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Tran K, Shon H, Phan J, Cheng T, Kim GS, Jamal A, Srinivasan M, Palaniappan LP, Nguyen L, Huang RJ. Leading causes of death in Vietnamese Americans: An ecological study based on national death records from 2005-2020. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303195. [PMID: 38787829 PMCID: PMC11125458 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disaggregated data is a cornerstone of precision health. Vietnamese Americans (VietAms) are the fourth-largest Asian subgroup in the United States (US), and demonstrate a unique burden of disease and mortality. However, most prior studies have aggregated VietAms under the broader Asian American category for analytic purposes. This study examined the leading causes of death among VietAms compared to aggregated Asian Americans and non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) during the period 2005-2020. METHODS Decedent data, including underlying cause of death, were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics national mortality file from 2005 to 2020. Population denominator estimates were obtained from the American Community Survey one-year population estimates. Outcome measures included proportional mortality, age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 (AMR), and annual percent change (APC) in mortality over time. Data were stratified by sex and nativity status. Due to large differences in age structure, we report native- and foreign-born VietAms separately. FINDINGS We identified 74,524 VietAm decedents over the study period (71,305 foreign-born, 3,219 native-born). Among foreign-born VietAms, the three leading causes of death were cancer (26.6%), heart disease (18.0%), and cerebrovascular disease (9.0%). Among native-born VietAms the three leading causes were accidents (19.0%), self-harm (12.0%), and cancer (10.4%). For every leading cause of death, VietAms exhibited lower mortality compared to both aggregated Asians and NHWs. Over the course of the study period, VietAms witnessed an increase in mortality in every leading cause. This effect was mostly driven by foreign-born, male VietAms. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE While VietAms have lower overall mortality from leading causes of death compared to aggregated Asians and NHWs, these advantages have eroded markedly between 2005 and 2020. These data emphasize the importance of racial disaggregation in the reporting of public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Tran
- Department of Humanities, New York University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - HyeYuong Shon
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Phan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Tina Cheng
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Gloria S. Kim
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Armaan Jamal
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Malathi Srinivasan
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Latha P. Palaniappan
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Linda Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Huang
- Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Tran H, Hoang L, Tran Y, Hạ T, Ruder K, Zhong L, Chen C, Yu D, Liu Y, Abraham T, Hinterwirth A, Deiner M, Porco T, Lietman TM, Seitzman GD, Doan T. Pathogen Profiles of Infectious Conjunctivitis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. CORNEA OPEN 2023; 2:e0025. [PMID: 38855500 PMCID: PMC11160933 DOI: 10.1097/coa.0000000000000025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Conjunctivitis epidemics and pandemics remain a global burden. This study aims to comprehensively identify pathogens associated with conjunctivitis in Vietnam. Methods Patients with acute conjunctivitis presented to an outpatient clinic in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, were enrolled from September 2022 to March 2023. Swabs were obtained from conjunctiva and anterior nares of all patients. Unbiased RNA deep sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify any replicating pathogens in the samples. Results Samples from 35 patients were analyzed. A pathogen was identified in 80% of the patients. 72% (95% confidence interval: 54% to 85%) were infected with either HAdV-D or HAdV-B. RNA viruses detected were rhinoviruses and human coronavirus 229E. Bacteria etiologies included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenza, and Pseudomonas spp. One patient had co-infection of rhinovirus A and HAdV-B. Vittaforma corneae, a fungus, was identified in one patient. Corneal sub-epithelial infiltrates, pseudomembranes, or pre-auricular lymphadenopathy were not reported in any patient. Conclusions Human adenoviruses are the common circulating pathogens associated with infectious conjunctivitis in Vietnam. HAdV species, however, appear to vary between geographic locations within Vietnam. Other under-recognized pathogens identified in this study, such as RNA viruses, suggest broader pathogen surveillance may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Tran
- Hai Yen Vision Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Linh Hoang
- Hai Yen Vision Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Yen Tran
- Hai Yen Vision Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thảo Hạ
- Hai Yen Vision Institute, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kevin Ruder
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Lina Zhong
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Cindi Chen
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Danny Yu
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - YuHeng Liu
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Armin Hinterwirth
