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Lorenzetti WR, Ibelli AMG, Peixoto JDO, Savoldi IR, Mores MAZ, de Souza Romano G, do Carmo KB, Ledur MC. The downregulation of genes encoding muscle proteins have a potential role in the development of scrotal hernia in pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:822. [PMID: 39023774 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular descent is a physiological process regulated by many factors. Eventually, disturbances in the embryological/fetal development path facilitate the occurrence of scrotal hernia, a congenital malformation characterized by the presence of intestinal portions within the scrotal sac due to the abnormal expansion of the inguinal ring. In pigs, some genes have been related to this anomaly, but the genetic mechanisms involved remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile of a set of genes potentially involved with the manifestation of scrotal hernia in the inguinal ring tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue samples from the inguinal ring/canal of normal and scrotal hernia-affected male pigs with approximately 30 days of age were used. Relative expression analysis was performed using qPCR to confirm the expression profile of 17 candidate genes previously identified in an RNA-Seq study. Among them, the Myosin heavy chain 1 (MYH1), Desmin (DES), and Troponin 1 (TNNI1) genes were differentially expressed between groups and had reduced levels of expression in the affected animals. These genes encode proteins involved in the formation of muscle tissue, which seems to be important for increasing the resistance of the inguinal ring to the abdominal pressure, which is essential to avoid the occurrence of scrotal hernia. CONCLUSIONS The downregulation of muscular candidate genes in the inguinal tissue clarifies the genetic mechanisms involved with this anomaly in its primary site, providing useful information for developing strategies to control this malformation in pigs and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Raphael Lorenzetti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin 680E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89815-630, Brazil
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR153, km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89715-899, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Guarapuava, Paraná, 85040-167, Brazil
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 234, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR153, km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89715-899, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Guarapuava, Paraná, 85040-167, Brazil
| | - Igor Ricardo Savoldi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin 680E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89815-630, Brazil
- Laudo laboratório Avícola, Rodovia BR-365, Morumbi, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38407180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Zanella Mores
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR153, km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89715-899, Brazil
| | | | - Kamilla Bleil do Carmo
- Universidade do Contestado, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Rodovia SC 283, km 17, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89703-720, Brazil
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin 680E, Chapecó, Santa Catarina, 89815-630, Brazil.
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR153, km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, Caixa Postal: 321, Concórdia, Santa Catarina, 89715-899, Brazil.
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Nowacka-Woszuk J. The genetic background of hernia in pigs: A review. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rodrigues AFG, Ibelli AMG, Peixoto JDO, Cantão ME, de Oliveira HC, Savoldi IR, Souza MR, Mores MAZ, Carreño LOD, Ledur MC. Genes and SNPs Involved with Scrotal and Umbilical Hernia in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020166. [PMID: 33513662 PMCID: PMC7912685 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hernia is one of the most common defects in pigs. The most prevalent are the scrotal (SH), inguinal (IH) and umbilical (UH) hernias. We compared the inguinal ring transcriptome of normal and SH-affected pigs with the umbilical ring transcriptome of normal and UH-affected pigs to discover genes and pathways involved with the development of both types of hernia. A total of 13,307 transcripts was expressed in the inguinal and 13,302 in the umbilical ring tissues with 94.91% of them present in both tissues. From those, 35 genes were differentially expressed in both groups, participating in 108 biological processes. A total of 67 polymorphisms was identified in the inguinal ring and 76 in the umbilical ring tissue, of which 11 and 14 were novel, respectively. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with deleterious function was identified in the integrin α M (ITGAM) gene. The microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 γ (MAP1LC3C), vitrin (VIT), aggrecan (ACAN), alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2), potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M α 1 (KCNMA1) and synaptopodin 2 (SYNPO2) genes are highlighted as candidates to trigger both types of hernia. We generated the first comparative study of the pig umbilical and inguinal ring transcriptomes, contributing to the understanding of the genetic mechanism involved with these two types of hernia in pigs and probably in other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariene Fernanda Grando Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, 89815-630 Chapecó, Brazil; (A.F.G.R.); (I.R.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Adriana Mércia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Distrito de Tamanduá, 89715-899 Concórdia, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 85015-430 Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Distrito de Tamanduá, 89715-899 Concórdia, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, 85015-430 Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Maurício Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Distrito de Tamanduá, 89715-899 Concórdia, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.)
