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Leite JP, Costa-Rodrigues D, Gales L. Inhibitors of Transthyretin Amyloidosis: How to Rank Drug Candidates Using X-ray Crystallography Data. Molecules 2024; 29:895. [PMID: 38398647 PMCID: PMC10893244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloidosis is a group of protein misfolding diseases, which include spongiform encephalopathies, Alzheimer's disease and transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis; all of them are characterized by extracellular deposits of an insoluble fibrillar protein. TTR amyloidosis is a highly debilitating and life-threatening disease. Patients carry less stable TTR homotetramers that are prone to dissociation into non-native monomers, which in turn rapidly self-assemble into oligomers and, ultimately, amyloid fibrils. Liver transplantation to induce the production of wild-type TTR was the only therapeutic strategy until recently. A promising approach to ameliorate transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis is based on the so-called TTR kinetic stabilizers. More than 1000 TTR stabilizers have already been tested by many research groups, but the diversity of experimental techniques and conditions used hampers an objective prioritization of the compounds. One of the most reliable and unambiguous techniques applied to determine the structures of the TTR/drug complexes is X-ray diffraction. Most of the potential inhibitors bind in the TTR channel and the crystal structures reveal the atomic details of the interaction between the protein and the compound. Here we suggest that the stabilization effect is associated with a compaction of the quaternary structure of the protein and propose a scoring function to rank drugs based on X-ray crystallography data.
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Affiliation(s)
- José P. Leite
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo Costa-Rodrigues
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís Gales
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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2
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Joshi SM, Wilson TC, Li Z, Preshlock S, Gómez-Vallejo V, Gouverneur V, Llop J, Arsequell G. Synthesis and PET Imaging Biodistribution Studies of Radiolabeled Iododiflunisal, a Transthyretin Tetramer Stabilizer, Candidate Drug for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:488. [PMID: 38257401 PMCID: PMC10818730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The small-molecule iododiflunisal (IDIF) is a transthyretin (TTR) tetramer stabilizer and acts as a chaperone of the TTR-Amyloid beta interaction. Oral administration of IDIF improves Alzheimer's Disease (AD)-like pathology in mice, although the mechanism of action and pharmacokinetics remain unknown. Radiolabeling IDIF with positron or gamma emitters may aid in the in vivo evaluation of IDIF using non-invasive nuclear imaging techniques. In this work, we report an isotopic exchange reaction to obtain IDIF radiolabeled with 18F. [19F/18F]exchange reaction over IDIF in dimethyl sulfoxide at 160 °C resulted in the formation of [18F]IDIF in 7 ± 3% radiochemical yield in a 20 min reaction time, with a final radiochemical purity of >99%. Biodistribution studies after intravenous administration of [18F]IDIF in wild-type mice using positron emission tomography (PET) imaging showed capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier (ca. 1% of injected dose per gram of tissue in the brain at t > 10 min post administration), rapid accumulation in the liver, long circulation time, and progressive elimination via urine. Our results open opportunities for future studies in larger animal species or human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer M. Joshi
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (S.M.J.); (V.G.-V.)
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Thomas C. Wilson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (T.C.W.); (V.G.)
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Sean Preshlock
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (T.C.W.); (V.G.)
| | - Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (S.M.J.); (V.G.-V.)
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; (T.C.W.); (V.G.)
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramón 182, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; (S.M.J.); (V.G.-V.)
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Omega-3 PUFAs as a Dietary Supplement in Senile Systemic Amyloidosis. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030749. [PMID: 36771455 PMCID: PMC9921273 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6), two omega-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are the main components in oil derived from fish and other marine organisms. EPA and DHA are commercially available as dietary supplements and are considered to be very safe and contribute to guaranteeing human health. Studies report that PUFAs have a role in contrasting neurodegenerative processes related to amyloidogenic proteins, such as β-amyloid for AD, α-synuclein in PD, and transthyretin (TTR) in TTR amyloidosis. In this context, we investigated if EPA and DHA can interact directly with TTR, binding inside the thyroxin-binding pockets (T4BP) that contribute to the tetramer stabilization. The data obtained showed that EPA and DHA can contribute to stabilizing the TTR tetramer through interactions with T4BP.
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4
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Cotrina EY, Oliveira Â, Llop J, Quintana J, Biarnés X, Cardoso I, Díaz-Cruz MS, Arsequell G. Binding of common organic UV-filters to the thyroid hormone transport protein transthyretin using in vitro and in silico studies: Potential implications in health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114836. [PMID: 36400222 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Several anthropogenic contaminants have been identified as competing with the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) for binding to transport proteins as transthyretin (TTR). This binding can potentially create toxicity mechanisms posing a threat to human health. Many organic UV filters (UVFs) and paraben preservatives (PBs), widely used in personal care products, are chemicals of emerging concern due to their adverse effects as potential thyroid-disrupting compounds. Recently, organic UVFs have been found in paired maternal and fetal samples and PBs have been detected in placenta, which opens the possibility of the involvement of TTR in the transfer of these chemicals across physiological barriers. We aimed to investigate a discrete set of organic UVFs and PBs to identify novel TTR binders. The binding affinities of target UVFs towards TTR were evaluated using in vitro T4 competitive binding assays. The ligand-TTR affinities were determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and compared with known TTR ligands. In parallel, computational studies were used to predict the 3-D structures of the binding modes of these chemicals to TTR. Some organic UVFs, compounds 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxybenzophenone (BP2, Kd = 0.43 μM); 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP1, Kd = 0.60 μM); 4,4'-dihydroxybenzophenone (4DHB, Kd = 0.83 μM), and 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4HB, Kd = 0.93 μM), were found to display a high affinity to TTR, being BP2 the strongest TTR binder (ΔH = -14.93 Kcal/mol). Finally, a correlation was found between the experimental ITC data and the TTR-ligand docking scores obtained by computational studies. The approach integrating in vitro assays and in silico methods constituted a useful tool to find TTR binders among common organic UVFs. Further studies on the involvement of the transporter protein TTR in assisting the transplacental transfer of these chemicals across physiological barriers and the long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to them should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y Cotrina
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (IQAC-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ângela Oliveira
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC BiomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF-IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xevi Biarnés
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- Molecular Neurobiology Group, I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013, Porto, Portugal.
