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Akaboshi S, Okanishi T, Iwasaki M, Saito T, Maegaki Y. Microduplication of SCN2A Gene in a Child with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy and Developmental/Epileptic Encephalopathy with Spike Wave Activation During Sleep. Yonago Acta Med 2024; 67:242-245. [PMID: 39176185 PMCID: PMC11335920 DOI: 10.33160/yam.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Duplications in chromosomal locus 2q24.3 region that solely involve SCN2A remain less explored. Favorable outcomes have been reported in patients with SCN2A gene duplications in cases of mild epilepsy with onset during the neonatal to infantile period, or in infantile epileptic spasm syndrome. Herein, we report a case of microduplications, including SCN2A gene duplications, wherein developmental/epileptic encephalopathy with spike-wave activation during sleep (D/EE-SWAS) developed. A 3-day-old girl without birth complications exhibited tonic seizures in her right limb with eye deviation to the right. She developed drug-resistant seizures, including atypical absence seizures, at 1 year and 6 months old. Despite achieving seizure freedom at 9 years old, she experienced academic difficulties. D/EE-SWAS was diagnosed based on the long-term electroencephalogram findings. Following a corpus callosotomy at 11 years old, her academic performance and emotional expression improved. Comprehensive genetic analysis at 10 years old revealed a microduplication spanning approximately 300 kb within the 2q24.3 region, which included a segment of the SCN2A gene and an adjacent CSRNP3 gene. In conclusion, we reported a rare case of duplications solely encompassing SCN2A. Corpus callosotomy resolved the D/EE-SWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Akaboshi
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Tottori Prefectural Health Center Hospital, Kurayoshi 682-0804, Japan
| | - Tohru Okanishi
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwasaki
- Department of Child Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Department of Child Neurosurgery, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo187-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Maegaki
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Brain and Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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2
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Xu Z, Zhou H, Luo Y, Li N, Chen S. Bioinformatics analysis and validation of CSRNP1 as a key prognostic gene in non-small cell lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28412. [PMID: 38560128 PMCID: PMC10979096 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine and serine-rich nuclear protein 1 (CSRNP1) has shown prognostic significance in various cancers, but its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains elusive. We investigated CSRNP1 expression in NSCLC cases using bioinformatics tools from the GEO public repository and validated our findings through RT-qPCR in tumor and adjacent normal tissues. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were employed to unveil the significant deregulation in signaling pathways. Additionally, clinical significance of CSRNP1 in NSCLC was determined through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, and its impact on survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. To explore the functional impact of CSRNP1, we silenced its expression in NSCLC cells and assessed the effects on cell viability, migration, and invasion using MTT, Transwell, and wound-healing assays, respectively. Additionally, we investigated the influence of CSRNP1 silencing on the phosphorylation patterns of critical signaling proteins such as p53, p-Akt, and p-MDM2. Our results demonstrated significantly lower CSRNP1 expression in NSCLC tumor tissues (P < 0.01). ROC analysis indicated that NSCLC patients with high CSRNP1 expression exhibited extended overall survival and disease-free survival. Furthermore, CSRNP1 silencing promoted NSCLC cells viability, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05). Mechanistically, CSRNP1 silencing led to increased phosphorylation of AKT and MDM2, along with a concurrent reduction in p53 protein expression, suggesting its impact on NSCLC through deregulated cell cycle processes. In conclusion, our study underscores the significance of CSRNP1 in NSCLC pathogenesis, offering insights for targeted therapeutic interventions of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongneng Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guanyun People's Hospital, Guanyun, Sichuan, 222299, China
| | - Yonggang Luo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
| | - Nunu Li
- Department of Sanatorium 1, Air Force Health Care Center for Special Service Hangzhou Sanatorium 5, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310002, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, China
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3
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Ryu C, Lee M, Lee JY. Mild heat treatment in vitro potentiates human adipose stem cells: delayed aging and improved quality for long term culture. Biomater Res 2023; 27:122. [PMID: 38008757 PMCID: PMC10680349 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained significant attention for diverse biomedical applications, including cell-based therapy. Hence, in vitro expansion of MSCs is critical; however, in vitro MSC culture, especially long-term culture, inevitably leads to significant loss of stemness, growth, and differentiation potential. METHOD Effects of mild heat treatment (HT) conditions (temperature, duration, and repetition) on the characteristics of adipose tissue-derived MSCs in vitro were systematically investigated. Characteristics of the MSCs subjected to the predetermined HT conditions (41 or 44ºC, 1 h, and 2X HT) were first analyzed in a single passage using various assays. In addition, the feasibility of HT for long-term MSC culture was studied. The RNA sequencing analyses were performed to elucidate the mechanism of HT effects on MSCs. RESULTS A comprehensive exploration of various HT conditions revealed that specific mild HT at 41ºC or 44ºC for 1 h upregulated the expression of heat shock proteins and stemness markers and enhanced differentiation potentials. Furthermore, periodic mild HT extended the maintenance of growth rate and stemness of MSCs up to an additional 10 passages, which substantially retarded their spontaneous aging during subsequent in vitro culture. RNA sequencing analyses unveiled that HT downregulated genes associated with aging and apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our study successfully demonstrated that mild HT of MSCs has positive effects on their application in various biomedical fields, enhancing their capabilities and slowing down the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiseon Ryu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Zuñiga-Hernandez J, Meneses C, Bastias M, Allende ML, Glavic A. Drosophila DAxud1 Has a Repressive Transcription Activity on Hsp70 and Other Heat Shock Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087485. [PMID: 37108646 PMCID: PMC10138878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster DAxud1 is a transcription factor that belongs to the Cysteine Serine Rich Nuclear Protein (CSRNP) family, conserved in metazoans, with a transcriptional transactivation activity. According to previous studies, this protein promotes apoptosis and Wnt signaling-mediated neural crest differentiation in vertebrates. However, no analysis has been conducted to determine what other genes it might control, especially in connection with cell survival and apoptosis. To partly answer this question, this work analyzes the role of Drosophila DAxud1 using Targeted-DamID-seq (TaDa-seq), which allows whole genome screening to determine in which regions it is most frequently found. This analysis confirmed the presence of DAxud1 in groups of pro-apoptotic and Wnt pathway genes, as previously described; furthermore, stress resistance genes that coding heat shock protein (HSP) family genes were found as hsp70, hsp67, and hsp26. The enrichment of DAxud1 also identified a DNA-binding motif (AYATACATAYATA) that is frequently found in the promoters of these genes. Surprisingly, the following analyses demonstrated that DAxud1 exerts a repressive role on these genes, which are necessary for cell survival. This is coupled with the pro-apoptotic and cell cycle arrest roles of DAxud1, in which repression of hsp70 complements the maintenance of tissue homeostasis through cell survival modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Zuñiga-Hernandez
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Macarena Bastias
- Centro de Biotecnología vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile
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5
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Zhao X, Fu C, Sun L, Feng H, Xie P, Wu M, Tan X, Chen G. New Insight into the Concanavalin A-Induced Apoptosis in Hepatocyte of an Animal Model: Possible Involvement of Caspase-Independent Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031312. [PMID: 36770978 PMCID: PMC9919242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Concanavalin A (Con A) is known to be a T-cell mitogen and has been shown to induce hepatitis in mice through the triggering of conventional T cells and NKT cells. However, it remains unknown whether Con A itself can directly induce rapid hepatocyte death in the absence of a functional immune system. Here, by using an immunodeficient mouse model, we found Con A rapidly induced liver injury in vivo despite a lack of immunocyte involvement. We further observed in vitro that hepatocytes underwent a dose-dependent but caspase-independent apoptosis in response to Con A stimulation in vitro. Moreover, transcriptome RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that apoptosis pathways were activated in both our in vivo and in vitro models. We conclude that Con A can directly induce rapid but non-classical apoptosis in hepatocytes without the participation of immunocytes. These findings provide new insights into the mechanism of Con A-induced hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Lingjuan Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hao Feng
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peiling Xie
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiaosheng Tan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (G.C.)