| | | | - Igor Ricardo Savoldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, 89815-630 Chapecó, Brazil; (A.F.G.R.); (I.R.S.); (M.R.S.)
| | - Mayla Regina Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, 89815-630 Chapecó, Brazil; (A.F.G.R.); (I.R.S.); (M.R.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, 91540-000 Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Zanella Mores
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Distrito de Tamanduá, 89715-899 Concórdia, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.)
| | | | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Educação Superior do Oeste (CEO), Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, UDESC, 89815-630 Chapecó, Brazil; (A.F.G.R.); (I.R.S.); (M.R.S.)
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Distrito de Tamanduá, 89715-899 Concórdia, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-49-3441-0411
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Romano GDS, Ibelli AMG, Lorenzetti WR, Weber T, Peixoto JDO, Cantão ME, Mores MAZ, Morés N, Pedrosa VB, Coutinho LL, Ledur MC. Inguinal Ring RNA Sequencing Reveals Downregulation of Muscular Genes Related to Scrotal Hernia in Pigs. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11020117. [PMID: 31973088 PMCID: PMC7073996 DOI: 10.3390/genes11020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Scrotal hernias (SH) are common congenital defects in commercial pigs, characterized by the presence of abdominal contents in the scrotal sac, leading to considerable production and animal welfare losses. Since the etiology of SH remains obscure, we aimed to identify the biological and genetic mechanisms involved in its occurrence through the whole transcriptome analysis of SH affected and unaffected pigs’ inguinal rings. From the 22,452 genes annotated in the pig reference genome, 13,498 were expressed in the inguinal canal tissue. Of those, 703 genes were differentially expressed (DE, FDR < 0.05) between the two groups analyzed being, respectively, 209 genes upregulated and 494 downregulated in the SH-affected group. Thirty-seven significantly overrepresented GO terms related to SH were enriched, and the most relevant biological processes were muscular system, cell differentiation, sarcome reorganization, and myofibril assembly. The calcium signaling, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and cardiac muscle contraction were the major pathways possibly involved in the occurrence of the scrotal hernias. The expression profile of the DE genes was associated with the reduction of smooth muscle differentiation, followed by low calcium content in the cell, which could lead to a decreased apoptosis ratio and diminished muscle contraction of the inguinal canal region. We have demonstrated that genes involved with musculature are closely linked to the physiological imbalance predisposing to scrotal hernia. According to our study, the genes MYBPC1, BOK, SLC25A4, SLC8A3, DES, TPM2, MAP1CL3C, and FGF1 were considered strong candidates for future evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrieli de Souza Romano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500-Ondina, Salvador 40170-110, Bahia, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Mercia Guaratini Ibelli
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, 321, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.); (N.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838-Vila Carli, Guarapuava 85040-167, Paraná, Brazil
| | - William Raphael Lorenzetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin 680E-Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil;
| | - Tomás Weber
- BRF SA, Curitiba, PR. Present address: Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rodovia RS-135, KM 25-Distrito Eng. Luiz, Sertão 99170-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Jane de Oliveira Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, 321, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.); (N.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste, Alameda Élio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838-Vila Carli, Guarapuava 85040-167, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Egídio Cantão
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, 321, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Marcos Antônio Zanella Mores
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, 321, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nelson Morés
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, 321, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Victor Breno Pedrosa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Setor de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748-Uvaranas, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo, ESALQ/USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Mônica Corrêa Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, Rodovia BR-153, Km 110, Distrito de Tamanduá, 321, Santa Catarina 89715-899, Brazil; (A.M.G.I.); (J.d.O.P.); (M.E.C.); (M.A.Z.M.); (N.M.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia, UDESC-Oeste, Rua Beloni Trombeta Zanin 680E-Bairro Santo Antônio, Chapecó 89815-630, SC, Brazil;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-49-3441-0411
