1
|
Li H, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Feng Y, Qian Y, Ye X, Xu J, Yang H, Yu J, Chen J, Chen K. Exploring the immune interactions between Oncomelania hupensis and Schistosoma japonicum, with a cross-comparison of immunological research progress in other intermediate host snails. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:453. [PMID: 38093363 PMCID: PMC10717515 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, the second largest parasitic disease in the world after malaria, poses a significant threat to human health and causes public health issues. The disease primarily affects populations in economically underdeveloped tropical regions, earning it the title of "neglected tropical disease". Schistosomiasis is difficult to eradicate globally if medication alone is used. One of the essential elements of thorough schistosomiasis prevention and control is the management and disruption of the life cycle of intermediate host snails. The key approach to controlling the transmission of schistosomiasis is to control the intermediate hosts of the schistosome to disrupt its life cycle. We believe that approaching it from the perspective of the intermediate host's immunity could be an environmentally friendly and potentially effective method. Currently, globally significant intermediate host snails for schistosomes include Oncomelania hupensis, Biomphalaria glabrata, and Bulinus truncatus. The immune interaction research between B. glabrata and Schistosoma mansoni has a history of several decades, and the complete genome sequencing of both B. glabrata and B. truncatus has been accomplished. We have summarized the immune-related factors and research progress primarily studied in B. glabrata and B. truncatus and compared them with several humoral immune factors that O. hupensis research focuses on: macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and thioredoxin (Trx). We believe that continued exploration of the immune interactions between O. hupensis and Schistosoma japonicum is valuable. This comparative analysis can provide some direction and clues for further in-depth research. Comparative immunological studies between them not only expand our understanding of the immune defense responses of snails that act as intermediaries for schistosomes but also facilitate the development of more comprehensive and integrated strategies for schistosomiasis prevention and control. Furthermore, it offers an excellent opportunity to study the immune system of gastropods and their co-evolution with pathogenic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China.
- Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China.
| | - Yihan Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunhuan Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilu Feng
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuncheng Qian
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ye
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiatong Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parn S, Lewis G, Knight M. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase using aspirin is a novel method to block schistosomiasis infection of the parasitic trematode, Schistosoma mansoni, in the intermediate snail host, Biomphalaria glabrata. Exp Parasitol 2023; 254:108618. [PMID: 37696327 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a major public health concern worldwide. Although praziquantel is currently available as the only treatment option for schistosomiasis, the absence of reliable diagnostic and prognostic tools highlights the need for the identification and characterization of new drug targets. Recently, we identified the B. glabrata homolog (accession number XP_013075832.1) of human CAXIV, showing 37% amino acid sequence identity, from a BLAST search in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration/dehydration of CO2/HCO3. These enzymes are associated with many physiological processes, and their role in tumorigenesis has been widely implicated. CAs create an acidic extracellular environment that facilitates the survival, metastasis, and growth of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the role of CA inhibition in B. glabrata snails exposed to S. mansoni miracidia. We analyzed the expression of the B. glabrata CA encoding transcript in juvenile susceptible and resistant snails, with and without exposure to S. mansoni. Our results showed that the expression of the CA mRNA encoding transcript was upregulated during early and prolonged infection in susceptible snails (BBO2), but not in the resistant BS-90 stock. Notably, sodium salicylate, a form of aspirin, inhibited the expression of CA, post-exposure, to the parasite. Increasing research between parasites and cancer has shown that schistosomes and cancer cells share similarities in their capacity to proliferate, survive, and evade host immune mechanisms. Here, we show that this model system is a potential new avenue for understanding the role of CA in the metastasis and proliferation of cancer cells. Further studies are needed to explore the potential of CA as a biomarker for infection in other schistosomiasis-causing parasites, including S. japonicum and S. haematobium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Parn
- Division of Science & Mathematics, University of the District of Columbia, 4200 Connecticut Ave, NW Washington, D.C., 20008, USA
| | - Gabriela Lewis
- Division of Science & Mathematics, University of the District of Columbia, 4200 Connecticut Ave, NW Washington, D.C., 20008, USA
| | - Matty Knight
- Division of Science & Mathematics, University of the District of Columbia, 4200 Connecticut Ave, NW Washington, D.C., 20008, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Tropical Medicine, Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University Ross Hall, 2300 I Street, NW Washington DC, 20037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Orlov IA, Ataev GL, Gourbal B, Tokmakova AS, Bobrovskaya AV, Prokhorova EE. The transcriptomic analysis of Planorbarius corneus hemocytes (Gastropoda) naturally infected with Bilharziella polonica (Schistosomatidae). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104607. [PMID: 36473549 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study of molluscan innate immunity is essential for understanding the evolution of the immune system. An advance in the knowledge of their immune system can be achieved by increasing the number of model species. Our study focuses on the immunity of Planorbarius corneus, a pulmonate snail widely distributed in Eurasia. These snails are intermediate hosts of many trematodes, including Bilharziella polonica (Schistosomatidae). In this paper we obtained and analyzed transcriptomes of hemocytes of uninfected snails Planorbarius corneus and snails naturally infected with Bilharziella polonica. The transcriptomes were found to contain transcripts encoding all major groups of immune factors previously described for other gastropods. Pathogen-recognition molecules were the most diverse group of immune factors. Comparison of the transcriptomes of the infected and the uninfected molluscs showed that the expression of some genes changed during infection. Our results extend the knowledge of immune responses of pulmonate snails to trematode invasion and promote P. corneus as a new model for the study of molluscan defence reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I A Orlov