| | - Gang Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430030, China
- Correspondence: (X.T.); (G.C.)
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Mircea AA. Post-myocardial infarction treatment with resiniferatoxin modulates the expression of important genes involved in inflammation, plaque stability and angiogenesis. Discoveries (Craiova) 2023; 11:e163. [PMID: 37588971 PMCID: PMC10425609 DOI: 10.15190/d.2023.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are the most frequent causes of death in the first 24 hours after myocardial infarction. Previous studies showed that depleting TRPV1 receptors with resiniferatoxin (RTX) led to a reduced risk of VT and VF post-myocardial infarction. Therefore, the question of resiniferatoxin as a cardioprotector against myocardial infarction (MI)-induced VT and VF was raised. The RNA sequence data from 3 groups of pigs, each having 4 animals (4 controls, 4 myocardial infarction - MI, and 4 RTX + MI) was analyzed through the lens of differentially expressed genes. The differential expression comparison was conducted in two ways: MI versus Control and RTX+MI versus MI. The results showed the downregulation of deleterious genes involved in inflammation and future plaque instability in the RTX group compared with the MI group. In the case of some of the genes, these findings were reinforced by obtaining the same trends in the MI versus Control group. All in all, we propose further investigation of RTX as a prophylactic method against cardiovascular complications of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Alexandru Mircea
- Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- UCLA Health Arrhythmia Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mulari S, Eskin A, Lampinen M, Nummi A, Nieminen T, Teittinen K, Ojala T, Kankainen M, Vento A, Laurikka J, Kupari M, Harjula A, Tuncbag N, Kankuri E. Ischemic Heart Disease Selectively Modifies the Right Atrial Appendage Transcriptome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:728198. [PMID: 34926599 PMCID: PMC8674465 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.728198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although many pathological changes have been associated with ischemic heart disease (IHD), molecular-level alterations specific to the ischemic myocardium and their potential to reflect disease severity or therapeutic outcome remain unclear. Currently, diagnosis occurs relatively late and evaluating disease severity is largely based on clinical symptoms, various imaging modalities, or the determination of risk factors. This study aims to identify IHD-associated signature RNAs from the atrial myocardium and evaluate their ability to reflect disease severity or cardiac surgery outcomes. Methods and Results: We collected right atrial appendage (RAA) biopsies from 40 patients with invasive coronary angiography (ICA)-positive IHD undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and from 8 patients ICA-negative for IHD (non-IHD) undergoing valvular surgery. Following RNA sequencing, RAA transcriptomes were analyzed against 429 donors from the GTEx project without cardiac disease. The IHD transcriptome was characterized by repressed RNA expression in pathways for cell-cell contacts and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased expressions of the CSRNP3, FUT10, SHD, NAV2-AS4, and hsa-mir-181 genes resulted in significance with the complexity of coronary artery obstructions or correlated with a functional cardiac benefit from bypass surgery. Conclusions: Our results provide an atrial myocardium-focused insight into IHD signature RNAs. The specific gene expression changes characterized here, pave the way for future disease mechanism-based identification of biomarkers for early detection and treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severi Mulari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arda Eskin
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
| | - Milla Lampinen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annu Nummi
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari Teittinen
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teija Ojala
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Kankainen
- Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Vento
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Laurikka
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Kupari
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Harjula
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University (METU), Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esko Kankuri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Zhang H, Qiu X, Yang G. The CSRNP Gene Family Serves as a Prognostic Biomarker in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:620126. [PMID: 33869003 PMCID: PMC8045970 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.620126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cysteine-serine-rich nuclear protein (CSRNP) family has prognostic value for various cancers. However, the association between this proteins and prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of the CSRNP family for patients with ccRCC. Therefore, the gene expression profiling interactive analysis database was used to analyze the mRNA expression of CSRNP family members (CSRNPs) in relation with survival. Combined and independent prognostic values of CSRNPs were evaluated using SurvExpress and multivariate Cox regression analyses, respectively. Potential signaling pathways impacted by CSRNPs were evaluated using Metascape. Associations between the CSRNP family and immunocyte infiltration were determined from single-sample gene set enrichment analysis. Both cBioPortal and MethSurv were used to explore whether genomic and epidemic alterations might influence prognosis. We found that when both CSRNP1 and CSRNP3 had a low expression, patients with ccRCC had a worse overall survival (OS). Therefore, a prognostic signature was constructed as follows: risk score = -0.224 × expmRNA of CSRNP1 + 0.820 × expmRNA of CSRNP2 - 1.428 × expmRNA of CSRNP3 . We found that OS was worse in patients from the high- than from the low-risk groups (AUC = 0.69). Moreover, this signature was an independent predictor after adjusting for clinical features. Functional enrichment analysis positively associated CSRNPs with the acute inflammatory response and humoral immune response pathways. This was validated by correlating each CSRNP with 28 types of immunocytes in tumor and normal tissues. A higher expression of CSRNP1 and CSRNP3 was associated with a better prognosis in both the high- and low-mutant burden groups. Cg19538674, cg07772537, and cg07811002 of CSRNP1, CSRNP2, and CSRNP3, respectively, were the predominant DNA methylation sites affecting OS. The CSRNP gene family signature may serve as a prognostic biomarker for predicting OS in patients with ccRCC. The association between CSRNPs and immune infiltration might offer future clinical treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaru Zhang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofu Qiu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guosheng Yang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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9
