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Nikièma AS, Koala L, Unnasch TR, Diendéré J, Compaoré J, Ouédraogo MW, Kafando CM, Bakajika D, Bougouma C, Faye B, Traoré S, Dabiré RK. Field sensitivity and specificity of the SD BIOLINE onchocerciasis IgG4 Rapid Diagnostic Test in children <10 years old from endemic areas in Burkina Faso. Parasite Epidemiol Control 2024; 25:e00352. [PMID: 38708128 PMCID: PMC11066673 DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin biopsies (Skin snips) have historically been the gold standard for the diagnosis of onchocerciasis. However, in low prevalence areas and in areas with successful ivermectin mass drug administration (MDA) programs, skin snips are not sensitive enough to decide when to stop MDA; thus, serological diagnostic tools have been recommended for this purpose. This study assessed the sensitivity and specificity of the Ov16 Rapid Diagnostic Test (SD BIOLINE Onchocerciasis RDT) compared to skin snip in endemic areas undergoing ivermectin mass distribution using Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) strategy. A cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2016 in five endemic villages in the Cascades region in Burkina Faso. Children aged 2 to 9-years were examined during the impact epidemiological survey using both the skin snip and Ov16 Rapid Diagnostic Test. The Ov16 Rapid Diagnostic Test sensitivity and specificity were determined with reference to the skin biopsy. Skin snip positivity was 1.25% in this population, while seroprevalence was 6.5%. When compared to the skin snip as the gold standard, the sensitivity of the Ov16 Rapid Diagnostic Test was 60% and the specificity 94%. When the Ov16 Rapid Diagnostic Test was considered as the gold standard, the skin snip exhibited a sensitivity of 11.5% and a specificity of 99.5%. These results are similar to other studies comparing the performance of the Ov16 ELISA to skin snips, suggesting that the Ov16 RDT may be a useful tool for ivermectin STOP MDA and post transmission surveys, assuming that the prevalence of infection is low or close to zero, and the Ov16 RDT detected also pre patent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Sindimbasba Nikièma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (MESRI), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Lassane Koala
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (MESRI), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Thomas R. Unnasch
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jeoffray Diendéré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (MESRI), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Justin Compaoré
- Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mathias W. Ouédraogo
- Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Claude Montant Kafando
- Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Didier Bakajika
- Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases, ESPEN, Regional Office for Africa, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - Clarisse Bougouma
- Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Babacar Faye
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Soungalo Traoré
- Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ministère de la Santé et de l'Hygiène Publique, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (MESRI), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Nikièma AS, Koala L, Post RJ, Kima A, Compaoré J, Kafando CM, Nana JB, Bougouma C, Faye B, Traoré S, Dabiré RK. Progress towards elimination of onchocerciasis in the Region du Sud-Ouest of Burkina Faso which was previously subject to a recrudescence event after vector control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012118. [PMID: 38683750 PMCID: PMC11057763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sud-Ouest region of Burkina Faso (especially the Bougouriba valley) has been historically problematic with respect to onchocerciasis control, with a recrudescence of infections after vector control carried out the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme was halted in 1989. After 1996, mass drug administration of ivermectin was instigated to control the recrudescence so that it would no longer constitute a public health problem. However, in 2010 WHO changed its recommended policy from control to elimination, and in 2013 biannual Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) was instigated. Epidemiological surveys were carried-out in 2011 and 2018 to determine whether CDTI was producing a decline in infection levels and progress towards elimination. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cross-sectional study was conducted across 20 villages in four health districts in 2011 and 29 villages in 2018. Individuals aged five years and above were examined by skin-snip, and the prevalence and microfilarial load was determined for each village. In 2011, 75% of villages had some infections and 20% had prevalences >5%, with a mean prevalence across all villages of 2.63% (range 0.0-9.7%), and community microfilarial load ranging from 0 to 0.25 microfilariae per biopsy. In 2018, nine villages (= 31% of total) had some infections, with prevalences ranging from 0.41% to 3.54%, and a mean prevalence across all villages of 0.37%. Community microfilarial load ranged from 0 to 0.1. Amongst those people found to be microfilarial positive, 87% had a history of migration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The endemicity of onchocerciasis infection in the Sud-Ouest region has declined to low levels and seems to be progressing towards elimination. Our findings indicated that biannual CDTI is having good effect, but it should continue for a number of years to ensure elimination of transmission. However, progress towards elimination has a troublesome history in this region, and it would be advisable to select more sentinel villages to have confidence in any future epidemiological and entomological surveys, especially Stop-MDA surveys. With positive individuals migrating between countries, cross-border collaboration needs more attention to ensure effective treatment for onchocerciasis elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Sindimbasba Nikièma
- Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l’Ouest (IRSS/Bobo-Dioulasso), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Lassane Koala
- Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l’Ouest (IRSS/Bobo-Dioulasso), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rory J. Post
- School of Biological & Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Appolinaire Kima
- Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Justin Compaoré
- Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Claude M. Kafando
- Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean Baptiste Nana
- Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Clarisse Bougouma
- Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Soungalo Traoré
- Ministère de la Santé, Direction de la Protection de la Santé de la Population, Programme National de Lutte Contre les Maladies Tropicales Négligées, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Roch Kounbobr Dabiré
- Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l’Ouest (IRSS/Bobo-Dioulasso), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Guiguemde KT, Sawadogo PM, Zida A, Kima A, Bougma RW, Serme M, Sangaré I, Bougouma C, Bamba S. Situation of onchocerciasis transmission in 2020 in the Cascades region of Burkina Faso. Parasitol Int 2024; 98:102822. [PMID: 37940035 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Faced with the focal resurgence of onchocerciasis reported since 2004 in the South-West of Burkina Faso, the Neglected Tropical Diseases Control Program adopted a resumption of biannual community-directed treatment with ivermectin, since 2011 in the Cascades region and since 2013 in the South West region. The objective of this study was to assess the situation of onchocerciasis transmission in the Cascades region, nine years after the resumption of mass drug administration. This cross-sectional and descriptive survey concerned people over 5. The traditional method of skin snip on both iliac crests was performed for the parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis. The Ov-16 serological test was carried out in children aged 5 to 9 years. In 22 surveyed villages, the overall prevalence of microfilariae was 0.11% and below the tolerable threshold of 5%. It was less than 5% in all the villages (n = 22), less than 1% in 21 villages (99%) and zero in 19 villages (86.36%). The community microfilarial loads varied from 0.01 to 0.05 mf/b. Out of 946 children tested for OV-16, only one 9-year-old was positive and whose skin snip examination was negative. All the positive cases came from endemical areas in Côte d'Ivoire. Population migration is a risk factor for introducing the parasite into Burkina Faso; it also is risk factor for the effective elimination of onchocerciasis which requires the joint development of a control strategy between neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adama Zida
- Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology, UFR SDS, Joseph Ki-Zerbo University, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Apollinaire Kima
- National Program for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Roland Windtaré Bougma
- National Program for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mamadou Serme
- National Program for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Ibrahim Sangaré
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Clarisse Bougouma
- National Program for the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Sanata Bamba
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, Nazi Boni University, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Surakat OA, Babalola AS, Adeleke MA, Adeogun AO, Idowu OA, Sam-Wobo SO. Geospatial distribution and predictive modeling of onchocerciasis in Ogun State, Nigeria. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281624. [PMID: 36857325 PMCID: PMC9977021 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Onchocerciasis caused by infection with Onchocerca volvulus is a disease of public health importance and is highly associated with disability. As Nigeria is aiming at eliminating onchocerciasis by 2030, there is a need to develop newer tools to map disease prevalence and identify environmental factors driving disease prevalence, even in places that have not been previously targeted for preventive chemotherapy. This study produced predictive risk-maps of onchocerciasis in Ogun State. Georeferenced onchocerciasis infection data obtained from a cross-sectional survey at 32 locations between March and July 2015 together with remotely-sensed environmental data were analyzed using Ecological Niche Models (ENM). A total of 107 field occurrence points for O. volvulus infection were recorded. A total of 43 positive occurrence points were used for modelling. ENMs were used to estimate the current geographic distribution of O. volvulus in Ogun State. Maximum Entropy distribution modeling (MaxEnt) was used for predicting the potential suitable habitats, using a portion of the occurrence records. A total of 19 environmental variables were used to model the potential geographical distribution area under current climatic conditions. Empirical prevalence of 9.3% was recorded in this study. The geospatial distribution of infection revealed that all communities in Odeda Local Government Area (a peri-urban LGA) showed remarkably high prevalence compared with other LGAs. The predicted high-risk areas (probability > 0.8) of O. volvulus infection were all parts of Odeda, Abeokuta South, and Abeokuta North, southern part of Imeko-Afon, a large part of Yewa North, some parts of Ewekoro and Obafemi-Owode LGAs. The estimated prevalence for these regions were >60% (between 61% and 100%). As predicted, O. volvulus occurrence showed a positive association with variables reflecting precipitation in Ogun State. Our predictive risk-maps has provided useful information for the elimination of onchocerciais, by identifying priority areas for delivery of intervention in Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabanji Ahmed Surakat
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Zoology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Ayodele S. Babalola
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Monsuru A. Adeleke
- Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Department of Zoology, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Adedapo O. Adeogun
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olufunmilayo A. Idowu
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Sammy O. Sam-Wobo
- Department of Pure and Applied Zoology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Shey RA, Ghogomu SM, Nebangwa DN, Shintouo CM, Yaah NE, Yengo BN, Nkemngo FN, Esoh KK, Tchatchoua NMT, Mbachick TT, Dede AF, Lemoge AA, Ngwese RA, Asa BF, Ayong L, Njemini R, Vanhamme L, Souopgui J. Rational design of a novel multi-epitope peptide-based vaccine against Onchocerca volvulus using transmembrane proteins. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.1046522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost a decade ago, it was recognized that the global elimination of onchocerciasis by 2030 will not be feasible without, at least, an effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccine to complement chemotherapy and vector control strategies. Recent advances in computational immunology (immunoinformatics) have seen the design of novel multi-epitope onchocerciasis vaccine candidates which are however yet to be evaluated in clinical settings. Still, continued research to increase the pool of vaccine candidates, and therefore the chance of success in a clinical trial remains imperative. Here, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine candidate by assembling peptides from 14 O. volvulus (Ov) proteins using an immunoinformatics approach. An initial 126 Ov proteins, retrieved from the Wormbase database, and at least 90% similar to orthologs in related nematode species of economic importance, were screened for localization, presence of transmembrane domain, and antigenicity using different web servers. From the 14 proteins retained after the screening, 26 MHC-1 and MHC-II (T-cell) epitopes, and linear B-lymphocytes epitopes were predicted and merged using suitable linkers. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resuscitation-promoting factor E (RPFE_MYCTU), which is an agonist of TLR4, was then added to the N-terminal of the vaccine candidate as a built-in adjuvant. Immune simulation analyses predicted strong B-cell and IFN-γ based immune responses which are necessary for protection against O. volvulus infection. Protein-protein docking and molecular dynamic simulation predicted stable interactions between the 3D structure of the vaccine candidate and human TLR4. These results show that the designed vaccine candidate has the potential to stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses and should therefore be subject to further laboratory investigation.
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