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Wen B, Ademi Z, Wu Y, Xu R, Yu P, Ye T, Coêlho MDSZS, Saldiva PHN, Guo Y, Li S. Ambient PM 2.5 and productivity-adjusted life years lost in Brazil: a national population-based study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133676. [PMID: 38354440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Enormous health burden has been associated with air pollution and its effects continue to grow. However, the impact of air pollution on labour productivity at the population level is still unknown. This study assessed the association between premature death due to PM2.5 exposure and the loss of productivity-adjusted life years (PALYs), in Brazil. We applied a novel variant of the difference-in-difference (DID) approach to assess the association. Daily all-cause mortality data in Brazil were collected from 2000-2019. The PALYs lost increased by 5.11% (95% CI: 4.10-6.13%), for every 10 µg/m3 increase in the 2-day moving average of PM2.5. A total of 9,219,995 (95% CI: 7,491,634-10,921,141) PALYs lost and US$ 268.05 (95% CI: 217.82-317.50) billion economic costs were attributed to PM2.5 exposure, corresponding to 7.37% (95% CI: 5.99-8.73%) of the total PALYs lost due to premature death. This study also found that 5,005,306 PALYs could be avoided if the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guideline (AQG) level was met. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with a considerable labour productivity burden relating to premature death in Brazil, while over half of the burden could be prevented if the WHO AQG was met. The findings highlight the need to reduce ambient PM2.5 levels and provide strong evidence for the development of strategies to mitigate the economic impacts of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Health Economics and Policy Evaluation Research (HEPER) Group, Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yao Wu
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | | | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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2
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Keonam K, Nam NH, Saksangawong C, Sringam P, Saipan P, Kongpechr S, Sukon P. Prevalence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet World 2024; 17:233-244. [PMID: 38595647 PMCID: PMC11000466 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.233-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Among Streptococcus suis serotypes, S. suis serotype 2 is the most significant serotype that causes serious diseases in pigs and humans worldwide. The present study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs, determine its trend, and explore the factors associated with this serotype. Materials and Methods We retrieved relevant published studies from PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science. The retrieved citations were screened for possible inclusion. Relevant data were then extracted from the included studies. The random-effects model was used for all meta-analyses. A subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of the prevalence for four characteristics (continents, sampling organs, reporting unit, and pig's health status). A cumulative meta-analysis was performed to determine the cumulative prevalence over time. Meta-regression analysis was used to determine the trend of pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 over time. Results Of 600 articles retrieved, 36 studies comprising a total sample size of 6939 isolates or samples from 16 countries of four continents were included for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs was 13.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.7%-17.1%), with high heterogeneity among the included studies (Cochran's Q, 431.6; p < 0.001; I2 = 91.9%; Table-1). No statistical significance was observed among subgroups of the four characteristics examined. However, the pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 was as high as 16.0% (95% CI, 12.5%-20.3%; n = 16) in diseased pigs compared with 9.9% (95% CI, 5.6%-17.0%; n = 15) in healthy pigs. The pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs did not significantly decrease over time [regression coefficient = -0.020 (95% CI, 0.046-0.006, p = 0.139)]. The pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs fluctuated slightly between 13.2% and 17.8% from 2007 to 2023, although the pooled prevalence gradually decreased from 30.6% in 1987 to over 20% in 2003. Conclusion The global prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs was estimated to be 13.6% (approximately 10% in healthy pigs and around 16% in diseased pigs). S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs did not change significantly over time. These results indicate that S. suis serotype 2 remains a problem for the pig industry and poses a threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khao Keonam
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Department of Animal Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trauqui, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chuleeporn Saksangawong
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Sringam
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Saipan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Saijai Kongpechr
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Program on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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3
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Neila-Ibáñez C, Napp S, Casal J. Evaluation of the Economic Impact of Streptococcus suis-Associated Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2815:121-129. [PMID: 38884915 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3898-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The economic impact of Streptococcus suis-associated disease at farm level is well known by the producers, but the cost in a region or a country is more difficult to evaluate due to the lack of a centralized data system, the different incidences, and the control measures applied by each producer. In this chapter, we describe a method based on the information gathered through interviews with veterinary practitioners. A comprehensive questionnaire created specifically for the disease can help to conduct the interviews. The questions include information about the proportions of farms, batches and animals clinically affected, mortality, metaphylactic and therapeutic treatments, use of vaccines, and proportion of cases that are diagnosed at the laboratory. As the questionnaire is quite complex, the best option to obtain the data is send the questionnaire to the selected veterinarians to allow them to collect some data and make an interview with them some days later. The information allows to estimate the costs due to mortality, antimicrobial treatments, the use of autogenous vaccines, and analyses performed. Initially they are calculated per animal in each affected production phase, and later it can be extrapolated to estimate the annual cost per affected production unit and per country. The model does not consider indirect costs such as the cost as a zoonosis, the revenues forgone, or an increase of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Neila-Ibáñez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sebastián Napp
