the Leishmania species employed for experimental challenge. When DNA vaccines based on the expression of the LieIF2 or LieIF2B subunit encoding genes were administered in mice, an antigen-specific secretion of IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines was observed. Furthermore, a partial protection against murine CL development due to L. major infection was generated in the vaccinated mice. Also, in this work we show that the LieIF2α subunit and the LieIF2Bβ and δ subunits have the capacity to stimulate IL-10 secretion by spleen cells from naïve mice. B-lymphocytes were identified as the major producers of this anti-inflammatory cytokine. Taking into account the data found in this study, it may be hypothesized that these proteins act as virulence factors implicated in the induction of humoral responses as well as in the production of the down-regulatory IL-10 cytokine, favoring a pathological outcome. Therefore, these proteins might be considered markers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Garde
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Corvo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - José C. Solana
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Elena Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor M. González
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Nieto
- Parasitology Unit, LeishmanCeres Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Aldina Barral
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - José M. Requena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute (imas12), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Salvador Iborra
| | - Manuel Soto
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Manuel Soto
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7
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Dias DS, Ribeiro PA, Martins VT, Lage DP, Ramos FF, Dias AL, Rodrigues MR, Portela ÁS, Costa LE, Caligiorne RB, Steiner BT, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Salles BC, Santos TT, Silveira JA, Magalhães-Soares DF, Roatt BM, Machado-de-Ávila RA, Duarte MC, Menezes-Souza D, Silva ES, Galdino AS, Coelho EA. Recombinant prohibitin protein of Leishmania infantum acts as a vaccine candidate and diagnostic marker against visceral leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2018; 323:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a conserved Leishmania hypothetical protein against visceral leishmaniasis. Parasitology 2017; 145:740-751. [PMID: 29113597 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182017001731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a Leishmania hypothetical protein, LiHyS, was evaluated regarding its antigenicity, immunogenicity and protective efficacy against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Regarding antigenicity, immunoblottings and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using human and canine sera showed high sensitivity and specificity values for the recombinant protein (rLiHyS) in the diagnosis of VL. When evaluating the immunogenicity of LiHyS, which is possibly located in the parasite's flagellar pocket, proliferative assays using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects or VL patients showed a high proliferative index in both individuals, when compared to the results obtained using rA2 or unstimulated cultures. Later, rLiHyS/saponin was inoculated in BALB/c mice, which were then challenged with Leishmania infantum promastigotes. The vaccine induced an interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-12 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production, which was maintained after infection and which was associated with high nitrite and IgG2a antibody levels, as well as low IL-4 and IL-10 production. Significant reductions in the parasite load in liver, spleen, bone marrow and draining lymph nodes were found in these animals. In this context, the present study shows that the rLiHyS has the capacity to be evaluated as a diagnostic marker or vaccine candidate against VL.
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An in silico functional annotation and screening of potential drug targets derived from Leishmania spp. hypothetical proteins identified by immunoproteomics. Exp Parasitol 2017; 176:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Identification of Immunoreactive Leishmania infantum Protein Antigens to Asymptomatic Dog Sera through Combined Immunoproteomics and Bioinformatics Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149894. [PMID: 26906226 PMCID: PMC4764335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania infantum is the etiologic agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in countries in the Mediterranean basin, where dogs are the domestic reservoirs and represent important elements in the transmission of the disease. Since the major focal areas of human VL exhibit a high prevalence of seropositive dogs, the control of canine VL could reduce the infection rate in humans. Efforts toward this have focused on the improvement of diagnostic tools, as well as on vaccine development. The identification of parasite antigens including suitable major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and/or II-restricted epitopes is very important since disease protection is characterized by strong and long-lasting CD8+ T and CD4+ Th1 cell-dominated immunity. In the present study, total protein extract from late-log phase L. infantum promastigotes was analyzed by two-dimensional western blots and probed with sera from asymptomatic and symptomatic dogs. A total of 42 protein spots were found to differentially react with IgG from asymptomatic dogs, while 17 of these identified by Coommasie stain were extracted and analyzed. Of these, 21 proteins were identified by mass spectrometry; they were mainly involved in metabolism and stress responses. An in silico analysis predicted that the chaperonin HSP60, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, enolase, cyclophilin 2, cyclophilin 40, and one hypothetical protein contain promiscuous MHCI and/or MHCII epitopes. Our results suggest that the combination of immunoproteomics and bioinformatics analyses is a promising method for the identification of novel candidate antigens for vaccine development or with potential use in the development of sensitive diagnostic tests.
