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Ferreira MU, Crainey JL, Gobbi FG. The search for better treatment strategies for mansonellosis: an expert perspective. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1685-1692. [PMID: 37477269 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2240235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Four species of the Mansonella genus infect millions of people across sub-Saharan Africa and Central and South America. Most infections are asymptomatic, but mansonellosis can be associated with nonspecific clinical manifestations such as fever, headache, arthralgia, and ocular lesions (M. ozzardi); pruritus, arthralgia, abdominal pain, angioedema, skin rash, and fatigue (M. perstans and perhaps Mansonella sp. 'DEUX'); and pruritic dermatitis and chronic lymphadenitis (M. perstans). AREAS COVERED We searched the PubMed and SciELO databases for publications on mansonelliasis in English, Spanish, Portuguese, or French that appeared until 1 May 2023. Literature data show that anthelmintics - single-dose ivermectin for M. ozzardi, repeated doses of mebendazole alone or in combination with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) for M. perstans, and DEC alone for M. streptocerca - are effective against microfilariae. Antibiotics that target Wolbachia endosymbionts, such as doxycycline, are likely to kill adult worms of most, if not all, Mansonella species, but the currently recommended 6-week regimen is relatively impractical. New anthelmintics and shorter antibiotic regimens (e.g. with rifampin) have shown promise in experimental filarial infections and may proceed to clinical trials. EXPERT OPINION We recommend that human infections with Mansonella species be treated, regardless of any apparent clinical manifestations. We argue that mansonellosis, despite being widely considered a benign infection, may represent a direct or indirect cause of significant morbidity that remains poorly characterized at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - James Lee Crainey
- Laboratory of Ecology and Transmissible Diseases in the Amazon, Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Federico G Gobbi
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Sinha A, Li Z, Poole CB, Morgan RD, Ettwiller L, Lima NF, Ferreira MU, Fombad FF, Wanji S, Carlow CKS. Genomes of the human filarial parasites Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1139343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The filarial parasites Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans, causative agents of mansonellosis, infect hundreds of millions of people worldwide, yet remain among the most understudied of the human filarial pathogens. M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in Latin American countries and Caribbean Islands, while M. perstans is predominantly found in sub-Saharan Africa as well as in a few areas in South America. In addition to the differences in their geographical distribution, the two parasites are transmitted by different insect vectors, as well as exhibit differences in their responses to commonly used anthelminthic drugs. The lack of genome information has hindered investigations into the biology and evolution of Mansonella parasites and understanding the molecular basis of the clinical differences between species. In the current study, high quality genomes of two independent clinical isolates of M. perstans from Cameroon and two M. ozzardi isolates one from Brazil and one from Venezuela are reported. The genomes are approximately 76 Mb in size, encode about 10,000 genes each, and are largely complete based on BUSCO scores of about 90%, similar to other completed filarial genomes. These sequences represent the first genomes from Mansonella parasites and enabled a comparative genomic analysis of the similarities and differences between Mansonella and other filarial parasites. Horizontal DNA transfers (HDT) from mitochondria (nuMTs) as well as transfers from genomes of endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria (nuWTs) to the host nuclear genome were identified and analyzed. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of known targets of anti-filarial drugs diethylcarbamazine (DEC), ivermectin and mebendazole revealed that all known target genes were present in both species, except for the DEC target encoded by gon-2 gene, which is fragmented in genome assemblies from both M. ozzardi isolates. These new reference genome sequences will provide a valuable resource for further studies on biology, symbiosis, evolution and drug discovery.
