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Expression of Concern: Molecular Characterization of Severin from Clonorchis sinensis Excretory/Secretory Products and Its Potential Anti-apoptotic Role in Hepatocarcinoma PLC Cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012043. [PMID: 38502634 PMCID: PMC10950209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
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Ni HH, Lu Z, Yang CL, Lv YT, Lu CX, Xiang BD. Clonorchis sinensis on the prognosis of patients with spontaneous rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011987. [PMID: 38381766 PMCID: PMC10911612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined the impact of the Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infection on the survival outcomes of spontaneous rupture Hepatocellular Carcinoma (srHCC) patients undergoing hepatectomy. METHODS Between May 2013 and December 2021, 157 consecutive srHCC patients who underwent hepatectomy were divided into an no C. sinensis group (n = 126) and C. sinensis group (n = 31). To adjust for differences in preoperative characteristics an inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was done, using propensity scores. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared before and after IPTW. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether the C. sinensis infection was an independent prognostic factor after IPTW. RESULTS In original cohort, the no C. sinensis group did not show a survival advantage over the C. sinensis group. After IPTW adjustment, the median OS for the C. sinensis group was 9 months, compared to 29 months for the no C. sinensis group. C. sinensis group have worse OS than no C. sinensis group (p = 0.024), while it did not differ in RFS(p = 0.065). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that C. sinensis infection and lower age were associated with worse OS. CONCLUSIONS The C. sinensis infection has an adverse impact on os in srHCC patients who underwent hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-Hang Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhongshan City People’s Hospital, Zhongshan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Xiu Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumors, Ministry of Education, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Lin Q, Tang Z, Qin Y, Deng X, Wei C, Liu F, Pan X, Liu D, Zhan T, Fang M. Clonorchis sinensis infection amplifies hepatocellular carcinoma stemness, predicting unfavorable prognosis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011906. [PMID: 38285640 PMCID: PMC10824460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive evidence links Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) to cholangiocarcinoma; however, its association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is less acknowledged, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the association between C. sinensis infection and HCC and reveal the relationship between C. sinensis infection and cancer stemness. METHODS A comprehensive analysis of 839 HCC patients categorized into C. sinensis (-) HCC and C. sinensis (+) HCC groups was conducted. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess the association between C. sinensis infection and clinical factors. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate survival outcomes. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine CK19 and EpCAM expression in HCC specimens. RESULTS Compared to C. sinensis (-) HCC patients, C. sinensis (+) HCC patients exhibited advanced Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, higher male prevalence and more liver cirrhosis as well as elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), eosinophil, complement 3 (C3), and complement 4 (C4) values. C. sinensis infection correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) (p < 0.05) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Cox multivariate analysis revealed that C. sinensis infection was an independent prognostic factor for OS in HCC patients. Importantly, C. sinensis infection upregulated the expression of HCC cancer stem cell markers CK19 and EpCAM. CONCLUSION HCC patients with C. sinensis infection exhibit a poor prognosis following hepatectomy. Moreover, C. sinensis infection promotes the acquisition of cancer stem cell-like characteristics, consequently accelerating the malignant progression of HCC. AUTHOR SUMMARY Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is a prominent food-borne parasite prevalent in regions such as China, particularly in Guangxi. C. sinensis has been associated with various hepatobiliary system injuries, encompassing inflammation, periductal fibrosis, cholangiocarcinoma and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A substantial body of evidence links C. sinensis to cholangiocarcinoma, However, the connection between C. sinensis and HCC and the intricate mechanisms underlying its contribution to HCC development remain incompletely elucidated. Our study demonstrates clear clinicopathological associations between C. sinensis and HCC, such as gender, BCLC stage, liver cirrhosis, MVI, AFP, CA19-9, circulating eosinophils and complements. Furthermore, we found that the co-occurrence of C. sinensis exhibited a significant association with shorter OS and RFS in patients diagnosed with HCC. A major finding was that C. sinensis infection promotes the acquisition of cancer stem cell-like characteristics, consequently accelerating the malignant progression of HCC. Our results provide a more comprehensive comprehension of the interplay between C. sinensis and HCC, shedding fresh light on the carcinogenic potential of C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiumei Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuling Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueling Deng
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caibiao Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengfei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dengyu Liu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingzheng Zhan
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center for Tissue & Organ Injury and Repair Medicine, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, People’s Republic of China