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Xu W, Chen D, Yan G, Xiao S, Huang T, Zhang Z, Huang L. Rediscover and Refine QTLs for Pig Scrotal Hernia by Increasing a Specially Designed F 3 Population and Using Whole-Genome Sequence Imputation Technology. Front Genet 2019; 10:890. [PMID: 31608119 PMCID: PMC6768097 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig scrotal hernia is one of the most common congenital defects triggered by both genetic and environmental factors, leading to severe economic loss as well as poor animal welfare in the pig industry. Identification and implementation of genomic regions controlling scrotal hernia in breeding is of great appeal to reduce incidences of hernia in pig production. The aim of this study was to identify such regions or molecular markers affecting scrotal hernia in pigs. First of all, we summarized and analyzed the results of some international teams on scrotal hernia and designed a specially population which contains 246 male individuals. We then performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) in this specially designed population using two scenarios, i.e., the target panel data before and after imputation, which contain 42,365 SNPs and 18,756,672 SNPs, respectively. In addition, a series of methods including genetic differentiation analysis, linkage disequilibrium and linkage analysis (LDLA), and haplotype sharing analysis were appropriate to provide for further analysis to identify the potential gene underlying the QTL. The GWAS in this report detected a highly significant region affecting scrotal hernia within a 24.8Mb region (114.1-138.9Mb) on SSC8. And the result of genetic differentiation analysis also showed a strong genetic differentiation signal between 116.1 and 132.7Mb on SSC8. In addition, the QTL interval was refined to 2.99Mb by combining LDLA and genetic differentiation analysis. Finally, two susceptibility haplotypes were identified through haplotype sharing analysis, with one potential causal gene in it. Our study provided deeper insights into the genetic architecture of pig scrotal hernia and contributed to further fine-mapping and characterize haplotype and gene that influence scrotal hernia in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhiyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Pig Genetic Improvement and Production Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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Genome-wide association study reveals a QTL and strong candidate genes for umbilical hernia in pigs on SSC14. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:412. [PMID: 29843603 PMCID: PMC5975507 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Umbilical hernia is one of the most prevalent congenital defect in pigs, causing economic losses and substantial animal welfare problems. Identification and implementation of genomic regions controlling umbilical hernia in breeding is of great interest to reduce incidences of hernia in commercial pig production. The aim of this study was to identify such regions and possibly identify causative variation affecting umbilical hernia in pigs. A case/control material consisting of 739 Norwegian Landrace pigs was collected and applied in a GWAS study with a genome-wide distributed panel of 60 K SNPs. Additionally candidate genes were sequenced to detect additional polymorphisms that were used for single SNP and haplotype association analyses in 453 of the pigs. Results The GWAS in this report detected a highly significant region affecting umbilical hernia around 50 Mb on SSC14 (P < 0.0001) explaining up to 8.6% of the phenotypic variance of the trait. The region is rather broad and includes 62 significant SNPs in high linkage disequilibrium with each other. Targeted sequencing of candidate genes within the region revealed polymorphisms within the Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Oncostatin M (OSM) that were significantly associated with umbilical hernia (P < 0.001). Conclusions A highly significant QTL for umbilical hernia in Norwegian Landrace pigs was detected around 50 Mb on SSC14. Resequencing of candidate genes within the region revealed SNPs within LIF and OSM highly associated with the trait. However, because of extended LD within the region, studies in other populations and functional studies are needed to determine whether these variants are causal or not. Still without this knowledge, SNPs within the region can be used as genetic markers to reduce incidences of umbilical hernia in Norwegian Landrace pigs.
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Lago LV, Nery da Silva A, Zanella EL, Groke Marques M, Peixoto JO, da Silva MVGB, Ledur MC, Zanella R. Identification of Genetic Regions Associated with Scrotal Hernias in a Commercial Swine Herd. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5010015. [PMID: 29382056 PMCID: PMC5876567 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we have used two approaches to detect genetic associations with scrotal hernias in commercial pigs. Firstly, we have investigated the effects of runs of homozygosity (ROH) with the appearance of scrotal hernias, followed by a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS). The phenotype classification was based on visual appearance of scrotal hernias. Each affected animal was matched to a healthy control from the same pen. In the total, 68 animals were genotyped using the Porcine SNP60 Beadchip, out of those, 41 animals had the presence of hernias and 27 were healthy animals. Fifteen animals were removed from the analysis due to differences in genetic background, leaving 18 healthy animals and 35 piglets with scrotal hernia. Further, the detection of extended haplotypes shared ROH were conducted for health (control) and affected (case) animals and a permutation test was used to test whether the ROH segments were more frequent in case/case pairs than non-case/case pairs. Using the ROH, we have identified an association (p = 0.019) on chromosome 2(SSC2) being segregated on animals with the presence of scrotal hernias. Using a GWAS, a region composed by 3 SNPs on the sexual chromosome X (SSCX) were associated with scrotal hernias (p < 1.6 × 10-5), this region harbors the Androgen Receptor Gene (AR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vitória Lago
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Arthur Nery da Silva
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | - Eraldo L Zanella
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
- Docentes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação-UPF, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Jane O Peixoto
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km110, Concórdia, SC 89715-899, Brazil.
