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Ortuño M, Muñoz C, Spitzová T, Sumova P, Iborra MA, Pérez‐Cutillas P, Ayhan N, Charrel RN, Volf P, Berriatua E. Exposure to Phlebotomus perniciosus sandfly vectors is positively associated with Toscana virus and Leishmania infantum infection in human blood donors in Murcia Region, southeast Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1854-e1864. [PMID: 35357094 PMCID: PMC9790518 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies against Phlebotomus perniciosus sandfly salivary gland homogenate (SGH) and recombinant protein rSP03B, sandfly-borne Toscana virus (TOSV), Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) and Leishmania, as well as DNA of the latter parasite, were investigated in 670 blood samples from 575 human donors in Murcia Region, southeast Spain, in 2017 and 2018. The estimated SGH and rSP03B seroprevalences were 69% and 88%, respectively, although correlation between test results was relatively low (ρ = 0.39). Similarly, TOSV, SFSV and Leishmania seroprevalences were 26%, 0% and 1%, respectively, and Leishmania PCR prevalence was 2%. Prevalences were significantly greater in 2017, overdispersed and not spatially related to each other although both were positively associated with SGH but not to rSP03B antibody optical densities, questioning the value of the latter as a diagnostic marker for these infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ortuño
- Departamento de Sanidad AnimalFacultad de VeterinariaCampus de Excelencia Internacional Regional ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Clara Muñoz
- Departamento de Sanidad AnimalFacultad de VeterinariaCampus de Excelencia Internacional Regional ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
| | - Tatiana Spitzová
- Department of ParasitologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Petra Sumova
- Department of ParasitologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | | | - Pedro Pérez‐Cutillas
- Grupo de Erosión y Conservación de SuelosCentro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del SeguraConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS‐CSIC)MurciaSpain
| | - Nazli Ayhan
- Unite des Virus Emergents, Aix‐Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Mediterranée InfectionMarseilleFrance
| | - Remi N. Charrel
- Unite des Virus Emergents, Aix‐Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207, IHU Mediterranée InfectionMarseilleFrance
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of ParasitologyFaculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Eduardo Berriatua
- Departamento de Sanidad AnimalFacultad de VeterinariaCampus de Excelencia Internacional Regional ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’Universidad de MurciaMurciaSpain
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Aoki V, Abdeladhim M, Li N, Cecilio P, Prisayanh P, Diaz LA, Valenzuela JG. Some Good and Some Bad: Sand Fly Salivary Proteins in the Control of Leishmaniasis and in Autoimmunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:839932. [PMID: 35281450 PMCID: PMC8913536 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.839932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sand flies are hematophagous insects responsible for the transmission of vector-borne diseases to humans. Prominent among these diseases is Leishmaniasis that affects the skin and mucous surfaces and organs such as liver and spleen. Importantly, the function of blood-sucking arthropods goes beyond merely transporting pathogens. The saliva of vectors of disease contains pharmacologically active components that facilitate blood feeding and often pathogen establishment. Transcriptomic and proteomic studies have enumerated the repertoire of sand fly salivary proteins and their potential use for the control of Leishmaniasis, either as biomarkers of vector exposure or as anti-Leishmania vaccines. However, a group of specific sand fly salivary proteins triggers formation of cross-reactive antibodies that bind the ectodomain of human desmoglein 1, a member of the epidermal desmosomal cadherins. These cross-reactive antibodies are associated with skin autoimmune blistering diseases, such as pemphigus, in certain immunogenetically predisposed individuals. In this review, we focus on two different aspects of sand fly salivary proteins in the context of human disease: The good, which refers to salivary proteins functioning as biomarkers of exposure or as anti-Leishmania vaccines, and the bad, which refers to salivary proteins as environmental triggers of autoimmune skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Valeria Aoki,
| | - Maha Abdeladhim
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Pedro Cecilio
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Phillip Prisayanh
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Luis A. Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jesus G. Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
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Sumova P, Sanjoba C, Willen L, Polanska N, Matsumoto Y, Noiri E, Paul SK, Ozbel Y, Volf P. PpSP32-like protein as a marker of human exposure to Phlebotomus argentipes in Leishmania donovani foci in Bangladesh. Int J Parasitol 2021; 51:1059-1068. [PMID: 34273394 PMCID: PMC8575019 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Phlebotomus argentipes is a sole vector of Leishmania donovani in the Indian subcontinent. 40% of humans in the study area have IgG antibodies against P. argentipes saliva. A correlation was found between IgG responses against P. argentipes saliva and rPagSP06. rPagSP06 is a valid antigen to measure human exposure to P. argentipes.