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Bian M, Li S, Zhou H, Bi L, Shen Y, Tingjin C, Yu X, Huang Y, Xu Q. ASPSCR-1 and Sirt-5 alleviate Clonorchis liver fluke rCsNOSIP-induced oxidative stress, proliferation, and migration in cholangiocarcinoma cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011727. [PMID: 37948465 PMCID: PMC10664913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clonorchiasis, caused by the infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is a kind of neglected tropical disease, but it is highly related to cholangiocarcinoma. It has been well known that NO from chronic inflammation responses are thought to be a major component of the damage and ultimate carcinogenesis ESPs such as nitric oxide synthase interacting protein (NOSIP) are thought to enhance the damage. The objective of this study was to identify the protein candidates interact with recombinant CsNOSIP (rCsNOSIP) and explore their role involved in CCA development or progression. METHODS We applied HuProt microarray containing 21,000 probe sets for a systematic identification of rCsNOSIP-binding proteins and grouped binding hits by gene function. Pull-down assays were used to confirm the interaction of rCsNOSIP with alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPSCR-1) and sirtuins 5 (Sirt-5). ASPSCR-1/Sirt-5 over-expression and siRNA knockdown experiments were employed for obtain of ASPSCR-1/Sirt-5 high or low expression (ASP-oe/Sirt5-oe or ASP-si/Sirt5-si) cholangiocarcinoma cell line (CCLP-1) cells. Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species assay (ROS) as well as cell proliferation and wound-healing assays were performed to observe the effect of rCsNOSIP on ASP-oe/Sirt5-oe or ASP-si/Sirt5-si CCLP-1 cells. RESULTS Seventy candidate proteins protein "hits" were detected as rCsNOSIP-binding proteins by HuProt microarray and bioinformatics analysis. Pull down assay showed that ASPSCR-1 and Sirt-5 could interact with rCsNOSIP. In addition, endotoxin-free-rCsNOSIP could increase the production of NO and ROS and promote the migration of CCLP-1 cells, while its effect on enhancing cell proliferation was not significant. Furthermore, ROS/NO production, proliferation, or migration were increased in ASP-si or Sirt5-si CCLP-1 cells but decreased in Asp-oe or Sirt5-oe CCLP-1 cells when stimulated with rCsNOSIP. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CsNOSIP as a component of CsESPs might promote the development and invasion of CCA and Sirt5/ ASPSCR1 as host molecules might play a novel protective role against adverse stimulus during C. sinensis infection. This work supports the idea that CsESPs induce the occurrence and progression of CCA through ROS/RNS-induced oxidative and nitrative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Bian
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor Marker Diagnosis, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hanzong Zhou
- The fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People’s Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun Bi
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Scineces, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Shen
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor Marker Diagnosis, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Tingjin
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Xu
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumor Marker Diagnosis, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
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Liu JQ, Wang J, Huang XL, Liang TY, Zhou X, Mo ST, Xie HX, Yang KJ, Zhu GZ, Su H, Liao XW, Long LL, Peng T. A radiomics model based on magnetic resonance imaging to predict cytokeratin 7/19 expression and liver fluke infection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17553. [PMID: 37845287 PMCID: PMC10579381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. HCC with liver fluke infection could harbor unique biological behaviors. This study was aimed at investigating radiomics features of HCC with liver fluke infection and establishing a model to predict the expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) as well as prognosis at the same time. A total of 134 HCC patients were included. Gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of all patients were acquired. Radiomics features of the tumor were extracted and then data dimensionality was reduced. The radiomics model was established to predict liver fluke infection and the radiomics score (Radscore) was calculated. There were 11 features in the four-phase combined model. The efficiency of the combined model increased significantly compared to each single-phase MRI model. Radscore was an independent predictor of liver fluke infection. It was also significantly different between different expression of CK7/ CK19. Meanwhile, liver fluke infection was associated with CK7/CK19 expression. A cut-off value was set up and all patients were divided into high risk and low risk groups of CK7/CK19 positive expression. Radscore was also an independent predictor of these two biomarkers. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence free survival (RFS) of negative liver fluke infection group were significantly better than the positive group. OS and RFS of negative CK7 and CK19 expression were also better, though not significantly. Positive liver fluke infection and CK19 expression prediction groups harbored significantly worse OS and RFS, survival of positive CK7 expression prediction was unsatisfying as well. A radiomics model was established to predict liver fluke infection among HCC patients. This model could also predict CK7 and CK19 expression. OS and RFS could be foreseen by this model at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia-Ling Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Yi Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Tian Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xiang Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke-Jian Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhi Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Wen Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ling Long
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Shuang Yong Rd. 6#, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention & Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.