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Eberhardt N, Bergero G, Mazzocco Mariotta YL, Aoki MP. Purinergic modulation of the immune response to infections. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:93-113. [PMID: 34997903 PMCID: PMC8742569 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases are caused by the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites. After infection, disease progression relies on the complex interplay between the host immune response and the microorganism evasion strategies. The host's survival depends on its ability to mount an efficient protective anti-microbial response to accomplish pathogen clearance while simultaneously preventing tissue injury by keeping under control the excessive inflammatory process. The purinergic system has the dual function of regulating the immune response and triggering effector antimicrobial mechanisms. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity driven by the purinergic system during parasitic, bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Eberhardt
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Present Address: Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Gastón Bergero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yanina L. Mazzocco Mariotta
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M. Pilar Aoki
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET) - Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Haya de La Torre and Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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Horn S, Borrero-Wolff D, Ritter M, Arndts K, Wiszniewsky A, Debrah LB, Debrah AY, Osei-Mensah J, Chachage M, Hoerauf A, Kroidl I, Layland LE. Distinct Immune Profiles of Exhausted Effector and Memory CD8 + T Cells in Individuals With Filarial Lymphedema. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:680832. [PMID: 34485170 PMCID: PMC8415778 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.680832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are crucial for the clearance of viral infections, and current research begins to highlight their importance in parasitic diseases too. In-depth research about characteristics of CD8+ T-cell subsets and exhaustion remains uncertain, especially during filariasis, a chronic helminth infection. Lymphatic filariasis, elicited by Wuchereria bancrofti, remains a serious health problem in endemic areas in Ghana, especially in those suffering from morbidity due to lymphedema (LE). In this observational study, the characteristics and profiles of CD8+ T cells were compared between asymptomatic Wuchereria bancrofti-infected individuals, uninfected endemic normals, and those with LE (grades 2–6). Focusing on exhausted memory (CD8+exmem: CD8+ T-betdimEomeshi) and effector (CD8+exeff: CD8+T-bethiEomesdim) CD8+ T-cell subsets, advanced flow cytometry revealed that LE individuals presented reduced frequencies of IFN-γ+CD8+exmem T cells expressing Tim-3 or LAG-3 which negatively correlated to the presence of LE. Moreover, the LE cohort further showed significantly higher frequencies of IL-10+CD8+exeff T cells expressing either Tim-3, LAG-3, CD39, KLRG-1, or PD-1, all associated markers of exhaustion, and that these frequencies positively correlated with the presence of LE. In summary, this study shows that distinct exhausted CD8+ T-cell subsets are prominent in individuals suffering from LE, suggesting that enhanced inflammation and constant immune activation might drive exhaustion of CD8+ T cells. Since T-cell exhaustion is known to be associated with insufficient control of persisting antigen, the data presented here reveals that these CD8+ T-cell exhaustion patterns in filarial LE should be taken into consideration for prevention and control management of LE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Horn
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Dennis Borrero-Wolff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Manuel Ritter
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kathrin Arndts
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Wiszniewsky
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Linda Batsa Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Alexander Y Debrah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana.,Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Sciences and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Jubin Osei-Mensah
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Filariasis Unit, Kumasi, Ghana.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Kumasi, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Mkunde Chachage
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR)-Mbeya Medical Research Center (MMRC), Department of Immunology, Mbeya, Tanzania.,University of Dar es Salaam-Mbeya College of Health and Allied Sciences (UDSM-MCHAS), Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Inge Kroidl
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura E Layland
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology (IMMIP), University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German-West African Centre for Global Health and Pandemic Prevention (G-WAC), Partner Site, Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Neglected Tropical Disease, partner site, Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