Phlebotomus argentipes is a predominant vector of Leishmania donovani, the protozoan parasite causing visceral leishmaniasis in the Indian subcontinent. In hosts bitten by P. argentipes, sand fly saliva elicits the production of specific anti-salivary protein antibodies. Here, we have utilised these antibodies as markers of human exposure to P. argentipes in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area in Pabna district, Bangladesh. The use of whole salivary gland homogenate as an antigen to detect these antibodies has several limitations, therefore it is being superseded by the use of specific recombinant salivary proteins. We have identified three major P. argentipes salivary antigenic proteins recognised by sera of bitten humans, expressed them in a recombinant form (rPagSP04, rPagSP05 and rPagSP06) and tested their applicability in ELISA and immunoblot. One of them, PpSP32-like protein rPagSP06, was identified as the most promising antigen, showing highest resemblance and correlation with the IgG response to P. argentipes salivary gland homogenate. Furthermore, we have validated the applicability of rPagSP06 in a large cohort of 585 individuals and obtained a high correlation coefficient for anti-rPagSP06 and anti-P. argentipes saliva IgG responses. The anti-rPagSP06 and anti-P. argentipes salivary gland homogenate IgG responses followed a similar right-skewed distribution. This is the first report of screening human sera for anti-P. argentipes saliva antibodies using recombinant salivary protein. The rPagSP06 was proven to be a valid antigen for screening human sera for exposure to P. argentipes bites in a visceral leishmaniasis endemic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sumova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna7, Prague 12844, Czech Republic.
| | - Chizu Sanjoba
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Laura Willen
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna7, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Polanska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna7, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
| | - Yoshitsugu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Eisei Noiri
- Hemodialysis and Apheresis, Nephrology 107 Lab, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shyamal Kumar Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2206, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna7, Prague 12844, Czech Republic
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Human immune response against salivary antigens of Simulium damnosum s.l.: A new epidemiological marker for exposure to blackfly bites in onchocerciasis endemic areas. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009512. [PMID: 34157020 PMCID: PMC8253393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simulium damnosum sensu lato (s.l.) blackflies transmit Onchocerca volvulus, a filarial nematode that causes human onchocerciasis. Human landing catches (HLCs) is currently the sole method used to estimate blackfly biting rates but is labour-intensive and questionable on ethical grounds. A potential alternative is to measure host antibodies to vector saliva deposited during bloodfeeding. In this study, immunoassays to quantify human antibody responses to S. damnosum s.l. saliva were developed, and the salivary proteome of S. damnosum s.l. was investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Blood samples from people living in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in Ghana were collected during the wet season; samples from people living in Accra, a blackfly-free area, were considered negative controls and compared to samples from blackfly-free locations in Sudan. Blackflies were collected by HLCs and dissected to extract their salivary glands. An ELISA measuring anti-S. damnosum s.l. salivary IgG and IgM was optimized and used to quantify the humoral immune response of 958 individuals. Both immunoassays differentiated negative controls from endemic participants. Salivary proteins were separated by gel-electrophoresis, and antigenic proteins visualized by immunoblot. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed to characterize the proteome of S. damnosum s.l. salivary glands. Several antigenic proteins were recognized, with the major ones located around 15 and 40 kDa. LC-MS/MS identified the presence of antigen 5-related protein, apyrase/nucleotidase, and hyaluronidase. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study validated for the first time human immunoassays that quantify humoral immune responses as potential markers of exposure to blackfly bites. These assays have the potential to facilitate understanding patterns of exposure as well as evaluating the impact of vector control on biting rates. Future studies need to investigate seasonal fluctuations of these antibody responses, potential cross-reactions with other bloodsucking arthropods, and thoroughly identify the most immunogenic proteins.