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Casal
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
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Wen B, Ademi Z, Wu Y, Xu R, Yu P, Ye T, Coêlho MDSZS, Saldiva PHN, Guo Y, Li S. Productivity-adjusted life years lost due to non-optimum temperatures in Brazil: A nationwide time-series study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162368. [PMID: 36828065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-optimal temperatures are associated with premature deaths globally. However, the evidence is limited in low- and middle-income countries, and the productivity losses due to non-optimal temperatures have not been quantified. We aimed to estimate the work-related impacts and economic losses attributable to non-optimal temperatures in Brazil. We collected daily mortality data from 510 immediate regions in Brazil during 2000 and 2019. A two-stage time-series analysis was applied to evaluate the association between non-optimum temperatures and the Productivity-Adjusted Life-Years (PALYs) lost. The temperature-PALYs association was fitted for each location in the first stage and then we applied meta-analyses to obtain the national estimations. The attributable fraction (AF) of PALY lost due to ambient temperatures and the corresponding economic costs were calculated for different subgroups of the working-age population. A total of 3,629,661 of PALYs lost were attributed to non-optimal temperatures during 2000-2019 in Brazil, corresponding to 2.90 % (95 % CI: 1.82 %, 3.95 %) of the total PALYs lost. Non-optimal temperatures have led to US$104.86 billion (95 % CI: 65.95, 142.70) of economic costs related to PALYs lost and the economic burden was more substantial in males and the population aged 15-44 years. Higher risks of extreme cold temperatures were observed in the South region in Brazil while extreme hot temperatures were observed in the Central West and Northeast regions. In conclusion, non-optimal temperatures are associated with considerable labour losses as well as economic costs in Brazil. Tailored policies and adaptation strategies should be proposed to mitigate the impacts of non-optimal temperatures on the labour supply in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wen
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Yao Wu
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Rongbin Xu
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Pei Yu
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Tingting Ye
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | | | - Yuming Guo
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research (CARE) Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
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5
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Rayanakorn A, Katip W, Ademi Z, Chan KG. Treatment costs for patients with Streptococcus suis infection in Northern Thailand: a hospital-based observational study of 14-year data. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:737. [PMID: 37085811 PMCID: PMC10120222 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus suis (S.suis) is a neglected zoonotic disease that imposes a significant economic burden on healthcare and society. To our knowledge, studies estimating the cost of illness associated with S.suis treatment are limited, and no study focuses on treatment costs and potential key drivers in Thailand. This study aimed to estimate the direct medical costs associated with S.suis treatment in Thailand and identify key drivers affecting high treatment costs from the provider's perspective. METHODS A retrospective analysis of the 14-year data from 2005-2018 of confirmed S.suis patients admitted at Chiang Mai University Hospital (CMUH) was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data of patients' characteristics, healthcare utilization and costs. The multiple imputation with predictive mean matching strategy was employed to deal with missing Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) data. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to forecast costs model and identify determinants of costs associated with S.suis treatment. The modified Park test was adopted to determine the appropriate family. All costs were inflated applying the consumer price index for medical care and presented to the year 2019. RESULTS Among 130 S.suis patients, the average total direct medical cost was 12,4675 Thai baht (THB) (US$ 4,016), of which the majority of expenses were from the "others" category (room charges, staff services and medical devices). Infective endocarditis (IE), GCS, length of stay, and bicarbonate level were significant predictors associated with high total treatment costs. Overall, marginal increases in IE and length of stay were significantly associated with increases in the total costs (standard error) by 132,443 THB (39,638 THB) and 5,490 THB (1,715 THB), respectively. In contrast, increases in GCS and bicarbonate levels were associated with decreases in the total costs (standard error) by 13,118 THB (5,026 THB) and 7,497 THB (3,430 THB), respectively. CONCLUSIONS IE, GCS, length of stay, and bicarbonate level were significant cost drivers associated with direct medical costs. Patients' clinical status during admission significantly impacts the outcomes and total treatment costs. Early diagnosis and timely treatment were paramount to alleviate long-term complications and high healthcare expenditures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaree Rayanakorn