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Li YK, Zhao JF, Yang CL, Zhan GH, Zhang J, Qin SD, Zhou M, Li MJ, Huang JT, Kong FY, Huang H, Chen JH, Xiang BD. Effects of Clonorchis sinensis combined with Hepatitis B virus infection on the prognosis of patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma following Hepatectomy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011012. [PMID: 36638133 PMCID: PMC9879467 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the impact of co-infection of Clonorchis sinensis (CS) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatectomy. METHODS The clinicopathological information of 946 patients with HCC following hepatectomy was retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into four groups depending on whether they had CS infection and/or HBV infection: double-negative group (infected with neither CS nor HBV), simple CS group (infected with only CS), simple HBV group (infected with only HBV), and double-positive group (co-infected with CS and HBV). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS), while log-rank tests were used to compare survival rates. Further, Cox regression was used to perform both univariate and multivariate survival analyses to identify variables linked to the prognosis of HCC. RESULTS The median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in the double-positive, simple CS, simple HBV, and double-negative groups were 27 months and 9 months, 20 months and 7 months, 44 months and 12 months, and 42 months and 17 months, respectively. The double-positive group's 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 79.2% and 46.9%, 62.6% and 28.4%, 47.8%, and 12.2%, respectively. The simple CS group's 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 86.3% and 41.5%, 56.5% and 27.7%, 50.2%, and 18.5%, respectively. The simple HBV group's 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 89.8% and 56.0%, 72.5% and 30.5%, 63.8%, and 19.9%, respectively. The double-negative group's 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year OS and RFS rates were 91.5% and 62.3%, 76.1% and 32.9%, 64.0%, and 22.4%, respectively. Further, according to a Cox multivariate analysis, tumor size (> 5cm), Edmonson grade (III-IV), BCLC-C stage, and tumor satellite focus were independent risk factors for RFS and OS in patients with HCC. CONCLUSION Patients with HCC and Clonorchis sinensis infection experience a poor prognosis after hepatectomy, regardless of whether they are co-infected with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Kuan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jing-Fei Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Cheng-Lei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Shang-Dong Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Min-Jun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun-Tao Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng-Yao Kong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Wuming Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Jia-Hao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Wuming Hospital, Guangxi, China
| | - Bang-De Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Guangxi, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang C, He Q, Yin Y, Wu Y, Li X. Clonorchis sinensis Granulin Promotes Malignant Transformation of Hepatocyte Through EGFR-Mediated RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:734750. [PMID: 34858869 PMCID: PMC8631275 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.734750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological functions of growth factor, such as granulins, have been explored in parasites, and we elucidated that Clonorchis sinensis granulin (CsGRN) promoted the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in our previous study. However, it is still unclear for the malignant transformation role of CsGRN in normal human hepatocytes. In this study, by transfecting pEGFP-C1-CsGRN eukaryotic expression plasmid, a cell line with stable overexpression of CsGRN in normal hepatocyte (LO2-GRN cells) was constructed. The effects on cell proliferation were detected by carrying out cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay and colony formation assay. Additionally, we conducted flow cytometry analysis to determine whether the proliferation of CsGRN was due to cell cycle arrest. Subsequently, the migration ability and the invasion ability of LO2-GRN cells were evaluated through wound-healing assay and transwell assay. Meanwhile, the levels of the markers of RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways activation in LO2-GRN cells were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. Our results indicated that CsGRN promoted the proliferation of LO2 cells by regulating the expression of cell-cycle-related genes. Moreover, the overexpression of CsGRN regulates malignant metastasis of