| | - M Silvia Díaz-Cruz
- ENFOCHEM Group. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA) Excellence Center Severo Ochoa, Spanish Council of Scientific Research (CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (IQAC), Spanish Council of Scientific Research (IQAC-CSIC), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Mizuguchi M, Nakagawa Y, Inui K, Katayama W, Sawai Y, Shimane A, Kitakami R, Okada T, Nabeshima Y, Yokoyama T, Kanamitsu K, Nakagawa S, Toyooka N. Chlorinated Naringenin Analogues as Potential Inhibitors of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16218-16233. [PMID: 36472374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Misfolding and aggregation of transthyretin are implicated in the fatal systemic disease known as transthyretin amyloidosis. Here, we report the development of a naringenin derivative bearing two chlorine atoms that will be efficacious for preventing aggregation of transthyretin in the eye. The amyloid inhibitory activity of the naringenin derivative was as strong as that of tafamidis, which is the first therapeutic agent targeting transthyretin in the plasma. X-ray crystal structures of the compounds in complex with transthyretin demonstrated that the naringenin derivative with one chlorine bound to the thyroxine-binding site of transthyretin in the forward mode and that the derivative with two chlorines bound to it in the reverse mode. An ex vivo competitive binding assay showed that naringenin derivatives exhibited more potent binding than tafamidis in the plasma. Furthermore, an in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated that the dichlorinated derivative was significantly delivered to the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineyuki Mizuguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kishin Inui
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Wakana Katayama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Yurika Sawai
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ayaka Shimane
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Ryota Kitakami
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takuya Okada
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yuko Nabeshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0914, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanamitsu
- Drug Discovery Initiative, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Toyooka
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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6
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Barbas R, Font-Bardia M, Ballesteros A, Arsequell G, Prohens R, Frontera A. Static discrete disorder in the crystal structure of iododiflunisal: on the importance of hydrogen bond, halogen bond and π-stacking interactions. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00202g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report a combined computational/crystallographic analysis focused on the static discrete disorder shown by the drug iododiflunisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Barbas
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Unitat de Difracció de Raigs X, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto de Química Organometálica “Enrique Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Departament de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Crta. de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma, Spain
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7
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Cotrina EY, Santos LM, Rivas J, Blasi D, Leite JP, Liz MA, Busquets MA, Planas A, Prohens R, Gimeno A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Gales L, Llop J, Quintana J, Cardoso I, Arsequell G. Targeting transthyretin in Alzheimer's disease: Drug discovery of small-molecule chaperones as disease-modifying drug candidates for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113847. [PMID: 34555615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) has a well-established role in neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We have setup a drug discovery program of small-molecule compounds that act as chaperones enhancing TTR/Amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) interactions. A combination of computational drug repurposing approaches and in vitro biological assays have resulted in a set of molecules which were then screened with our in-house validated high-throughput screening ternary test. A prioritized list of chaperones was obtained and corroborated with ITC studies. Small-molecule chaperones have been discovered, among them our lead compound Iododiflunisal (IDIF), a molecule in the discovery phase; one investigational drug (luteolin); and 3 marketed drugs (sulindac, olsalazine and flufenamic), which could be directly repurposed or repositioned for clinical use. Not all TTR tetramer stabilizers behave as chaperones in vitro. These chemically diverse chaperones will be used for validating TTR as a target in vivo, and to select one repurposed drug as a candidate to enter clinical trials as AD disease-modifying drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y Cotrina
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Santos
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Josep Rivas
- Plataforma Drug Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Blasi
- Plataforma Drug Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Pedro Leite
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), PT-4050-013, Porto, Portugal
| | - Márcia A Liz
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Antònia Busquets
- Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, University of Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Planas
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, E-08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Centres Científics i Tecnologics, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, E-48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, E-48160, Derio, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, E-48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luis Gales
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), PT-4050-013, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E-20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Plataforma Drug Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), E-08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, PT-4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), PT-4050-013, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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The discovery and development of transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors: what are the lessons? Future Med Chem 2021; 13:2083-2105. [PMID: 34633220 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human amyloid diseases. Various kinetic stabilizers have been developed to inhibit the dissociation of TTR tetramer and the formation of amyloid fibrils. Most of them are bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans. In this review article, we focus on TTR tetramer stabilizers, genetic therapeutic approaches and fibril remodelers. The binding modes of typical bisaryl derivatives, natural flavonoids, crown ethers and carborans are discussed. Based on knowledge of the binding of thyroxine to TTR tetramer, many stabilizers have been screened to dock into the thyroxine binding sites, leading to TTR tetramer stabilization. Particularly, those stabilizers with unique binding profiles have shown great potential in developing the therapeutic management of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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9
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Cotrina EY, Gimeno A, Llop J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Quintana J, Prohens R, Cardoso I, Arsequell G. An Assay for Screening Potential Drug Candidates for Alzheimer's Disease That Act as Chaperones of the Transthyretin and Amyloid-β Peptides Interaction. Chemistry 2020; 26:17462-17469. [PMID: 32761825 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The protein transthyretin (TTR) modulates amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides deposition and processing and this physiological effect is further enhanced by treatment with iododiflunisal (IDIF), a small-molecule compound (SMC) with TTR tetramer stabilization properties, which behaves as chaperone of the complex. This knowledge has prompted us to design and optimize a rapid and simple high-throughput assay that relies on the ability of test compounds to form ternary soluble complexes TTR/Aβ/SMC that prevent Aβ aggregation. The method uses the shorter Aβ(12-28) sequence which is cheaper and simpler to use while retaining the aggregation properties of their parents Aβ(1-40) and Aβ(1-42). The test is carried out in 96-plate wells that are UV monitored for turbidity during 6 h. Given its reproducibility, we propose that this test can be a powerful tool for efficient screening of SMCs that act as chaperones of the TTR/Aβ interaction that may led to potential AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y Cotrina