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Guimaraes-Costa AB, Shannon JP, Waclawiak I, Oliveira J, Meneses C, de Castro W, Wen X, Brzostowski J, Serafim TD, Andersen JF, Hickman HD, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG, Oliveira F. A sand fly salivary protein acts as a neutrophil chemoattractant. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3213. [PMID: 34050141 PMCID: PMC8163758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from bacterial formyl peptides or viral chemokine mimicry, a non-vertebrate or insect protein that directly attracts mammalian innate cells such as neutrophils has not been molecularly characterized. Here, we show that members of sand fly yellow salivary proteins induce in vitro chemotaxis of mouse, canine and human neutrophils in transwell migration or EZ-TAXIScan assays. We demonstrate murine neutrophil recruitment in vivo using flow cytometry and two-photon intravital microscopy in Lysozyme-M-eGFP transgenic mice. We establish that the structure of this ~ 45 kDa neutrophil chemotactic protein does not resemble that of known chemokines. This chemoattractant acts through a G-protein-coupled receptor and is dependent on calcium influx. Of significance, this chemoattractant protein enhances lesion pathology (P < 0.0001) and increases parasite burden (P < 0.001) in mice upon co-injection with Leishmania parasites, underlining the impact of the sand fly salivary yellow proteins on disease outcome. These findings show that some arthropod vector-derived factors, such as this chemotactic salivary protein, activate rather than inhibit the host innate immune response, and that pathogens take advantage of these inflammatory responses to establish in the host. Immune mimicry has been shown in chemokine like moieties from bacteria and viruses. Here, the authors characterise a sand fly salivary protein that induces neutrophil chemotaxis and explore its impact in a model of parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson B Guimaraes-Costa
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.,Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - John P Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ingrid Waclawiak
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jullyanna Oliveira
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Imunologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Waldione de Castro
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xi Wen
- Chemotaxis Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Brzostowski
- Twinbrook Imaging Facility, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tiago D Serafim
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John F Andersen
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Heather D Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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Sumova P, Polanska N, Lestinova T, Spitzova T, Kalouskova B, Vanek O, Volf P, Rohousova I. Phlebotomus perniciosus Recombinant Salivary Proteins Polarize Murine Macrophages Toward the Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:427. [PMID: 32984064 PMCID: PMC7476311 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Phlebotominae) is a medically and veterinary important insect vector. It transmits the unicellular parasite Leishmania infantum that multiplies intracellularly in macrophages causing life-threatening visceral diseases. Leishmania establishment in the vertebrate host is substantially influenced by immunomodulatory properties of vector saliva that are obligatorily co-injected into the feeding site. The repertoire of P. perniciosus salivary molecules has already been revealed and, subsequently, several salivary proteins have been expressed. However, their immunogenic properties have never been studied. In our study, we tested three P. perniciosus recombinant salivary proteins-an apyrase rSP01 and yellow-related proteins rSP03 and rSP03B-and showed their anti-inflammatory nature on the murine bone-marrow derived macrophages. Even in the presence of pro-inflammatory stimuli (IFN-γ and bacterial lipopolysaccharide, LPS), all three recombinant proteins inhibited nitric oxide production. Moreover, rSP03 seems to have a very strong anti-inflammatory effect since it enhanced arginase activity, increased the production of IL-10, and inhibited the production of TNF-α even in macrophages stimulated with IFN-γ and LPS. These results suggest that P. perniciosus apyrase and yellow-related proteins may serve as enhancing factors in sand fly saliva, facilitating the development of Leishmania infection along with their anti-haemostatic properties. Additionally, rSP03 and rSP03B did not elicit the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in mice pre-exposed to P. perniciosus bites (measured as visible skin reaction). The results of our study may help to understand the potential function of recombinant's native counterparts and their role in Leishmania transmission and establishment within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sumova
- Laboratory of Vector Biology, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nikola Polanska
- Laboratory of Vector Biology, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tereza Lestinova
- Laboratory of Vector Biology, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tatiana Spitzova
- Laboratory of Vector Biology, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Barbora Kalouskova
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Immune Recognition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Vanek
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Immune Recognition, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Volf
- Laboratory of Vector Biology, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Iva Rohousova