| | - Marcos V G B da Silva
- Embrapa Gado de Leite, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, 610, Juiz de Fora, MG 36038-330, Brazil.
| | - Mônica C Ledur
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Rodovia BR-153, Km110, Concórdia, SC 89715-899, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Zanella
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
- Docentes do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioexperimentação-UPF, University of Passo Fundo, BR 285, São José, Passo Fundo, RS 99052-900, Brazil.
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Yun J, Olkkola S, Hänninen ML, Oliviero C, Heinonen M. The effects of amoxicillin treatment of newborn piglets on the prevalence of hernias and abscesses, growth and ampicillin resistance of intestinal coliform bacteria in weaned pigs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172150. [PMID: 28199379 PMCID: PMC5310895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a single amoxicillin treatment of newborn piglets on the prevalence of hernias and abscesses until the age of nine weeks. We also studied whether the treatment was associated with growth and mortality, the need for treatment of other diseases, the proportions of ampicillin resistant coliforms and antimicrobial resistance patterns of intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli). A total of 7156 piglets, from approximately 480 litters, were divided into two treatment groups: ANT (N = 3661) and CON (N = 3495), where piglets were treated with or without a single intramuscular injection of 75 mg amoxicillin one day after birth, respectively. The umbilical and inguinal areas of weaned pigs were palpated at four and nine weeks of age. At the same time, altogether 124 pigs with hernias or abscesses and 820 non-defective pigs from three pens per batch were weighed individually. Mortality and the need to treat piglets for other diseases were recorded. Piglet faecal samples were collected from three areas of the floors of each pen at four weeks of age. The prevalence of umbilical hernias or abscesses did not differ between the groups at four weeks of age, but it was higher in the CON group than in the ANT group at nine weeks of age (2.3% vs. 0.7%, P < 0.05). Numbers of inguinal hernias and abscesses did not differ between the groups at four or nine weeks of age. The ANT group, when it compared with the CON group, increased the weight gain between four and nine weeks of age (LS means ± SE; 497.5 g/d ± 5.0 vs. 475.3 g/d ± 4.9, P < 0.01), and decreased piglet mortality (19.5% ± 1.0 vs. 6.9% ± 1.0, P < 0.05) and the need to treat the piglets for leg problems (3.4% ± 0.3 vs. 1.9% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01) but not for other diseases by the age of four weeks. The proportion of ampicillin resistant intestinal coliform bacteria and the resistance patterns of the E. coli isolates were not different between the ANT and CON groups. In conclusion, our results showed that the amoxicillin treatment of new-born piglets produced statistically significant effect in some of the parameters studied. However, as these effects were only minor, we did not find grounds to recommend preventive antibiotic treatment. Further, continuous antimicrobial treatment of newborn piglets could negatively influence the development of the normal microbiota of the piglet and promote selection of antimicrobial resistance genes in herds. Therefore we suggest rejection of the use of routine administration of antimicrobial agents at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyeon Yun
- Research Centre for Animal Welfare, Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Olkkola
- Antibiotics Section, Food and Feed Microbiology Research unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Mustialankatu 3, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Hänninen
- Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudio Oliviero
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, Saarentaus, Finland
| | - Mari Heinonen
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Paroninkuja 20, Saarentaus, Finland