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque-Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940, Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF-IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Científics i Tecnologics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Cotrina EY, Vilà M, Nieto J, Arsequell G, Planas A. Preparative Scale Production of Recombinant Human Transthyretin for Biophysical Studies of Protein-Ligand and Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249640. [PMID: 33348885 PMCID: PMC7766448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human transthyretin (hTTR), a serum protein with a main role in transporting thyroid hormones and retinol through binding to the retinol-binding protein, is an amyloidogenic protein involved in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system selective amyloidosis. hTTR also has a neuroprotective role in Alzheimer disease, being the major Aβ binding protein in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that prevents amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation with consequent abrogation of toxicity. Here we report an optimized preparative expression and purification protocol of hTTR (wt and amyloidogenic mutants) for in vitro screening assays of TTR ligands acting as amyloidogenesis inhibitors or acting as molecular chaperones to enhance the TTR:Aβ interaction. Preparative yields were up to 660 mg of homogenous protein per L of culture in fed-batch bioreactor. The recombinant wt protein is mainly unmodified at Cys10, the single cysteine in the protein sequence, whereas the highly amyloidogenic Y78F variant renders mainly the S-glutathionated form, which has essentially the same amyloidogenic behavior than the reduced protein with free Cys10. The TTR production protocol has shown inter-batch reproducibility of expression and protein quality for in vitro screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marta Vilà
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
| | - Joan Nieto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08017 Barcelona, Spain; (E.Y.C.); (M.V.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cotrina EY, Blasi D, Vilà M, Planas A, Abad-Zapatero C, Centeno NB, Quintana J, Arsequell G. Optimization of kinetic stabilizers of tetrameric transthyretin: A prospective ligand efficiency-guided approach. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115794. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Cotrina EY, Oliveira Â, Leite JP, Llop J, Gales L, Quintana J, Cardoso I, Arsequell G. Repurposing Benzbromarone for Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy: A New Transthyretin Tetramer Stabilizer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7166. [PMID: 32998442 PMCID: PMC7583827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein involved in human amyloidosis, including familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). Discovering small-molecule stabilizers of the TTR tetramer is a therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Tafamidis, the only approved drug for FAP treatment, is not effective for all patients. Herein, we discovered that benzbromarone (BBM), a uricosuric drug, is an effective TTR stabilizer and inhibitor against TTR amyloid fibril formation. BBM rendered TTR more resistant to urea denaturation, similarly to iododiflunisal (IDIF), a very potent TTR stabilizer. BBM competes with thyroxine for binding in the TTR central channel, with an IC50 similar to IDIF and tafamidis. Results obtained by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) demonstrated that BBM binds TTR with an affinity similar to IDIF, tolcapone and tafamidis, confirming BBM as a potent binder of TTR. The crystal structure of the BBM-TTR complex shows two molecules binding deeply in the thyroxine binding channel, forming strong intermonomer hydrogen bonds and increasing the stability of the TTR tetramer. Finally, kinetic analysis of the ability of BBM to inhibit TTR fibrillogenesis at acidic pH and comparison with other stabilizers revealed that benzbromarone is a potent inhibitor of TTR amyloidogenesis, adding a new interesting scaffold for drug design of TTR stabilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ângela Oliveira
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Leite
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain;
| | - Luis Gales
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF-IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (Â.O.); (J.P.L.); (L.G.)
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), 4050-013 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
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13
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Rational Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Iodinated 4,4'-Bipyridines as New Transthyretin Fibrillogenesis Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092213. [PMID: 32397334 PMCID: PMC7248964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridine structure is proposed as a novel chemical scaffold for the design of new transthyretin (TTR) fibrillogenesis inhibitors. In the frame of a proof-of-principle exploration, four chiral 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2-iodo-2'-substituted-4,4'- bipyridines were rationally designed and prepared from a simple trihalopyridine in three steps, including a Cu-catalysed Finkelstein reaction to introduce iodine atoms on the heteroaromatic scaffold, and a Pd-catalysed coupling reaction to install the 2'-substituent. The corresponding racemates, along with other five chiral 4,4'-bipyridines containing halogens as substituents, were enantioseparated by high-performance liquid chromatography in order to obtain pure enantiomer pairs. All stereoisomers were tested against the amyloid fibril formation (FF) of wild type (WT)-TTR and two mutant variants, V30M and Y78F, in acid mediated aggregation experiments. Among the 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives, interesting inhibition activity was obtained for both enantiomers of the 3,3',5,5'-tetrachloro-2'-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-iodo-4,4'-bipyridine. In silico docking studies were carried out in order to explore possible binding modes of the 4,4'-bipyridine derivatives into the TTR. The gained results point out the importance of the right combination of H-bond sites and the presence of iodine as halogen-bond donor. Both experimental and theoretical evidences pave the way for the utilization of the iodinated 4,4'-bipyridine core as template to design new promising inhibitors of TTR amyloidogenesis.
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14
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Cotrina EY, Gimeno A, Llop J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Quintana J, Valencia G, Cardoso I, Prohens R, Arsequell G. Calorimetric Studies of Binary and Ternary Molecular Interactions between Transthyretin, Aβ Peptides, and Small-Molecule Chaperones toward an Alternative Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease Drug Discovery. J Med Chem 2020; 63:3205-3214. [PMID: 32124607 PMCID: PMC7115756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Transthyretin
(TTR) modulates the deposition, processing, and toxicity
of Abeta (Aβ) peptides. We have shown that this effect is enhanced
in mice by treatment with small molecules such as iododiflunisal (IDIF, 4), a good TTR stabilizer. Here, we describe the thermodynamics
of the formation of binary and ternary complexes among TTR, Aβ(1–42)
peptide, and TTR stabilizers using isothermal titration calorimetry
(ITC). A TTR/Aβ(1–42) (1:1)
complex with a dissociation constant of Kd = 0.94 μM is formed; with IDIF
(4), this constant improves up to Kd = 0.32 μM, indicating
the presence of a ternary complex TTR/IDIF/Aβ(1–42).
However, with the drugs diflunisal (1) or Tafamidis (2), an analogous chaperoning effect could not be observed.
