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de Alecrin ES, Martins MAP, de Oliveira ALG, Lyon S, Lages ATC, Reis IA, Pereira FH, Oliveira D, Goulart IMB, da Costa Rocha MO. Models for predicting the risk of illness in leprosy contacts in Brazil: Leprosy prediction models in Brazilian contacts. Trop Med Int Health 2024. [PMID: 38961761 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to develop and validate predictive models that assess the risk of leprosy development among contacts, contributing to an enhanced understanding of disease occurrence in this population. METHODS A cohort of 600 contacts of people with leprosy treated at the National Reference Center for Leprosy and Health Dermatology at the Federal University of Uberlândia (CREDESH/HC-UFU) was followed up between 2002 and 2022. The database was divided into two parts: two-third to construct the disease risk score and one-third to validate this score. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to construct the disease score. RESULTS Of the four models constructed, model 3, which included the variables anti-phenolic glycolipid I immunoglobulin M positive, absence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine scar and age ≥60 years, was considered the best for identifying a higher risk of illness, with a specificity of 89.2%, a positive predictive value of 60% and an accuracy of 78%. CONCLUSIONS Risk prediction models can contribute to the management of leprosy contacts and the systematisation of contact surveillance protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilamar Silva de Alecrin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora Parreiras Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Grossi de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sandra Lyon
- Fundação Hospitalar do Estado de Minas Gerais, Hospital Eduardo de Menezes Hospital, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Curso de Medicina, Faculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Thereza Chaves Lages
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ilka Afonso Reis
- Departamento de Estatística, Instituto de ciências exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Henrique Pereira
- Pró-Reitoria de Graduação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dulcinea Oliveira
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Bernardes Goulart
- Centro de Referência Nacional em Dermatologia Sanitária e Hanseníase, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU/EBSERH), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel Otávio da Costa Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Deiana G, Sun R, Huang J, Napolioni V, Ciccocioppo R. Contribution of infectious diseases to the selection of ADH1B and ALDH2 gene variants in Asian populations. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:855-866. [PMID: 38462538 PMCID: PMC11073917 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gene variants ADH1B*2 (Arg48His, rs1229984) and ALDH2*2 (Glu504Lys, rs671) are common in East Asian populations but rare in other populations. We propose that selective pressures from pathogen exposure and dietary changes during the neolithic transition favored these variants. Thus, their current association with differences in alcohol sensitivity likely results from phenotypic plasticity rather than direct natural selection. METHODS Samples sourced from the Allele Frequency Database (ALFRED) were utilized to compute the average frequency of ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*2 across 88 and 61 countries, respectively. Following computation of the average national allele frequencies, we tested the significance of their correlations with ecological variables. Subsequently, we subjected them to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Elastic Net regularization. For comprehensive evaluation, we collected individual-level phenotypic associations, compiling a Phenome-Wide Association Study (PheWAS) spanning multiple ethnicities. RESULTS Following multiple testing correction, ADH1B*2 displayed significant correlations with Neolithic transition timing (r = 0.405, p.adj = 2.013e-03, n = 57) and historical trypanosome burden (r = -0.418, p.adj = 0.013, n = 57). The first two components of PCA explained 47.7% of the total variability across countries, with the top three contributors being the historical indices of population density and trypanosome and leprosy burdens. Historical burdens of the Mycobacteria tuberculosis and leprosy were the sole predictive variables with positive coefficients that survived Elastic Net regularization. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses suggest that Mycobacteria may have played a role in the joint selection of ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*2, expanding the "toxic aldehyde hypothesis" to include Mycobacterium leprae. Additionally, our hypothesis, linked to dietary shifts from rice domestication, emphasizes nutritional deficiencies as a key element in the selective pressure exerted by Mycobacteria. This offers a plausible explanation for the high frequency of ADH1B*2 and ALDH2*2 in Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Deiana
- Center for Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino
| | - Ruinan Sun
- Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Valerio Napolioni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino
| | - Roberto Ciccocioppo
- Center for Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino
