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Habib MR, Mohamed AH, Nassar AHA, Sheir SK. Bisphenol A effects on the host Biomphalaria alexandrina and its parasite Schistosoma mansoni. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97824-97841. [PMID: 37597145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most potent endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that adversely affect aquatic organisms. The present investigation explored the effects of exposure to BPA at 0.1 and 1 mgL-1 concentrations on the fecundity of Biomphalaria alexandrina, snail's infection with Schistosoma mansoni, and histology of the ovotestis and topographical structure of S. mansoni cercariae emerged from exposed snails. The 24 h LC50 and LC90 values of BPA against B. alexandrina were 8.31 and 10.88 mgL-1 BPA, respectively. The exposure of snails to 0.1 or 1 mgL-1 BPA did not affect the snail's survival. However, these concentrations caused an increase in the reproductive rate (Ro) of infected snails. A slight decrease in egg production was observed in snails exposed to 0.1 mgL-1 BPA after being infected (infected then exposed). However, a significant increase in egg production was noted in snails exposed to 1 mgL-1 BPA after infection with S. mansoni. Histopathological investigations indicated a clear alteration in the ovotestis tissue structure of exposed and infected-exposed groups compared to the control snails. Chronic exposure to BPA caused pathological alterations in the gametogenic cells. SEM preparations of S. mansoni cercariae emerged from infected-exposed snails showed obvious body malformations. From a public health perspective, BPA pollution may negatively impact schistosomiasis transmission, as indicated by the disturbance in cercarial production and morphology. However, it has adverse effects on the reproduction and architecture of reproductive organs of exposed snails, indicating that B. alexandrina snails are sensitive to sublethal BPA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed R Habib
- Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt.
| | - Azza H Mohamed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Sherin K Sheir
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Alberto-Silva AC, Garcia JS, Mota EM, Martins FG, Pinheiro J, Mello-Silva CC. Reproductive alterations of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Chen, 1935) and exposed to Euphorbia milii var. hislopii latex. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e259628. [PMID: 36000690 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.259628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural phytochemical latex of Euphorbia milii var. hislopii is one of the most promising natural molluscicides for the control of Biomphalaria glabrata, and has been widely studied under laboratory conditions for selective control of schistosomiasis transmission. However, the effect of this product on B. glabrata infected by other helminths had not yet been investigated. The present study reports evaluation of the effect of E. milii var. hislopii latex on the survival and reproductive activity of B. glabrata infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis. For this purpose, the following groups were formed: control (C), exposed (E), infected (I) and infected and exposed for different time intervals (1 day - I+E-1D, 7 days - I+E-7D, 14 days - I+E-14D, 21 days - I+E-21D and 28 days - I+E-28D). The experimental infection was performed with L1 larvae of A. cantonensis and exposure to 0.08 mg/L (LC50) of E. milii latex for a period of 24 hours. We analyzed the effects of E. milii latex on the survival of snails during four weeks, reproductive parameters and possible histophysiopathological changes in the gonad and albumen gland of the snails. Regarding survival, there was reduction of more than 50% in the groups exposed to latex (E and I + E) compared to the control group. As for the number of ovigerous masses, eggs, and average number of hatched snails, significant increases were observed in the I+E-1D group at the 4th week compared to the control group and the other weeks in the same group. Angiostrongylus cantonensis larvae were observed in the gonad and albumen gland from day 21 and 28 of infection in groups I and I+E, respectively, with granuloma-like formation. At these observation periods and in these groups, an increase in galactogen was observed in the albumen gland, which influenced egg laying, suggesting the existence of a fecundity compensation mechanism phenomenon. It was possible to conclude that both stressors - A. cantonensis infection and exposure to E. milii latex - directly influenced the survival and reproductive parameters of B. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Alberto-Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - J S Garcia
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - E M Mota
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Patologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - F G Martins
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - J Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil.,Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro - UFRRJ, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Seropédica, RJ, Brasil