Similar phenomena could be recorded with the shorter peptide Aβ(12–28)
(7). We propose the design of a simple assay system for
the search of other chaperones that behave like IDIF and may become
potential candidate drugs for Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y Cotrina
- Institut de Quı́mica Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF-IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Institut de Quı́mica Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rafel Prohens
- Unitat de Polimorfisme i Calorimetria, Centres Cientı́fics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Quı́mica Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Guo X, Liu Z, Zheng Y, Li Y, Li L, Liu H, Chen Z, Wu L. Review on the Structures and Activities of Transthyretin Amyloidogenesis Inhibitors. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1057-1081. [PMID: 32210536 PMCID: PMC7071892 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s237252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein, and its dissociation, aggregation, deposition, and misfolding are linked to several human amyloid diseases. As the main transporter for thyroxine (T4) in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, TTR contains two T4-binding sites, which are docked with T4 and subsequently maintain the structural stability of TTR homotetramer. Affected by genetic disorders and detrimental environmental factors, TTR degrades to monomer and/or form amyloid fibrils. Reasonably, stabilization of TTR might be an efficient strategy for the treatment of TTR-related amyloidosis. However, only 10-25% of T4 in the plasma is bound to TTR under physiological conditions. Expectedly, T4 analogs with different structures aiming to bind to T4 pockets may displace the functions of T4. So far, a number of compounds including both natural and synthetic origin have been reported. In this paper, we summarized the potent inhibitors, including bisaryl structure-based compounds, flavonoids, crown ethers, and carboranes, for treating TTR-related amyloid diseases and the combination modes of some compounds binding to TTR protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yizhou Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Longhuo Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China
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16
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Rios X, Gómez-Vallejo V, Martín A, Cossío U, Morcillo MÁ, Alemi M, Cardoso I, Quintana J, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cotrina EY, Valencia G, Arsequell G, Llop J. Radiochemical examination of transthyretin (TTR) brain penetration assisted by iododiflunisal, a TTR tetramer stabilizer and a new candidate drug for AD. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13672. [PMID: 31541162 PMCID: PMC6754432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well settled that the amyloidogenic properties of the plasma protein transporter transthyretin (TTR) can be modulated by compounds that stabilize its native tetrameric conformation. TTR is also present in cerebrospinal fluid where it can bind to Aβ-peptides and prevent Aβ aggregation. We have previously shown that treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) model mice with iododiflunisal (IDIF), a TTR tetramer stabilizing compound, prevents AD pathologies. This evidence positioned IDIF as a new lead drug for AD. In dissecting the mechanism of action of IDIF, we disclose here different labeling strategies for the preparation of 131I-labeled IDIF and 131I- and 124I-labeled TTR, which have been further used for the preparation of IDIF-TTR complexes labeled either on the compound or the protein. The biodistribution of all labeled species after intravenous administration has been investigated in mice using ex vivo and in vivo techniques. Our results confirm the capacity of TTR to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and suggest that the formation of TTR-IDIF complexes enhances BBB permeability of both IDIF and TTR. The increased TTR and IDIF brain concentrations may result in higher Aβ-peptide sequestration capacity with the subsequent inhibition of AD symptoms as we have previously observed in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Rios
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, 20014, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Vanessa Gómez-Vallejo
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, 20014, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Abraham Martín
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Unai Cossío
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, 20014, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Biomedical Applications of Radioisotopes and Pharmacokinetics Unit, CIEMAT, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mobina Alemi
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Plataforma Drug Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Díaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.,CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Ellen Y Cotrina
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, 20014, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Tegsedi (Inotersen): An Antisense Oligonucleotide Approved for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020078. [PMID: 31117178 PMCID: PMC6631675 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tegsedi (Inotersen) is a chemically modified antisense oligonucleotide that inhibits the hepatic production of transthyretin (TTR). Several single-point mutations in TTR destabilize its structure, leading to the aggregation and accumulation of amyloid deposits in the nervous system, heart, kidneys and eyes. In July 2018, Tegsedi was approved by the European Commission for use in adults with stage one and two polyneuropathies. Later on, in October 2018, the FDA and Health Canada also approved its use for the treatment of the polyneuropathy of hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis (hATTR) in adults in the U.S. and Canada. Tegsedi was developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals, the company that holds the global marketing license, together with its subsidiary Akcea Therapeutics.
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18
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Bollenbach M, Salvat E, Daubeuf F, Wagner P, Yalcin I, Humo M, Letellier B, Becker LJ, Bihel F, Bourguignon JJ, Villa P, Obrecht A, Frossard N, Barrot M, Schmitt M. Phenylpyridine-2-ylguanidines and rigid mimetics as novel inhibitors of TNFα overproduction: Beneficial action in models of neuropathic pain and of acute lung inflammation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:163-182. [PMID: 29432948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
4-phenylpyridin-2-yl-guanidine (5b): a new inhibitor of the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and Il1β) was identified from a high-throughput screening of a chemical library on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after LPS stimulation. Derivatives, homologues and rigid mimetics of 5b were designed and synthesized, and their cytotoxicity and ability to inhibit TNFα overproduction were evaluated. Among them, compound 5b and its mimetic 12 (2-aminodihydroquinazoline) showed similar inhibitory activities, and were evaluated in vivo in models of lung inflammation and neuropathic pain in mice. In particular, compound 12 proved to be active (5 mg/kg, ip) in both models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Bollenbach
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7200 Laboratoire d' Innovation Thérapeutique, 67401 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Salvat
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - François Daubeuf
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7200 Laboratoire d' Innovation Thérapeutique, 67401 Illkirch, France; CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMS3286 PCBIS Plateforme de chimie biologique intégrative, 67400 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Wagner
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7200 Laboratoire d' Innovation Thérapeutique, 67401 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Muris Humo
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Baptiste Letellier
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Léa J Becker
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Frédéric Bihel
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7200 Laboratoire d' Innovation Thérapeutique, 67401 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Bourguignon
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7200 Laboratoire d' Innovation Thérapeutique, 67401 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Villa
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMS3286 PCBIS Plateforme de chimie biologique intégrative, 67400 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Adeline Obrecht
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMS3286 PCBIS Plateforme de chimie biologique intégrative, 67400 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Nelly Frossard
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7200 Laboratoire d' Innovation Thérapeutique, 67401 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Michel Barrot
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Martine Schmitt
- CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, UMR7200 Laboratoire d' Innovation Thérapeutique, 67401 Illkirch, France; Labex MEDALIS, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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19