liver cells by inducing the upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins. Furthermore, both mRNA and protein expression levels of p-EGFR, RAS, p-ERK, p-AKT, p-PI3K, and p-braf have been enhanced by CsGRN. These results showed that CsGRN promoted the malignant transformation of hepatocytes by regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated RAS/MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which suggested that CsGRN could serve as a novel oncoprotein during Clonorchis sinensis-associated malignant transformation of hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxuan Yin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China.,China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA) Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Beijing, China
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Prediction of antischistosomal small molecules using machine learning in the era of big data. Mol Divers 2021; 26:1597-1607. [PMID: 34351547 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by helminths of the Schistosoma genus. Despite its high morbidity and socio-economic burden, therapeutics are just a handful with praziquantel being the main drug. Praziquantel is an old drug registered for human use in 1982 and has since been administered en masse for chemotherapy, risking the development of resistance, thus the need for new drugs with different mechanisms of action. This review examines the use of machine learning (ML) in this era of big data to aid in the prediction of novel antischistosomal molecules. It first discusses the challenges of drug discovery in schistosomiasis. Explanations are then offered for big data, its characteristics and then, some open databases where large biochemical data on schistosomiasis can be obtained for ML model development are examined. The concepts of artificial intelligence, ML, and deep learning and their drug applications are explored in schistosomiasis. The use of binary classification in predicting antischistosomal compounds and some algorithms that have been applied including random forest and naive Bayesian are discussed. For this review, some deep learning algorithms (deep neural networks) are proposed as novel algorithms for predicting antischistosomal molecules via binary classification. Databases specifically designed for housing bioactivity data on antischistosomal molecules enriched with functional genomic datasets and ontologies are thus urgently needed for developing predictive ML models. This shows the application of machine learning techniques for the discovery of novel antischistosomal small molecules via binary classification in the era of big data.
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Díaz-Zaragoza M, Jiménez L, Hernández M, Hernández-Ávila R, Navarro L, Ochoa-Sánchez A, Encarnación-Guevara S, Ostoa-Saloma P, Landa A. Protein expression profile of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci related to Th1- and Th2-type responses in the mouse cysticercosis model. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105696. [PMID: 32956635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intraperitoneal cysticercosis model with the Taenia crassiceps ORF strain in female BALB/cAnN mice has been widely used to study the immune response in cysticercosis. During early infection (2 weeks), the host develops a non-permissive Th1 response, whereas during late infection (8 weeks), molecules from the cysticerci induce a Th2 response that is permissive to parasite growth. The modulation of the Th2 response is induced by molecules excreted/secreted by the larval stage of the parasite. However, there is limited information regarding the response of cysticerci to the mouse immunological environment during infection. The proteomic profiles in T. crassiceps ORF cysticerci when faced with the mouse Th1 and Th2 responses were analyzed through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and the differential expression of proteins was evaluated. Thirteen proteins, whose differential expression varied between 70% and 100%, were selected randomly. Protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS and BLAST showed that the proteins were related to folding, signaling, enzymatic activities, cell-movement regulation, cell-cell interactions, motility, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, and redox regulation processes. Notably, some of the proteins can act as antigenic-protective molecules and elicit a weak Th1 response; however, most are involved in the avoidance of the immune system, which leads to a Th2 response, or apoptosis. The findings indicate the process by which T. crassiceps cysticerci responds based on the host environment and provides novel insights into the mechanism by which this facilitates its establishment and persistence in the mouse. Furthermore, these proteins could be used as targets for drug and vaccine development.