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Tambon Suthep, Muang District, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Wasan Katip
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Zanfina Ademi
- Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, VIC, 3052, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- International Genome Centre, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
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6
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Kerdsin A. Human Streptococcus suis Infections in Thailand: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Genotypes, and Susceptibility. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:359. [PMID: 36355901 PMCID: PMC9695567 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing substantial economic losses to the pig industry, as well as being a human health burden due to infections worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, there was high cumulative incidence in humans during 1987-2021, mostly in males. At least five large outbreaks have been documented after the largest outbreak in China in 2005, which was related to the consumption of raw pork or dishes containing pig's blood. The major clinical features are sepsis or meningitis, with hearing loss a major complication of S. suis disease. Thai human S. suis isolates have shown diversity in serotypes and sequence types (STs), with serotype 2 and STs 1 and 104 being major genotypes. β-Lactam antibiotics can be used in empirical treatment for human S. suis infections; however, intermediate resistance to penicillin has been reported. Reducing S. suis incidence in Thailand requires a multidimensional approach, with combined efforts from the government and public health sectors through policy, regulations, education, and active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
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7
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Khantasup K, Tungwongjulaniam C, Theerawat R, Lamaisri T, Piyalikit K, Nuengjamnong C, Nuanualsuwan S. Cross-sectional risk assessment of zoonotic Streptococcus suis in pork and swine blood in Nakhon Sawan Province in northern Thailand. Zoonoses Public Health 2022; 69:625-634. [PMID: 35504855 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study evaluated the risk of zoonotic Streptococcus suis (S. suis) illness from consuming raw pork and swine blood in Nakhon Sawan Province. A four-step risk assessment recommended by the Codex Alimentarius Commission was used to evaluate the risk along the pork supply chain. A total of 480 pork and swine blood samples were collected from the abattoir (n = 120) and retail (n = 360) during December 2020 and January 2021. Streptococcus suis in samples was enumerated using a culture-based technique and then confirmed by the biochemical and molecular technique. Streptococcus suis was serotyped by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Two positive swine blood samples were contaminated with non-zoonotic S. suis serotype 23 at retail. In the case of all negative samples, the deterministic prevalence becomes zero and then the risk could not be estimated. Otherwise, the beta probability distribution was used to describe the probabilistic prevalence, while the maximum likelihood estimator was applied to estimate the upper limit of a probability distribution of concentration. The district averages of probabilistic prevalences of zoonotic S. suis in pork products at abattoir and retail were 9.9% and 4.1%, respectively. The district averages of concentrations of zoonotic S. suis in pork and blood samples from abattoir were 6.8 × 10-3 cfu/g and 6.83 cfu/ml and in pork and blood samples from retail were 2.3 × 10-3 cfu/g and 2.30 cfu/ml, respectively. The overall annual risk estimate per 100,000 population in pork and swine blood from abattoir and retail were 9.8 × 10-11 , 2.2 × 10-6 , 5.4 × 10-13 , and 8.3 × 10-8 . These risk estimates were negligible (<10-6 ) except for the annual risk estimate in swine blood from the abattoir. The results from this cross-sectional risk assessment should prompt the food safety regulator to cautiously sample by taking into account the duration of sampling and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannika Khantasup
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Ratana Theerawat
- Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Taweeshock Lamaisri
- Nakhon Sawan Provincial Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanjarat Piyalikit
- Nakhon Sawan Provincial Livestock Office, Department of Livestock Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chackrit Nuengjamnong
- Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suphachai Nuanualsuwan
- Center of Excellence for Food and Water Risk Analysis (FAWRA), Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Kerdsin A, Segura M, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M. Sociocultural Factors Influencing Human Streptococcus suis Disease in Southeast Asia. Foods 2022; 11:foods11091190. [PMID: 35563913 PMCID: PMC9102869 DOI: 10.3390/foods11091190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The public health systems of Southeast Asian countries are financially challenged by a comparatively higher incidence of human S. suis infections than other geographical areas. Efforts to improve practices in production settings, including improved meat inspection regulations, prevention of the slaughtering of non-healthy pigs, and enhanced hygiene practices at processing facilities, along with improvements in the pork supply chain, all appear promising for reducing food cross-contamination with S. suis. However, opportunities for intervention at the societal level are also needed to effect changes, as population behaviors such as the consumption of raw pork, blood, and offal products are important contributors to the increased incidence of human S. suis disease in Southeast Asia. A plethora of factors are associated with the consumption of these high-risk dishes, including traditional culture and knowledge, shared beliefs, socio-economic level, and personal attitudes associated with gender and/or marital status. Education and intervention in behavioral attitudes that are sensible to cultural practices and traditions may provide additional means to reduce the burden of S. suis human disease in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-725-023
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.S.); (N.F.); (M.G.)