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Gimeno A, Santos LM, Alemi M, Rivas J, Blasi D, Cotrina EY, Llop J, Valencia G, Cardoso I, Quintana J, Arsequell G, Jiménez-Barbero J. Insights on the Interaction between Transthyretin and Aβ in Solution. A Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR Analysis of the Role of Iododiflunisal. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5749-5758. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
| | - Luis M. Santos
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mobina Alemi
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade
de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Josep Rivas
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Blasi
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry
and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo Miramon 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Cardoso
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Campo Alegre 823, 4150 Porto, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto
de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Institut de Química
Avançada de Catalunya (I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C.), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology
Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Departament
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
- Plataforma
Drug
Discovery, Parc Científic de Barcelona (PCB), Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Iakovleva I, Begum A, Brännström K, Wijsekera A, Nilsson L, Zhang J, Andersson PL, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Tetrabromobisphenol A Is an Efficient Stabilizer of the Transthyretin Tetramer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153529. [PMID: 27093678 PMCID: PMC4836675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation of the human plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) is associated with several human disorders, including familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) and senile systemic amyloidosis. Dissociation of TTR's native tetrameric assembly is the rate-limiting step in the conversion into amyloid, and this feature presents an avenue for intervention because binding of an appropriate ligand to the thyroxin hormone binding sites of TTR stabilizes the native tetrameric assembly and impairs conversion into amyloid. The desired features for an effective TTR stabilizer include high affinity for TTR, high selectivity in the presence of other proteins, no adverse side effects at the effective concentrations, and a long half-life in the body. In this study we show that the commonly used flame retardant tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) efficiently stabilizes the tetrameric structure of TTR. The X-ray crystal structure shows TBBPA binding in the thyroxine binding pocket with bromines occupying two of the three halogen binding sites. Interestingly, TBBPA binds TTR with an extremely high selectivity in human plasma, and the effect is equal to the recently approved drug tafamidis and better than diflunisal, both of which have shown therapeutic effects against FAP. TBBPA consequently present an interesting scaffold for drug design. Its absorption, metabolism, and potential side-effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Alexandra Wijsekera
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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21
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Nilsson L, Larsson A, Begum A, Iakovleva I, Carlsson M, Brännström K, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Modifications of the 7-Hydroxyl Group of the Transthyretin Ligand Luteolin Provide Mechanistic Insights into Its Binding Properties and High Plasma Specificity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153112. [PMID: 27050398 PMCID: PMC4822800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation of the plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) has been linked to familial amyloid polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis. Binding of ligands within its natural hormone binding site can stabilize the tetrameric structure and impair amyloid formation. We have recently shown that the flavonoid luteolin stabilizes TTR in human plasma with a very high selectivity. Luteolin, however, is inactivated in vivo via glucuronidation for which the preferred site is the hydroxy group at position 7 on its aromatic A-ring. We have evaluated the properties of two luteolin variants in which the 7-hydroxy group has been exchanged for a chlorine (7-Cl-Lut) or a methoxy group (7-MeO-Lut). Using an in vitro model, based on human liver microsomes, we verified that these modifications increase the persistence of the drug. Crystal structure determinations show that 7-Cl-Lut binds similarly to luteolin. The larger MeO substituent cannot be accommodated within the same space as the chlorine or hydroxy group and as a result 7-MeO-Lut binds in the opposite direction with the methoxy group in position 7 facing the solvent. Both 7-Cl-Lut and 7-MeO-Lut qualify as high-affinity binders, but in contrast to luteolin, they display a highly non-specific binding to other plasma components. The binding of the two conformations and the key-interactions to TTR are discussed in detail. Taken together, these results show a proof-of-concept that the persistence of luteolin towards enzymatic modification can be increased. We reveal two alternative high-affinity binding modes of luteolin to TTR and that modification in position 7 is restricted only to small substituents if the original orientation of luteolin should be preserved. In addition, the present work provides a general and convenient method to evaluate the efficacy of TTR-stabilizing drugs under conditions similar to an in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Larsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- Swedish Defence Research Agency, CBRN Defence and Security, SE-906 21, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcus Carlsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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22
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Rahman A, Hoque MM, Khan MAK, Sarwar MG, Halim MA. Non-covalent interactions involving halogenated derivatives of capecitabine and thymidylate synthase: a computational approach. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:146. [PMID: 27026843 PMCID: PMC4764604 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Capecitabine, a fluoropyrimidine prodrug, has been a frequently chosen ligand for the last one and half decades to inhibit thymidylate synthase (TYMS) for treatment of colorectal cancer. TYMS is a key enzyme for de novo synthesis of deoxythymidine monophosphate and subsequent synthesis of DNA. Recent years have also seen the trait of modifying ligands using halogens and trifluoromethyl (–CF3) group to ensure enhanced drug performance. In this study, in silico modification of capecitabine with Cl, Br, I atoms and –CF3 group has been performed. Density functional theory has been employed to optimize the drug molecules and elucidate their thermodynamic and electrical properties such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, electronic energy, dipole moment and frontier orbital features (HOMO–LUMO gap, hardness and softness). Flexible and rigid molecular docking have been implemented between drugs and the receptor TYMS. Both inter- and intra-molecular non-covalent interactions involving the amino acid residues of TYMS and the drug molecules are explored in details. The drugs were superimposed on the resolved crystal structure (at 1.9 Å) of ZD1694/dUMP/TYMS system to shed light on similarity of the binding of capecitabine, and its modifiers, to that of ZD1694. Together, these results may provide more insights prior to synthesizing halogen-directed derivatives of capecitabine for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhip Rahman
- Bangladesh Institute of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, 38 Green Road West, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh ; Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mazharol Hoque
- Bangladesh Institute of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, 38 Green Road West, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A K Khan
- Department of General Studies, Jubail University College, Jubail Industrial City, 31961 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed G Sarwar
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, MB26, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Mohammad A Halim
- Bangladesh Institute of Computational Chemistry and Biochemistry, 38 Green Road West, Dhaka, 1205 Bangladesh ; Institut Lumière Matière, Université Lyon 1 - CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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23