| | - C C Mello-Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - IOC, Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Cohen-Rengifo M, Danion M, Gonzalez AA, Bégout ML, Cormier A, Noël C, Cabon J, Vitré T, Mark FC, Mazurais D. The extensive transgenerational transcriptomic effects of ocean acidification on the olfactory epithelium of a marine fish are associated with a better viral resistance. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:448. [PMID: 35710351 PMCID: PMC9204966 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive CO2-induced ocean acidification (OA) impacts marine life in ways that are difficult to predict but are likely to become exacerbated over generations. Although marine fishes can balance acid–base homeostasis efficiently, indirect ionic regulation that alter neurosensory systems can result in behavioural abnormalities. In marine invertebrates, OA can also affect immune system function, but whether this is the case in marine fishes is not fully understood. Farmed fish are highly susceptible to disease outbreak, yet strategies for overcoming such threats in the wake of OA are wanting. Here, we exposed two generations of the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) to end-of-century predicted pH levels (IPCC RCP8.5), with parents (F1) being exposed for four years and their offspring (F2) for 18 months. Our design included a transcriptomic analysis of the olfactory rosette (collected from the F2) and a viral challenge (exposing F2 to betanodavirus) where we assessed survival rates. Results We discovered transcriptomic trade-offs in both sensory and immune systems after long-term transgenerational exposure to OA. Specifically, RNA-Seq analysis of the olfactory rosette, the peripheral olfactory organ, from 18-months-old F2 revealed extensive regulation in genes involved in ion transport and neuronal signalling, including GABAergic signalling. We also detected OA-induced up-regulation of genes associated with odour transduction, synaptic plasticity, neuron excitability and wiring and down-regulation of genes involved in energy metabolism. Furthermore, OA-exposure induced up-regulation of genes involved in innate antiviral immunity (pathogen recognition receptors and interferon-stimulated genes) in combination with down-regulation of the protein biosynthetic machinery. Consistently, OA-exposed F2 challenged with betanodavirus, which causes damage to the nervous system of marine fish, had acquired improved resistance. Conclusion F2 exposed to long-term transgenerational OA acclimation showed superior viral resistance, though as their metabolic and odour transduction programs were altered, odour-mediated behaviours might be consequently impacted. Although it is difficult to unveil how long-term OA impacts propagated between generations, our results reveal that, across generations, trade-offs in plastic responses is a core feature of the olfactory epithelium transcriptome in OA-exposed F2 offspring, and will have important consequences for how cultured and wild fish interacts with its environment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08647-w.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgane Danion
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Anne-Alicia Gonzalez
- MGX, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Biocampus Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bégout
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, 34250, Palavas-les-Flots, IRD, France
| | | | - Cyril Noël
- IFREMER, SEBIMER, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Joëlle Cabon
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Fish Viral Pathology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | | | - Felix C Mark
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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Merad N, Andreu V, Chaib S, de Carvalho Augusto R, Duval D, Bertrand C, Boumghar Y, Pichette A, Djabou N. Essential Oils from Two Apiaceae Species as Potential Agents in Organic Crops Protection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10060636. [PMID: 34073295 PMCID: PMC8228736 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical composition and herbicidal, antifungal, antibacterial and molluscicidal activities of essential oils from Choukzerk, Eryngium triquetrum, and Alexander, Smyrnium olusatrum, from western Algeria were characterized. Capillary GC-FID and GC/MS were used to investigate chemical composition of both essential oils, and the antifungal, antibacterial, molluscicidal and herbicidal activities were determined by % inhibition. Collective essential oil of E. triquetrum was dominated by falcarinol (74.8%) and octane (5.6%). The collective essential oil of S. olusatrum was dominated by furanoeremophilone (31.5%), furanodiene+curzurene (19.3%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (11%). The E. triquetrum oil was tested and a pure falcarinol (99%) showed virtuous herbicidal and antibacterial activities against potato blackleg disease, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, and Gram-negative soil bacterium, Pseudomonas cichorii (85 and 100% inhibition, respectively), and high ecotoxic activity against brine shrimp, Artemia salina, and the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, with an IC50 of 0.35 µg/mL and 0.61 µg/mL, respectively. Essential oil of S. olusatrum showed interesting antibacterial and ecotoxic activity and good herbicidal activity against watercress seeds, Lepidium sativum (74% inhibition of photosynthesis, 80% mortality on growth test on model watercress), while the furanoeremophilone isolated from the oil (99% pure) showed moderate herbicidal activity. Both oils showed excellent antifungal activity against Fusarium. Both oils and especially falcarinol demonstrated good potential as new biocontrol agents in organic crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjiya Merad
- Laboratoire COSNA, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, BP 119, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria;
| | - Vanessa Andreu
- AKINAO, 52 Avenue. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; (V.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Slimane Chaib
- Université de Perpignan, PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France; (R.d.C.A.); (D.D.)