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Benkafadar N, Janesick A, Scheibinger M, Ling AH, Jan TA, Heller S. Transcriptomic characterization of dying hair cells in the avian cochlea. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108902. [PMID: 33761357 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory hair cells are prone to apoptosis caused by various drugs including aminoglycoside antibiotics. In mammals, this vulnerability results in permanent hearing loss because lost hair cells are not regenerated. Conversely, hair cells regenerate in birds, making the avian inner ear an exquisite model for studying ototoxicity and regeneration. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing and trajectory analysis on control and dying hair cells after aminoglycoside treatment. Interestingly, the two major subtypes of avian cochlear hair cells, tall and short hair cells, respond differently. Dying short hair cells show a noticeable transient upregulation of many more genes than tall hair cells. The most prominent gene group identified is associated with potassium ion conductances, suggesting distinct physiological differences. Moreover, the dynamic characterization of >15,000 genes expressed in tall and short avian hair cells during their apoptotic demise comprises a resource for further investigations toward mammalian hair cell protection and hair cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Benkafadar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Amanda Janesick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mirko Scheibinger
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela H Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Taha A Jan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Stefan Heller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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10
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Levy DR, Udgata A, Tourlomousis P, Symmons MF, Hopkins LJ, Bryant CE, Gay NJ. The Parkinson's disease-associated kinase LRRK2 regulates genes required for cell adhesion, polarization, and chemotaxis in activated murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10857-10867. [PMID: 32111741 PMCID: PMC7397110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) encodes a complex protein that includes kinase and GTPase domains. Genome-wide association studies have identified dominant LRRK2 alleles that predispose their carriers to late-onset idiotypic Parkinson's disease (PD) and also to autoimmune disorders such as Crohn's disease. Considerable evidence indicates that PD initiation and progression involve activation of innate immune functions in microglia, which are brain-resident macrophages. Here we asked whether LRRK2 modifies inflammatory signaling and how this modification might contribute to PD and Crohn's disease. We used RNA-Seq-based high-resolution transcriptomics to compare gene expression in activated primary macrophages derived from WT and Lrrk2 knockout mice. Remarkably, expression of a single gene, Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (Rapgef3), was strongly up-regulated in the absence of LRRK2 and down-regulated in its presence. We observed similar regulation of Rapgef3 expression in cells treated with a highly specific inhibitor of LRRK2 protein kinase activity. Rapgef3 encodes an exchange protein, activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC-1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates the small GTPase Rap-1. Rap-1 mediates cell adhesion, polarization, and directional motility, and our results indicate that LRRK2 modulates chemotaxis of microglia and macrophages. Dominant PD-associated LRRK2 alleles may suppress EPAC-1 activity, further restricting motility and preventing efficient migration of microglia to sites of neuronal damage. Functional analysis in vivo in a subclinical infection model also indicated that Lrrk2 subtly modifies the inflammatory response. These results indicate that LRRK2 modulates the expression of genes involved in murine immune cell chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Udgata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn F Symmons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Lee J Hopkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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11
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Widelitz RB, Lin GW, Lai YC, Mayer JA, Tang PC, Cheng HC, Jiang TX, Chen CF, Chuong CM. Morpho-regulation in diverse chicken feather formation: Integrating branching modules and sex hormone-dependent morpho-regulatory modules. Dev Growth Differ 2018; 61:124-138. [PMID: 30569461 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many animals can change the size, shape, texture and color of their regenerated coats in response to different ages, sexes, or seasonal environmental changes. Here, we propose that the feather core branching morphogenesis module can be regulated by sex hormones or other environmental factors to change feather forms, textures or colors, thus generating a large spectrum of complexity for adaptation. We use sexual dimorphisms of the chicken to explore the role of hormones. A long-standing question is whether the sex-dependent feather morphologies are autonomously controlled by the male or female cell types, or extrinsically controlled and reversible. We have recently identified core feather branching molecular modules which control the anterior-posterior (bone morphogenetic orotein [BMP], Wnt gradient), medio-lateral (Retinoic signaling, Gremlin), and proximo-distal (Sprouty, BMP) patterning of feathers. We hypothesize that morpho-regulation, through quantitative modulation of existing parameters, can act on core branching modules to topologically tune the dimension of each parameter during morphogenesis and regeneration. Here, we explore the involvement of hormones in generating sexual dimorphisms using exogenously delivered hormones. Our strategy is to mimic male androgen levels by applying exogenous dihydrotestosterone and aromatase inhibitors to adult females and to mimic female estradiol levels by injecting exogenous estradiol to adult males. We also examine differentially expressed genes in the feathers of wildtype male and female chickens to identify potential downstream modifiers of feather morphogenesis. The data show male and female feather morphology and their color patterns can be modified extrinsically through molting and resetting the stem cell niche during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall B Widelitz
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gee-Way Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Julie A Mayer
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Biocept Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Pin-Chi Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Xin Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chih-Feng Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ming Chuong
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Integrative Stem Cell Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The IEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Macdonald CD, Falconer AMD, Chan CM, Wilkinson DJ, Skelton A, Reynard L, Litherland GJ, Europe-Finner GN, Rowan AD. Cytokine-induced cysteine- serine-rich nuclear protein-1 (CSRNP1) selectively contributes to MMP1 expression in human chondrocytes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207240. [PMID: 30440036 PMCID: PMC6237337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible cartilage collagen breakdown by the collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1 and MMP-13 represents a key event in pathologies associated with tissue destruction such as arthritis. Inflammation is closely associated with such pathology and occurs in both rheumatoid and osteoarthritis making it highly relevant to the prevailing tissue damage that characterises these diseases. The inflammation-induced activating protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor is an important regulator of both MMP1 and MMP13 genes with interplay between signalling pathways contributing to their expression. Here, we have examined the regulation of MMP1 expression, and