- Laboratory of Experimental Zoology, Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Russia
| | - G L Ataev
- Laboratory of Experimental Zoology, Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Russia
| | - B Gourbal
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - A S Tokmakova
- Laboratory of Experimental Zoology, Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Russia
| | - A V Bobrovskaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Zoology, Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Russia
| | - E E Prokhorova
- Laboratory of Experimental Zoology, Department of Zoology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Spaan JM, Leavitt N, Shen J, Bundy T, Burrows L, Ingram C, Maehara TR, Ndungu I, Mutuku M, Owino G, Odiere M, Steinauer ML. Genotypic-specific heat shock response of vector susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni. Ecosphere 2022; 13:e4207. [PMID: 36590709 PMCID: PMC9797131 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are vulnerable to thermal stress which causes a diversity of physiological outcomes. Previous work has shown that the snail vectors (Biomphalaria glabrata) of an important human pathogen, Schistosoma mansoni, revert from resistant to susceptible after short exposure to a heat stress as low as 31oC; however, due to lack of replicability among labs and genetic lines of snails, it has been hypothesized that this effect is genotype dependent. We examined the effects of heat shock on resistance of two species of snail vectors including B. glabrata and B. sudanica. We used 3 different inbred laboratory snail lines in addition to the F1 generation of field collected snails from Lake Victoria, Kenya, an area with high levels of schistosomiasis transmission. Our results showed marginal effects of heat shock on prevalence of infection in B. glabrata, and that this response was genotype specific. We found no evidence of a heat shock effect on prevalence of infection in B. sudanica or on intensity of infection (number of infectious stages shed) in either snail species. Such environmentally influenced defense responses stress the importance of considering this unique interaction between snail and parasite genotypes in determining infection dynamics under climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannie M. Spaan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355
| | - Nathaniel Leavitt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355
| | - Jessica Shen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355
| | - Taylor Bundy
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Lillian Burrows
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355
| | - Christopher Ingram
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355
| | - Thomas R. Maehara
- M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University Home Stryker, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49001
| | - Ibrahim Ndungu
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Martin Mutuku
- Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - George Owino
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Maurice Odiere
- Neglected Tropical Diseases Unit, Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Michelle L. Steinauer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon 97355
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lu L, Bu L, Zhang SM, Buddenborg SK, Loker ES. An Overview of Transcriptional Responses of Schistosome-Susceptible (M line) or -Resistant (BS-90) Biomphalaria glabrata Exposed or Not to Schistosoma mansoni Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:805882. [PMID: 35095891 PMCID: PMC8791074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.805882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We seek to provide a comprehensive overview of transcriptomics responses of immune-related features of the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata (Bg) following exposure to Schistosoma mansoni (Sm), a trematode causing human schistosomiasis. Responses of schistosome-susceptible (M line, or SUS) and -resistant (BS-90, or RES) Bg strains were characterized following exposure to Sm for 0.5, 2, 8 or 40 days post-exposure (dpe). Methods RNA-Seq and differential expression analysis were undertaken on 56 snails from 14 groups. We considered 7 response categories: 1) constitutive resistance factors; 2) constitutive susceptibility factors; 3) generalized stress responses; 4) induced resistance factors; 5) resistance factors suppressed in SUS snails; 6) suppressed/manipulated factors in SUS snails; and 7) tolerance responses in SUS snails. We also undertook a gene co-expression network analysis. Results from prior studies identifying schistosome resistance/susceptibility factors were examined relative to our findings. Results A total of 792 million paired-end reads representing 91.2% of the estimated 31,985 genes in the Bg genome were detected and results for the 7 categories compiled and highlighted. For both RES and SUS snails, a single most supported network of genes with highly correlated expression was found. Conclusions 1) Several constitutive differences in gene expression between SUS and RES snails were noted, the majority over-represented in RES; 2) There was little indication of a generalized stress response shared by SUS and RES snails at 0.5 or 2 dpe; 3) RES snails mounted a strong, multi-faceted response by 0.5 dpe that carried over to 2 dpe; 4) The most notable SUS responses were at 40 dpe, in snails shedding cercariae, when numerous features were either strongly down-regulated indicative of physiological distress or parasite manipulation, or up-regulated, suggestive of tolerance or survival-promoting effects; 5) Of 55 genes previously identified in genome wide mapping studies, 29 (52.7%) were responsive to Sm, as were many familiar resistance-associated genes (41.0%) identified by other means; 6) Both network analysis and remarkably specific patterns of expression of lectins and G protein-coupled receptors in categories 4, 6 and 7 were indicative of orchestrated responses of different suites of genes in SUS or RES snails following exposure to Sm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Lu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Lijing Bu
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sarah K Buddenborg
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Eric S Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| |
Collapse
|