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Shen M, Li Z, Li H, Yan X, Feng B, Xu L. Association of periodontitis and tooth loss with extent of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1243992. [PMID: 38075042 PMCID: PMC10702216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1243992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The objective was to investigate the association of periodontitis and tooth loss with extent of diabetic coronary atherosclerosis. Materials and methods 272 patients who were hospitalized at Shanghai East hospital and underwent a coronary artery calcium (CAC) CT scan were enrolled in this study. Individuals were grouped based on their CAC scores into a normal-to-mild coronary atherosclerosis (AS) group (0 ≤ score ≤ 100, n=184) and a moderate-to-severe group (score≥101, n=88). Periodontitis parameters and number of missing teeth were evaluated for every patient. The severity of periodontitis was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. The taxonomic composition of the microbiota was determined using full-length 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Salivary inflammatory factors were tested by ELISA. Results Clinical attachment loss (CAL) (P =0.05) and the number of teeth lost (P = 0.016) were significantly higher in the moderate-to-severe coronary AS group, with these differences being more obvious in younger patients and patients with short-duration diabetes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that CAL (OR = 1.231, 95% CI = 1.066-1.214, P = 0.047) and having 10-19 missing teeth (OR = 1.604, 95% CI = 1.393-6.555, P = 0.05) were strongly associated with the presence of moderate-to-severe coronary AS. Salivary IL-6 and TNF-α levels, as well as levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Neisseria mucosa, were significantly elevated in the moderate-to-severe coronary AS group. Conclusion It was found that both tooth loss and CAL were related to the extent of diabetic coronary AS. Saliva inflammatory factors and oral bacteremia may be new biomarkers for moderate-to-severe coronary AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Shen
- Department of Stomatology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Stomatology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Zhou X, Wang B, Demkowicz PC, Johnson JS, Chen Y, Spakowicz DJ, Zhou Y, Dorsett Y, Chen L, Sodergren E, Kuchel GA, Weinstock GM. Exploratory studies of oral and fecal microbiome in healthy human aging. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:1002405. [PMID: 36338834 PMCID: PMC9631447 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.1002405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has linked an altered host fecal microbiome composition with health status, common chronic diseases, and institutionalization in vulnerable older adults. However, fewer studies have described microbiome changes in healthy older adults without major confounding diseases or conditions, and the impact of aging on the microbiome across different body sites remains unknown. Using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we reconstructed the composition of oral and fecal microbiomes in young (23-32; mean = 25 years old) and older (69-94; mean = 77 years old) healthy community-dwelling research subjects. In both body sites, we identified changes in minor bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) between young and older subjects. However, the composition of the predominant bacterial species of the healthy older group in both microbiomes was not significantly different from that of the young cohort, which suggests that dominant bacterial species are relatively stable with healthy aging. In addition, the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Rothia and Mycoplasma, was enriched in the oral microbiome of the healthy older group relative to the young cohort. We also identified several OTUs with a prevalence above 40% and some were more common in young and others in healthy older adults. Differences with aging varied for oral and fecal samples, which suggests that members of the microbiome may be differentially affected by aging in a tissue-specific fashion. This is the first study to investigate both oral and fecal microbiomes in the context of human aging, and provides new insights into interactions between aging and the microbiome within two different clinically relevant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Patrick C. Demkowicz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jethro S. Johnson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Oxford Centre for Microbiome Studies, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yanfei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Daniel J. Spakowicz
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yanjiao Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Yair Dorsett
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Erica Sodergren
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - George A. Kuchel
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
- UConn Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
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Prostanoid Metabolites as Biomarkers in Human Disease. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12080721. [PMID: 36005592 PMCID: PMC9414732 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2α), prostacyclin (PGI2), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) together form the prostanoid family of lipid mediators. As autacoids, these five primary prostanoids propagate intercellular signals and are involved in many physiological processes. Furthermore, alterations in their biosynthesis accompany a wide range of pathological conditions, which leads to substantially increased local levels during disease. Primary prostanoids are chemically instable and rapidly metabolized. Their metabolites are more stable, integrate the local production on a systemic level, and their analysis in various biological matrices yields valuable information under different pathological settings. Therefore, prostanoid metabolites may be used as diagnostic, predictive, or prognostic biomarkers in human disease. Although their potential as biomarkers is great and extensive research has identified major prostanoid metabolites that serve as target analytes in different biofluids, the number of studies that correlate prostanoid metabolite levels to disease outcome is still limited. We review the metabolism of primary prostanoids in humans, summarize the levels of prostanoid metabolites in healthy subjects, and highlight existing biomarker studies. Since analysis of prostanoid metabolites is challenging because of ongoing metabolism and limited half-lives, an emphasis of this review lies on the reliable measurement and interpretation of obtained levels.