using in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses we have demonstrated that cFos bound to the AP-1 cis element within the proximal MMP1 promoter only when the gene was transcriptionally silent as previously observed for MMP13. Subsequent small interfering RNA-mediated silencing confirmed however, that cFos significantly contributes to MMP1 expression. In contrast, silencing of ATF3 (a prime MMP13 modulator) did not affect MMP1 expression whilst silencing of the Wnt-associated regulator cysteine- serine-rich nuclear protein-1 (CSRNP1) resulted in substantial repression of MMP1 but not MMP13. Furthermore, following an early transient peak in expression of CSRNP1 at the mRNA and protein levels similar to that seen for cFOS, CSRNP1 expression subsequently persisted unlike cFOS. Finally, DNA binding assays indicated that the binding of CSRNP1 to the AP-1 consensus-like sequences within the proximal promoter regions of MMP1 and MMP13 was preferentially selective for MMP1 whilst activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) binding was exclusive to MMP13. These data further extend our understanding of the previously reported differential regulation of these MMP genes, and strongly indicate that although cFos modulates the expression of MMP1/13, downstream factors such as CSRNP1 and ATF3 ultimately serve as transcriptional regulators in the context of an inflammatory stimulus for these potent collagenolytic MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Macdonald
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M. D. Falconer
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chun Ming Chan
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Wilkinson
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Skelton
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Reynard
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J. Litherland
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - G. Nicholas Europe-Finner
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Rowan
- Skeletal Research Group, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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13
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Salem M, Al-Tobasei R, Ali A, Lourenco D, Gao G, Palti Y, Kenney B, Leeds TD. Genome-Wide Association Analysis With a 50K Transcribed Gene SNP-Chip Identifies QTL Affecting Muscle Yield in Rainbow Trout. Front Genet 2018; 9:387. [PMID: 30283492 PMCID: PMC6157414 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of coding/functional SNPs that change the biological function of a gene may lead to identification of putative causative alleles within QTL regions and discovery of genetic markers with large effects on phenotypes. This study has two-fold objectives, first to develop, and validate a 50K transcribed gene SNP-chip using RNA-Seq data. To achieve this objective, two bioinformatics pipelines, GATK and SAMtools, were used to identify ~21K transcribed SNPs with allelic imbalances associated with important aquaculture production traits including body weight, muscle yield, muscle fat content, shear force, and whiteness in addition to resistance/susceptibility to bacterial cold-water disease (BCWD). SNPs ere identified from pooled RNA-Seq data collected from ~620 fish, representing 98 families from growth- and 54 families from BCWD-selected lines with divergent phenotypes. In addition, ~29K transcribed SNPs without allelic-imbalances were strategically added to build a 50K Affymetrix SNP-chip. SNPs selected included two SNPs per gene from 14K genes and ~5K non-synonymous SNPs. The SNP-chip was used to genotype 1728 fish. The average SNP calling-rate for samples passing quality control (QC; 1,641 fish) was ≥ 98.5%. The second objective of this study was to test the feasibility of using the new SNP-chip in GWA (Genome-wide association) analysis to identify QTL explaining muscle yield variance. GWA study on 878 fish (representing 197 families from 2 consecutive generations) with muscle yield phenotypes and genotyped for 35K polymorphic markers (passing QC) identified several QTL regions explaining together up to 28.40% of the additive genetic variance for muscle yield in this rainbow trout population. The most significant QTLs were on chromosomes 14 and 16 with 12.71 and 10.49% of the genetic variance, respectively. Many of the annotated genes in the QTL regions were previously reported as important regulators of muscle development and cell signaling. No major QTLs were identified in a previous GWA study using a 57K genomic SNP chip on the same fish population. These results indicate improved detection power of the transcribed gene SNP-chip in the target trait and population, allowing identification of large-effect QTLs for important traits in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salem
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biosciences Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States.,Computational Science Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
| | - Rafet Al-Tobasei
- Computational Science Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ali Ali
- Department of Biology and Molecular Biosciences Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, United States
| | - Daniela Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Guangtu Gao
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Yniv Palti
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
| | - Brett Kenney
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Timothy D Leeds
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Kearneysville, WV, United States
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14
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Identification of rs7350481 at chromosome 11q23.3 as a novel susceptibility locus for metabolic syndrome in Japanese individuals by an exome-wide association study. Oncotarget 2018; 8:39296-39308. [PMID: 28445147 PMCID: PMC5503614 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed exome-wide association studies to identify genetic variants that influence body mass index or confer susceptibility to obesity or metabolic syndrome in Japanese. The exome-wide association study for body mass index included 12,890 subjects, and those for obesity and metabolic syndrome included 12,968 subjects (3954 individuals with obesity, 9014 controls) and 6817 subjects (3998 individuals with MetS, 2819 controls), respectively. Exome-wide association studies were performed with Illumina HumanExome-12 DNA Analysis BeadChip or Infinium Exome-24 BeadChip arrays. The relation of genotypes of single nucleotide polymorphisms to body mass index was examined by linear regression analysis, and that of allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms to obesity or metabolic syndrome was evaluated with Fisher's exact test. The exome-wide association studies identified six, 11, and 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms as being significantly associated with body mass index, obesity (P <1.21 × 10−6), or metabolic syndrome (P <1.20 × 10−6), respectively. Subsequent multivariable logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex revealed that three and five single nucleotide polymorphisms were related (P < 0.05) to obesity or metabolic syndrome, respectively, with one of these latter polymorphisms—rs7350481 (C/T) at chromosome 11q23.3—also being significantly (P < 3.13 × 10−4) associated with metabolic syndrome. The polymorphism rs7350481 may thus be a novel susceptibility locus for metabolic syndrome in Japanese. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes (CROT, TSC1, RIN3) and at four loci (ANKK1, ZNF804B, CSRNP3, 17p11.2) were implicated as candidate determinants of obesity and metabolic syndrome, respectively.