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Spekker O, Tihanyi B, Kis L, Madai Á, Pálfi G, Csuvár-Andrási R, Wicker E, Szalontai C, Samu L, Koncz I, Marcsik A, Molnár E. Leprosy: The age-old companion of humans - Re-evaluation and comparative analysis of Avar-period cases with Hansen's disease from the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 142:102393. [PMID: 37684080 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, our knowledge of leprosy in the past has substantially been enriched. Nonetheless, much still remains to be discovered, especially in regions and periods from where no written sources are available. To fill in some research gaps, we provide the comparative analysis of eight Avar-period leprosy cases from the Danube-Tisza Interfluve (Hungary). In every case, to reconstruct the biological consequences of leprosy, the detected bony changes were linked with palaeopathological and modern medical information. To reconstruct the social consequences of being affected by leprosy, conceptualisation of the examined individuals' treatment in death was conducted. In every case, the disease resulted in deformation and disfigurement of the involved anatomical areas (rhinomaxillary region, feet, and/or hands) with difficulties in conducting certain physical activities. These would have been disadvantageous for the examined individuals and limited or changed their possibilities to participate in social situations. The most severe cases would have required continuous support from others to survive. Our findings indicate that, despite their very visible disease and associated debility, the examined communities did not segregate leprosy sufferers but provided and cared for them, and maintained a strong enough social network that made their survival possible even after becoming incapable of self-sufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Spekker
- Ancient and Modern Human Genomics Competence Centre, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum körút 4/B, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Tihanyi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Úri utca 54-56, H-1014, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Luca Kis
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Archaeogenetics, Institute of Hungarian Research, Úri utca 54-56, H-1014, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ágota Madai
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Anthropology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2-6, H-1083, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - György Pálfi
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | - Erika Wicker
- Kecskeméti Katona József Museum, Bethlen körút 1, H-6000, Kecskemét, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Szalontai
- National Institute of Archaeology, Hungarian National Museum, Múzeum körút 14-16, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Levente Samu
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum körút 4/B, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Koncz
- Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Múzeum körút 4/B, H-1088, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Antónia Marcsik
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Erika Molnár
- Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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de Andrade Rodrigues RS, Heise EFJ, Hartmann LF, Rocha GE, Olandoski M, de Araújo Stefani MM, Latini ACP, Soares CT, Belone A, Rosa PS, de Andrade Pontes MA, de Sá Gonçalves H, Cruz R, Penna MLF, Carvalho DR, Fava VM, Bührer-Sékula S, Penna GO, Moro CMC, Nievola JC, Mira MT. Prediction of the occurrence of leprosy reactions based on Bayesian networks. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1233220. [PMID: 37564037 PMCID: PMC10411956 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1233220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leprosy reactions (LR) are severe episodes of intense activation of the host inflammatory response of uncertain etiology, today the leading cause of permanent nerve damage in leprosy patients. Several genetic and non-genetic risk factors for LR have been described; however, there are limited attempts to combine this information to estimate the risk of a leprosy patient developing LR. Here we present an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system that can assess LR risk using clinical, demographic, and genetic data. Methods The study includes four datasets from different regions of Brazil, totalizing 1,450 leprosy patients followed prospectively for at least 2 years to assess the occurrence of LR. Data mining using WEKA software was performed following a two-step protocol to select the variables included in the AI system, based on Bayesian Networks, and developed using the NETICA software. Results Analysis of the complete database resulted in a system able to estimate LR risk with 82.7% accuracy, 79.3% sensitivity, and 86.2% specificity. When using only databases for which host genetic information associated with LR was included, the performance increased to 87.7% accuracy, 85.7% sensitivity, and 89.4% specificity. Conclusion We produced an easy-to-use, online, free-access system that identifies leprosy patients at risk of developing LR. Risk assessment of LR for individual patients may detect candidates for close monitoring, with a potentially positive impact on the prevention of permanent disabilities, the quality of life of the patients, and upon leprosy control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Saraiva de Andrade Rodrigues
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ferreira José Heise
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcia Olandoski
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Belone
- Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rossilene Cruz