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule, CNRS, Université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - David Duval
- Université Perpignan Via Domitia, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France; (R.d.C.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Cédric Bertrand
- AKINAO, 52 Avenue. Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; (V.A.); (C.B.)
- Université de Perpignan, PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, CEDEX, 66860 Perpignan, France;
| | - Yacine Boumghar
- CÉPROCQ, College of Maisonneuve, 6220 Rue Sherbrooke est, Montréal, QC H1N 1C1, Canada
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (N.D.)
| | - André Pichette
- Centre de Recherche sur la Boréalie (CREB), Laboratoire LASEVE, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), 555, Boulevard de l’Université, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 2B1, Canada;
| | - Nassim Djabou
- Laboratoire COSNA, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, BP 119, Université de Tlemcen, Tlemcen 13000, Algeria;
- Correspondence: (Y.B.); (N.D.)
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Mtemeli FL, Walter I, Tinago T, Shoko R. An assessment of the molluscicidal potential of Cucurbita maxima seed extracts on Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Bulinus globosus snails. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1901788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Floryn L. Mtemeli
- Department of Biology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Irene Walter
- Department of Biology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Tawanda Tinago
- Department of Biology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Ryman Shoko
- Department of Biology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
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Augusto RDC, Rey O, Cosseau C, Chaparro C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Allienne JF, Duval D, Pinaud S, Tönges S, Andriantsoa R, Luquet E, Aubret F, Dia Sow M, David P, Thomson V, Joly D, Gomes Lima M, Federico D, Danchin E, Minoda A, Grunau C. A simple ATAC-seq protocol for population epigenetics. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 5:121. [PMID: 33521328 PMCID: PMC7814285 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15552.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here a protocol for the generation of sequence-ready libraries for population epigenomics studies, and the analysis of alignment results. We show that the protocol can be used to monitor chromatin structure changes in populations when exposed to environmental cues. The protocol is a streamlined version of the Assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) that provides a positive display of accessible, presumably euchromatic regions. The protocol is straightforward and can be used with small individuals such as daphnia and schistosome worms, and probably many other biological samples of comparable size (~10,000 cells), and it requires little molecular biology handling expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1210, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Oliver Rey
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémie Vidal-Dupiol
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Allienne
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - David Duval
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Silvain Pinaud
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sina Tönges
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ranja Andriantsoa
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Emilien Luquet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Fabien Aubret
- CNRS,Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, Université Paul Sabatier, Moulis, 09200, France
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | | | - Patrice David
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, CEFE, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Vicki Thomson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Dominique Joly
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS Université Paris Sud UMR 9191, Gif sur Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Mariana Gomes Lima
- Laboratório de Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Déborah Federico
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse; CNRS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Etienne Danchin
