1
|
Hamidi Nahrani M, Akbari M, Mansour Sohani S, Mazaher Yazdi M, Maarefvand M. Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Cervical Myofascial Pain Syndrome. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:3993-3997. [PMID: 36742763 PMCID: PMC9895190 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical myofascial pain syndrome with dizziness (CMPS-D) has always faced the challenges of evaluation, diagnosis, and etiology. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) are applicable to evaluate the functions of the vestibular system, especially the saccule. The Sound evoked triceps myogenic potentials (SETMPs) have different anatomical efferent connections from Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)-VEMPs. The present study aimed to evaluate the SETMPs and SCMVEMPs in CMPS-D group and compare the results with the control group. We tested 15 participants with CMPS-D with 15 participants in the control group using SCMVEMP and SETMP tests. All participants had normal hearing and vestibular functions. The SCMVEMP response was absent in 4 of 15 patients with CMPS-D, and the mean response CMPS-D group was significantly lower than the control group. There were the SETMP and SCMVEMP responses in all participants in the control group. In CMPS-D subjects with false absent SCMVEMP response, SETMP tests are suitable alternatives for the saccule evaluation, and diminished SCMVEMP in the CMPS-D subjects may not necessarily mean the saccular injury. Furthermore, the involvement of spinal cord pathways is not a cause of dizziness in CMPS-D patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hamidi Nahrani
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Madad karan St., Madar Sq., Mirdamad Blv, 15459-13187 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Akbari
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Madad karan St., Madar Sq., Mirdamad Blv, 15459-13187 Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Mansour Sohani
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihah Mazaher Yazdi
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Madad karan St., Madar Sq., Mirdamad Blv, 15459-13187 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Maarefvand
- Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Madad karan St., Madar Sq., Mirdamad Blv, 15459-13187 Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cognitive screening in HTLV-1-infected people using a self-perceived memory score and auditory P300. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:123-132. [PMID: 35167053 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is the most common neurological manifestation associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) infection. Although cognitive impairment has been highlighted in the spectrum of HTLV-1 neurological manifestations, it may go unnoticed in those who do not spontaneously report it. We aimed at evaluating the applicability of a self-perceived memory score (SMS) and the cognitive event-related potential (P300) for early detection of cognitive impairment in HTLV-1-infected people. The SMS was measured by a 0-10 point numeric scale combined with a sad-happy face rating scale. The higher the number, the better was the SMS. The P300 was obtained through an oddball paradigm with a mental counting task. The participants were 15 (21.4%) individuals with HAM/TSP, 20 (28.6%) HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers, and 35 (50%) seronegative controls. We found that SMS (p < 0.001) and P300 latency (p < 0.001) got progressively worse from the seronegative controls to the asymptomatic carriers and then to the HAM/TSP. The results that indicated cognitive impairment were SMS < 7.2 points and P300 latency > 369.0 ms. The HAM/TSP group showed the highest prevalence of altered P300 (80%) and SMS (87%). Interestingly, the asymptomatic group also presented significantly higher prevalence of altered SMS (60%) and P300 (35%) when compared to controls (< 10%). The frequency of cognitive impairment was 16 times higher in the HTLV-1 asymptomatic group and 69 times higher in the HAM/TSP group when compared to controls. The use of SMS in the medical consultation was a useful and easy-to-apply method to screen HTLV-1-infected subjects for everyday memory complaints.
Collapse
|
3
|
Roriz SJ, Pereira TA, Vaz de Melo Trindade G, Caporali JFDM, Lambertucci JR. Quality of Life Assessment Among Patients Living With Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis and Schistosomal Myeloradiculopathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:629484. [PMID: 34141713 PMCID: PMC8203918 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.629484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major public health problem in tropical areas of the world. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurement is being widely used to evaluate the impact of a disease or treatment in several aspects of daily life. However, few studies evaluated the impact of severe forms of schistosomiasis on HRQOL of affected individuals and compared them to healthy controls with a similar socio-demographic background. Our aims were to evaluate the HRQOL in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HS) and schistosomal myeloradiculopathy (SMR) and healthy volunteers (HV) and determine if clinical complications of the disease are associated with HRQOL scores. We interviewed and evaluated the HRQOL in 49 patients with HS, 22 patients with SMR, and 26 HV from an outpatient clinic of the Federal University of Minas Gerais University Hospital using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. SMR and HS patients had a significantly lower overall quality of life score when comparing with the HV control group (p = 0.003 and p = 0.005, respectively). Multivariate ordinal regression model adjusted for sex, age, and educational level indicated that HS and SMR patients have three and five times more chances of having a lower quality of life than healthy volunteers (Odds Ratio 3.13 and 5.04, respectively). There was no association between complications of HS disease and quality of life scores. In contrast, worse quality of life was observed in SMR patients that presented back or leg pain, leg paresthesia, and bladder dysfunction. In conclusion, HS and SMR significantly impact the overall quality of life of the affected individuals, reinforcing the importance of efforts to control and eradicate this debilitating disease and suggesting that multidisciplinary clinical management of schistosomiasis patients would be more appropriate and could potentially improve patient's quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Júnia Roriz
