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Umstead M, Xiong J, Qi Q, Du Y, Fu H. Aurora kinase A interacts with H-Ras and potentiates Ras-MAPK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28359-28372. [PMID: 28177880 PMCID: PMC5438655 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, upregulated Ras promotes cellular transformation and proliferation in part through activation of oncogenic Ras-MAPK signaling. While directly inhibiting Ras has proven challenging, new insights into Ras regulation through protein-protein interactions may offer unique opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here we report the identification and validation of Aurora kinase A (Aurora A) as a novel Ras binding protein. We demonstrate that the kinase domain of Aurora A mediates the interaction with the N-terminal domain of H-Ras. Further more, the interaction of Aurora A and H-Ras exists in a protein complex with Raf-1. We show that binding of H-Ras to Raf-1 and subsequent MAPK signaling is enhanced by Aurora A, and requires active H-Ras. Thus, the functional linkage between Aurora A and the H-Ras/Raf-1 protein complex may provide a mechanism for Aurora A's oncogenic activity through direct activation of the Ras/MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaKendra Umstead
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jinglin Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Patel AV, Eaves D, Jessen WJ, Rizvi TA, Ecsedy JA, Qian MG, Aronow BJ, Perentesis JP, Serra E, Cripe TP, Miller SJ, Ratner N. Ras-driven transcriptome analysis identifies aurora kinase A as a potential malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:5020-30. [PMID: 22811580 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) develop malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), which are often inoperable and do not respond well to current chemotherapies or radiation. The goal of this study was to use comprehensive gene expression analysis to identify novel therapeutic targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Nerve Schwann cells and/or their precursors are the tumorigenic cell types in MPNST because of the loss of the NF1 gene, which encodes the RasGAP protein neurofibromin. Therefore, we created a transgenic mouse model, CNP-HRas12V, expressing constitutively active HRas in Schwann cells and defined a Ras-induced gene expression signature to drive a Bayesian factor regression model analysis of differentially expressed genes in mouse and human neurofibromas and MPNSTs. We tested functional significance of Aurora kinase overexpression in MPNST in vitro and in vivo using Aurora kinase short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and compounds that inhibit Aurora kinase. RESULTS We identified 2,000 genes with probability of linkage to nerve Ras signaling of which 339 were significantly differentially expressed in mouse and human NF1-related tumor samples relative to normal nerves, including Aurora kinase A (AURKA). AURKA was dramatically overexpressed and genomically amplified in MPNSTs but not neurofibromas. Aurora kinase shRNAs and Aurora kinase inhibitors blocked MPNST cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, an AURKA selective inhibitor, MLN8237, stabilized tumor volume and significantly increased survival of mice with MPNST xenografts. CONCLUSION Integrative cross-species transcriptome analyses combined with preclinical testing has provided an effective method for identifying candidates for molecular-targeted therapeutics. Blocking Aurora kinases may be a viable treatment platform for MPNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami V Patel
- Divisions of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Oncology, and Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, USA
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Barreto K, Aparicio A, Bharathikumar VM, DeCoteau JF, Geyer CR. Yeast two-hybrid screening of cyclic peptide libraries using a combination of random and PI-deconvolution pooling strategies. Protein Eng Des Sel 2012; 25:453-64. [PMID: 22763264 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzs029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a high throughput yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay for screening pools of combinatorial cyclic peptide preys against pools of bait proteins. The assay used the PI (pooling with imaginary tags) deconvolution pooling strategy to generate pools of baits and a random pooling strategy to generate pools of cyclic peptide preys. Haploid yeast, expressing pools of baits or preys, were arrayed and mated to each other to generate diploid arrays, where the yeast express both baits and preys. Diploid arrays were scored for activation of the Y2H reporter genes. We used this Y2H pooling strategy, referred to as 'PI-pool-on-random pool', to screen a cyclic peptide library for interactions against Bcr-Abl domains. Seven Bcr-Abl domain baits and LexA control were pooled using the PI deconvolution pooling strategy. The cyclic peptide library was randomly arrayed into pools of ~1000 members. Cyclic peptides were isolated for six of seven Bcr-Abl domain baits. The PI-pool-on-random pooling Y2H assay using high stringency Y2H reporter genes produced no false positives, while missing 20% of real interactions. The high specificity of the PI-pool-on-random pooling Y2H assay eliminates the need to validate interactions. Pooling of baits and preys allows large prey libraries to be screened against multiple baits and takes advantage of PI-deconvolution to determine protein interactions with high sensitivity and specificity. The scalability of this assay allows the peptide preys to be isolated in a high throughput manner against a large number of baits and provides an avenue for generating affinity agents against entire proteomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Barreto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