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse; CNRS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Aki Minoda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Epigenome Technology Exploration Unit, Tsurumi, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christoph Grunau
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
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de Carvalho Augusto R, Merad N, Rognon A, Gourbal B, Bertrand C, Djabou N, Duval D. Molluscicidal and parasiticidal activities of Eryngium triquetrum essential oil on Schistosoma mansoni and its intermediate snail host Biomphalaria glabrata, a double impact. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:486. [PMID: 32967724 PMCID: PMC7513307 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04367-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freshwater snails are the intermediate hosts of a large variety of trematode flukes such as Schistosoma mansoni responsible for one of the most important parasitic diseases caused by helminths, affecting 67 million people worldwide. Recently, the WHO Global Vector Control Response 2017–2030 (GVCR) programme reinforced its message for safer molluscicides as part of required strategies to strengthen vector control worldwide. Here, we present the essential oil from Eryngium triquetrum as a powerful product with molluscicide and parasiticide effect against S. mansoni and the snail intermediate host Biomphalaria glabrata. Methods In the present study, we describe using several experimental approaches, the chemical composition of E. triquetrum essential oil extract and its biological effects against the snail B. glabrata and its parasite S. mansoni. Vector and the free-swimming larval stages of the parasite were exposed to different oil concentrations to determine the lethal concentration required to produce a mortality of 50% (LC50) and 90% (LC90). In addition, toxic activity of this essential oil was analyzed against embryos of B. glabrata snails by monitoring egg hatching and snail development. Also, short-time exposure to sublethal molluscicide concentrations on S. mansoni miracidia was performed to test a potential effect on parasite infectivity on snails. Mortality of miracidia and cercariae of S. mansoni is complete for 5, 1 and 0.5 ppm of oil extract after 1 and 4 h exposure. Results The major chemical component found in E. triquetrum oil determined by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses is an aliphatic polyacetylene molecule, the falcarinol with 86.9–93.1% of the total composition. The LC50 and LC90 values for uninfected snails were 0.61 and 1.02 ppm respectively for 24 h exposure. At 0.5 ppm, the essential oil was two times more toxic to parasitized snails with a mortality rate of 88.8 ± 4.8%. Moderate embryonic lethal effects were observed at the concentration of 1 ppm. Severe surface damage in miracidia was observed with a general loss of cilia that probably cause their immobility. Miracidia exposed 30 min to low concentration of plant extract (0.1 ppm) were less infective with 3.3% of prevalence compare to untreated with a prevalence of 44%. Conclusions Essential oil extracted from E. triquetrum and falcarinol must be considered as a promising product for the development of new interventions for schistosomiasis control and could proceed to be tested on Phase II according to the WHO requirements. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto
- University Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Perpignan, France.,University Montpellier, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Nadjiya Merad
- Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Université de Tlemcen, Laboratoire COSNA, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Anne Rognon
- University Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Perpignan, France.,University Montpellier, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- University Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Perpignan, France.,University Montpellier, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Montpellier, France
| | - Cédric Bertrand
- EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence «CORAIL», Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France.,S.A.S. AkiNaO, Perpignan, France
| | - Nassim Djabou
- Faculté des Sciences, Département de Chimie, Université de Tlemcen, Laboratoire COSNA, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - David Duval
- University Perpignan Via Domitia, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Perpignan, France. .,University Montpellier, IHPE, UMR 5244, CNRS, IFREMER, Montpellier, France.