- Tropical Dermatology and Venerology Alfredo da Matta Foundation, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vinicius Medeiros Fava
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, and The McGill International TB Centre, Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Samira Bührer-Sékula
- Tropical Pathology and Public Health Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Gerson Oliveira Penna
- Tropical Medicine Centre, University of Brasília, and Fiocruz School of Government – Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Távora Mira
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná – PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Pharmacy Program, School of Health and Biosciences, PUCPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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5
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Chandler R, Cogo S, Lewis P, Kevei E. Modelling the functional genomics of Parkinson's disease in Caenorhabditis elegans: LRRK2 and beyond. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:BSR20203672. [PMID: 34397087 PMCID: PMC8415217 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, Parkinson's disease (PD) cases have been genetically categorised into familial, when caused by mutations in single genes with a clear inheritance pattern in affected families, or idiopathic, in the absence of an evident monogenic determinant. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed how common genetic variability can explain up to 36% of PD heritability and that PD manifestation is often determined by multiple variants at different genetic loci. Thus, one of the current challenges in PD research stands in modelling the complex genetic architecture of this condition and translating this into functional studies. Caenorhabditis elegans provide a profound advantage as a reductionist, economical model for PD research, with a short lifecycle, straightforward genome engineering and high conservation of PD relevant neural, cellular and molecular pathways. Functional models of PD genes utilising C. elegans show many phenotypes recapitulating pathologies observed in PD. When contrasted with mammalian in vivo and in vitro models, these are frequently validated, suggesting relevance of C. elegans in the development of novel PD functional models. This review will discuss how the nematode C. elegans PD models have contributed to the uncovering of molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease, with a focus on the genes most commonly found as causative in familial PD and risk factors in idiopathic PD. Specifically, we will examine the current knowledge on a central player in both familial and idiopathic PD, Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and how it connects to multiple PD associated GWAS candidates and Mendelian disease-causing genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanna Cogo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, U.K
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121, Italy
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, NW1 0TU, U.K
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Eva Kevei
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AH, U.K
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6
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Jian L, Xiujian S, Yuangang Y, Yan X, Lianchao Y, Duthie MS, Yan W. Evaluation of antibody detection against the NDO-BSA, LID-1 and NDO-LID antigens as confirmatory tests to support the diagnosis of leprosy in Yunnan province, southwest China. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 114:193-199. [PMID: 31667502 PMCID: PMC7092950 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although multidrug therapy (MDT) has been widely used for the treatment of leprosy for nearly 40 y, the disease remains a public health concern in some areas. The early detection of leprosy cases is vital to interrupt Mycobacterium leprae transmission, but currently diagnosis is typically achieved during the recognition of clinical symptoms by professional staff performing physical examinations in conjunction with microbiological assessment of slit skin smears (SSSs) and histopathology. In the last 10 y, serum antibody detection tests have emerged to aid leprosy diagnosis. Here we evaluated the ability of antigens NDO-BSA and LID-1 (ML0405 and ML2331) and the conjugate of these, NDO-LID, to detect antibodies in the sera of 113 leprosy patients and 166 control individuals in Yunnan province in southwest China. We found that each antigen was readily detected by sera from multibacillary (MB) patients, with sensitivities of 97.3%, 97.3% and 98.6% for NDO-BSA, LID-1 and NDO-LID, respectively. Even among paucibacillary (PB) patients the antigens detected antibodies in 74.4%, 56.4% and 69.2% of serum samples, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis indicated that, irrespective of the leprosy case classification as MB or PB, the detection efficiency obtained with NDO-LID was better than that obtained with the other two antigens (with LID-1 being a slightly better than NDO-BSA). Our results indicate the utility of NDO-LID in assisting in the diagnosis of PB and MB leprosy patients and that these antibody detection assays represent powerful diagnostic tools. We suggest that could be implemented into the procedures of local health centres in leprosy-endemic regions to assist in earlier diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jian
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases (100086), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shang Xiujian
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Urumqi 830001, China