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Jiang L, Li Y, Wang L, Guo J, Liu W, Meng G, Zhang L, Li M, Cong L, Sun M. Recent Insights Into the Prognostic and Therapeutic Applications of Lysozymes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:767642. [PMID: 34925025 PMCID: PMC8678502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.767642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozymes are naturally occurring enzymes present in a variety of biological organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and animal bodily secretions and tissues. It is also the main ingredient of many ethnomedicines. It is well known that lysozymes and lysozyme-like enzymes can be used as anti-bacterial agents by degrading bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan that leads to cell death, and can also inhibit fungi, yeasts, and viruses. In addition to its direct antimicrobial activity, lysozyme is also an important component of the innate immune system in most mammals. Increasing evidence has shown the immune-modulatory effects of lysozymes against infection and inflammation. More recently, studies have revealed the anti-cancer activities of lysozyme in multiple types of tumors, potentially through its immune-modulatory activities. In this review, we summarized the major functions and underlying mechanisms of lysozymes derived from animal and plant sources. We highlighted the therapeutic applications and recent advances of lysozymes in cancers, hypertension, and viral diseases, aiming toseeking alternative therapies for standard medical treatment bypassing side effects. We also evaluated the role of lysozyme as a promising cancer marker for prognosis to indicate the outcomes recurrence for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Yunhe Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jian Guo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guixian Meng
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Miao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Cong
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
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Mandujano A, Méndez-Ramírez I, Silveira-Torre LH. Systemic Sclerosis: Elevated Levels of Leukotrienes in Saliva and Plasma Are Associated with Vascular Manifestations and Nailfold Capillaroscopic Abnormalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010841. [PMID: 34682587 PMCID: PMC8536043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of leukotrienes (LTs) in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) needs clarification. We analyzed the association of salivary (sa) and plasma (p) levels (pg/mL) of cysteinyl-leukotrienes (CysLT) and LTB4 with SSc vascular manifestations and nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) in a cross-sectional study. Patients and healthy controls were evaluated for vascular manifestations and NFC. LTs were compared between groups as follows: SSc with or SSc without vascular features and controls, and by NFC parameters. Twenty SSc patients and 16 volunteers were recruited; Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) history (SSc: saCysLT 99.4 ± 21.8 vs. controls: 23.05 ± 23.7, p = 0.01), RP at examination (SSc: saCysLT 129.3 ± 24.6 vs. controls: 23.05 ± 22.46, p = 0.01; pCysLT SSc: 87.5 ± 11.2 vs. controls: 32.37 ± 10.75, p = 0.002), capillary loss (saCysLT 138.6 ± 26.7 vs. 23.05 ± 21.6, p = 0.0007; saLTB4 3380.9 ± 426.6 vs. 1216.33 ± 346.1, p = 0.0005), "late" scleroderma pattern vs. controls (saCysLT 205.6 ± 32 vs. 23 ± 19.6, p = 0.0002; saLTB4 4564.9 ± 503.6 vs. 1216.3 ± 308.3; p < 0.0001) were all significant. Late patterns had higher levels (saCysLT, p = 0.002; LTB4 p = 0.0006) compared to active and early patterns (LTB4, p = 0.0006), and giant capillaries (p = 0.01) showed higher levels of LTs. Levels of pCysLT were higher in patients with RP at examination vs. patients without RP; saCysLT and LTB4 were higher in SSc group with vs. without capillary loss. LTs could be involved in the pathophysiology of vascular abnormalities. Further research is required to determine if blocking LTs could be a therapeutic target for SSc vascular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Mandujano
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (L.H.S.-T.)
| | - Ignacio Méndez-Ramírez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y en Sistemas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Luis Humberto Silveira-Torre
- Departamento de Reumatología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (L.H.S.-T.)