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8
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Rebello KM, Borges JN, Teixeira A, Perales J, Santos CP. Proteomic analysis of Ascocotyle longa (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) metacercariae. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2020; 239:111311. [PMID: 32745491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2020.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ascocotyle longa is parasitic trematode with wide distribution throughout America, Europe, Africa, and Middle East. Despite the fact that this fish-borne pathogen has been considered an agent of human heterophyiasis in Brazil, the molecules involved in the host-parasite interaction remain unknown. The present study reports the proteome profile of A. longa metacercariae collected from the fish Mugil liza from Brazil. This infective stage for humans, mammals and birds was analyzed using nLC-MS/MS approach. We identified a large repertoire of proteins, which are mainly involved in energy metabolism and cell structure. Peptidases and immunogenic proteins were also identified, which might play roles in host-parasite interface. Our data provided unprecedented insights into the biology of A. longa and represent a first step to understand the natural host-parasite interaction. Moreover, as the first proteome characterized in this trematode, it will provide an important resource for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina M Rebello
- Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Juliana N Borges
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Teixeira
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Perales
- Laboratório de Toxinologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia P Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tavares NC, Gava SG, Torres GP, de Paiva CÊS, Moreira BP, Lunkes FMN, Montresor LC, Caldeira RL, Mourão MM. Schistosoma mansoni FES Tyrosine Kinase Involvement in the Mammalian Schistosomiasis Outcome and Miracidia Infection Capability in Biomphalaria glabrata. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:963. [PMID: 32595609 PMCID: PMC7300192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by helminthes from the Schistosoma genus. This NTD can cause systemic symptoms induced by the deposition of parasite eggs in the host liver, promoting severe complications. Functional studies to increase knowledge about parasite biology are required for the identification of new drug targets, because the treatment is solely based on praziquantel administration, a drug in which the mechanism of action is still unknown. Protein kinases are important for cellular adaptation and maintenance of many organisms homeostasis and, thus, are considered good drug targets for many pathologies. Accordingly, those proteins are also important for Schistosoma mansoni, as the parasite relies on specific environmental signals to develop into its different stages. However, the specific roles of protein kinases in S. mansoni biology are not well understood. This work aims at investigating the tyrosine-protein kinase FES (Feline Sarcoma) functions in the maintenance of S. mansoni life cycle, especially in the establishment of mammalian and invertebrate hosts' infection. In this regard, the verification of Smfes expression among S. mansoni stages showed that Smfes is more expressed in infective free-living stages: miracidia and cercariae. Schistosomula exposed to SmFES-dsRNA in vitro presented a reduction in movement and size and increased mortality. Mice infected with Smfes-knocked-down schistosomula exhibited a striking reduction in the area of liver granuloma and an increased rate of immature eggs in the intestine. Female adult worms recovered from mice presented a reduced size and changes in the ovary and vitellarium; and males exhibited damage in the gynecophoral canal. Subsequently, miracidia hatched from eggs exposed to SmFES-dsRNA presented changes in its capability to infect and to sense the snail mucus. In addition, the SmFES RNAi effect was stable from miracidia to cercariae. The establishment of infection with those cercariae reproduced the same alterations observed for the knocked-down schistosomula infection. Our findings show that SmFES tyrosine kinase (1) is important in schistosomula development and survival; (2) has a role in adult worms pairing and, consequently, female maturation; (3) might be essential for egg antigen expression, thus responsible for inducing granuloma formation and immunomodulation; and (4) is essential for miracidia infection capability. In addition, this is the first time that a gene is kept knocked down during three different S. mansoni life stages and that a tyrosine kinase is implicated in the parasite reproduction and infection establishment in the mammalian host. Accordingly, SmFES should be explored as an alternative to support schistosomiasis treatment and morbidity control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Clemente Tavares
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sandra Grossi Gava
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Parreiras Torres
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Clara Ênia Soares de Paiva
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Pereira Moreira
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Miguel Nery Lunkes
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Langia Colli Montresor
- Moluscário Lobato Paraense, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Roberta Lima Caldeira