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15
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Differential gene expression revealed with RNA-Seq and parallel genotype selection of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in fish inhabiting polluted areas. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4820. [PMID: 29556088 PMCID: PMC5859300 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
How organisms adapt to unfavorable environmental conditions by means of plasticity or selection of favorable genetic variants is a central issue in evolutionary biology. In the Maipo River basin, the fish Basilichthys microlepidotus inhabits polluted and non-polluted areas. Previous studies have suggested that directional selection drives genomic divergence between these areas in 4% of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) loci, but the underlying genes and functions remain unknown. We hypothesized that B. microlepidotus in this basin has plastic and/or genetic responses to these conditions. Using RNA-Seq, we identified differentially expressed genes in individuals from two polluted sites compared with fish inhabiting non-polluted sites. In one polluted site, the main upregulated genes were related to cellular proliferation as well as suppression and progression of tumors, while biological processes and molecular functions involved in apoptotic processes were overrepresented in the upregulated genes of the second polluted site. The ornithine decarboxylase gene (related to tumor promotion and progression), which was overexpressed in both polluted sites, was sequenced, and a parallel pattern of a heterozygote deficiency and increase of the same homozygote genotype in both polluted sites compared with fish inhabiting the non-polluted sites was detected. These results suggest the occurrence of both a plastic response in gene expression and an interplay between phenotypic change and genotypic selection in the face of anthropogenic pollution.
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16
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Gutha R, Yarrappagaari S, Thopireddy L, Reddy KS, Saddala RR. Effect of abiotic and biotic stress factors analysis using machine learning methods in zebrafish. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2017; 25:62-72. [PMID: 29156228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the mechanisms underlying stress responses, meta-analysis of transcriptome is made to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their biological, molecular and cellular mechanisms in response to stressors. The present study is aimed at identifying the effect of abiotic and biotic stress factors, and it is found that several stress responsive genes are common for both abiotic and biotic stress factors in zebrafish. The meta-analysis of micro-array studies revealed that almost 4.7% i.e., 108 common DEGs are differentially regulated between abiotic and biotic stresses. This shows that there is a global coordination and fine-tuning of gene regulation in response to these two types of challenges. We also performed dimension reduction methods, principal component analysis, and partial least squares discriminant analysis which are able to segregate abiotic and biotic stresses into separate entities. The supervised machine learning model, recursive-support vector machine, could classify abiotic and biotic stresses with 100% accuracy using a subset of DEGs. Beside these methods, the random forests decision tree model classified five out of 8 stress conditions with high accuracy. Finally, Functional enrichment analysis revealed the different gene ontology terms, transcription factors and miRNAs factors in the regulation of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajasekar Gutha
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Naturo Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517426 A.P., India
| | - Suresh Yarrappagaari
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Naturo Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517426 A.P., India
| | | | | | - Rajeswara Reddy Saddala
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Dept of Biotechnology, School of Herbal Studies and Naturo Sciences, Dravidian University, Kuppam, 517426 A.P., India.
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17
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Simões-Costa M, Stone M, Bronner ME. Axud1 Integrates Wnt Signaling and Transcriptional Inputs to Drive Neural Crest Formation. Dev Cell 2015; 34:544-54. [PMID: 26256212 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neural crest cells are induced at the neural plate border by the combined action of transcription factors and signaling molecules. Here, we show that Axud1, a downstream effector of Wnt signaling, represents a critical missing link that integrates signaling and transcriptional cues to mediate neural crest formation. Axud1 is a transcription factor expressed in neural crest progenitors in a Wnt1/β-catenin-dependent manner. Axud1 loss leads to downregulation of multiple genes involved in neural crest specification, similar to the effects of Wnt1 knockdown. Importantly, Axud1 is sufficient to rescue neural crest formation after disruption of Wnt signaling. Furthermore, it physically interacts with neural plate border genes Pax7 and Msx1 in vivo to directly activate transcription of stem cell factor FoxD3, initiating the neural crest program. Thus, Axud1 integrates Wnt signaling with transcriptional inputs to endow the neural crest with its unique molecular signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Simões-Costa
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Michael Stone
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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18
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Zhao X, Sheng L, Wang L, Hong J, Yu X, Sang X, Sun Q, Ze Y, Hong F. Mechanisms of nanosized titanium dioxide-induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis in male mice. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:47. [PMID: 25209749 PMCID: PMC4354283 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0047-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the increased application of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in the food industry and daily life, their potential toxic effects in humans and animals have been investigated. However, very few studies have focused on testicular oxidative stress and/or apoptosis. Methods In order to understand the possible molecular mechanisms of testicular lesions following exposure to TiO2 NPs, male mice were exposed to 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs for 90 consecutive days. Testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis were then evaluated, and the testicular mRNA expression of several genes and their proteins involved in oxidative stress and/or apoptosis was investigated. Results TiO2 NPs entered Sertoli cells and caused severe testicular oxidative damage and/or apoptosis, accompanied by excessive production of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA as well as a significant reduction in antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, exposure to TiO2 NPs resulted in the up-regulation of caspase-3, Nrbp2, and cytochrome c expression, and caused down-regulation of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, GR, Cyp1b1, Car3, Bcl-2, Acaa2, and Axud1 expression in mouse testis. Conclusions TiO2 NPs entered Sertoli cells via the blood-testis barrier and were deposited in mouse seminiferous cord and/or Sertoli cells, causing oxidative damage and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, China. .,Cultivation base of State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biomaterials built together by Ministry of Science and Technology and Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, 215007, China.