| | - You Yuangang
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases (100086), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xing Yan
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases (100086), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yuan Lianchao
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases (100086), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Malcolm S Duthie
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Ave. E, Seattle, WA 98102, USA
| | - Wen Yan
- Beijing Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases (100086), Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
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Predictive nomogram for leprosy using genetic and epidemiological risk factors in Southwestern China: Case-control and prospective analyses. EBioMedicine 2021; 68:103408. [PMID: 34051440 PMCID: PMC8176313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is a high incidence of leprosy among house-contacts compared with the general population. We aimed to establish a predictive model using these genetic factors along with epidemiological factors to predict leprosy risk of leprosy household contacts (HHCs). Methods Weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) encompassing genome wide association studies (GWAS) variants and five non-genetic factors were examined in a case–control design associated with leprosy risk including 589 cases and 647 controls from leprosy HHCs. We constructed a risk prediction nomogram and evaluated its performance by concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. The results were validated using bootstrap resampling with 1000 resamples and a prospective design including 1100 HHCs of leprosy patients. Finding The C-index for the risk model was 0·792 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0·768-0·817), and was confirmed to be 0·780 through bootstrapping validation. The calibration curve for the probability of leprosy showed good agreement between the prediction of the nomogram and actual observation. HHCs were then divided into the low-risk group (nomogram score ≤ 81) and the high-risk group (nomogram score > 81). In prospective analysis, 12 of 1100 participants had leprosy during 63 months’ follow-up. We generated the nomogram for leprosy in the validation cohort (C-index 0·773 [95%CI 0·658-0·888], sensitivity75·0%, specificity 66·8%). Interpretation The nomogram achieved an effective prediction of leprosy in HHCs. Using the model, the risk of an individual contact developing leprosy can be determined, which can lead to a rational preventive choice for tracing higher-risk leprosy contacts. Funding The ministry of health of China, ministry of science and technology of China, Chinese academy of medical sciences, Jiangsu provincial department of science and technology, Nanjing municipal science and technology bureau.
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8
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Shen YL, Long SY, Kong WM, Wu LM, Fei LJ, Yao Q, Wang HS. <p>Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Genes Predisposing to Leprosy in Leprosy Household Contacts in Zhejiang Province, China</p>. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:767-773. [PMID: 33376384 PMCID: PMC7762432 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s286270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Liang Shen
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Yu Long
- Laboratory of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ming Kong
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Wu
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Juan Fei
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, Huzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Qiang Yao Department of Leprosy Control, Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Dermatology, St 61, Wuyuan, Huzhou, Zhejiang313200, People’s Republic of China Email
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Laboratory of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hong-Sheng Wang Laboratory of Leprosy and Other Mycobacterial Infections, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, St 12 Jiangwangmiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu210042, People’s Republic of China Email
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9
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Wang N, Chu T, Li F, Wang Z, Liu D, Chen M, Wang H, Niu G, Liu D, Zhang M, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Li Z, You J, Mao L, Li H, Chen Y, Liu H, Zhang F. The role of an active surveillance strategy of targeting household and neighborhood contacts related to leprosy cases released from treatment in a low-endemic area of China. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008563. [PMID: 32797081 PMCID: PMC7485864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Early diagnosis remains the primary goal for leprosy management programs. This study aims to determine whether active surveillance of patients with leprosy and their contact individuals increased identification of latent leprosy cases in the low-endemic areas. Methods This cross-sectional survey was carried out between October 2014 and August 2016 in 21 counties throughout Shandong Province. The survey was conducted among patients with leprosy released from treatment (RFT) and their contacts from both household and neighbors. Results A total of 2,210 RFT patients and 9,742 contacts comprising 7877 household contacts (HHCs), including 5,844 genetic related family members (GRFMs) and 2033 non-genetic related family members and 1,865 