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Manalaysay JG, Antonio ND, Apilado RLR, Bambico JF, Mingala CN. Screening of BCL-2 associated X protein gene polymorphism associated with scrotal hernia in domesticated swine using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 30:262-266. [PMID: 27165023 PMCID: PMC5205615 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to screen scrotal hernia in domesticated swine from selected breeders in the Philippines. This defect is associated with a cytosine to thymine mutation in the BCL-2 associated X protein (BAX) gene of swine. Methods Genetic screening was done by DNA extraction followed by amplification and digestion using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, amplifying the 416 bp region of the BAX gene that was subjected to digestion using the Ear I enzyme. Sequencing was also conducted to validate the results. Results Results revealed that out of 538 samples tested, 411 (76.4%) of the samples were found to be normal whereas the remaining were carriers of the mutation in which 80 (14.9%) were heterozygous mutants and 47 (8.7%) were homozygous mutants. Pietrain breed was found to have the highest incidence. Conclusion Having a scrotal hernia eliminates the chances of using the boar as a breeder stock because the following generations arising from it would most likely exhibit herniation. It is therefore advised to establish a genetic screening method for Scrotal Hernia in the Philippines to eliminate the negative gene from the herd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathaniel D Antonio
- College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio2600, Philippines
| | | | - Joseph F Bambico
- College of Science, University of the Philippines Baguio, Baguio2600, Philippines
| | - Claro N Mingala
- Philippine Carabao Center, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija 3120, Philippines.,Scientific Career System, National Academy of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig, Metro Manila1631, Philippines
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10
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Genome-wide association study using deregressed breeding values for cryptorchidism and scrotal/inguinal hernia in two pig lines. Genet Sel Evol 2015; 47:18. [PMID: 25886970 PMCID: PMC4367917 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-015-0096-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptorchidism and scrotal/inguinal hernia are the most frequent congenital defects in pigs. Identification of genomic regions that control these congenital defects is of great interest to breeding programs, both from an animal welfare point of view as well as for economic reasons. The aim of this genome-wide association study (GWAS) was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with these congenital defects. Genotypes were available for 2570 Large White (LW) and 2272 Landrace (LR) pigs. Breeding values were estimated based on 1 359 765 purebred and crossbred male offspring, using a binary trait animal model. Estimated breeding values were deregressed (DEBV) and taken as the response variable in the GWAS. RESULTS Heritability estimates were equal to 0.26 ± 0.02 for cryptorchidism and to 0.31 ± 0.01 for scrotal/inguinal hernia. Seven and 31 distinct QTL regions were associated with cryptorchidism in the LW and LR datasets, respectively. The top SNP per region explained between 0.96% and 1.10% and between 0.48% and 2.77% of the total variance of cryptorchidism incidence in the LW and LR populations, respectively. Five distinct QTL regions associated with scrotal/inguinal hernia were detected in both LW and LR datasets. The top SNP per region explained between 1.22% and 1.60% and between 1.15% and 1.46% of the total variance of scrotal/inguinal hernia incidence in the LW and LR populations, respectively. For each trait, we identified one overlapping region between the LW and LR datasets, i.e. a region on SSC8 (Sus scrofa chromosome) between 65 and 73 Mb for cryptorchidism and a region on SSC13 between 34 and 37 Mb for scrotal/inguinal hernia. CONCLUSIONS The use of DEBV in combination with a binary trait model was a powerful approach to detect regions associated with difficult traits such as cryptorchidism and scrotal/inguinal hernia that have a low incidence and for which affected animals are generally not available for genotyping. Several novel QTL regions were detected for cryptorchidism and scrotal/inguinal hernia, and for several previously known QTL regions, the confidence interval was narrowed down.
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11
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Lewis LA, Huskey PS, Kusewitt DF. High incidence of scrotal hernias in a closed colony of FVB mice. Comp Med 2012; 62:391-394. [PMID: 23114042 PMCID: PMC3472603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although inguinal hernias are rarely reported to occur in mice, a high incidence of scrotal hernias was observed in a closed breeding colony of FVB/N mice. Unilateral or bilateral hernias occurred in more than 20% of the male mice in the colony that were available for necropsy over 3 inbred and 1 outcross generations; no female mice were affected. Organs commonly present within the hernial sac included the cecum and seminal vesicles. Hernias did not adversely affect the fertility or lifespan of the affected male mice. Although the condition was heritable, no clear pattern of transmission was evident.