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Michael Deiner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Travis Porco
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thomas M. Lietman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Gerami D. Seitzman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Thuy Doan
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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Nguyen HM, Do DT, Greiman SE, Nguyen HV, Hoang HV, Phan TQ, Pham-Duc P, Madsen H. An overview of human helminthioses in Vietnam: Their prevention, control and lessons learnt. Acta Trop 2023; 238:106753. [PMID: 36375522 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In Vietnam, helminthioses remain a major threat to public health and contribute to the maintenance of poverty in highly endemic regions. Through increased awareness of the damaging effects caused by helminthioses, the Vietnamese government has implemented many national programs over the past 30 years for the prevention and control of the most important helminthioses, such as, lymphatic filariasis, soil transmitted helminths, food borne zoonotic helminths, and others. Various control strategies have been applied to reduce or eliminate these worms, e.g. mass drug administration, economic development, control of vectors or intermediate hosts, public health interventions through education, proper composting procedures for excreta potentially containing helminth eggs, and the expansion of food supply chains and improved technologies for the production and inspection of food products. These control measures have resulted in a significant reduction in the distribution and transmission of helminth infections and have improved the overall living conditions and health outcomes of the Vietnamese citizens. However, the persistence of several helminth diseases continues in some endemic areas, especially where poverty is widespread and local traditions include the consumption of raw foods, especially fish and meats. This manuscript provides an overview of the helminth infection prevention and control programs conducted in Vietnam, their achieved results, learned lessons, and future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Manh Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Dung Trung Do
- National Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, 34 Trung Van Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Stephen E Greiman
- Georgia Southern University, 4324 Old Register Road, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA
| | - Ha Van Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hien Van Hoang
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Toan Quoc Phan
- The Center for Entomology and Parasitology Research, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, 3 Quang Trung Street, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Phuc Pham-Duc
- Institute of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, 32/12/3A To Ngoc Van Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Henry Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 100, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
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Huynh LN, Tran LB, Nguyen HS, Ho VH, Parola P, Nguyen XQ. Mosquitoes and Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Vietnam. INSECTS 2022; 13:1076. [PMID: 36554986 PMCID: PMC9781666 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases pose a significant threat to humans in almost every part of the world. Key factors such as global warming, climatic conditions, rapid urbanisation, frequent human relocation, and widespread deforestation significantly increase the number of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases in Vietnam, and elsewhere around the world. In southeast Asia, and notably in Vietnam, national mosquito control programmes contribute to reducing the risk of mosquito-borne disease transmission, however, malaria and dengue remain a threat to public health. The aim of our review is to provide a complete checklist of all Vietnamese mosquitoes that have been recognised, as well as an overview of mosquito-borne diseases in Vietnam. A total of 281 mosquito species of 42 subgenera and 22 genera exist in Vietnam. Of those, Anopheles, Aedes, and Culex are found to be potential vectors for mosquito-borne diseases. Major mosquito-borne diseases in high-incidence areas of Vietnam include malaria, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis. This review may be useful to entomological researchers for future surveys of Vietnamese mosquitoes and to decision-makers responsible for vector control tactics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Na Huynh
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
- Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Quy Nhon (IMPE-QN), MoH Vietnam, Zone 8, Nhon Phu Ward, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam
| | - Long Bien Tran
- Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Quy Nhon (IMPE-QN), MoH Vietnam, Zone 8, Nhon Phu Ward, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam
| | - Hong Sang Nguyen
- Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Quy Nhon (IMPE-QN), MoH Vietnam, Zone 8, Nhon Phu Ward, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam
| | - Van Hoang Ho
- Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Quy Nhon (IMPE-QN), MoH Vietnam, Zone 8, Nhon Phu Ward, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam
| | - Philippe Parola
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, 13005 Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Xuan Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Malariology, Parasitology and Entomology, Quy Nhon (IMPE-QN), MoH Vietnam, Zone 8, Nhon Phu Ward, Quy Nhon City 590000, Vietnam
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