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19
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Sheng L, Wang L, Sang X, Zhao X, Hong J, Cheng S, Yu X, Liu D, Xu B, Hu R, Sun Q, Cheng J, Cheng Z, Gui S, Hong F. Nano-sized titanium dioxide-induced splenic toxicity: a biological pathway explored using microarray technology. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 278:180-188. [PMID: 24968254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been widely used in various areas, and its potential toxicity has gained wide attention. However, the molecular mechanisms of multiple genes working together in the TiO2 NP-induced splenic injury are not well understood. In the present study, 2.5, 5, or 10mg/kg body weight TiO2 NPs were administered to the mice by intragastric administration for 90 consecutive days, their immune capacity in the spleen as well as the gene-expressed characteristics in the mouse damaged spleen were investigated using microarray assay. The findings showed that with increased dose, TiO2 NP exposure resulted in the increases of spleen indices, immune dysfunction, and severe macrophage infiltration as well as apoptosis in the spleen. Importantly, microarray data showed significant alterations in the expressions of 1041 genes involved in immune/inflammatory responses, apoptosis, oxidative stress, stress responses, metabolic processes, ion transport, signal transduction, cell proliferation/division, cytoskeleton and translation in the 10 mg/kg TiO2 NP-exposed spleen. Specifically, Cyp2e1, Sod3, Mt1, Mt2, Atf4, Chac1, H2-k1, Cxcl13, Ccl24, Cd14, Lbp, Cd80, Cd86, Cd28, Il7r, Il12a, Cfd, and Fcnb may be potential biomarkers of spleen toxicity following exposure to TiO2 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Library of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shen Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Suxin Gui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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20
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A molecular profile of cocaine abuse includes the differential expression of genes that regulate transcription, chromatin, and dopamine cell phenotype. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:2191-9. [PMID: 24642598 PMCID: PMC4104338 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic drug abuse, craving, and relapse are thought to be linked to long-lasting changes in neural gene expression arising through transcriptional and chromatin-related mechanisms. The key contributions of midbrain dopamine (DA)-synthesizing neurons throughout the addiction process provide a compelling rationale for determining the drug-induced molecular changes that occur in these cells. Yet our understanding of these processes remains rudimentary. The postmortem human brain constitutes a unique resource that can be exploited to gain insights into the pathophysiology of complex disorders such as drug addiction. In this study, we analyzed the profiles of midbrain gene expression in chronic cocaine abusers and well-matched drug-free control subjects using microarray and quantitative PCR. A small number of genes exhibited robust differential expression; many of these are involved in the regulation of transcription, chromatin, or DA cell phenotype. Transcript abundances for approximately half of these differentially expressed genes were diagnostic for assigning subjects to the cocaine-abusing vs control cohort. Identification of a molecular signature associated with pathophysiological changes occurring in cocaine abusers' midbrains should contribute to the development of biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for drug addiction.
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21
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Gene expression profile of compressed primary human cementoblasts before and after IL-1β stimulation. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 18:1925-39. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1167-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Gao G, Ze Y, Zhao X, Sang X, Zheng L, Ze X, Gui S, Sheng L, Sun Q, Hong J, Yu X, Wang L, Hong F, Zhang X. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced testicular damage, spermatogenesis suppression, and gene expression alterations in male mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 258-259:133-43. [PMID: 23721730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Although titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been demonstrated to accumulate in organs resulting in toxicity, there is currently only limited data regarding male reproductive toxicity by TiO2 NPs. In this study, testicular damage and alterations in gene expression profiles in male mice induced by intragastric administration of 2.5, 5, and 10mg/kg body weight of TiO2 NPs for 90 consecutive days were examined. Our findings showed that TiO2 NPs can cross the blood-testis barrier to reach the testis and accumulate therein, which, in turn, results in testicular lesions, sperm malformations, and alterations in serum sex hormone levels. Furthermore, microarray analysis showed that 70 genes with known functions were up-regulated, while 72 were down-regulated in TiO2 NPs-exposed testes. Of the altered gene expressions, Ly6e, Adam3, Tdrd6, Spata19, Tnp2, and Prm1 are involved in spermatogenesis, whereas Sc4mol, Psmc3ip, Mvd, Srd5a2, Lep, and Cyp2e1 are associated with steroid and hormone metabolism. Hence, the production and application of TiO2 NPs should be carried out cautiously, especially by humans of reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Gao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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23
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Ze Y, Hu R, Wang X, Sang X, Ze X, Li B, Su J, Wang Y, Guan N, Zhao X, Gui S, Zhu L, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Sheng L, Sun Q, Wang L, Hong F. Neurotoxicity and gene-expressed profile in brain-injured mice caused by exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:470-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguan Ze
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Renping Hu
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiao Ze
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Bi Li
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Junju Su
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ning Guan
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Suxin Gui
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College; Soochow University; Suzhou 215123 China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research; Soochow University; 708 Renmin Road Suzhou 215007 China
- Cultivation base of State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Biomaterials built together by Ministry of Science and Technology and Jiangsu Province; Suzhou 215007 China
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Cheng Z, Zhao H, Ze Y, Su J, Li B, Sheng L, Zhu L, Guan N, Gui S, Sang X, Zhao X, Sun Q, Wang L, Cheng J, Hu R, Hong F. Gene-expression changes in cerium chloride-induced injury of mouse hippocampus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60092. [PMID: 23573234 PMCID: PMC3616000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium is widely used in many aspects of modern society, including agriculture, industry and medicine. It has been demonstrated to enter the ecological environment, is then transferred to humans through food chains, and causes toxic actions in several organs including the brain of animals. However, the neurotoxic molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. In this study, mice were exposed to 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg BW cerium chloride (CeCl(3)) for 90 consecutive days, and their learning and memory ability as well as hippocampal gene expression profile were investigated. Our findings suggested that exposure to CeCl(3) led to hippocampal lesions, apoptosis, oxidative stress and impairment of spatial recognition memory. Furthermore, microarray data showed marked alterations in the expression of 154 genes involved in learning and memory, immunity and inflammation, signal transduction, apoptosis and response to stress in the 2 mg/kg CeCl(3) exposed hippocampi. Specifically, the significant up-regulation of Axud1, Cdc37, and Ube2v1 caused severe apoptosis, and great suppression of Adcy8, Fos, and Slc5a7 expression led to impairment of mouse cognitive ability. Therefore, Axud1, Cdc37, Ube2v1, Adcy8, Fos, and Slc5a7 may be potential biomarkers of hippocampal toxicity caused by CeCl3 exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agriculture University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuguan Ze
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Junju Su
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bing Li
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lei Sheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liyuan Zhu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ning Guan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Suxin Gui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xuezi Sang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Sun
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Wang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Renping Hu