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Moraes Mourão
- Grupo de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Augusto RDC, Rey O, Cosseau C, Chaparro C, Vidal-Dupiol J, Allienne JF, Duval D, Pinaud S, Tönges S, Andriantsoa R, Luquet E, Aubret F, Dia Sow M, David P, Thomson V, Joly D, Gomes Lima M, Federico D, Danchin E, Minoda A, Grunau C. A simple ATAC-seq protocol for population epigenetics. Wellcome Open Res 2020; 5:121. [PMID: 33521328 PMCID: PMC7814285 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15552.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here a protocol for the generation of sequence-ready libraries for population epigenomics studies. The protocol is a streamlined version of the Assay for transposase accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) that provides a positive display of accessible, presumably euchromatic regions. The protocol is straightforward and can be used with small individuals such as daphnia and schistosome worms, and probably many other biological samples of comparable size, and it requires little molecular biology handling expertise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
- LBMC, Laboratoire de Biologie et Modélisation de la Cellule Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5239, INSERM, U1210, Lyon, 69007, France
| | - Oliver Rey
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Cosseau
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Cristian Chaparro
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémie Vidal-Dupiol
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Allienne
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - David Duval
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Silvain Pinaud
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sina Tönges
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ranja Andriantsoa
- Division of Epigenetics, DKFZ ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Emilien Luquet
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Villeurbanne, 69622, France
| | - Fabien Aubret
- CNRS,Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, Université Paul Sabatier, Moulis, 09200, France
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | | | - Patrice David
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, CEFE, F-34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Vicki Thomson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 5005, Australia
| | - Dominique Joly
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes Comportement, Ecologie, CNRS Université Paris Sud UMR 9191, Gif sur Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Mariana Gomes Lima
- Laboratório de Malacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Déborah Federico
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse; CNRS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Etienne Danchin
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique (EDB UMR 5174), Université Fédérale de Toulouse; CNRS, Toulouse, 31062, France
| | - Aki Minoda
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Epigenome Technology Exploration Unit, Tsurumi, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christoph Grunau
- Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, UPVD, IHPE, F-66000 Perpignan and F-34095, Montpellier, France
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Maier T, Wheeler NJ, Namigai EKO, Tycko J, Grewelle RE, Woldeamanuel Y, Klohe K, Perez-Saez J, Sokolow SH, De Leo GA, Yoshino TP, Zamanian M, Reinhard-Rupp J. Gene drives for schistosomiasis transmission control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007833. [PMID: 31856157 PMCID: PMC6922350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of the most important and widespread neglected tropical diseases (NTD), with over 200 million people infected in more than 70 countries; the disease has nearly 800 million people at risk in endemic areas. Although mass drug administration is a cost-effective approach to reduce occurrence, extent, and severity of the disease, it does not provide protection to subsequent reinfection. Interventions that target the parasites’ intermediate snail hosts are a crucial part of the integrated strategy required to move toward disease elimination. The recent revolution in gene drive technology naturally leads to questions about whether gene drives could be used to efficiently spread schistosome resistance traits in a population of snails and whether gene drives have the potential to contribute to reduced disease transmission in the long run. Responsible implementation of gene drives will require solutions to complex challenges spanning multiple disciplines, from biology to policy. This Review Article presents collected perspectives from practitioners of global health, genome engineering, epidemiology, and snail/schistosome biology and outlines strategies for responsible gene drive technology development, impact measurements of gene drives for schistosomiasis control, and gene drive governance. Success in this arena is a function of many factors, including gene-editing specificity and efficiency, the level of resistance conferred by the gene drive, how fast gene drives may spread in a metapopulation over a complex landscape, ecological sustainability, social equity, and, ultimately, the reduction of infection prevalence in humans. With combined efforts from across the broad global health community, gene drives for schistosomiasis control could fortify our defenses against this devastating disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Maier
