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Hou Y, Deng G, Cui P, Zeng X, Li B, Wang D, He X, Yan C, Zhang Y, Li J, Ma J, Li Y, Wang X, Tian G, Kong H, Tang L, Suzuki Y, Shi J, Chen H. Evolution of H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in the context of vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2343912. [PMID: 38629574 PMCID: PMC11060016 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2343912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Human infections with the H7N9 influenza virus have been eliminated in China through vaccination of poultry; however, the H7N9 virus has not yet been eradicated from poultry. Carefully analysis of H7N9 viruses in poultry that have sub-optimal immunity may provide a unique opportunity to witness the evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in the context of vaccination. Between January 2020 and June 2023, we isolated 16 H7N9 viruses from samples we collected during surveillance and samples that were sent to us for disease diagnosis. Genetic analysis indicated that these viruses belonged to a single genotype previously detected in poultry. Antigenic analysis indicated that 12 of the 16 viruses were antigenically close to the H7-Re4 vaccine virus that has been used since January 2022, and the other four viruses showed reduced reactivity with the vaccine. Animal studies indicated that all 16 viruses were nonlethal in mice, and four of six viruses showed reduced virulence in chickens upon intranasally inoculation. Importantly, the H7N9 viruses detected in this study exclusively bound to the avian-type receptors, having lost the capacity to bind to human-type receptors. Our study shows that vaccination slows the evolution of H7N9 virus by preventing its reassortment with other viruses and eliminates a harmful characteristic of H7N9 virus, namely its ability to bind to human-type receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guohua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xianying Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinwen He
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiongjie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinming Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, CAAS, Changji, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guobin Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijie Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Shizuoka School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Jianzhong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Western Agriculture, CAAS, Changji, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS,Harbin, People’s Republic of China
- National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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Dutta AK, Gazi MS, Uddin SJ. A systemic review on medicinal plants and their bioactive constituents against avian influenza and further confirmation through in-silico analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14386. [PMID: 36925514 PMCID: PMC10011005 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian influenza or more commonly known as bird flu is a widespread infectious disease in poultry. This review aims to accumulate information of different natural plant sources that can aid in combating this disease. Influenza virus (IV) is known for its ability to mutate and infect different species (including humans) and cause fatal consequences. Methods Total 33 plants and 4 natural compounds were identified and documented. Molecular docking was performed against the target viral protein neuraminidase (NA), with some plant based natural compounds and compared their results with standard drugs Oseltamivir and Zanamivir to obtain novel drug targets for influenza in chickens. Results It was seen that most extracts exhibit their action by interacting with viral hemagglutinin or neuraminidase and inhibit viral entry or release from the host cell. Some plants also interacted with the viral RNA replication or by reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Ethanol was mostly used for extraction. Among all the plants Theobroma cacao, Capparis Sinaica Veil, Androgarphis paniculate, Thallasodendron cillatum, Sinularia candidula, Larcifomes officinalis, Lenzites betulina, Datronia molis, Trametes gibbose exhibited their activity with least concentration (below 10 μg/ml). The dockings results showed that some natural compounds (5,7- dimethoxyflavone, Aloe emodin, Anthocyanins, Quercetin, Hemanthamine, Lyocrine, Terpenoid EA showed satisfactory binding affinity and binding specificity with viral neuraminidase compared to the synthetic drugs. Conclusion This review clusters up to date information of effective herbal plants to bolster future influenza treatment research in chickens. The in-silico analysis also suggests some potential targets for future drug development but these require more clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashit Kumar Dutta
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shamim Gazi
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
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Hautefeuille C, Azzouguen B, Mouchel S, Dauphin G, Peyre M. Evaluation of vaccination strategies to control an avian influenza outbreak in French poultry production networks using EVACS tool. Prev Vet Med 2020; 184:105129. [PMID: 33002655 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.105129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