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6
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Roberts ID, Krajbich I, Way BM. Acetaminophen influences social and economic trust. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4060. [PMID: 30858394 PMCID: PMC6412049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen has long been assumed to selectively alleviate physical pain, but recent research has started to reveal its broader psychological effects. Building on this work, we find suggestive evidence that acetaminophen affects the basic social process of trust across a national survey and five lab experiments. In a national community sample (MIDUS II), acetaminophen usage was negatively associated with neighborhood trust and feelings of social integration. In a series of lab experiments (N = 767), acetaminophen reduced the influence of self-generated expectations on investments in a trust game. When we manipulated trust game investor expectations, acetaminophen increased investments regardless of expectations. These results provide the first demonstration that an over-the-counter drug can impact trust-related behavior. Overall, the findings paint a complex picture of how situational factors may influence drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Roberts
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Ian Krajbich
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.,Department of Economics, The Ohio State University, 1945 N High Street, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Baldwin M Way
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, 1835 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA. .,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, 460 Medical Center Drive, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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7
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Differential Associations for Salivary Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Phosphate Levels with Carotid Intima Media Thickness, Heart Rate, and Arterial Stiffness. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:3152146. [PMID: 30647796 PMCID: PMC6311732 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3152146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Salivary biomarkers may offer a noninvasive and easy sampling alternative in cardiovascular risk evaluation. The aim of the present study was to establish associations of salivary potassium, sodium, calcium, and phosphate levels with the cardiovascular phenotype determined by carotid ultrasound and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and to identify possible covariates for these associations. N = 241 samples of nonstimulated whole buccal saliva were obtained from subjects with (n = 143; 59%) or without (n = 98; 41%) hypertension. The potassium concentrations were 10-fold higher in saliva compared with plasma, whereas sodium concentrations exhibited the reverse relation between saliva and blood. There were no significant correlations between the levels of sodium, potassium, or calcium in saliva and plasma. All salivary electrolytes, except sodium, were significantly associated with age. In age-adjusted analyses, salivary potassium was significantly associated with carotid artery intima media thickness (cIMT) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and these associations were at the limit of significance in multivariate analyses including prevalent cardiovascular disease and risk factors. Body mass index was a significant confounder for salivary potassium. Salivary phosphate was significantly associated with cIMT in the multivariate analysis. Salivary potassium, calcium, and phosphate levels were significantly associated with heart rate in the univariate age-adjusted as well as in two different multivariate models, whereas no significant associations between sodium and heart rate were observed. In conclusion, the differential association of salivary electrolytes with cardiovascular phenotypes indicates that these electrolytes should be further studied for their predictive value as noninvasive biomarkers for cardiovascular risk evaluation.
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8
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Costantino E, Actis AB. Dietary Fatty Acids and Other Nutrients in Relation to Inflammation and Particularly to Oral Mucosa Inflammation. A Literature Review. Nutr Cancer 2018; 71:718-730. [PMID: 30450980 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1521439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral mucosa is site of inflammatory process development. When they are chronic, they provide a microenvironment based on cytokines and inflammatory mediators that contribute to cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. Certain dietary fatty acids (FAs) have immunomodulatory, inflammatory, and antiinflammatory effects. This review examined the literature on inflammation, mainly referred to the oral mucosa, and its association with dietary FAs and other nutrients. A Pubmed search of studies published in English until June 2018 was carried out. N-3 FAs have shown immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activity in certain human diseases. These FAs and their mediators may inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis, and cancer via multiple mechanisms. Studies on cellular models of murine and human intestinal mucosa indicate association between dietary n-3 FA intake and the inflammatory state of mucosa membranes. Nevertheless scarce information on the association between dietary FAs and oral inflammation could be found. Based on the evidence, we hypothesize that n-3 FAs reduce the oral mucosa inflammation thus decreasing the risk of developing precancerous lesions and cancer. Molecular and clinical studies referred to this topic should be carried out as a contribution to the oral cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelina Costantino
- a Cátedra B de Anatomía, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Adriana Beatriz Actis
- a Cátedra B de Anatomía, Facultad de Odontología , Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina.,b Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET y Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
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9
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Lira-Junior R, Åkerman S, Klinge B, Boström EA, Gustafsson A. Salivary microbial profiles in relation to age, periodontal, and systemic diseases. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29538390 PMCID: PMC5851536 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Analysis of saliva is emerging as a promising tool to diagnose and monitor diseases which makes determination of the salivary microbial profile in different scenarios essential. Objective To evaluate the effects of age, periodontal disease, sex, smoking, and medical conditions on the salivary microbial profile. Design A randomly selected sample of 441 individuals was enrolled (51% women; mean age 48.5±16.8). Participants answered a health questionnaire and underwent an oral examination. Stimulated saliva was collected and the counts of 41 bacteria were determined by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Results Elderly participants (> 64 years old) presented a significant increase in 24 out of 41 bacterial species compared to adults (≤ 64 years old). Eubacterium nodatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia were significantly higher in participants with generalized bone loss compared to without. Males and non-smokers had higher bacteria counts in saliva. Individuals having mental disorders or muscle and joint diseases showed significantly altered microbial profiles whereas small or no differences were found for subjects with high blood pressure, heart disease, previous heart surgery, bowel disease, tumors, or diabetes. Conclusion Age, periodontal status, sex, smoking, and certain medical conditions namely, mental disorders and muscle and joint diseases, might affect the microbial profile in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronaldo Lira-Junior
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden
- Rio de Janeiro State University, Faculty of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sigvard Åkerman
- Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology, Department of Orofacial Pain and Jaw Function, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Björn Klinge
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden
- Malmö University, Faculty of Odontology, Department of Periodontology, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth A. Boström
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Anders Gustafsson
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Dental Medicine, Division of Oral Diseases, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abdul Rehman S, Khurshid Z, Hussain Niazi F, Naseem M, Al Waddani H, Sahibzada HA, Sannam Khan R. Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD). Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5030021. [PMID: 28783097 PMCID: PMC5620538 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5030021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human whole mouth saliva (WMS) is secreted by salivary glands, namely parotid, submandibular/sublingual and other minor glands of the oral cavity. It is secreted in a systematic way, and contain informative proteins and peptides for the early detection of contagious diseases and organ-related diseases. The role of WMS as a liquid biopsy for the detection of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through Myoglobin (MYO), Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), Creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Exosomal miRNA, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-8 (TIMP-1), leukotriene B4 has been well reported in last decade, that have been reviewed in the literature comprehensively below.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Abdul Rehman
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi 74700, Pakistan.