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12
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Gao Z, Luo W, Liu H, Zeng C, Liu X, Yi S, Wang W. Transcriptome analysis and SSR/SNP markers information of the blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). PLoS One 2012; 7:e42637. [PMID: 22880060 PMCID: PMC3412804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) is an herbivorous freshwater fish species native to China and has been recognized as a main aquaculture species in the Chinese freshwater polyculture system with high economic value. Right now, only limited EST resources were available for M. amblycephala. Recent advances in large-scale RNA sequencing provide a fast, cost-effective, and reliable approach to generate large expression datasets for functional genomic analysis, which is especially suitable for non-model species with un-sequenced genomes. Methodology and Principal Findings Using 454 pyrosequencing, a total of 1,409,706 high quality reads (total length 577 Mbp) were generated from the normalized cDNA of pooled M. amblycephala individuals. These sequences were assembled into 26,802 contigs and 73,675 singletons. After BLAST searches against the NCBI non-redundant (NR) and UniProt databases with an arbitrary expectation value of E−10, over 40,000 unigenes were functionally annotated and classified using the FunCat functional annotation scheme. A comparative genomics approach revealed a substantial proportion of genes expressed in M. amblycephala tanscriptome to be shared across the genomes of zebrafish, medaka, tetraodon, fugu, stickleback, human, mouse, and chicken, and identified a substantial number of potentially novel M. amblycephala genes. A total number of 4,952 SSRs were found and 116 polymorphic loci have been characterized. A significant number of SNPs (25,697) and indels (23,287) were identified based on specific filter criteria in the M. amblycephala. Conclusions This study is the first comprehensive transcriptome analysis for a fish species belonging to the genus Megalobrama. These large EST resources are expected to be valuable for the development of molecular markers, construction of gene-based linkage map, and large-scale expression analysis of M. amblycephala, as well as comparative genome analysis for the genus Megalobrama fish species. The identified SSR and SNP markers will greatly benefit its breeding program and whole genome association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Weimin Wang
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, College of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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13
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Petritz OA, Guzman DSM, Gandolfi RC, Steffey MA. Inguinal-Scrotal Urinary Bladder Hernia in an Intact Male Domestic Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Exot Pet Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Fan B, Gorbach DM, Rothschild MF. The pig genome project has plenty to squeal about. Cytogenet Genome Res 2011; 134:9-18. [PMID: 21304247 DOI: 10.1159/000324043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress on pig genetics and genomics research has been witnessed in recent years due to the integration of advanced molecular biology techniques, bioinformatics and computational biology, and the collaborative efforts of researchers in the swine genomics community. Progress on expanding the linkage map has slowed down, but the efforts have created a higher-resolution physical map integrating the clone map and BAC end sequence. The number of QTL mapped is still growing and most of the updated QTL mapping results are available through PigQTLdb. Additionally, expression studies using high-throughput microarrays and other gene expression techniques have made significant advancements. The number of identified non-coding RNAs is rapidly increasing and their exact regulatory functions are being explored. A publishable draft (build 10) of the swine genome sequence was available for the pig genomics community by the end of December 2010. Build 9 of the porcine genome is currently available with Ensembl annotation; manual annotation is ongoing. These drafts provide useful tools for such endeavors as comparative genomics and SNP scans for fine QTL mapping. A recent community-wide effort to create a 60K porcine SNP chip has greatly facilitated whole-genome association analyses, haplotype block construction and linkage disequilibrium mapping, which can contribute to whole-genome selection. The future 'systems biology' that integrates and optimizes the information from all research levels can enhance the pig community's understanding of the full complexity of the porcine genome. These recent technological advances and where they may lead are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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Henriksen NA, Yadete DH, Sorensen LT, Agren MS, Jorgensen LN. Connective tissue alteration in abdominal wall hernia. Br J Surg 2011; 98:210-9. [PMID: 21104706 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiology and pathogenesis of abdominal wall hernia formation is complex. Optimal treatment of hernias depends on a full understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in their formation. The aim of this study was to review the literature on specific collagen alterations in abdominal wall hernia formation. METHODS A computer-assisted search of the medical databases PubMed and Embase was performed, together with a cross-reference search of eligible papers. RESULTS Fifty-two papers were included. Collagen alteration depended on the type of hernia; there were more pronounced changes in patients with a direct inguinal hernia than in those with an indirect inguinal hernia, recurrent inguinal hernia or incisional hernia. A consistent finding was a significant increase in immature type III collagen relative to the stronger type I collagen in patients with a hernia. This resulted in thinner collagen fibres with a correspondingly diminished biomechanical strength. It has been suggested that these alterations are due to variation in the synthesis, maturation or degradation of collagen by matrix metalloproteinases, in combination or alone. CONCLUSION Hernia formation and recurrence is associated with altered collagen metabolism manifested by a decreased type I:III collagen ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Henriksen