France recently faced two epizootic waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry (H5N6 in 2015-2016 and H5N8 in 2016-2017), mainly in the fattening duck production sector. Vaccination against avian influenza (AI) is currently not authorised in France even though its potential benefits were discussed during these epizootic events. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential efficiency of different vaccination strategies that could be applied against AI in France. The EVACS tool, which is a decision support tool developed to evaluate vaccination strategies, was applied in several French poultry production sectors: broiler, layer, turkey, duck and guinea fowl. EVACS was used to simulate the performance of vaccination strategies in terms of vaccination coverage, immunity levels and spatial distribution of the immunity level. A cost-benefit analysis was then applied based on EVACS results to identify the most efficient strategy. For each sector, vaccination protocols were tested according to the production type (breeders/production, indoor/outdoor), the integration level (integrated/independent) and the type of vaccine (hatchery vaccination using a recombinant vaccine/farm vaccination using an inactivated vaccine). The most efficient protocols for each sector were then combined to test different overall vaccination strategies at the national level. Even if it was not possible to compare vaccination protocols with the two vaccines types in "foie gras" duck, meat duck and guinea fowl production sectors as no hatchery vaccine currently exist for these species, these production sectors were also described and included in this simulation. Both types of vaccination (at hatchery and farm level) enabled protective immunity levels for the control of AI, but higher poultry population immunity level was reached (including independent farms) using hatchery vaccination. We also showed that hatchery vaccination was more efficient (higher benefit-cost ratio) than farm vaccination. Sufficient and homogeneously spatially distributed protective levels were reached in the overall poultry population with vaccination strategies targeting breeders, chicken layers and broilers and turkeys, without the need to include ducks and guinea fowls. However, vaccination strategies involving the highest number of species and production types were the most efficient in terms of cost-benefit. This study provides critical information on the efficiency of different vaccination strategies to support future decision making in case vaccination was applied to prevent and control HPAI in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hautefeuille
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France; CEVA Santé animale, 33500, Libourne, France.
| | - Billal Azzouguen
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Marisa Peyre
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398, Montpellier, France; ASTRE, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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Reid MC, Peebles K, Stansfield SE, Goodreau SM, Abernethy N, Gottlieb GS, Mittler JE, Herbeck JT. Models to predict the public health impact of vaccine resistance: A systematic review. Vaccine 2019; 37:4886-4895. [PMID: 31307874 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen evolution is a potential threat to the long-term benefits provided by public health vaccination campaigns. Mathematical modeling can be a powerful tool to examine the forces responsible for the development of vaccine resistance and to predict its public health implications. We conducted a systematic review of existing literature to understand the construction and application of vaccine resistance models. We identified 26 studies that modeled the public health impact of vaccine resistance for 12 different pathogens. Most models predicted that vaccines would reduce overall disease burden in spite of evolution of vaccine resistance. Relatively few pathogens and populations for which vaccine resistance may be problematic were covered in the reviewed studies, with low- and middle-income countries particularly under-represented. We discuss the key components of model design, as well as patterns of model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C Reid
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room F-262, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, 908 Jefferson St., Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Kathryn Peebles
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room F-262, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, 908 Jefferson St., Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Sarah E Stansfield
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room F-262, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Anthropologym Denny Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Steven M Goodreau
- Department of Epidemiology, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room F-262, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Anthropologym Denny Hall, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Neil Abernethy
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Box 358047, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Health Services, 1959 NE Pacific St, Magnuson Health Sciences Center, Room H-680, Seattle, WA 98195-7660, United States.