| | - Zohaib Khurshid
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fayez Hussain Niazi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Mustafa Naseem
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudia Arabia.
| | - Hamed Al Waddani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Rabia Sannam Khan
- Department of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Baqai University, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
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11
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Maga P, Sanak M, Rewerska B, Maga M, Jawien J, Wachsmann A, Rewerski P, Szczeklik W, Celejewska-Wójcik N. Urinary cysteinyl leukotrienes in one-year follow-up of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:174-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Inflammatory mediators in saliva associated with arterial stiffness and subclinical atherosclerosis. J Hypertens 2015; 31:2251-8; discussion 2258. [PMID: 23868086 PMCID: PMC3819311 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328363dccc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whereas circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been associated with, for example, arterial stiffness, subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome, other inflammatory biomarkers with potential interest for these conditions may not be measurable systemically. The predictive value of salivary biomarkers in these contexts has remained largely unexplored. The aim of the present study was to establish the association of different salivary biomarkers of inflammation with subclinical cardiovascular disease. METHODS Two hundred and fifty-nine individuals were included in the study. Saliva and plasma samples were collected, and each individual underwent carotid ultrasound and measures of pulse wave velocity and blood pressure. Medical history of previous cardiovascular disease, current medications and smoking were collected by questionnaire. RESULTS Salivary levels of CRP, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), creatinine and lysozyme were measured. Salivary levels of CRP were significantly correlated with plasma levels (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001). In an age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analysis, salivary CRP was significantly and positively correlated with mean arterial blood pressure, pulse pressure, pulse wave velocity, BMI, metabolic syndrome, waist-to-hip ratio and intima-media thickness. Increasing age and sex-adjusted salivary CRP tertiles were in addition associated with carotid plaques. In a multivariate analysis, CRP and MMP-9 were associated with intima-media thickness, LTB4 and PGE2 with arterial stiffness, and lysozyme with hypertension. CONCLUSION Saliva may represent an alternative mean for evaluation of cardiovascular risk.
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13
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Influence of mineral supplementation on oxidative stress, ovarian follicles growth and reproductive hormone concentration in cyclic Arab mares. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60107-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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AboEl-Maaty AM, Shata FY, Mahmoud MBE, Gabr FI. Oxidant/antioxidant status during foal heat in Arab mares and their relation to ovarian hormones. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTION 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2305-0500(13)60077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Riccioni G, Bäck M. Leukotrienes as modifiers of preclinical atherosclerosis? ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:490968. [PMID: 22645425 PMCID: PMC3354776 DOI: 10.1100/2012/490968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical atherosclerosis represents a crucial period associated with several pathophysiological reactions in the vascular wall. Failure to diagnose preclinical atherosclerosis at this stage misses a major opportunity to prevent the long-term consequences of this disease. Surrogate biological and structural vascular markers are available to determine the presence and the extension of preclinical vascular injury in the general population. Examples of surrogate markers are carotid intima media thickness and biomarkers including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cell adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, and leukotrienes. Recently, leukotrienes have been implicated as mediators, biomarkers, and possible therapeutic targets in the context of subclinical atherosclerosis. The aim of this short paper is to focus on the relation between preclinical atherosclerosis and leukotrienes, with particular attention to the recent development on the use of leukotriene modifiers in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- Cardiology Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, Foggia, Italy.