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11
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Soto M, Corvo L, Garde E, Ramírez L, Iniesta V, Bonay P, Gómez-Nieto C, González VM, Martín ME, Alonso C, Coelho EAF, Barral A, Barral-Netto M, Iborra S. Coadministration of the Three Antigenic Leishmania infantum Poly (A) Binding Proteins as a DNA Vaccine Induces Protection against Leishmania major Infection in BALB/c Mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003751. [PMID: 25955652 PMCID: PMC4425485 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly conserved intracellular proteins from Leishmania have been described as antigens in natural and experimental infected mammals. The present study aimed to evaluate the antigenicity and prophylactic properties of the Leishmania infantum Poly (A) binding proteins (LiPABPs). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Three different members of the LiPABP family have been described. Recombinant tools based on these proteins were constructed: recombinant proteins and DNA vaccines. The three recombinant proteins were employed for coating ELISA plates. Sera from human and canine patients of visceral leishmaniasis and human patients of mucosal leishmaniasis recognized the three LiPABPs. In addition, the protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine based on the combination of the three Leishmania PABPs has been tested in a model of progressive murine leishmaniasis: BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania major. The induction of a Th1-like response against the LiPABP family by genetic vaccination was able to down-regulate the IL-10 predominant responses elicited by parasite LiPABPs after infection in this murine model. This modulation resulted in a partial protection against L. major infection. LiPABP vaccinated mice showed a reduction on the pathology that was accompanied by a decrease in parasite burdens, in antibody titers against Leishmania antigens and in the IL-4 and IL-10 parasite-specific mediated responses in comparison to control mice groups immunized with saline or with the non-recombinant plasmid. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The results presented here demonstrate for the first time the prophylactic properties of a new family of Leishmania antigenic intracellular proteins, the LiPABPs. The redirection of the immune response elicited against the LiPABP family (from IL-10 towards IFN-γ mediated responses) by genetic vaccination was able to induce a partial protection against the development of the disease in a highly susceptible murine model of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Soto
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MS); (SI)
| | - Laura Corvo
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Garde
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ramírez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Iniesta
- LeishmanCeres Laboratory (GLP Compliance Certified), Parasitology Unit. Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro Bonay
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gómez-Nieto
- LeishmanCeres Laboratory (GLP Compliance Certified), Parasitology Unit. Veterinary Faculty, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Víctor M. González
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Elena Martín
- Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alonso
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo A. F. Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, COLTEC, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aldina Barral
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Manoel Barral-Netto
- Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Salvador Iborra
- Immunobiology of Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Vascular Biology and Inflammation, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (MS); (SI)
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Nico D, Feijó DF, Maran N, Morrot A, Scharfstein J, Palatnik M, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB. Resistance to visceral leishmaniasis is severely compromised in mice deficient of bradykinin B2-receptors. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:261. [PMID: 23151408 PMCID: PMC3514163 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kinins liberated from plasma-borne kininogens, are potent innate stimulatory signals. We evaluated whether resistance to infection by Leishmania (L.) chagasi depends on activation of G-protein coupled bradykinin B2 receptors (B2R). FINDINGS B2R⁻/⁻ C57BL/6 knock-out (KOB2) and B2R⁺/⁺ C57BL/6-wild type control mice (C57) were infected with amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Thirty days after infection, the KOB2 mice showed 14% and 32% relative increases of liver (p< 0.017) and spleen weights (p<0.050), respectively, whereas liver parasite load increased 65% (p< 0.011) in relation to wild type mice. The relative weight increases of liver and spleen and the parasite load were positively correlated (R = 0.6911; p< 0.007 to R = 0.7629; p< 0.001, respectively). Conversely, we found a negative correlation between the increased liver relative weight and the weakened DTH response (a strong correlate to protection or natural resistance to VL) or the decreased levels of IgG2b antibodies to leishmanial antigen. Finally, we also found that IFN-γ secretion by splenocytes, an adaptive response that was significantly decreased in KOB2 mice (p< 0.002), was (i) negatively correlated to the increase in liver LDU (R = -0.6684; p = 0.035) and liver/body relative weight (R = -0.6946; p = 0.026) and (ii) positively correlated to serum IgG2b levels (R = 0.8817; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS We found that mice lacking B2R display increased susceptibility to the infection by Leishmania (L.) chagasi. Our findings suggest that activation of the bradykinin/B2R pathway contributes to development of host resistance to visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirlei Nico
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Avda Carlos Chagas 373, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Caixa Postal 68040, Brazil
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