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10
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Harrington D, Lamberton PHL, McGregor A. Human liver flukes. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 2:680-689. [PMID: 28786389 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver fluke infections occur in people worldwide. In some low-income regions, a combination of ecological, agricultural, and culinary factors leads to a very high prevalence of infection but, in higher-income regions, infections are uncommon. Infection is associated with substantial morbidity and several liver fluke species are recognised as biological carcinogens. Here, we review the epidemiology, clinical significance, and diagnostic and treatment strategies of human infection with these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harrington
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Poppy H L Lamberton
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health, and Comparative Medicine, and Wellcome Centre for Molecular Parasitology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alastair McGregor
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Northwick Park Hospital, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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11
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Shi M, Zhou L, Zhao L, Shang M, He T, Tang Z, Sun H, Ren P, Lin Z, Chen T, Yu J, Xu J, Yu X, Huang Y. Csseverin inhibits apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathways triggered by Ca2 + dyshomeostasis in hepatocarcinoma PLC cells. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0006074. [PMID: 29125839 PMCID: PMC5705155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous experimental and epidemiological studies have demonstrated a link between Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infestation and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The underlying molecular mechanism involved in the malignancy of CCA and HCC has not yet been addressed. Csseverin, a component of the excretory/secretory products of C. sinensis (CsESPs), was confirmed to cause obvious apoptotic inhibition in the human HCC cell line PLC. However, the antiapoptotic mechanism is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the cellular features of the antiapoptotic mechanism upon transfection of the Csseverin gene. Methods In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Csseverin gene overexpression on the apoptosis of PLC cells using an Annexin PE/7-AAD assay. Western blotting was applied to quantify the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, the mitochondrial translocation of Bax and the release of Cyt c upon Csseverin overexpression in PLC cells. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to analyze the changes of intracellular calcium. Fluorescence assay and immunofluorescence assays were performed to observe the changes of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Results The overexpression of Csseverin in PLC cells showed apoptosis resistance after the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 was specifically weakened in Csseverin overexpression PLC cells. The overexpression of Csseverin reduced the increase in intracellular free Ca2+, thereby inhibiting MPTP opening in PLC cells. Moreover, Bax mitochondrial translocation and the subsequent release of Cyt c were downregulated in apoptotic Csseverin overexpression PLC cells. Conclusions The present findings suggest that Csseverin, a component of CsESPs, confers protection from human HCC cell apoptosis via the inactivation of membranous Ca2+ channels. Csseverin might be involved in the process of HCC through C. sinensis infestation in affected patients. Multiple studies have contributed to the association between Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) infestation and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) as well as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in past years. However, studies on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of C. sinensis lag behind those of other parasitic diseases. The excretory/secretory products of C. sinensis (CsESPs) are pathogenic, as these products promote cell proliferation, suppress cell apoptosis and stimulate inflammation. Csseverin, a component of CsESPs, inhibited the apoptosis of the human HCC cell line PLC in our previous study. The present study illustrated that Csseverin conferred human HCC cells protection from apoptosis via an intrinsic pathway (mitochondrial-mediated) triggered by the inactivation of membranous Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Shi
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongtong He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hengchang Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengli Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (YH)
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (XY); (YH)
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12
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Wang C, Lei H, Tian Y, Shang M, Wu Y, Li Y, Zhao L, Shi M, Tang X, Chen T, Lv Z, Huang Y, Tang X, Yu X, Li X. Clonorchis sinensis granulin: identification, immunolocalization, and function in promoting the metastasis of cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:262. [PMID: 28545547 PMCID: PMC5445496 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term infections by Clonorchis sinensis are associated with cholangitis, cholecystitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. Molecules from the worm play vital roles in disease progress. In the present study, we identified and explored molecular characterization of C. sinensis granulin (CsGRN), a growth factor-like protein from C. sinensis excretory/secretory products (CsESPs). Methods The encoding sequence and conserved domains of CsGRN were identified and analysed by bioinformatics tools. Recombinant CsGRN (rCsGRN) protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The localisation of CsGRN in adult worms and Balb/c mice infected with C. sinensis was investigated by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Stable CsGRN-overexpressed cell lines of hepatoma cells (PLC-GRN cells) and cholangiocarcinoma cells (RBE-GRN cells) were constructed by transfection of eukaryotic expression plasmid of pEGFP-C1-CsGRN. The effects on cell migration and invasion of CsGRN were assessed through the wound-healing assay and transwell assay. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9) in PLC-GRN or RBE-GRN cells were detected by real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The levels of E-cadherin, vimentin, N-cadherin, zona occludens proteins (ZO-1), β-catenin, phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK) and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) were analysed by Western blotting. Results CsGRN, including the conserved GRN domains, was confirmed to be a member of the granulin family. CsGRN was identified as an ingredient of CsESPs. CsGRN was localised in the tegument and testes of the adult worm. Furthermore, it appeared in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes and biliary epithelium cells from infected Balb/c mouse. The enhancement of cell migration and invasion of PLC-GRN and RBE-GRN cells were observed. In addition, CsGRN upregulated the levels of vimentin, N-cadherin, β-catenin, MMP2 and MMP9, while it downregulated the level of ZO-1 in PLC-GRN/RBE-GRN cells. In total proteins of liver tissue from rCsGRN immunised Balb/c mice, vimentin level decreased, while E-cadherin level increased when compared with the control groups. Meanwhile, the levels of p-ERK reached a peak at 4 weeks post immunisation and the level of p-AKT did at 2 weeks after immunisation. Conclusions The encoding sequence and molecular characteristics of CsGRN were identified. As a member of granulin superfamily, CsGRN induced mesenchymal characteristics of PLC and RBE cells and was found to regulate the activities of the downstream molecules of the ERK and PI3K/AKT signalling pathways, which could contribute to the enhancement of cell migration and invasion. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2179-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiqin Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Lei
