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Kishino M, Hida A, Chadeka EA, Inoue M, Osada-Oka M, Matsumoto S, Njenga SM, Hamano S, Nagi S. Association between diet quality and risk of stunting among school-aged children in Schistosoma mansoni endemic area of western Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:12. [PMID: 38233936 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy eating habits are essential for improving nutritional status and strengthening immunity against infectious diseases. This study examined the relationship between diet quality and stunting in school-aged children in an infectious disease-endemic area of western Kenya. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 260 school-aged children (age 9-17 years) enrolled in primary schools in Mbita Sub-county, western Kenya. The nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Dietary intake was measured using food frequency questionnaires and evaluated using the Food Pyramid (FP) score, which indicates adherence to the Kenyan food-based dietary guideline. Information on the children's age, sex, maternal education, and household wealth index was collected using a household-based questionnaire. Infections with the predominant parasites, such as Schistosoma (S.) mansoni, were detected via microscopy. The trend associations of the FP score with food group intake were examined to characterize the dietary intake of this population. Logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between stunting and FP score tertiles, adjusted for sociodemographic and economic indicators and parasitic infection status. RESULTS Among the studied schoolchildren, 15.0% exhibited stunting, while 76.2% were infected with S. mansoni. The mean FP score was 25.6 out of 50 points. A higher FP score was characterized by a high intake of roots and tubers, dairy products, pulses, and fruits and a low intake of cereals and animal-source foods. The analysis revealed a trend: a lower risk of stunting was evident in groups with elevated FP scores (p for trend = 0.065). However, these trend associations were observable among subjects with either negative or light S. mansoni infection (p for trend = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS A higher quality diet, as evaluated by FP scores, was associated with a low risk of stunting among school-aged children. Notably, this association seemed to weaken in the presence of a high burden of S. mansoni infection. It highlights the importance of enhancing dietary quality through the promotion of diverse nutrient-dense foods alongside effective S. mansoni infection control for improved growth. This study contributes fundamental knowledge for understanding the diet-malnutrition relationship in areas endemic for S. mansoni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Kishino
- Department of Food and Nutritional Science, Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azumi Hida
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Evans A Chadeka
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM) - Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Manabu Inoue
- Kyokuto Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sammy M Njenga
- Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Nagi
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
- The Joint Usage/Research Center on Tropical Disease, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Dos Reis LFC, Cerdeira CD, Gagliano GS, de Figueiredo ABT, Ferreira JH, Castro AP, Souza RLM, Marques MJ. Alternate-day fasting, a high-sucrose/caloric diet and praziquantel treatment influence biochemical and behavioral parameters during Schistosoma mansoni infection in male BALB/c mice. Exp Parasitol 2022; 240:108316. [PMID: 35787384 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni-induced granulomas result in severe damage to the host's liver, as well as neurological and metabolic disorders. We evaluated the biochemical and behavioral changes during schistosomiasis under three diet protocols: ad libitum (AL), alternate-day fasting (ADF) and a high-sucrose/caloric diet (HSD). Healthy male BALB/c mice were divided into noninfected, matched infected and infected/treated [praziquantel (PZQ)] groups. Caloric intake and energy efficiency coefficients associated with diets were measured. Behavioral (exploratory and locomotor) and biochemical (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, AST, ALT, ALP, and γ-GT) tests and histological analysis were performed. Fifteen weeks postinfection, HSD and PZQ promoted weight gain, with higher caloric consumption than ADF (p < 0.05), reflecting serum glucose levels and lipid profiles. HSD and PZQ prevented liver dysfunction (AST and ALT) and significantly prevented increases in granuloma area (p < 0.05). HSD and PZQ also significantly improved mouse physical performance in exploratory and locomotor behavior (p < 0.05), reversing the impaired motivation caused by infection. These findings showed that ADF worsened the course of S. mansoni infection, while HSD and PZQ, even with synergistic effects, prevented and/or attenuated biochemical and behavioral impairment from infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F C Dos Reis
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | - Cláudio D Cerdeira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil.
| | - Guilherme S Gagliano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, UNIFAL-MG, Alfenas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | - Ana B T de Figueiredo
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | - Juliana H Ferreira
- Department of Physiology, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Aline P Castro
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | - Raquel L M Souza
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
| | - Marcos J Marques
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL-MG), Alfenas, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil
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Johari NA, Annuzaili DA, El-Talabawy HF, Ba-Break M, Al-Mekhlafi AM, Al-Eryani S, Alkohlani AA, Gabrielli AF, Ben-Ismail R, Alhaidari S, Muaydh A, Alshami R, Al Gunaid M, Hamed A, Kamel N, Palacio K, Fleming F, French MD. National mapping of schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis and anaemia in Yemen: Towards better national control and elimination. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010092. [PMID: 35333859 PMCID: PMC8986123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis (SCH) and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) are known to be endemic in Yemen. However, the distribution of both diseases had not previously been assessed by a well-structured national mapping study covering all governorates. The main aim of this study was, therefore, to map the prevalence of SCH and STH in Yemen in order to better inform implementation of effective national control and elimination interventions. The assessment of the distribution of anaemia was also included as a well-known consequence of infection with both SCH and STH. Secondarily, the study aimed to provide a broad indication of the impact of large-scale treatment on the distribution of infection. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS To achive these aims, 80,432 children (10-14 years old) from 2,664 schools in 332 of Yemen's 333 districts were included, in 2014, into this national cross-sectional survey. Countrywide, 63.3% (210/332) and 75.6% (251/332) of districts were found to be endemic for SCH and STH respectively. More districts were affected by intestinal than urogenital SCH (54.2% and 31.6% respectively). SCH infection was mostly mild and moderate, with no districts reporting high infection. One quarter (24.4%) of Yemeni districts had high or moderate levels of Ascaris lumbricoides infection. Infection with Trichuris trichiura was the second most common STH (44.9% of districts infected) after A. lumbricoides (68.1%). Hookworm was the least prevalent STH (9.0%). Anaemia was prevalent in 96.4% of districts; it represented a severe public health problem (prevalence ≥ 40%) in 26.5% of districts, and a mild to moderate problem in two thirds of the districts (33.7% and 36.1% respectively). CONCLUSION This study provided the first comprehensive mapping of SCH, STH, and anaemia across the country. This formed the basis for evaluating and continuing the national control and elimination programme for these neglected tropical diseases in Yemen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Alia Johari
- Schistosomiasis Control Initiative Foundation, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hani Farouk El-Talabawy
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Department of Information, Evidence and Research, Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maryam Ba-Break
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulsalam M. Al-Mekhlafi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Samira Al-Eryani
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | | | - Albis Francesco Gabrielli
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riadh Ben-Ismail
- Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sami Alhaidari
- The National Schistosomiasis Control Programme (NSCP), Department of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Adel Muaydh
- The National Schistosomiasis Control Programme (NSCP), Department of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Rasheed Alshami
- The National Schistosomiasis Control Programme (NSCP), Department of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Magid Al Gunaid
- The National Schistosomiasis Control Programme (NSCP), Department of Primary Health Care, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Alaa Hamed
- The World Bank, Washington D.C, United States of America
| | - Nehad Kamel
- The World Bank, Washington D.C, United States of America
| | - Karen Palacio
- The End Fund, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fiona Fleming
- Schistosomiasis Control Initiative Foundation, London, United Kingdom
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