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González OA, Stromberg AJ, Huggins PM, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Novak MJ, Ebersole JL. Apoptotic genes are differentially expressed in aged gingival tissue. J Dent Res 2011; 90:880-6. [PMID: 21471327 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511403744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular and molecular changes of the periodontium associated with a higher prevalence of oral diseases (e.g., chronic periodontitis) in aged populations have received little attention. Since impaired apoptosis during aging appears to be related to chronic inflammatory disorders, we hypothesized that the expression of genes associated with apoptotic processes are altered in aged healthy and periodontitis-affected gingival tissue. Ontology analysis of 88 genes related to apoptotic pathways was performed in gingival biopsies of healthy and periodontitis sites from young, adult, and aged non-human primates (Macaca mulatta), using the GeneChip® Rhesus Macaque Genome Array. Lower expression of anti-apoptotic and higher expression of pro-apoptotic genes were associated with healthy gingival tissue from young compared with aged animals. Few differences in gene expression were observed in healthy gingival tissue between adult and aged animals. Comparison between healthy and periodontitis gingival tissues showed that the up- or down-regulated apoptotic genes in diseased gingival tissue are different in adults compared with aged animals. These results suggest that apoptotic events normally occurring in gingival tissues could be reduced in aging,and unique aspects of apoptotic pathways are potentially involved in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease in adult vs. aged gingival tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A González
- Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, USA.
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Hlawaty H, Jacob MP, Louedec L, Letourneur D, Brink C, Michel JB, Feldman L, Bäck M. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonism and the Prevention of Extracellular Matrix Degradation During Atherosclerosis and In-Stent Stenosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:518-24. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.108.181750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Hlawaty
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie-Paule Jacob
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liliane Louedec
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Didier Letourneur
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charles Brink
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laurent Feldman
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bäck
- From the INSERM U698 (H.H., M.-P.J., L.L., D.L., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F., M.B.), University of Paris 13 (H.H., D.L.), University of Paris 7 (M.-P.J., C.B., J.-B.M., L.F.), and the Department of Cardiology (L.F., M.B.), Bichat Hospital, Paris, France; and the Center for Molecular Medicine (M.B.), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Houard X, Ollivier V, Louedec L, Michel J, Back M. Differential inflammatory activity across human abdominal aortic aneurysms reveals neutrophilderived leukotriene B4 as a major chemotactic factor released from the intraluminal thrombus. FASEB J 2009; 23:1376-83. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.08-116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Houard
- INSERM U698 Paris 7 Denis Diderot UniversityCardiovascular HematologyBio‐Engineering and RemodelingBichat‐Claude Bernard HospitalParisFrance
| | - Veronique Ollivier
- INSERM U698 Paris 7 Denis Diderot UniversityCardiovascular HematologyBio‐Engineering and RemodelingBichat‐Claude Bernard HospitalParisFrance
| | - Liliane Louedec
- INSERM U698 Paris 7 Denis Diderot UniversityCardiovascular HematologyBio‐Engineering and RemodelingBichat‐Claude Bernard HospitalParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Michel
- INSERM U698 Paris 7 Denis Diderot UniversityCardiovascular HematologyBio‐Engineering and RemodelingBichat‐Claude Bernard HospitalParisFrance
| | - Magnus Back
- INSERM U698 Paris 7 Denis Diderot UniversityCardiovascular HematologyBio‐Engineering and RemodelingBichat‐Claude Bernard HospitalParisFrance
- Department of Cardiology and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
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Bäck M. Leukotriene signaling in atherosclerosis and ischemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2008; 23:41-8. [PMID: 18949546 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-008-6140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inflammatory process of atherosclerosis is associated with several pathophysiological reactions within the vascular wall. The arachidonic acid released by phospholipase A(2) serves as substrate for the production of a group of lipid mediators known as the leukotrienes, which induce pro-inflammatory signaling through activation of specific BLT and CysLT receptors. DISCUSSION Leukotriene signaling has been implicated in early lipid retention and foam cell accumulation, as well as in the development of intimal hyperplasia and advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Furthermore, the association of leukotrienes with degradation of extracellular matrix has suggested a role in atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Finally, studies of either myocardial or cerebral ischemia and reperfusion indicate that leukotriene signaling in addition may be involved in the development of ischemic injury. CONCLUSION Both leukotriene synthesis inhibitors and leukotriene receptor antagonists have been suggested to induce beneficial effects at different stages of the atherosclerosis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- INSERM U698, Bichat Hospital, 46 rue Henri Huchard, 75018, Paris, France.
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Bäck M. Inflammatory signaling through leukotriene receptors in atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2008; 10:244-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-008-0038-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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