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Tian
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Shang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengchen Shi
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Tang
- Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuerong Li
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Escamilla A, Pérez-Caballero R, Zafra R, Bautista MJ, Pacheco IL, Ruiz MT, Martínez-Cruz MS, Martínez-Moreno A, Molina-Hernández V, Pérez J. Apoptosis of peritoneal leucocytes during early stages of Fasciola hepatica infections in sheep. Vet Parasitol 2017; 238:49-53. [PMID: 28342671 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several immunomodulatory properties have been described in Fasciola hepatica infections. Apoptosis has been shown to be an effective mechanism to avoid the immune response in helminth infections. The aim of the present work was to study apoptosis in peritoneal leucocytes of sheep experimentally infected with F. hepatica during the early stages of infection. Five groups (n=5) of sheep were used. Groups 2-5 were orally infected with 200 metacercariae (mc) and sacrificed at 1, 3, 9 and 18days post-infection (dpi), respectively. Group 1 was used as the uninfected control (UC). Apoptosis was detected using three different methods 1) immunocytochemistry (ICC) with a polyclonal antibody anti-active caspase-3; 2) an annexin V flow cytometry assay using the Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI); and 3) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The differential leucocyte count revealed that the majority of peritoneal granulocytes were eosinophils, which increased significantly at 9 and 18 dpi with respect to the uninfected controls. The ICC study revealed that the percentage of caspase-3+ apoptotic peritoneal leucocytes increased significantly from 3 dpi onwards with respect to the uninfected controls. The flow cytometry annexin V assay detected a very significant (P<0.001) increase of apoptotic peritoneal macrophages, lymphocytes and granulocytes, which remained higher than in the UC until 18 dpi. Transmission electron microscopy studies also confirmed the presence of apoptosis in peritoneal eosinophils at 18 dpi. This is the first report of apoptosis induced by F. hepatica in the peritoneal leucocytes of sheep in vivo. The results of this work suggest the importance of apoptosis induction for the survival of the juvenile parasites in the peritoneal migratory stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Escamilla
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Pérez-Caballero
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - R Zafra
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - M J Bautista
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - I L Pacheco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - M T Ruiz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - M S Martínez-Cruz
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | - A Martínez-Moreno
- Department of Animal Health (Parasitology), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - J Pérez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Spain.
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Tang ZL, Huang Y, Yu XB. Current status and perspectives of Clonorchis sinensis and clonorchiasis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, omics, prevention and control. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:71. [PMID: 27384714 PMCID: PMC4933995 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0166-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, caused by Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is an important food-borne parasitic disease and one of the most common zoonoses. Currently, it is estimated that more than 200 million people are at risk of C. sinensis infection, and over 15 million are infected worldwide. C. sinensis infection is closely related to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), fibrosis and other human hepatobiliary diseases; thus, clonorchiasis is a serious public health problem in endemic areas. This article reviews the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, disease burden and treatment of clonorchiasis as well as summarizes the techniques for detecting C. sinensis infection in humans and intermediate hosts and vaccine development against clonorchiasis. Newer data regarding the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis and the genome, transcriptome and secretome of C. sinensis are collected, thus providing perspectives for future studies. These advances in research will aid the development of innovative strategies for the prevention and control of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Li Tang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Bing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Lai DH, Hong XK, Su BX, Liang C, Hide G, Zhang X, Yu X, Lun ZR. Current status ofClonorchis sinensisand clonorchiasis in China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:21-7. [DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trv100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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16
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Chen W, Ning D, Wang X, Chen T, Lv X, Sun J, Wu D, Huang Y, Xu J, Yu X. Identification and characterization of Clonorchis sinensis cathepsin B proteases in the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:647. [PMID: 26691339 PMCID: PMC4687107 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human clonorchiasis is a prevailing food-borne disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis infection. Functional characterizations of key molecules from C. sinensis could facilitate the intervention of C. sinensis associated diseases. METHODS In this study, immunolocalization of C. sinensis cathepsin B proteases (CsCBs) in C. sinensis worms was investigated. Four CsCBs were expressed in Pichia pastoris yeast cells. Purified yCsCBs were measured for enzymatic and hydrolase activities in the presence of various host proteins. Cell proliferation, wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to show the effect of CsCBs on human cells. RESULTS CsCBs were localized in the excretory vesicle, oral sucker and intestinal tract of C. sinensis. Recombinant yCsCBs from yeast showed active enzymatic activity at pH 5.0-5.5 and at 37-42 °C. yCsCBs can degrade various host proteins including human serum albumin, human fibronectin, human hemoglobin and human IgG. CsCBs were detected in liver tissues of mice and cancer patients afflicted with clonorchiasis. Various bioassays collectively demonstrated that CsCBs could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion of human cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that CsCBs can degrade various human proteins and we proved that the secreted CsCBs are involved in the pathogenesis of clonorchiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Ning
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511430, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingjin Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoli Lv
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Research Center, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710038, China.