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Iakovleva I, Brännström K, Nilsson L, Gharibyan AL, Begum A, Anan I, Walfridsson M, Sauer-Eriksson AE, Olofsson A. Enthalpic Forces Correlate with the Selectivity of Transthyretin-Stabilizing Ligands in Human Plasma. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26214366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The plasma protein transthyretin (TTR) is linked to human amyloidosis. Dissociation of its native tetrameric assembly is a rate-limiting step in the conversion from a native structure into a pathological amyloidogenic fold. Binding of small molecule ligands within the thyroxine binding site of TTR can stabilize the tetrameric integrity and is a potential therapeutic approach. However, through the characterization of nine different tetramer-stabilizing ligands we found that unspecific binding to plasma components might significantly compromise ligand efficacy. Surprisingly the binding strength between a particular ligand and TTR does not correlate well with its selectivity in plasma. However, through analysis of the thermodynamic signature using isothermal titration calorimetry we discovered a better correlation between selectivity and the enthalpic component of the interaction. This is of specific interest in the quest for more efficient TTR stabilizers, but a high selectivity is an almost universally desired feature within drug design and the finding might have wide-ranging implications for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Iakovleva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Brännström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lina Nilsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna L Gharibyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neurosciences, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Afshan Begum
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Intissar Anan
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Walfridsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University , 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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24
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Vilaró M, Nieto J, La Parra JR, Almeida MR, Ballesteros A, Planas A, Arsequell G, Valencia G. Tuning transthyretin amyloidosis inhibition properties of iododiflunisal by combinatorial engineering of the nonsalicylic ring substitutions. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2015; 17:32-8. [PMID: 25394203 DOI: 10.1021/co5001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of iododiflunisal and diflunisal analogues have been obtained by using a two step sequential reaction solution-phase parallel synthesis. The synthesis combined an aqueous Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling and a mild electrophilic aromatic iodination step using a new polymer-supported iodonium version of Barluenga's reagent. From a selected set of 77 noniodinated and 77 iodinated diflunisal analogues, a subset of good transthyretin amyloid inhibitors has been obtained with improved turbidimetry inhibition constants, high binding affinity to transthyretin, and good selectivity for TTR compared to other thyroxine binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vilaró
- Unit
of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C., 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Nieto
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón La Parra
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Rosário Almeida
- IBMC-Instituto
de Biologia Molecular e Celular and ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências
Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Instituto
Universitario de Química Organometálica “Enrique
Moles”, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory
of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, 08022 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Unit
of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C., 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Unit
of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, I.Q.A.C.-C.S.I.C., 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Obici L, Merlini G. An overview of drugs currently under investigation for the treatment of transthyretin-related hereditary amyloidosis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2014; 23:1239-51. [PMID: 25003808 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2014.922541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transthyretin (TTR)-related hereditary amyloidosis is an adult-onset, dominantly inherited, systemic neurodegenerative disease endemic in some populations. Stabilization of the native structure of TTR by small-molecule ligands has recently proved effective in slowing neurological progression. Two drugs, tafamidis and diflunisal, are now available for most patients, particularly in the early stage of the disease. However, this disorder remains life threatening with several unmet needs. There are great expectations for a number of novel agents undergoing investigation. AREAS COVERED The authors review the current investigational drugs for the treatment of TTR amyloidosis according to the different steps of the fibrillogenesis process they target. Innovative approaches include suppression of TTR secretion, prevention of TTR misfolding by stronger stabilizers identified through structure-based design and high-throughput screening methodologies as well as the redirection of pathogenic aggregates toward nontoxic species and reabsorption of deposits through amyloid disrupters and immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Suppression of TTR synthesis by antisense oligonucleotides and small-interfering RNA is presently one of the most promising therapeutic approaches. However, well-designed clinical trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy compared with liver transplantation, tafamidis and diflunisal. With a longer time frame, it may be possible to develop combination therapies that target multiple steps of the aggregation process that could provide the best long-life effective treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Obici
- Amyloidosis Research and Treatment Center, IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo , Viale Golgi, 19, 27100 Pavia , Italy
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26
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Cotrina EY, Pinto M, Bosch L, Vilà M, Blasi D, Quintana J, Centeno NB, Arsequell G, Planas A, Valencia G. Modulation of the Fibrillogenesis Inhibition Properties of Two Transthyretin Ligands by Halogenation. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9110-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm401061w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Y. Cotrina
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Pinto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Bosch
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vilà
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Blasi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Quintana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria B. Centeno
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arsequell
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregorio Valencia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Bioengineering
Department, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, ‡Pharmacoinformatics Group, Research
Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), Department of Experimental
and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute)-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, §Institut de Química Avançada de Catalunya
(IQAC−CSIC), ⊥Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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27
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Zhou ZL, Liu HL, Wu JW, Tsao CW, Chen WH, Liu KT, Ho Y. Computer-aided Discovery of Potential Inhibitors for Transthyretin-related Amyloidosis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201300172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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28
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Hornstrup LS, Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG, Tybjærg-Hansen A. Genetic Stabilization of Transthyretin, Cerebrovascular Disease, and Life Expectancy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1441-7. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective—
Transthyretin can cause amyloidosis attributable to destabilization of transthyretin tetramers in plasma. We tested the hypothesis that genetic stabilization of transthyretin associates with reduced risk of vascular disease and increased life expectancy.
Approach and Results—
We included 68 602 participants from 2 prospective studies of the general population. We genotyped for 2 stabilizing genetic variants in the transthyretin gene (
TTR
), R104H and T119M, and determined the association of genotypes with plasma levels of transthyretin, measures of thyroid function, risk of vascular disease, and life expectancy. During a mean follow-up of 32 years, 10 636 participants developed vascular disease. We identified 321 heterozygotes for T119M (frequency, 0.47%); R104H was not detected. First, mean plasma transthyretin and thyroxine levels were increased by 17% (26 µg/mL) and 20% (19 nmol/L), respectively, in heterozygotes versus noncarriers (
P
=0.007 and
P
<0.0001), demonstrating functionality of this variant in the general population. Second, corresponding hazard ratios were 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.51–0.97) for all vascular diseases, 0.85 (0.59–1.23) for cardiovascular disease, 0.45 (0.25–0.81) for cerebrovascular disease, 0.47 (0.25–0.88) for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and 0.31 (0.04–2.22) for hemorrhagic stroke. The cumulative incidence of cerebrovascular disease as a function of age was decreased in heterozygotes versus noncarriers (
P
=0.005). Third, median age at death from all causes, from vascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and after diagnosis of vascular disease, and median age at diagnosis of vascular disease, was increased by 5 to 10 years in heterozygotes versus noncarriers (
P
=0.002–0.05).