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Hamdi A, Colas P. Yeast two-hybrid methods and their applications in drug discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 33:109-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Lafleur JP, Snakenborg D, Nielsen SS, Møller M, Toft KN, Menzel A, Jacobsen JK, Vestergaard B, Arleth L, Kutter JP. Automated microfluidic sample-preparation platform for high-throughput structural investigation of proteins by small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889811030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new microfluidic sample-preparation system is presented for the structural investigation of proteins using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) at synchrotrons. The system includes hardware and software features for precise fluidic control, sample mixing by diffusion, automated X-ray exposure control, UV absorbance measurements and automated data analysis. As little as 15 µl of sample is required to perform a complete analysis cycle, including sample mixing, SAXS measurement, continuous UV absorbance measurements, and cleaning of the channels and X-ray cell with buffer. The complete analysis cycle can be performed in less than 3 min. Bovine serum albumin was used as a model protein to characterize the mixing efficiency and sample consumption of the system. The N2 fragment of an adaptor protein (p120-RasGAP) was used to demonstrate how the device can be used to survey the structural space of a protein by screening a wide set of conditions using high-throughput techniques.
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Ger M, Zitkus Z, Valius M. Adaptor protein Nck1 interacts with p120 Ras GTPase-activating protein and regulates its activity. Cell Signal 2011; 23:1651-8. [PMID: 21664272 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adaptor protein Nck1 binds a number of intracellular proteins and influences various signaling pathways. Here we show that Nck1 directly binds and activates the GTPase-activating protein of Ras (RasGAP), which is responsible for the down-regulation of Ras. The first and the third SH3 domains of Nck1 and the NH(2)-terminal proline-rich sequence of RasGAP contribute most to the complex formation causing direct molecular interaction between the two proteins. Cell adhesion to the substrate is obligatory for the Nck1 and RasGAP association, as cell detachment makes RasGAP incapable of associating with Nck1. This leads to the complex dissipation, decrease of RasGAP activity and the increase of H-Ras-GTP level in the detached cells. Our findings reveal unexpected feature of adaptor protein Nck1 as the regulator of RasGAP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ger
- Proteomics Centre, Vilnius University Institute of Biochemistry, Lithuania.
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Brien G, Debaud AL, Bickle M, Trescol-Biémont MC, Moncorgé O, Colas P, Bonnefoy-Bérard N. Characterization of Peptide Aptamers Targeting Bfl-1 Anti-Apoptotic Protein. Biochemistry 2011; 50:5120-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi101839p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Brien
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, INSERM U851, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France, and Université Lyon1, IFR128, Lyon, France
| | - A.-L. Debaud
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, INSERM U851, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France, and Université Lyon1, IFR128, Lyon, France
| | | | - M.-C. Trescol-Biémont
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, INSERM U851, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France, and Université Lyon1, IFR128, Lyon, France
| | | | | | - N. Bonnefoy-Bérard
- Université de Lyon, Lyon, France, INSERM U851, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon F-69007, France, and Université Lyon1, IFR128, Lyon, France
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Schöneberger H, Weiss A, Brill B, Delis N, Borghouts C, Groner B. The integration of a Stat3 specific peptide aptamer into the thioredoxin scaffold protein strongly enhances its inhibitory potency. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2011; 5:1-9. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractWe are characterizing peptides which are able to interact with functional domains of oncoproteins and thus inhibit their activity. The yeast two-hybrid system was used to derive a peptide sequence which specifically interacts with the dimerization domain of the transcription factor Stat3. The activated form of Stat3 is required for the survival of many transformed cells and Stat3 inhibition can cause tumor cell death. The genetic selection of specific peptide sequences from random peptide libraries requires the integration into a scaffold protein and the expression in yeast cells. The scaffold protein, a variant of the human thioredoxin protein, has previously been optimized and also allows for effective bacterial expression of the recombinant protein and the cellular uptake of the purified, recombinant protein. We investigated the contributions of the scaffold protein to the inhibitory properties of rS3-PA. For this purpose we compared rS3-PA in which the ligand peptide is embedded within the thioredoxin scaffold protein with a minimal Stat3-interacting peptide sequence. sS3-P45 is a synthetic peptide of 45 amino acids in length and consists only of the Stat3-binding sequence of 20 amino acids, a protein transduction domain (PTD) and a Flag-tag. Both, the recombinant rS3-PA of 19.3 kDa and the synthetic sS3-P45 of 5.1 kDa, were taken up into the cytoplasm of cells by the PTD-mediated transduction process, inhibited Stat3 target gene expression and caused the death of Stat3-dependent tumor cells. Stat3-independent normal cells were unaffected. rS3-PA effectively inhibited Stat3 function at 2 μM, however, sS3-P45 was required at a concentration of 100 μM to exert the same effects. The more potent action of rS3-PA is most probably due to a conformational stabilization of the Stat3-interacting peptide in the context of the scaffold protein.