| | - Jiufeng Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511430, China.
| | - De Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511430, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinbing Yu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Tropical Diseases Control of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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Xia J, Jiang SC, Peng HJ. Association between Liver Fluke Infection and Hepatobiliary Pathological Changes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132673. [PMID: 26186510 PMCID: PMC4506038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide information about the role of liver fluke infection as a risk factor for hepatobiliary pathological changes and promote awareness among the people living in endemic areas, a systematic review and meta-analysis based on published studies was conducted to examine the association between liver fluke infection and hepatobiliary pathological changes. METHODS Relevant original literature was searched in multiple literature databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Clinical Evidence, Trip Database, Clinical Trials, Current Controlled Trials, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, and the Wanfang academic journal full-text database. Studies were selected based on strict screening with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Tests of heterogeneity, sensitivity and publication bias were performed with the Review Manager software, version 5.3, and meta-regression analyses were performed with the Stata software, version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated and used to evaluate the risk of hepatobiliary pathological changes resulting from liver fluke infection. Linear trend analyses were conducted to determine the dose-response relationship using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. RESULT A total of 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Significant associations were found between liver fluke infection and cholangitis or cholecystitis (RR: 7.80, P<0.001; OR: 15.98, P<0.001), cholelithiasis (RR: 2.42, P = 0.03; OR: 4.96, P = 0.03), hepatocellular carcinoma (OR: 4.69, P<0.001) and cholangiocarcinoma (RR: 10.43, P<0.001; OR: 4.37, P<0.001). In addition, heavier infection was significantly associated with higher incidence of hepatobiliary pathological changes (P<0.05). However, cirrhosis was not significantly associated with liver fluke infection (RR: 3.50, P = 0.06; OR: 5.79, P = 0.08). The statistical heterogeneity was significant, no significant difference was observed in the sensitivity analysis, and no publication bias was found. CONCLUSION The meta-analysis found that liver fluke infection was significantly associated with cholangitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma and that more severe infection was associated with higher incidence. However, the association between liver fluke infection and cirrhosis was not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-chen Jiang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, the People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Juan Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, the People’s Republic of China
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Expression profiles of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Clonorchis sinensis: a glycolytic enzyme with plasminogen binding capacity. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4543-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sequence analysis and molecular characterization of Clonorchis sinensis hexokinase, an unusual trimeric 50-kDa glucose-6-phosphate-sensitive allosteric enzyme. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107940. [PMID: 25232723 PMCID: PMC4169440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonorchiasis, which is induced by the infection of Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis), is highly associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Because the available examination, treatment and interrupting transmission provide limited opportunities to prevent infection, it is urgent to develop integrated strategies to prevent and control clonorchiasis. Glycolytic enzymes are crucial molecules for trematode survival and have been targeted for drug development. Hexokinase of C. sinensis (CsHK), the first key regulatory enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, was characterized in this study. The calculated molecular mass (Mr) of CsHK was 50.0 kDa. The obtained recombinant CsHK (rCsHK) was a homotrimer with an Mr of approximately 164 kDa, as determined using native PAGE and gel filtration. The highest activity was obtained with 50 mM glycine-NaOH at pH 10 and 100 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.5 and 10. The kinetics of rCsHK has a moderate thermal stability. Compared to that of the corresponding negative control, the enzymatic activity was significantly inhibited by praziquantel (PZQ) and anti-rCsHK serum. rCsHK was homotropically and allosterically activated by its substrates, including glucose, mannose, fructose, and ATP. ADP exhibited mixed allosteric effect on rCsHK with respect to ATP, while inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) displayed net allosteric activation with various allosteric systems. Fructose behaved as a dose-dependent V activator with the substrate glucose. Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) displayed net allosteric inhibition on rCsHK with respect to ATP or glucose with various allosteric systems in a dose-independent manner. There were differences in both mRNA and protein levels of CsHK among the life stages of adult worm, metacercaria, excysted metacercaria and egg of C. sinensis, suggesting different energy requirements during different development stages. Our study furthers the understanding of the biological functions of CsHK and supports the need to screen for small molecule inhibitors of CsHK to interfere with glycolysis in C. sinensis.