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9
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Xu L, Wang X, Lei Z, Zhu J, Pang Y, Liu J. Spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis in human: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:369. [PMID: 35413851 PMCID: PMC9003998 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that mainly causes meningitis, sepsis, arthritis, endocarditis, and endophthalmitis in human. To the best of our knowledge, Spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis has rarely been reported. Case presentation Here we report a case of spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis in a 50-year-old male patient. The patient had a history of close contact with sick pigs days before disease onset. Initially he presented with headache and fever. After admission, the patient began to experience lower back pain, which led physicians to perform a lumber puncture. Meta-genomic next generation sequencing helped identify Streptococcus suis in the cerebrospinal fluid. MRI imaging indicated a spinal canal infection caused by Streptococcus suis. Conclusions Spinal canal infection is an uncommon disease of Streptococcus suis infection. This case report indicates that people presented with fever, headache and lower back pain should also be suspected as Streptococcus suis infection, especially for those who have had a history of sick pig contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lejia Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ziying Lei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yihua Pang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Niazy M, Hill S, Nadeem K, Ricker N, Farzan A. Compositional analysis of the tonsil microbiota in relationship to Streptococcus suis disease in nursery pigs in Ontario. Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:10. [PMID: 35063043 PMCID: PMC8780311 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00162-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tonsil of the soft palate in pigs is the colonization site of both commensal and pathogenic microbial agents. Streptococcus suis infections are a significant economic problem in the swine industry. The development of S. suis disease remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the tonsillar microbiota profile in nursery pigs is altered with S. suis disease. Here, the dynamics of the tonsillar microbiota from 20 healthy pigs and 43 diseased pigs with S. suis clinical signs was characterized. RESULTS Based on the presence or absence of S. suis in the systemic sites, diseased pigs were classified into confirmed (n = 20) or probable (n = 23) group, respectively. Microbiota composition was assessed using the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA, and results were analyzed to identify the diversity of the tonsillar microbiota. The taxonomic composition of the tonsil microbiota proved to be highly diverse between individuals, and the results showed statistically significant microbial community structure among the diagnosis groups. The confirmed group had the lowest observed species richness while the probable group had higher phylogenetics diversity level compared to the healthy group. Un-weighted Unifrac also demonstrated that the probable group had a higher beta diversity than both the healthy and the confirmed group. A Dirichlet-multinomial mixture (DMM) model-based clustering method partitioned the tonsil microbiota into two distinct community types that did not correspond with disease status. However, there was an association between Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and DMM community type 1 (p = 0.03). ANCOM-BC identified 24 Streptococcus amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were differentially abundant between the DMM community types. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the structure and membership of the tonsil microbiota in nursery pigs and uncovers differences and similarities across varying S. suis disease status. While the overall abundance of Streptococcus was not different among the diagnosis groups, the unique profile of DMM community type 1 and the observed correlation with S. suis serotype 2 could provide insight into potential tonsillar microbiota involvement in S. suis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa Niazy
- Bioinformatics Program, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Hill
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khurram Nadeem
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nicole Ricker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Abdolvahab Farzan
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Bamphensin N, Chopjitt P, Hatrongjit R, Boueroy P, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Non-Penicillin-Susceptible Streptococcus suis Isolated from Humans. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10091178. [PMID: 34578210 PMCID: PMC8471365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a pathogen that causes invasive infections in humans and pigs. In this study, 448 S. suis isolates recovered from human infections in Thailand were characterized with regard to their antimicrobial susceptibility and antimicrobial resistance genes, including, for non-penicillin-susceptible isolates, sequence analyses of five genes encoding penicillin-binding proteins (pbp1a, pbp1b, pbp2a, pbp2b, and pbp2x). All 448 isolates were susceptible to cefepime and ceftriaxone, whereas 99.6%, 91.7%, and 72.9% of the isolates were susceptible to levofloxacin, penicillin, and chloramphenicol, respectively. Almost all isolates were resistant to tetracycline (98.2%), clindamycin (94%), erythromycin (92.4%), and azithromycin (82.6%). Genes tet(O) and ermB were the predominant resistance genes detected among macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant isolates. A total of 37 out of 448 isolates (8.2%) showed intermediately resistance to penicillin. Most of these isolates (59.5%) belonged to serotype 2-ST233. Comparison of the predicted translated sequences of five PBP proteins of a penicillin-susceptible isolate (strain P1/7) to the respective PBP sequences of ten non-penicillin-susceptible isolates revealed multiple amino acid substitutions. Isolates of CC221/234 showed highly variable amino acid substitutions in all PBP proteins. An ST104 isolate had a higher number of amino acid substitutions in PBP2X. Isolates belonging to CC233/379 had numerous substitutions in PBP2B and PBP2X. ST25 isolates exhibited fewer amino acid substitutions than isolates of other STs in all five PBPs. The antimicrobial resistance of S. suis is increasing worldwide; therefore, restrictions on antimicrobial use, continuous control, and the surveillance of this bacterium throughout the pork supply chain are crucial for ensuring public health and must be a priority concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichari Bamphensin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Department of General Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (N.F.); (M.G.)
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (N.B.); (P.C.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-42-725-025
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