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Design and utility of CCN2 anchor peptide aptamers. Biochimie 2010; 92:1010-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Aurora-A phosphorylates, activates, and relocalizes the small GTPase RalA. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 30:508-23. [PMID: 19901077 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00916-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Ras, which transmits extracellular signals to the cell, and the kinase Aurora-A, which promotes proper mitosis, can both be inappropriately activated in human tumors. Here, we show that Aurora-A in conjunction with oncogenic Ras enhances transformed cell growth. Furthermore, such transformation and in some cases also tumorigenesis depend upon S194 of RalA, a known Aurora-A phosphorylation site. Aurora-A promotes not only RalA activation but also translocation from the plasma membrane and activation of the effector protein RalBP1. Taken together, these data suggest that Aurora-A may converge upon oncogenic Ras signaling through RalA.
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Inhibition of vaccinia virus replication by peptide aptamers. Antiviral Res 2009; 82:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 01/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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p120Ras-GAP binds the DLC1 Rho-GAP tumor suppressor protein and inhibits its RhoA GTPase and growth-suppressing activities. Oncogene 2009; 28:1401-9. [PMID: 19151751 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
DLC1 (deleted in liver cancer 1), which encodes a Rho GTPase-activating protein (Rho-GAP), is a potent tumor suppressor gene that is frequently inactivated in several human cancers. DLC1 is a multidomain protein that has been shown previously to bind members of the tensin gene family. Here we show that p120Ras-GAP (Ras-GAP; also known as RASA1) interacts and extensively colocalizes with DLC1 in focal adhesions. The binding was mapped to the SH3 domain located in the N terminus of Ras-GAP and to the Rho-GAP catalytic domain located in the C terminus of the DLC1. In vitro analyses with purified proteins determined that the isolated Ras-GAP SH3 domain inhibits DLC1 Rho-GAP activity, suggesting that Ras-GAP is a negative regulator of DLC1 Rho-GAP activity. Consistent with this possibility, we found that ectopic overexpression of Ras-GAP in a Ras-GAP-insensitive tumor line impaired the growth-suppressing activity of DLC1 and increased RhoA activity in vivo. Our observations expand the complexity of proteins that regulate DLC1 function and define a novel mechanism of the cross talk between Ras and Rho GTPases.1R01CA129610
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Pamonsinlapatham P, Hadj-Slimane R, Lepelletier Y, Allain B, Toccafondi M, Garbay C, Raynaud F. p120-Ras GTPase activating protein (RasGAP): a multi-interacting protein in downstream signaling. Biochimie 2008; 91:320-8. [PMID: 19022332 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2008.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
p120-RasGAP (Ras GTPase activating protein) plays a key role in the regulation of Ras-GTP bound by promoting GTP hydrolysis via its C-terminal catalytic domain. The p120-RasGAP N-terminal part contains two SH2, SH3, PH (pleckstrin homology) and CaLB/C2 (calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding domain) domains. These protein domains allow various functions, such as anti-/pro-apoptosis, proliferation and also cell migration depending of their distinct partners. The p120-RasGAP domain participates in protein-protein interactions with Akt, Aurora or RhoGAP to regulate functions described bellow. Here, we summarize, in angiogenesis and cancer, the various functional roles played by p120-RasGAP domains and their effector partners in downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perayot Pamonsinlapatham
- Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale, Laboratoire de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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