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Chen W, Wang X, Lv X, Tian Y, Xu Y, Mao Q, Shang M, Li X, Huang Y, Yu X. Characterization of the secreted cathepsin B cysteine proteases family of the carcinogenic liver fluke Clonorchis sinensis. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3409-18. [PMID: 24985496 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory products (ESP) have gained high attentions because of their potential to be vaccine candidates and drug targets in C. sinensis prevention. In this study, we extensively profiled the characteristics of four C. sinensis cathepsin B cysteine proteases (CsCB1, CsCB2, CsCB3, and CsCB4). Bioinformatics analysis showed all CsCBs contained signal peptides at the N-terminal. Functional domains and residues were found in CsCB sequences. We expressed four CsCBs and profiled immune responses followed by vaccine trials. Recombinant CsCBs could induce high IgG titers, indicating high immunogenicity of CsCB family. Additionally, ELISA results showed that both IgG1 and IgG2a levels apparently increased post-immunization with all four CsCBs, showing that combined Th1/Th2 immune responses were triggered by CsCB family. Both Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting confirmed that four CsCBs have distinct expression patterns in C. sinensis life stages. More importantly, we validated our hypothesis that CsCBs were C. sinensis excretory/secretory products. CsCBs could be recognized by C. sinensis-infected sera throughout the infection period, indicating that secreted CsCBs are immune triggers during C. sinensis infection. The protective effect was assessed by comparing the worm burden and egg per gram (EPG) between CsCB group and control group, showing that worm burden (P < 0.01) and EPG (P < 0.01) in CsCB2 and CsCB3 groups were significantly lower than in control group. In conclusion, we profiled secreted cathepsin B cysteine proteases family for the first time and demonstrated that all CsCB family were C. sinensis excretory/secretory products that may regulate host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Chen
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
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Wang X, Hu F, Hu X, Chen W, Huang Y, Yu X. Proteomic identification of potential Clonorchis sinensis excretory/secretory products capable of binding and activating human hepatic stellate cells. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3063-71. [PMID: 24894083 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence demonstrated that Clonorchis sinensis is an important risk factor of hepatic fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma. C. sinensis excretory/secretory products (CsESPs) are protein complex including proteases, antioxidant enzymes, and metabolic enzymes, which may contribute to pathogenesis of liver fluke-associated hepatobiliary diseases. However, potential CsESP candidates involved into hepatic fibrosis and cholangiocarcinoma still remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we performed proteomic identification of CsESP candidates capable of binding and activating human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the interaction of CsESPs with LX-2 cell membrane. LX-2 cells could be stimulated by CsESPs from 24 h post incubation (p < 0.05). Specifically, 50 μg/ml of CsESPs showed the strongest effect on cell proliferation in methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay which could also be demonstrated by flow cytometry analysis (p < 0.01). Furthermore, expression level of human type III collagen in LX-2 cells treated with CsESPs was significantly higher than that in control cells measured by molecular beacon and semiquantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR approaches (p < 0.01). Finally, CsESPs before and after incubation with LX-2 cells were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and matrix associated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. Nine proteins with abundance change above threefold were Rho GTPase-activating protein, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit Va, α-enolase, phospholipase C, interleukin-15, insect-derived growth factor, cytochrome c oxidase subunit VI, DNAH1 protein, and kinesin light chain. Taken together, we identified potential CsESP candidates capable of binding and activating human hepatic stellate cells, providing more direct evidences that are previously unknown to accelerate strategies for C. sinensis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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