contacts living in neighboring houses (neighbor contacts, NCs), were recruited. Among identified individuals, one relapsed and 13 were newly diagnosed, giving a detection rate of 0.12%, corresponding to 120 times the passive case detection rate. Detection rates were similar for HHCs and NCs (0.114% vs. 0.214%, P = 0.287). Analysis of the family history of leprosy patients revealed clustering of newly diagnosed cases and association with residential coordinates of previously-diagnosed multibacillary leprosy cases. Conclusion Active case-finding programs are feasible and contributes to early case detection by tracking HHCs and NCs in low-endemic areas. Leprosy has been eliminated as a public health problem in 1994 in Shandong Province. However, the district continues to report a relatively high number of cases of leprosy infection involving deformity. Several studies have shown that individuals in contact with people infected with leprosy are at high risk of developing the disease. Subclinical infections among such individuals are important in the chain of M. leprae transmission. Some hyperendemic areas show growing interest in active case finding (ACF). Recent data from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that high rates of relapsed patients, grade 2 disability (G2D) since 2011, and the extensive family history of leprosy among people in Shandong Province P.R. China, indicate a need to reconsider the current approach to leprosy prevention. Active case finding was conducted in 21 counties of Shandong Province among patients with leprosy released from treatment (RFT) and their contacts. We achieved a detection rate of 0.12%, which was much higher than the rate for passive case finding. Our ACF program confirmed the need to implement this strategy among families and neighbors of RFT patients in historically high-endemic areas of leprosy. The program could reduce the risk of G2D by facilitating early detection and treatment, thereby reducing the disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tongsheng Chu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Furong Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dianchang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingfei Chen
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Honglei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guiye Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingkai Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinghui Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiabao You
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liguo Mao
- Jining City Dermatology Hospital Prevention and Treatment, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Huaizhang Li
- Zaozhuang Dermatology Hospital Prevention and Treatment, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjin Chen
- Linyi Dermatology Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Medical Center for Dermatovenereology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Zhao Q, Sun Y, Liu H, Zhang F. Prevention and Treatment of Leprosy - China, 2009-2019. China CDC Wkly 2020; 2:53-56. [PMID: 34594761 PMCID: PMC8393067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,Furen Zhang,
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11
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Patron J, Serra-Cayuela A, Han B, Li C, Wishart DS. Assessing the performance of genome-wide association studies for predicting disease risk. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220215. [PMID: 31805043 PMCID: PMC6894795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To date more than 3700 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been published that look at the genetic contributions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to human conditions or human phenotypes. Through these studies many highly significant SNPs have been identified for hundreds of diseases or medical conditions. However, the extent to which GWAS-identified SNPs or combinations of SNP biomarkers can predict disease risk is not well known. One of the most commonly used approaches to assess the performance of predictive biomarkers is to determine the area under the receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUROC). We have developed an R package called G-WIZ to generate ROC curves and calculate the AUROC using summary-level GWAS data. We first tested the performance of G-WIZ by using AUROC values derived from patient-level SNP data, as well as literature-reported AUROC values. We found that G-WIZ predicts the AUROC with <3% error. Next, we used the summary level GWAS data from GWAS Central to determine the ROC curves and AUROC values for 569 different GWA studies spanning 219 different conditions. Using these data we found a small number of GWA studies with SNP-derived risk predictors that have very high AUROCs (>0.75). On the other hand, the average GWA study produces a multi-SNP risk predictor with an AUROC of 0.55. Detailed AUROC comparisons indicate that most SNP-derived risk predictions are not as good as clinically based disease risk predictors. All our calculations (ROC curves, AUROCs, explained heritability) are in a publicly accessible database called GWAS-ROCS (http://gwasrocs.ca). The G-WIZ code is freely available for download at https://github.com/jonaspatronjp/GWIZ-Rscript/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Patron
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Beomsoo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Carin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David Scott Wishart
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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