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fashui Hong
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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25
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Gui S, Sang X, Zheng L, Ze Y, Zhao X, Sheng L, Sun Q, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Hu R, Wang L, Hong F, Tang M. Intragastric exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced nephrotoxicity in mice, assessed by physiological and gene expression modifications. Part Fibre Toxicol 2013; 10:4. [PMID: 23406204 PMCID: PMC3605279 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-10-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have demonstrated that titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) induced nephrotoxicity in animals. However, the nephrotoxic multiple molecular mechanisms are not clearly understood. Methods Mice were exposed to 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg TiO2 NPs by intragastric administration for 90 consecutive days, and their growth, element distribution, and oxidative stress in kidney as well as kidney gene expression profile were investigated using whole-genome microarray analysis technique. Results Our findings suggest that TiO2 NPs resulted in significant reduction of renal glomerulus number, apoptosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells, tissue necrosis or disorganization of renal tubules, coupled with decreased body weight, increased kidney indices, unbalance of element distribution, production of reactive oxygen species and peroxidation of lipid, protein and DNA in mouse kidney tissue. Furthermore, microarray analysis showed significant alterations in the expression of 1, 246 genes in the 10 mg/kg TiO2 NPs-exposed kidney. Of the genes altered, 1006 genes were associated with immune/inflammatory responses, apoptosis, biological processes, oxidative stress, ion transport, metabolic processes, the cell cycle, signal transduction, cell component, transcription, translation and cell differentiation, respectively. Specifically, the vital up-regulation of Bcl6, Cfi and Cfd caused immune/ inflammatory responses, the significant alterations of Axud1, Cyp4a12a, Cyp4a12b, Cyp4a14, and Cyp2d9 expression resulted in severe oxidative stress, and great suppression of Birc5, Crap2, and Tfrc expression led to renal cell apoptosis. Conclusions Axud1, Bcl6, Cf1, Cfd, Cyp4a12a, Cyp4a12b, Cyp2d9, Birc5, Crap2, and Tfrc may be potential biomarkers of kidney toxicity caused by TiO2 NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suxin Gui
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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26
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Espina J, Feijóo CG, Solís C, Glavic A. csrnp1a is necessary for the development of primitive hematopoiesis progenitors in zebrafish. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53858. [PMID: 23326522 PMCID: PMC3541188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CSRNP (cystein-serine-rich nuclear protein) transcription factors are conserved from Drosophila to human. Functional studies in mice, through knockout for each of their paralogs, have resulted insufficient to elucidate the function of this family of proteins in vertebrate development. Previously, we described the function of the zebrafish ortholog, Csnrp1/Axud1, showing its essential role in the survival and proliferation of cephalic progenitors. To extend our understanding of this family, we have studied the function of its paralog csrnp1a. Our results show that csrnp1a is expressed from 0 hpf, until larval stages, particularly in cephalic territories and in the intermediate cell mass (ICM). Using morpholinos in wild type and transgenic lines we observed that Csrnp1a knockdown generates a mild reduction in head size and a depletion of blood cells in circulation. This was combined with in situ hybridizations to analyze the expression of different mesodermal and primitive hematopoiesis markers. Morphant embryos have impaired blood formation without disruption of mesoderm specification, angiogenesis or heart development. The reduction of circulating blood cells occurs at the hematopoietic progenitor level, affecting both the erythroid and myeloid lineages. In addition, cell proliferation was also altered in hematopoietic anterior sites, specifically in spi1 expression domain. These and previous observations suggest an important role of Csnrps transcription factors in progenitor biology, both in the neural and hematopoietic linages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Espina
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencia Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen G. Feijóo
- Departamento de Ciencia Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Solís
- Departamento de Ciencia Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Glavic
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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27
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Esteves SLC, Korrodi-Gregório L, Cotrim CZ, van Kleeff PJM, Domingues SC, da Cruz e Silva OAB, Fardilha M, da Cruz e Silva EF. Protein phosphatase 1γ isoforms linked interactions in the brain. J Mol Neurosci 2012; 50:179-97. [PMID: 23080069 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-012-9902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational protein modifications, in particular reversible protein phosphorylation, are important regulatory mechanisms involved in cellular signaling transduction pathways. Thousands of human proteins are phosphorylatable and the tight regulation of phosphorylation states is crucial for cell maintenance and development. Protein phosphorylation occurs primarily on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, through the antagonistic actions of protein kinases and phosphatases. The catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a major Ser/Thr-phosphatase, associates with a large variety of regulatory subunits that define substrate specificity and determine specific cellular pathway responses. PP1 has been shown to bind to different proteins in the brain in order to execute key and differential functions. This work reports the identification of proteins expressed in the human brain that interact with PP1γ1 and PP1γ2 isoforms by the yeast two-hybrid method. An extensive search of PP1-binding motifs was performed for the proteins identified, revealing already known PP1 regulators but also novel interactors. Moreover, our results were integrated with the data of PP1γ interacting proteins from several public web databases, permitting the development of physical maps of the novel interactions. The PP1γ interactome thus obtained allowed for the identification of novel PP1 interacting proteins, supporting novel functions of PP1γ isoforms in the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L C Esteves
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Centre for Cell Biology, Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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28
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Cui Y, Liu H, Ze Y, Zengli Z, Hu Y, Cheng Z, Cheng J, Hu R, Gao G, Wang L, Tang M, Hong F. Gene expression in liver injury caused by long-term exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice. Toxicol Sci 2012; 128:171-85. [PMID: 22539623 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfs153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although liver toxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) has been demonstrated, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms of multiple genes working together underlying this type of liver injury in mice. In this study, we used the whole-genome microarray analysis technique to determine the gene expression profile in the livers of mice exposed to 10 mg/kg body weight TiO(2) NPs for 90 days. The findings showed that long-term exposure to TiO(2) NPs resulted in obvious titanium accumulation in the liver and TiO(2) NP aggregation in hepatocyte nuclei, an inflammatory response, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver dysfunction. Furthermore, microarray data showed striking changes in the expression of 785 genes related to the immune/inflammatory response, apoptosis, oxidative stress, the metabolic process, response to stress, cell cycle, ion transport, signal transduction, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, and cell differentiation in TiO(2) NP-exposed livers. In particular, a significant reduction in complement factor D (Cfd) expression following long-term exposure to TiO(2) NPs resulted in autoimmune and inflammatory disease states in mice. Therefore, Cfd may be a potential biomarker of liver toxicity caused by TiO(2) NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Cui
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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29