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas James Wheeler
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Global Health Institute of Merck (KGaA), Eysins, Switzerland
| | | | - Josh Tycko
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Richard Ernest Grewelle
- Hopkins Marine Station, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Javier Perez-Saez
- Laboratory of Ecohydrology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Giulio A. De Leo
- Hopkins Marine Station, School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy P. Yoshino
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mostafa Zamanian
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Paula-Andrade CD, Coelho PRS, Nascimento RAP, Mota PMPC, Romano-Silva MA, Alvarenga KAFD, Schall VT, Pimenta DN, Coelho PMZ, Oliveira E. Development of a natural molluscicide prototype kit (MoluSchall) for the control of schistosomiasis mansoni transmission. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2019; 52:e20190252. [PMID: 31618284 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0252-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Brazil, Biomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila, and B. straminea are intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni, the etiological agent of schistosomiasis mansoni. Molluscicide use is recommended by the WHO for controlling the transmission of this parasite. Euphorbia milii latex has shown promising results as an alternative molluscicide. Thus, a natural molluscicide prototype kit based on freeze-dried E. milii latex was developed and evaluated against Biomphalaria spp. METHODS E. milii latex was collected, processed, and lyophilized. Two diluents were defined for freeze-dried latex rehydration, and a prototype kit, called MoluSchall, was produced. A stability test was conducted using prototype kits stored at different temperatures, and a toxicity assay was performed using Danio rerio. Additionally, MoluSchall was tested against B. glabrata under semi-natural conditions according to defined conditions in the laboratory. RESULTS MoluSchall was lethal to three Brazilian snail species while exhibiting low toxicity to D. rerio. Regardless of storage temperature, MoluSchall was stable for 24 months and was effective against B. glabrata under semi-natural conditions, with the same LD100 as observed under laboratory conditions. CONCLUSIONS MoluSchall is a natural, effective, and inexpensive molluscicide with lower environmental toxicity than existing molluscicides. Its production offers a possible alternative strategy for controlling S. mansoni transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia de Paula-Andrade
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Oncológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Silva Coelho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Oncológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório de Neurociência, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Virgínia Torres Schall
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Denise Nacif Pimenta
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Paulo Marcos Zech Coelho
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Diagnóstico e Terapia de Doenças Infecciosas e Oncológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Edward Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto René Rachou, Pesquisa Clínica e Políticas Públicas em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
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13
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Augusto RDC, Duval D, Grunau C. Effects of the Environment on Developmental Plasticity and Infection Success of Schistosoma Parasites - An Epigenetic Perspective. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1475. [PMID: 31354641 PMCID: PMC6632547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of how environmental cues affect the phenotypes of, and compatibility between Schistosoma mansoni and their hosts come from studies in environmental parasitology and research on host diet and chemotherapeutic treatment. Schistosomes deal with a multitude of signals from the water environment as well as cues that come from their hosts, particularly in response to molecules that serve to recognize and destroy them, i.e., those molecules that arise from their hosts' immune systems. These interactions shape, not only the parasite's morphology, metabolism and behavior in the short-term, but also their infection success and development into different stage-specific phenotypes later in their life cycle, through the modification of the parasite's inheritance system. Developmental phenotypic plasticity of S. mansoni is based on epigenetic mechanisms which are also sensitive to environmental cues, but are poorly understood. Here, we argue that specific cues from the environment could lead to changes in parasite development and infectivity, and consequently, environmental signals that come from environmental control measures could be used to influence S. mansoni dynamics and transmission. This approach poses a challenge since epigenetic modification can lead to unexpected and undesired outcomes. However, we suggest that a better understanding of how environmental cues are interpreted by epigenome during schistosome development and host interactions could potentially be applied to control parasite's virulence. We review evidence about the role of environmental cues on the phenotype of S. mansoni and the compatibility between this parasite and its intermediate and definitive hosts.