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Almeida Pereira
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Guilherme Vaz de Melo Trindade
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Physiology, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Júlia Fonseca de Morais Caporali
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Lambertucci
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silva TR, Rocha Santos MA, Macedo de Resende L, Labanca L, Caporali JFDM, Scoralick Dias RT, Utsch Gonçalves D. Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential on Ocular, Cervical, and Soleus Muscles to Assess the Extent of Neurological Impairment in HTLV-1 Infection. Front Neurol 2020; 11:433. [PMID: 32508741 PMCID: PMC7253674 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP) can be used to test central vestibular pathways from the midbrain to the lumbar spine, according to the muscle tested. Purpose: to compare the spinal cord alteration in individuals with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM) and with HTLV-1-asymptomatic infection using the VEMP recorded from different muscles. Methods: VEMP was recorded in 90 individuals of whom 30 had HAM, 30 were HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers, and 30 negative controls. VEMP was recorded in the oculomotor muscle (oVEMP), testing the vestibulo-ocular reflex, and in the cervical muscle (cVEMP) and soleus muscle (sVEMP), testing the vestibulospinal reflex, respectively, in the cervical and in the lumbar spinal level. The type of stimulation was auditory for oVEMP and cVEMP, and galvanic for sVEMP. The compared variables were the latencies of the electrophysiological waves. Results: HTLV-1-asymptomatic group was similar to the controls regarding oVEMP (p = 0.461), but different regarding cVEMP (p < 0.001) and sVEMP (p < 0.001). HAM group has presented the worst latencies and was different from the HTLV-1-asymptomatic group in the VEMP of all the tested muscles (p < 0.001). The concomitant occurrence of VEMP alterations in the three recorded muscles of the same individual was found in 2 (6.7%) asymptomatic carriers and in 20 (66.7%) patients with HAM (p = 0.001). The analysis of VEMP alteration per group and per muscle has showed that, in HTLV-1-asymptomatic group, oVEMP was altered in 3 (10.0%) individuals, cVEMP in 10 (33.3%) and sVEMP in 13 (43.3%). In HAM group, oVEMP was altered in 23 (76.6%) individuals, cVEMP in 27 (90%), and sVEMP in 30 (100%). Conclusion: HTLV-1-neurological damage has followed an ascendant progression beginning at the lumbar spine in the stage of a clinically asymptomatic infection, whereas HAM has affected not only the spine, but also the midbrain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rocha Silva
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Rocha Santos
- Graduate Program in Phonoaudiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Macedo de Resende
- Graduate Program in Phonoaudiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ludimila Labanca
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Phonoaudiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Júlia Fonseca de Morais Caporali
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael Teixeira Scoralick Dias
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Denise Utsch Gonçalves
- Graduate Program in Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
成 颖, 张 玉, 韩 永, 马 伟, 杨 慧, 赵 健, 陈 芳, 张 青, 许 珉. [Cervial vestibular-evoked myogenic potential induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation in normal people]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2020; 34:57-60. [PMID: 32086900 PMCID: PMC10128571 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective:To establish a new method for detecting vestibular function by testing cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation in normal population. Method:Twenty normal ears were tested for cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation. SPSS 18.0 software was used to analyze the obtained data. Result:In all healthy subjects mastoid-forehead galvanic vestibular stimulation produced a positive-negative biphasic EMG responses on SCM ipsilateral to the cathodal electrode. The latency of p13 was(11.52±3.05) ms. The latency of n23 was(15.31±3.38) ms. The amplitude of p13-n23 was(40.55±27.93) μV. The interval of p13-n23 was(3.53±1.38) ms. The interaural asymmetry ratio(AR, %) of p13, n23 latency, the amplitude and interval were respectively(6.96±6.79)%, (6.47±5.93)%, (28.08±26.42)% and (16.61±11.11)%. There was no significant difference in all parameters between the right and left ears of all subjects. Conclusion:The value of cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation in normal subjects can be established to explore methods for diagnosis, treatment and researching mechanism of auditory neuropathy and vestibular neuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- 颖 成
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - 玉忠 张
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - 永青 韩
- 西电集团医院耳鼻咽喉科Department of Otolaryngology, Xidian Group Hospital
| | - 伟军 马
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - 慧 杨
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - 健 赵
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - 芳 陈
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - 青 张
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - 珉 许
- 西安交通大学第二附属医院耳鼻咽喉科(西安,710004)Department of Otolaryngology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Splenius capitis: sensitive target for the cVEMP in older and neurodegenerative patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 276:2991-3003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