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Quinlan R, Graf M, Mason I, Lumsden A, Kiecker C. Complex and dynamic patterns of Wnt pathway gene expression in the developing chick forebrain. Neural Dev 2009; 4:35. [PMID: 19732418 PMCID: PMC2757023 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-4-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wnt signalling regulates multiple aspects of brain development in vertebrate embryos. A large number of Wnts are expressed in the embryonic forebrain; however, it is poorly understood which specific Wnt performs which function and how they interact. Wnts are able to activate different intracellular pathways, but which of these pathways become activated in different brain subdivisions also remains enigmatic. Results We have compiled the first comprehensive spatiotemporal atlas of Wnt pathway gene expression at critical stages of forebrain regionalisation in the chick embryo and found that most of these genes are expressed in strikingly dynamic and complex patterns. Several expression domains do not respect proposed compartment boundaries in the developing forebrain, suggesting that areal identities are more dynamic than previously thought. Using an in ovo electroporation approach, we show that Wnt4 expression in the thalamus is negatively regulated by Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling from the zona limitans intrathalamica (ZLI), a known organising centre of forebrain development. Conclusion The forebrain is exposed to a multitude of Wnts and Wnt inhibitors that are expressed in a highly dynamic and complex fashion, precluding simple correlative conclusions about their respective functions or signalling mechanisms. In various biological systems, Wnts are antagonised by Shh signalling. By demonstrating that Wnt4 expression in the thalamus is repressed by Shh from the ZLI we reveal an additional level of interaction between these two pathways and provide an example for the cross-regulation between patterning centres during forebrain regionalisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Quinlan
- MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunt's House, Guy's Hospital Campus, King's College, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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30
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Feijóo CG, Sarrazin AF, Allende ML, Glavic A. Cystein-serine-rich nuclear protein 1, Axud1/Csrnp1, is essential for cephalic neural progenitor proliferation and survival in zebrafish. Dev Dyn 2009; 238:2034-43. [PMID: 19544579 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The CSRNP (cystein-serine-rich nuclear protein) family has been conserved from Drosophila to human. Although knockout mice for each of the mammalian proteins have been generated, their function during vertebrate development has remained elusive. As an alternative to obtain insights on CSRNP's role in development, we have analysed the expression pattern and function of one member of this family, axud1, during zebrafish development. Our expression analysis indicates that axud1 is expressed from cleavage to larval stages in a dynamic pattern, becoming restricted after gastrulation to anterior regions of the developing neuraxis and later on concentrated predominantly in proliferating domains of the brain. Knockdown analysis using antisense morpholinos shows that reducing Axud1 levels impairs neural progenitor cell proliferation and survival, revealing an essential function of this gene for the growth of cephalic derivatives. The brain growth phenotypes elicited by decreasing Axud1 expression are specific and independent of anterior-posterior patterning events, initial establishment of neural progenitors, or neural differentiation occurring in this tissue. However, Axud1 is necessary for six3.1 expression and is positively regulated by sonic hedgehog. Phylogenetic examination shows that axud1 is likely to be the ortholog of the only member of this family present in Drosophila, as well as to the previously described mouse CSRNP1 and to human AXUD1 (Axin upregulated-1). Thus, we provide evidence as to the role of axud1 in brain growth in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen G Feijóo
- Center for Genomics of the Cell, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Chile, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Glavic A, Molnar C, Cotoras D, de Celis JF. Drosophila Axud1 is involved in the control of proliferation and displays pro-apoptotic activity. Mech Dev 2008; 126:184-97. [PMID: 19084594 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 11/18/2008] [Accepted: 11/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell division rates and apoptosis sculpt the growing organs, and its regulation implements the developmental programmes that define organ size and shape. The balance between oncogenes and tumour suppressors modulate the cell cycle and the apoptotic machinery to achieve this goal, promoting and restricting proliferation or, in certain conditions, inducing the apoptotic programme. Analysis of human cancer cells with mutation in AXIN gene has uncovered the potential function of AXUD1 as a tumour suppressor. It has been described that Human AXUD1 is a nuclear protein. We find that a DAxud1-GFP fusion protein is localised to the nucleus during interphase, where it accumulates associated to the nuclear envelope, but becomes distributed in a diffused pattern in the nucleus of mitotic cells. We have analysed the function of the Drosophila AXUD1 homologue, and find that DAxud1 behaves as a tumour suppressor that regulates the proliferation rhythm of imaginal cells. Knocking down the activity of DAxud1 enhances the proliferation of these cells, causing in addition a reduction in cell size. Conversely, the increase in DAxud1 expression impedes cell cycle progression at mitosis through disturbance of Cdk1 activity, and induces the apoptosis of these cells in a JNK-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Glavic
- Millennium Nucleus Center for Genomics of the Cell, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile.
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32
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García-Lecea M, Kondrychyn I, Fong SH, Ye ZR, Korzh V. In vivo analysis of choroid plexus morphogenesis in zebrafish. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3090. [PMID: 18769618 PMCID: PMC2525818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The choroid plexus (ChP), a component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and as a result plays a role in (i) protecting and nurturing the brain as well as (ii) in coordinating neuronal migration during neurodevelopment. Until now ChP development was not analyzed in living vertebrates due to technical problems. Methodology/Principal Findings We have analyzed the formation of the fourth ventricle ChP of zebrafish in the GFP-tagged enhancer trap transgenic line SqET33-E20 (Gateways) by a combination of in vivo imaging, histology and mutant analysis. This process includes the formation of the tela choroidea (TC), the recruitment of cells from rhombic lips and, finally, the coalescence of TC resulting in formation of ChP. In Notch-deficient mib mutants the first phase of this process is affected with premature GFP expression, deficient cell recruitment into TC and abnormal patterning of ChP. In Hedgehog-deficient smu mutants the second phase of the ChP morphogenesis lacks cell recruitment and TC cells undergo apoptosis. Conclusions/Significance This study is the first to demonstrate the formation of ChP in vivo revealing a role of Notch and Hedgehog signalling pathways during different developmental phases of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta García-Lecea
- Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (MGL); (VK)
| | - Igor Kondrychyn
- Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven H. Fong
- Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhang-Rui Ye
- Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vladimir Korzh
- Cancer and Developmental Cell Biology Division, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A-STAR, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (MGL); (VK)
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33
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Yamada K, Akiyama N, Yamada S, Tanaka H, Saito S, Hiraoka M, Kizaka-Kondoh S. Taip2 is a novel cell death-related gene expressed in the brain during development. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 369:426-31. [PMID: 18291095 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
TAIP2 was isolated as one of the homologous genes of TAIP3 (TGF-beta-up-regulated apoptosis-inducing-protein chromosome 3). The transcript of the mouse counterpart of TAIP2, designated mTaip2, was detected in several tissue specimens from embryos to adults, while mTaip2 was dominantly expressed in the embryonic brain. The overexpression of the full-length mTaip2 induced cell death in various cell lines. An analysis of mTaip2 deletion mutants revealed that the N-terminal half of mTaip2, but not the C-terminal half, had nuclear localization and cell death-inducing activities. The results indicate that mTaip2 is a novel cell death-related gene dominantly expressed in the embryonic brain, thus suggesting that mTaip2 may play a role in development of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Yamada
- Immuno-biological Laboratories Co., Ltd., 440-22 Okayama, Mikasa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
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