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Hershberger PK, Besijn BL, MacKenzie AH, Wilmot ML. Susceptibility of Nanophyetus salmincola Cercariae to Formalin, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Seawater. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2019; 31:56-60. [PMID: 30357918 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability of formalin, PEROX-AID (hydrogen peroxide), and seawater to kill waterborne Nanophyetus salmincola cercariae was evaluated in vitro. Newly emerged cercariae survived for extended periods in freshwater, with 53-73% survival occurring in negative control groups after 24 h. Exposure to dilutions of formalin reduced this survival time, with 0% of cercariae surviving after 30 min in 450 μL/L, 40 min in 225 μL/L, and 300 min in 113 μL/L. Exposure to PEROX-AID (hydrogen peroxide) for 1 h resulted in reduced cercarial survival (16.4%) only at the highest concentration (100 μL/L), compared with 100% survival in the untreated controls and all lesser concentrations. Exposure to dilutions of seawater resulted in reduced cercarial survival only at high salinities (15.2-30.3‰), where 10-min exposures resulted in 0-20% survival. These results provide insights into options for prophylactic water treatment at salmonid enhancement facilities that experience high mortalities due to infections with Nanophyetus salmincola. Further, the intolerance of live cercariae to high salinities indicates that exposure to fish occurs primarily in the freshwater portions of watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Hershberger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, Washington, 98358, USA
| | - B L Besijn
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, Washington, 98358, USA
| | - A H MacKenzie
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, Washington, 98358, USA
| | - M L Wilmot
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, Washington, 98358, USA
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Phytochemical Molluscicides and Schistosomiasis: What We Know and What We Still Need to Learn. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5040094. [PMID: 30404145 PMCID: PMC6313863 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5040094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide schistosomiasis remains a serious public health problem with approximately 67 million people infected and 200 million at risk of infection from inhabiting or transiting endemically active regions. Africa, South America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East are the main transmission regions of Schistosoma mansoni. The fight against transmission through the use of molluscicides is not recent and has been advocated as the only activity with the possibility of interruption of transmission in small, epidemiologically active outbreaks. Euphorbia milii var. hislopii (syn. splendens) (Des Moulins, 1826) is the most promising for use in official schistosomiasis control programs according to the WHO. In this review, we show that an understanding of some how E. milii latex affects the snail vector and their parasites from a molecular level to field conditions is lacking. On the other hand, this type of treatment could also provide a rationale for the control of schistosomiasis and other parasitosis. Several publications contribute to enforcing the use of E. milii latex in endemic countries as a cheap alternative or complement to mass drug treatment with praziquantel, the only available drug to cure the patients (without preventing re-infection).
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Histone methylation changes are required for life cycle progression in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007066. [PMID: 29782530 PMCID: PMC5983875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms and chromatin structure play an important role in development. Their impact is therefore expected to be strong in parasites with complex life cycles and multiple, strikingly different, developmental stages, i.e. developmental plasticity. Some studies have already described how the chromatin structure, through histone modifications, varies from a developmental stage to another in a few unicellular parasites. While H3K4me3 profiles remain relatively constant, H3K27 trimethylation and bivalent methylation show strong variation. Inhibitors (A366 and GSK343) of H3K27 histone methyltransferase activity in S. mansoni efficiently blocked miracidium to sporocyst transition indicating that H3K27 trimethylation is required for life cycle progression. As S. mansoni is a multicellular parasite that significantly affects both the health and economy of endemic areas, a better understanding of fluke developmental processes within the definitive host will likely highlight novel disease control strategies. Towards this goal, we also studied H4K20me1 in female cercariae and adults. In particular, we found that bivalent trimethylation of H3K4 and H3K27 at the transcription start site of genes is a landmark of the cercarial stage. In cercariae, H3K27me3 presence and strong enrichment in H4K20me1 over long regions (10–100 kb) is associated with development related genes. Here, we provide a broad overview of the chromatin structure of a metazoan parasite throughout its most important lifecycle stages. The five developmental stages studied here present distinct chromatin structures, indicating that histone methylation plays an important role during development. Hence, components of the histone methylation (and demethylation) machinery may provide suitable Schistosomiasis control targets. Schistosoma mansoni is a parasitic flatworm and causative agent of intestinal schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease affecting 67 million people worldwide. The parasite has a complex life cycle involving two consecutive obligate hosts (a poikilotherm snail and a homeotherm mammal) and two transitions between these hosts as free-swimming larvae. Here, we show that the chromatin structure of five different developmental stages is characterized by specific changes in chemical modifications of histones, basic proteins that are closely associated with DNA (trimethylation of lysines 4 and 27 and histone H3, and monomethylation of lysine 20 on histone H4). These modifications occur around protein coding genes as well as within repetitive genomic elements. A functional role for histone methylation during schistosome development was elucidated by the use of epi-drugs targeting G9a/GLP and EZH2 histone methyltransferase orthologs in S. mansoni. Our results indicate that histone methylation plays an important role during schistosome development and suggest that the enzymes responsible for maintaining these chromatin modifications are suitable targets for anti-schistosomal drugs.
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