- Department of Surgery K, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Liu S, Zhou Z, Lu J, Sun F, Wang S, Liu H, Jiang Y, Kucuktas H, Kaltenboeck L, Peatman E, Liu Z. Generation of genome-scale gene-associated SNPs in catfish for the construction of a high-density SNP array. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:53. [PMID: 21255432 PMCID: PMC3033819 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have become the marker of choice for genome-wide association studies. In order to provide the best genome coverage for the analysis of performance and production traits, a large number of relatively evenly distributed SNPs are needed. Gene-associated SNPs may fulfill these requirements of large numbers and genome wide distribution. In addition, gene-associated SNPs could themselves be causative SNPs for traits. The objective of this project was to identify large numbers of gene-associated SNPs using high-throughput next generation sequencing. Results Transcriptome sequencing was conducted for channel catfish and blue catfish using Illumina next generation sequencing technology. Approximately 220 million reads (15.6 Gb) for channel catfish and 280 million reads (19.6 Gb) for blue catfish were obtained by sequencing gene transcripts derived from various tissues of multiple individuals from a diverse genetic background. A total of over 35 billion base pairs of expressed short read sequences were generated. Over two million putative SNPs were identified from channel catfish and almost 2.5 million putative SNPs were identified from blue catfish. Of these putative SNPs, a set of filtered SNPs were identified including 342,104 intra-specific SNPs for channel catfish, 366,269 intra-specific SNPs for blue catfish, and 420,727 inter-specific SNPs between channel catfish and blue catfish. These filtered SNPs are distributed within 16,562 unique genes in channel catfish and 17,423 unique genes in blue catfish. Conclusions For aquaculture species, transcriptome analysis of pooled RNA samples from multiple individuals using Illumina sequencing technology is both technically efficient and cost-effective for generating expressed sequences. Such an approach is most effective when coupled to existing EST resources generated using traditional sequencing approaches because the reference ESTs facilitate effective assembly of the expressed short reads. When multiple individuals with different genetic backgrounds are used, RNA-Seq is very effective for the identification of SNPs. The SNPs identified in this report will provide a much needed resource for genetic studies in catfish and will contribute to the development of a high-density SNP array. Validation and testing of these SNPs using SNP arrays will form the material basis for genome association studies and whole genome-based selection in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Zhao X, Du ZQ, Rothschild M. An association study of 20 candidate genes with cryptorchidism in Siberian Husky dogs. J Anim Breed Genet 2010; 127:327-31. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2010.00859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Du ZQ, Ciobanu DC, Onteru SK, Gorbach D, Mileham AJ, Jaramillo G, Rothschild MF. A gene-based SNP linkage map for pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Anim Genet 2009; 41:286-94. [PMID: 19968647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.02002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) are of particular economic importance to the global shrimp aquaculture industry. However, limited genomics information is available for the penaeid species. We utilized the limited public information available, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and expressed sequence tags, to discover markers for the construction of the first SNP genetic map for Pacific white shrimp. In total, 1344 putative SNPs were discovered, and out of 825 SNPs genotyped, 418 SNP markers from 347 contigs were mapped onto 45 sex-averaged linkage groups, with approximate coverage of 2071 and 2130 cm for the female and male maps, respectively. The average-squared correlation coefficient (r(2)), a measure of linkage disequilibrium, for markers located more than 50 cm apart on the same linkage group, was 0.15. Levels of r(2) increased with decreasing inter-marker distance from approximately 80 cm, and increased more rapidly from approximately 30 cm. A QTL for shrimp gender was mapped on linkage group 13. Comparative mapping to model organisms, Daphnia pulex and Drosophila melanogaster, revealed extensive rearrangement of genome architecture for L. vannamei, and that L. vannamei was more related to Daphnia pulex. This SNP genetic map lays the foundation for future shrimp genomics studies, especially the identification of genetic markers or regions for economically important traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-Q Du
- Department of Animal Science and Center for Integrated Animal Genomics, Iowa State University, 2255 Kildee Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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