Conclusions—
These results are compatible with an association between genetic stabilization of transthyretin and decreased risk of cerebrovascular disease, and with increased life expectancy in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise S. Hornstrup
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.); The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark (B.G.N., A.T.-H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.), and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.H.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and all Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.); The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark (B.G.N., A.T.-H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.), and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.H.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and all Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.); The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark (B.G.N., A.T.-H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.), and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.H.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and all Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F.-S., A.T.-H.); The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark (B.G.N., A.T.-H.); Department of Clinical Biochemistry (B.G.N.), and The Copenhagen General Population Study (R.F.-S., B.G.N., A.T.H.), Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; and all Copenhagen University Hospitals and Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (L.S.H., R.F
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29
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3D-QSAR and docking studies on 2-arylbenzoxazole and linker-Y transthyretin amyloidogenesis inhibitors. Sci China Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-013-4894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Inhibition of human transthyretin aggregation by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds: a structural and thermodynamic analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:5284-311. [PMID: 23466880 PMCID: PMC3634512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14035284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein that circulates in plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) whose aggregation into amyloid fibrils has been associated with at least two different amyloid diseases: senile systemic amyloidosis (SSA) and familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP). In SSA aggregates are composed of WT-TTR, while in FAP more than 100 already-described variants have been found in deposits. Until now, TTR-related diseases have been untreatable, although a new drug called Tafamidis has been approved only in Europe to specifically treat V30M patients. Thus, new strategies are still necessary to treat FAP caused by other variants of TTR. TTR has two channels in the dimer interface that bind to the hormone thyroxin and that have been used to accommodate anti-amyloidogenic compounds. These compounds stabilize the tetramers, rendering TTR less amyloidogenic. Here, we investigated the effects of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compounds—sulindac (SUL), indomethacin (IND) and lumiracoxib (LUM)—as tetramer stabilizers and aggregation inhibitors. WT-TTR and the very aggressive TTR variant L55P were used as models. These compounds were able to stabilize TTR against high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), increasing the ΔGf by several kcal. They were also effective in inhibiting WT-TTR and L55P acid- or HHP-induced aggregation; in particular, LUM and IND were very effective, inhibiting almost 100% of the aggregation of both proteins under certain conditions. The species formed when aggregation was performed in the presence of these compounds were much less toxic to cells in culture. The crystal structures of WT-TTR bound to the three compounds were solved at high resolution, allowing the identification of the relevant protein:drug interactions. We discuss here the ligand-binding features of LUM, IND and SUL to TTR, emphasizing the critical interactions that render the protein more stable and less amyloidogenic.
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Esplin BL, Gertz MA. Current Trends in Diagnosis and Management of Cardiac Amyloidosis. Curr Probl Cardiol 2013; 38:53-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ahmed MS, Jadhav AB, Hassan A, Meng QH. Acute phase reactants as novel predictors of cardiovascular disease. ISRN INFLAMMATION 2012; 2012:953461. [PMID: 24049653 PMCID: PMC3767354 DOI: 10.5402/2012/953461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute phase reaction is a systemic response which usually follows a physiological condition that takes place in the beginning of an inflammatory process. This physiological change usually lasts 1-2 days. However, the systemic acute phase response usually lasts longer. The aim of this systemic response is to restore homeostasis. These events are accompanied by upregulation of some proteins (positive acute phase reactants) and downregulation of others (negative acute phase reactants) during inflammatory reactions. Cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by the elevation of several positive acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen, white blood cell count, secretory nonpancreatic phospholipase 2-II (sPLA2-II), ferritin, and ceruloplasmin. Cardiovascular disease is also accompanied by the reduction of negative acute phase reactants such as albumin, transferrin, transthyretin, retinol-binding protein, antithrombin, and transcortin. In this paper, we will be discussing the biological activity and diagnostic and prognostic values of acute phase reactants with cardiovascular importance. The potential therapeutic targets of these reactants will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Ahmed
- Department of Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5 ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5E5
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Martínez-Valle F, Gironella-Mesa M, Solans-Laqué R. Avances en el tratamiento de la amiloidosis. Med Clin (Barc) 2012; 138:667-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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34
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Blasi D, Pinto M, Nieto J, Arsequell G, Valencia G, Planas A, Centeno NB, Quintana J. Drug discovery targeted at transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: rational design, synthesis, and biological activity of new transthyretin amyloid inhibitors. Amyloid 2011; 18 Suppl 1:55-7. [PMID: 21838431 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2011.574354019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Blasi
- Drug Discovery Platform, Parc Cientific Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Pinto M, Blasi D, Nieto J, Arsequell G, Valencia G, Planas A, Quintana J, Centeno NB. Ligand-binding properties of human transthyretin. Amyloid 2011; 18 Suppl 1:51-4. [PMID: 21838430 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2011.574354018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Pinto
- Computer-Assisted Drug Design Laboratory, ResearchUnit on Biomedical Informatics, GRIB, IMIM/UPF, Barcelona, Spain
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36
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37
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Blasi D, Arsequell G, Valencia G, Nieto J, Planas A, Pinto M, Centeno NB, Abad-Zapatero C, Quintana J. Retrospective Mapping of SAR Data for TTR Protein in Chemico-Biological Space Using Ligand Efficiency Indices as a Guide to Drug Discovery Strategies. Mol Inform 2011; 30:161-7. [DOI: 10.1002/minf.201000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Chen Y, Zhang Z. Does transthyretin function as one of contributors for preeclampsia? Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:8-10. [PMID: 20826058 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a multi-system disorder of pregnancy, which is characterized by new onset hypertension and proteinuria, resulting in multi-organ damages within a potential procedure. However as a worldwide leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, the precise origin of PE has not been clarified yet, which also makes obstacles to the management of the disease. Transthyretin (TTR) is a special protein involved in amyloid diseases, has important effects on amyloid fibrils formation. We assumed that TTR might cause a disorder of maternal vascular function and contributed to the pathology of the disease by deposition of TTR amyloid fibrils in the vascular system, which are produced by variant TTR proteins, resulting in organ ischemia. If this hypothesis proves to be correct, this variant may be of diagnostic importance as novel biomarkers for the disease, in addition, it might also benefit to the management of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Chen
- Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated Capital Medical University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China
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Connelly S, Choi S, Johnson SM, Kelly JW, Wilson IA. Structure-based design of kinetic stabilizers that ameliorate the transthyretin amyloidoses. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2010; 20:54-62. [PMID: 20133122 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules that bind to normally unoccupied thyroxine (T(4)) binding sites within transthyretin (TTR) in the blood stabilize the tetrameric ground state of TTR relative to the dissociative transition state and dramatically slow tetramer dissociation, the rate-limiting step for the process of amyloid fibril formation linked to neurodegeneration and cell death. These so-called TTR kinetic stabilizers have been designed using structure-based principles and one of these has recently been shown to halt the progression of a human TTR amyloid disease in a clinical trial, providing the first pharmacologic evidence that the process of amyloid fibril formation is causative. Structure-based design has now progressed to the point where highly selective, high affinity TTR kinetic stabilizers that lack undesirable off-target activities can be produced with high frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Connelly
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Abstract
Amyloidosis is characterized by the extracellular deposition of an abnormal fibrillar protein, which disrupts tissue structure and function. Amyloid may be localized to a single organ, such as the GI tract, or be systemic where the amyloid type is defined by the respective fibril precursor protein. Among patients with systemic amyloidosis, histological involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is very common but often subclinical. The presence and pattern of GI symptoms varies substantially, not only between the different amyloid types but also within them. GI presentations are frequently nonspecific and include macroglossia, dyspepsia, hemorrhage, a change in bowel habit and malabsorption. Endoscopic and radiological features of amyloidosis are also nonspecific, with the small intestine most commonly affected. In the absence of specific treatments for GI amyloidosis, therapy is aimed at reducing or eliminating the supply of the respective fibril precursor protein. Supportive measures such as nutritional support and antidiarrheal agents should be instigated while awaiting the clinical improvement associated with a successful reduction in the abundance of the fibril precursor protein. GI tract surgery should be performed only if the benefits clearly outweigh the risks, as there is a risk of decompensation of organs affected by amyloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prayman Sattianayagam
- National Amyloidosis Centre, Centre for Amyloidosis and Acute Phase Proteins, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK
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42
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Lee KW, Lee DH, Son H, Kim YS, Park JY, Roh GS, Kim HJ, Kang SS, Cho GJ, Choi WS. Clusterin regulates transthyretin amyloidosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:256-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.07.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cortez LM, Farías RN, Chehín RN. Protective effect of 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic and 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acids on serum albumin fibrillation. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2009; 38:857-863. [PMID: 19381627 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-009-0448-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition or reversion of protein self-aggregation has been suggested as a possible preventive mechanism against amyloid diseases, and many efforts are underway to found out molecules capable to restrain the protein aggregation process. In this paper, the inhibitory effects of thyroid hormone analogues on heat-induced fibrillation process of serum albumin are reported. Among the analogues tested, 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyroacetic and 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid showed the most important inhibitory effects on amyloid formation. Thyroxine exhibits a lesser protective effect, while 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine showed no significant inhibition. The gaining of a negative charge together with a size reduction of the hormone molecule could play an essential role in the inhibition of fibrils formation. According to infrared spectroscopy results, the thyroid hormones analogues protective effects proceed via the stabilization of the protein native structure. The current work demonstrates the effectiveness of naturally occurring molecules in the inhibition of albumin fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Cortez
- Departamento Bioquímica de la Nutrición, Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Chacabuco 461, San Miguel de Tucumán, 4000, Argentina
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Palaninathan SK, Mohamedmohaideen NN, Orlandini E, Ortore G, Nencetti S, Lapucci A, Rossello A, Freundlich JS, Sacchettini JC. Novel transthyretin amyloid fibril formation inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural analysis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6290. [PMID: 19621084 PMCID: PMC2709434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transthyretin (TTR) is one of thirty non-homologous proteins whose misfolding, dissociation, aggregation, and deposition is linked to human amyloid diseases. Previous studies have identified that TTR amyloidogenesis can be inhibited through stabilization of the native tetramer state by small molecule binding to the thyroid hormone sites of TTR. We have evaluated a new series of β-aminoxypropionic acids (compounds 5–21), with a single aromatic moiety (aryl or fluorenyl) linked through a flexible oxime tether to a carboxylic acid. These compounds are structurally distinct from the native ligand thyroxine and typical halogenated biaryl NSAID-like inhibitors to avoid off-target hormonal or anti-inflammatory activity. Based on an in vitro fibril formation assay, five of these compounds showed significant inhibition of TTR amyloidogenesis, with two fluorenyl compounds displaying inhibitor efficacy comparable to the well-known TTR inhibitor diflunisal. Fluorenyl 15 is the most potent compound in this series and importantly does not show off-target anti-inflammatory activity. Crystal structures of the TTR∶inhibitor complexes, in agreement with molecular docking studies, revealed that the aromatic moiety, linked to the sp2-hybridized oxime carbon, specifically directed the ligand in either a forward or reverse binding mode. Compared to the aryl family members, the bulkier fluorenyl analogs achieved more extensive interactions with the binding pockets of TTR and demonstrated better inhibitory activity in the fibril formation assay. Preliminary optimization efforts are described that focused on replacement of the C-terminal acid in both the aryl and fluorenyl series (compounds 22–32). The compounds presented here constitute a new class of TTR inhibitors that may hold promise in treating amyloid diseases associated with TTR misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh K. Palaninathan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nilofar N. Mohamedmohaideen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elisabetta Orlandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail: (EO); (JCS)
| | - Gabriella Ortore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Nencetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalina Lapucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Armando Rossello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joel S. Freundlich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - James C. Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EO); (JCS)
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