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Doyen V, Corazza F, Nhu Thi H, Le Chi T, Truyens C, Nagant C, Tran Thi Mong H, Fils JF, Thi Ngoc Huynh P, Michel O. Hookworm treatment induces a decrease of suppressive regulatory T cell associated with a Th2 inflammatory response. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252921. [PMID: 34111180 PMCID: PMC8191899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Like other helminths, hookworms (HW) induce a regulatory immune response able to modulate and dampen reactivity of the host to antigens. No data about the evolution of the immune response after treatment are available. We aim to phenotype the regulatory immune response during natural HW infection and its evolution after treatment. Methodology Twenty hookworm infected (HW+) and 14 non-infected subjects HW–from endemic area in the periphery of Ho Chi Minh City were included. Blood and feces samples were obtained before, 2 and 4 weeks after treatment with Albendazole 400mg. Additional samples were obtained at 3 and 12 months in the HW+ group. Hematological parameters, Treg (CD4+CD25hiFoxP3hi) and surface molecules (CD39, CD62L, ICOS, PD-1, CD45RA) were measured as well as inflammatory and lymphocytes differentiation cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-4, IL-17, IL-10, IL-2 and TGFβ. Results HW+ subjects showed higher Treg, TregICOS+, Treg PD1-, TregCD62L+ and CD45RA+FoxP3lo resting Treg (rTreg). CD45RA-FoxP3lo non-suppressive Treg cells were also increased. No preferential Th1/Th2 orientation was observed, nor difference for IL-10 between two groups. After treatment, Treg, TregICOS+, TregCD62L+, Treg PD1- and rTreg decreased while IL-4 and IL-6 cytokines increased. Conclusion During HW infection, Treg are increased and characterized by a heterogeneous population: a highly suppressive as well as a non-suppressive T cells phenotype. After treatment, Treg with immune-suppressive phenotype exhibited a decrease parallel to an inflammatory Th2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Doyen
- Laboratory of Translational Research, ULB223, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Clinic of Immunoallergology, CHU Brugmann, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, ULB223, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Immunology Laboratory, LHUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hoa Nhu Thi
- Parasitology and Mycology Department, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Le Chi
- Immunology Laboratory, Pasteur Institute, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Carine Truyens
- Parasitology Laboratory, ULB Center for Research in immunology (U-CRI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carole Nagant
- Laboratory of Translational Research, ULB223, CHU Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Immunology Laboratory, LHUB-ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hiep Tran Thi Mong
- Department of Family Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Olivier Michel
- Clinic of Immunoallergology, CHU Brugmann, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
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Ferreira MU, Crainey JL, Luz SLB. Mansonella ozzardi. Trends Parasitol 2020; 37:90-91. [PMID: 33168424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo U Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - James Lee Crainey
- Laboratory of Ecology and Transmissible Diseases in the Amazon, Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio L B Luz
- Laboratory of Ecology and Transmissible Diseases in the Amazon, Leônidas and Maria Deane Institute, Fiocruz, Manaus, Brazil
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In Silico Identification of Novel Biomarkers and Development of New Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Filarial Parasites Mansonella perstans and Mansonella ozzardi. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10275. [PMID: 31311985 PMCID: PMC6635353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mansonelliasis is a widespread yet neglected tropical infection of humans in Africa and South America caused by the filarial nematodes, Mansonella perstans, M. ozzardi, M. rodhaini and M. streptocerca. Clinical symptoms are non-distinct and diagnosis mainly relies on the detection of microfilariae in skin or blood. Species-specific DNA repeat sequences have been used as highly sensitive biomarkers for filarial nematodes. We have developed a bioinformatic pipeline to mine Illumina reads obtained from sequencing M. perstans and M. ozzardi genomic DNA for new repeat biomarker candidates which were used to develop loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) diagnostic tests. The M. perstans assay based on the Mp419 repeat has a limit of detection of 0.1 pg, equivalent of 1/1000th of a microfilaria, while the M. ozzardi assay based on the Mo2 repeat can detect as little as 0.01 pg. Both LAMP tests possess remarkable species-specificity as they did not amplify non-target DNAs from closely related filarial species, human or vectors. We show that both assays perform successfully on infected human samples. Additionally, we demonstrate the suitability of Mp419 to detect M. perstans infection in Culicoides midges. These new tools are field deployable and suitable for the surveillance of these understudied filarial infections.
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Abrahim CMM, Py-Daniel V, Luz SLB, Fraiji NA, Stefani MMA. Detection of Mansonella ozzardi
among blood donors from highly endemic interior cities of Amazonas state, northern Brazil. Transfusion 2018; 59:1044-1051. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M. M. Abrahim
- HEMOAM, Departamento de Pesquisa; Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado do Amazonas; Manaus Brasil
| | - Victor Py-Daniel
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas; Brasilia Brasil
| | - Sergio L. B. Luz
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane; Manaus Brasil
| | - Nelson A. Fraiji
- HEMOAM, Departamento de Pesquisa; Fundação Hospitalar de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado do Amazonas; Manaus Brasil
| | - Mariane M. A. Stefani
- Departamento de Imunologia, Microbiologia; Patologia Geral e Parasitologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, IPTSP, Universidade Federal de Goiás UFG; Goiânia Brasil
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