- Laboratory of Vector Biology, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Spitzova T, Sumova P, Volfova V, Polanska N, Poctova L, Volf P. Interactions between host biogenic amines and sand fly salivary yellow-related proteins. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:237. [PMID: 32381071 PMCID: PMC7206685 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During blood feeding, sand flies inoculate salivary proteins that interact with the host haemostatic system. The blocking of biogenic amines such as serotonin and histamine helps to limit vasodilatation and clot formation, and thus enables the insect to finish the blood-feeding process. In sand flies, an amine-binding ability is known only for the yellow-related proteins of Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia vectors, but not yet for members of the genus Sergentomyia. METHODS The ability of Phlebotomus argentipes and Sergentomyia schwetzi recombinant yellow-related salivary proteins to bind histamine and serotonin was measured by microscale thermophoresis. Both sand fly species were also fed through a chicken-skin membrane on blood mixed with histamine or serotonin in order to check the effects of biogenic amines on sand fly fitness. Additionally, fecundity and mortality were compared in two groups of P. argentipes females fed on repeatedly-bitten and naive hamsters, respectively. RESULTS The P. argentipes recombinant yellow-related protein PagSP04 showed high binding affinity to serotonin and low affinity to histamine. No binding activity was detected for two yellow-related proteins of S. schwetzi. Elevated concentrations of serotonin significantly reduced the amount of eggs laid by P. argentipes when compared to the control. The fecundity of S. schwetzi and the mortality of both sand fly species were not impaired after the experimental membrane feeding. Additionally, there were no differences in oviposition or mortality between P. argentipes females fed on immunized or naive hamsters. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in natural conditions sand flies are able to cope with biogenic amines or anti-saliva antibodies without any influence on their fitness. The serotonin binding by salivary yellow-related proteins may play an important role in Phlebotomus species feeding on mammalian hosts, but not in S. schwetzi, which is adapted to reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Spitzova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Sumova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vera Volfova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Nikola Polanska
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Luisa Poctova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Burnham AC, Ordeix L, Alcover MM, Martínez-Orellana P, Montserrat-Sangrà S, Willen L, Spitzova T, Volf P, Solano-Gallego L. Exploring the relationship between susceptibility to canine leishmaniosis and anti-Phlebotomus perniciosus saliva antibodies in Ibizan hounds and dogs of other breeds in Mallorca, Spain. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:129. [PMID: 32312306 PMCID: PMC7171783 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Canine leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum is a neglected zoonosis transmitted by sand flies like Phlebotomus perniciosus. Clinical signs and disease susceptibility vary according to various factors, including host immune response and breed. In particular, Ibizan hounds appear more resistant. This immunocompetence could be attributed to a more frequent exposure to uninfected sand flies, eliciting a stronger anti-sand fly saliva antibody response. Methods This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-P. perniciosus saliva antibodies in Ibizan hounds and dogs of other breeds in the Leishmania-endemic area of Mallorca, Spain, and to correlate these antibody levels with clinical, immunological and parasitological parameters. Anti-sand fly saliva IgG was examined in 47 Ibizan hounds and 45 dogs of other breeds using three methods: P. perniciosus whole salivary gland homogenate (SGH) ELISA; recombinant protein rSP03B ELISA; and rSP03B rapid tests (RT). Additionally, diagnostic performance was evaluated between methods. Results Results indicate significantly higher anti-SGH antibodies (P = 0.0061) and a trend for more positive SGH ELISA and RT results in Ibizan hounds compared to other breeds. General linear model analysis also found breed to be a significant factor in SGH ELISA units and a marginally significant factor in RT result. Although infection rates were similar between groups, Ibizan hounds included significantly more IFN-γ producers (P = 0.0122) and papular dermatitis cases (P < 0.0001). Older age and L. infantum seropositivity were also considered significant factors in sand fly saliva antibody levels according to at least one test. Fair agreement was found between all three tests, with the highest value between SGH and rSP03B RT. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study elaborating the relationship between anti-P. perniciosus saliva antibodies and extensive clinical data in dogs in an endemic area. Our results suggest that Ibizan hounds experience a higher frequency of exposure to sand flies and have a stronger cellular immune response to L. infantum infection than other breed dogs. Additional sampling is needed to confirm results, but anti-P. perniciosus saliva antibodies appear to negatively correlate with susceptibility to L. infantum infection and could possibly contribute to the resistance observed in Ibizan hounds.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Burnham
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Ordeix
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Servei de Dermatologia, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M Magdalena Alcover
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pamela Martínez-Orellana
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sara Montserrat-Sangrà
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Willen
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tatiana Spitzova
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laia Solano-Gallego
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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