7
|
Caporali JFDM, Labanca L, Florentino KR, Souza BO, Utsch Gonçalves D. Intrarater and interrater agreement and reliability of vestibular evoked myogenic potential triggered by galvanic vestibular stimulation (galvanic-VEMP) for HTLV-1 associated myelopathy testing. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204449. [PMID: 30261002 PMCID: PMC6160040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vestibular evoked myogenic potential triggered by galvanic vestibular stimulation (galvanic-VEMP) has been used to assess the function of the vestibulospinal motor tract and is a candidate biomarker to predict and monitor the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) associated myelopathy (HAM). This study determined the agreement and reliability of this exam. METHODS Galvanic-VEMP was performed in 96 participants, of which 24 patients presented HAM, 27 HTLV-1-asymptomatic carriers, and 45 HTLV-1-negative asymptomatic controls. Galvanic vestibular stimulation was achieved by passing a binaural and bipolar current at a 2 milliamperes (mA) intensity for 400 milliseconds (ms) between the mastoid processes. Galvanic-VEMP electromyographic wave responses of short latency (SL) and medium latency (ML) were recorded from the gastrocnemius muscle. Intrarater (test-retest) and interrater (two independent examiners) agreement and reliability were assessed by standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of repeatability (CR), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Kappa coefficient. RESULTS In the total sample (n = 96), SL and ML medians were 56 ms (IQR 52-66) and 120 ms (IQR 107-130), respectively. The intrarater repeatability measures for SL and ML were, respectively: SEM of 6 and 8 ms; CR of 16 and 22 ms; ICC of 0.80 (p<0.001) and 0.91 (p<0.001); and a Kappa coefficient of 0.53 (p<0.001) and 0.82 (p<0.001). The interrater reproducibility measures for SL and ML were, respectively: SEM of 3 and 10 ms; CR of 8 and 27 ms; ICC of 0.95 (p<0.001) and 0.86 (p<0.001); and a Kappa coefficient of 0.77 (p<0.001) and 0.88 (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Galvanic-VEMP is a reliable and reproducible method to define the integrity of the vestibulospinal tract. Longitudinal studies will clarify its validity in the clinical context, aimed at achieving an early diagnosis and the monitoring of HAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Fonseca de Morais Caporali
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JFMC); (DUG)
| | - Ludimila Labanca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kyonis Rodrigues Florentino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Oliveira Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise Utsch Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JFMC); (DUG)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Labanca L, de Morais Caporali JF, da Silva Carvalho SA, Lambertucci JR, Carneiro Proietti ABDF, Romanelli LCF, Avan P, Giraudet F, Souza BO, Florentino KR, Utsch Gonçalves D. Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential triggered by galvanic vestibular stimulation may reveal subclinical alterations in human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-associated myelopathy. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200536. [PMID: 30001400 PMCID: PMC6042765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential triggered by galvanic vestibular stimulation (galvanic-VEMP) evaluates the motor spinal cord and identifies subclinical myelopathies. We used galvanic-VEMP to compare spinal cord function in individuals infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) from asymptomatic status to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This cross-sectional study with 122 individuals included 26 HTLV-1-asymptomatic carriers, 26 individuals with possible HAM, 25 individuals with HAM, and 45 HTLV-1-seronegative individuals (controls). The groups were similar regarding gender, age, and height. Galvanic stimuli (duration: 400 ms; intensity: 2 mA) were applied bilaterally to the mastoid processes and VEMP was recorded from the gastrocnemius muscle. The electromyographic parameters investigated were the latency and amplitude of the short-latency (SL) and medium-latency (ML) responses. While SL and ML amplitudes were similar between groups, SL and ML latencies were delayed in the HTLV-1 groups compared to the control group (p<0.001). Using neurological examination as the gold standard, ROC curve showed an area under the curve of 0.83 (p<0.001) for SL and 0.86 (p<0.001) for ML to detect spinal cord injury. Sensibility and specificity were, respectively, 76% and 86% for SL and 79% and 85% for ML. Galvanic-VEMP disclosed alterations that were progressive in HTLV-1-neurological disease, ranging from SL delayed latency in HTLV-1-asymptomatic carriers, SL and ML delayed latency in possible HAM group, to absence of VEMP response in HAM group. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The worse the galvanic-VEMP response, the more severe the myelopathy. Galvanic-VEMP alteration followed a pattern of alteration and may be a prognostic marker of progression from HTLV-1-asymptomatic carrier to HAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludimila Labanca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Júlia Fonseca de Morais Caporali
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sirley Alves da Silva Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fonoaudiológicas, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Lambertucci
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paul Avan
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Fabrice Giraudet
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Neurosensorielle, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, Auvergne, France
| | - Bárbara Oliveira Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Kyonis Rodrigues Florentino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Denise Utsch Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|