| | - Geoffrey S Gottlieb
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases & Center for Emerging & Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine & Department of Global Health, 750 Republican St., Building E, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - John E Mittler
- Department of Microbiology, 750 Republican St., Building F, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Joshua T Herbeck
- International Clinical Research Center, Department of Global Health, 908 Jefferson St., Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
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Niewiadomska AM, Jayabalasingham B, Seidman JC, Willem L, Grenfell B, Spiro D, Viboud C. Population-level mathematical modeling of antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review. BMC Med 2019; 17:81. [PMID: 31014341 PMCID: PMC6480522 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-019-1314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mathematical transmission models are increasingly used to guide public health interventions for infectious diseases, particularly in the context of emerging pathogens; however, the contribution of modeling to the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) remains unclear. Here, we systematically evaluate publications on population-level transmission models of AMR over a recent period (2006-2016) to gauge the state of research and identify gaps warranting further work. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of relevant databases to identify transmission studies of AMR in viral, bacterial, and parasitic disease systems. We analyzed the temporal, geographic, and subject matter trends, described the predominant medical and behavioral interventions studied, and identified central findings relating to key pathogens. RESULTS We identified 273 modeling studies; the majority of which (> 70%) focused on 5 infectious diseases (human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, Plasmodium falciparum (malaria), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)). AMR studies of influenza and nosocomial pathogens were mainly set in industrialized nations, while HIV, TB, and malaria studies were heavily skewed towards developing countries. The majority of articles focused on AMR exclusively in humans (89%), either in community (58%) or healthcare (27%) settings. Model systems were largely compartmental (76%) and deterministic (66%). Only 43% of models were calibrated against epidemiological data, and few were validated against out-of-sample datasets (14%). The interventions considered were primarily the impact of different drug regimens, hygiene and infection control measures, screening, and diagnostics, while few studies addressed de novo resistance, vaccination strategies, economic, or behavioral changes to reduce antibiotic use in humans and animals. CONCLUSIONS The AMR modeling literature concentrates on disease systems where resistance has been long-established, while few studies pro-actively address recent rise in resistance in new pathogens or explore upstream strategies to reduce overall antibiotic consumption. Notable gaps include research on emerging resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae; AMR transmission at the animal-human interface, particularly in agricultural and veterinary settings; transmission between hospitals and the community; the role of environmental factors in AMR transmission; and the potential of vaccines to combat AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Niewiadomska
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Bamini Jayabalasingham
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.,Present Address: Elsevier Inc., 230 Park Ave, Suite B00, New York, NY, 10169, USA
| | - Jessica C Seidman
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - Bryan Grenfell
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.,Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - David Spiro
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - Cecile Viboud
- Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA.
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Fasanmi OG, Odetokun IA, Balogun FA, Fasina FO. Public health concerns of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 endemicity in Africa. Vet World 2017; 10:1194-1204. [PMID: 29184365 PMCID: PMC5682264 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.1194-1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 was first officially reported in Africa in 2006; thereafter this virus has spread rapidly from Nigeria to 11 other African countries. This study was aimed at utilizing data from confirmed laboratory reports to carry out a qualitative evaluation of the factors responsible for HPAI H5N1 persistence in Africa and the public health implications; and to suggest appropriate control measures. Relevant publications were sought from data banks and repositories of FAO, OIE, WHO, and Google scholars. Substantiated data on HPAI H5N1 outbreaks in poultry in Africa and in humans across the world were mined. HPAI H5N1 affects poultry and human populations, with Egypt having highest human cases (346) globally. Nigeria had a reinfection from 2014 to 2015, with outbreaks in Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Niger, Nigeria, and Burkina Faso throughout 2016 unabated. The persistence of this virus in Africa is attributed to the survivability of HPAIV, ability to evolve other subtypes through genetic reassortment, poor biosecurity compliance at the live bird markets and poultry farms, husbandry methods and multispecies livestock farming, poultry vaccinations, and continuous shedding of HPAIV, transboundary transmission of HPAIV through poultry trades; and transcontinental migratory birds. There is, therefore, the need for African nations to realistically reassess their status, through regular surveillance and be transparent with HPAI H5N1 outbreak data. Also, it is important to have an understanding of HPAIV migration dynamics which will be helpful in epidemiological modeling, disease prevention, control and eradication measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubunmi Gabriel Fasanmi
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
- Department of Animal Health, Federal Colleges of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ismail Ayoade Odetokun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Adeola Balogun
- Department of Animal Health, Federal Colleges of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Folorunso Oludayo Fasina
- Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Diseases – Food and Agriculture Organisation, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
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Rahn J, Hoffmann D, Harder TC, Beer M. Vaccines against influenza A viruses in poultry and swine: Status and future developments. Vaccine 2015; 33:2414-24. [PMID: 25835575 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are important pathogens with a very broad host spectrum including domestic poultry and swine. For preventing clinical disease and controlling the spread, vaccination is one of the most efficient tools. Classical influenza vaccines for domestic poultry and swine are conventional inactivated preparations. However, a very broad range of novel vaccine types ranging from (i) nucleic acid-based vaccines, (ii) replicon particles, (iii) subunits and virus-like particles, (iv) vectored vaccines, or (v) live-attenuated vaccines has been described, and some of them are now also used in the field. The different novel approaches for vaccines against avian and swine influenza virus infections are reviewed, and additional features like universal vaccines, novel application approaches and the "differentiating infected from vaccinated animals" (DIVA)-strategy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rahn
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - D Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - T C Harder
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - M Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Suedufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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A Structured Avian Influenza Model with Imperfect Vaccination and Vaccine-Induced Asymptomatic Infection. Bull Math Biol 2014; 76:2389-425. [DOI: 10.1007/s11538-014-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
At present, H5N1 avian influenza (AI) is a zoonotic disease where the transmission to humans occurs from infected domestic birds. Since 2003, more than 500 people have been infected and nearly 60% of them have died. If the H5N1 virus becomes efficiently human-to-human transmittable, a pandemic will occur with potentially high mortality. A mathematical model of AI, which involves human influenza, is introduced to better understand the complex epidemiology of AI and the emergence of a pandemic strain. Demographic and epidemiological data on birds and humans are used for the parameterization of the model. The differential equation system faithfully projects the cumulative number of H5N1 human cases and captures the dynamics of the yearly cases. The model is used to rank the efficacy of the current control measures used to prevent the emergence of a pandemic strain. We find that culling without re-population and vaccination are the two most efficient control measures each giving 22% decrease in the number of H5N1 infected humans for each 1% change in the affected parameters (μb, νb for culling and βb, νb for vaccination). Control measures applied to humans, such as wearing protective gear, are not very efficient, giving less than 1% decrease in the number of H5N1 infected humans for each 1% decrease in βY, the bird-to-human transmission coefficient of H5N1. Furthermore, we find that should a pandemic strain emerge, it will invade, possibly displacing the human influenza virus in circulation at that time. Moreover, higher prevalence levels of human influenza will obstruct the invasion capabilities of the pandemic H5N1 strain. This effect is not very pronounced, as we find that 1% increase in human influenza prevalence will decrease the invasion capabilities of the pandemic strain with 0.006%.
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Affiliation(s)
- MAIA MARTCHEVA
- Department of Mathematics, University of Florida, 358 Little Hall, P. O. Box 118105, Gainesville, FL 32611-8105, USA
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10
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Chong NS, Tchuenche JM, Smith RJ. A mathematical model of avian influenza with half-saturated incidence. Theory Biosci 2013; 133:23-38. [PMID: 23733366 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-013-0183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The widespread impact of avian influenza viruses not only poses risks to birds, but also to humans. The viruses spread from birds to humans and from human to human In addition, mutation in the primary strain will increase the infectiousness of avian influenza. We developed a mathematical model of avian influenza for both bird and human populations. The effect of half-saturated incidence on transmission dynamics of the disease is investigated. The half-saturation constants determine the levels at which birds and humans contract avian influenza. To prevent the spread of avian influenza, the associated half-saturation constants must be increased, especially the half-saturation constant H m for humans with mutant strain. The quantity H m plays an essential role in determining the basic reproduction number of this model. Furthermore, by decreasing the rate β m at which human-to-human mutant influenza is contracted, an outbreak can be controlled more effectively. To combat the outbreak, we propose both pharmaceutical (vaccination) and non-pharmaceutical (personal protection and isolation) control methods to reduce the transmission of avian influenza. Vaccination and personal protection will decrease β m, while isolation will increase H m. Numerical simulations demonstrate that all proposed control strategies will lead to disease eradication; however, if we only employ vaccination, it will require slightly longer to eradicate the disease than only applying non-pharmaceutical or a combination of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical control methods. In conclusion, it is important to adopt a combination of control methods to fight an avian influenza outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyuk Sian Chong
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Ottawa, 585 King Edward Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
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Dorjee S, Poljak Z, Revie CW, Bridgland J, McNab B, Leger E, Sanchez J. A Review of Simulation Modelling Approaches Used for the Spread of Zoonotic Influenza Viruses in Animal and Human Populations. Zoonoses Public Health 2012; 60:383-411. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Shapshak P, Chiappelli F, Somboonwit C, Sinnott J. The Influenza Pandemic of 2009. Mol Diagn Ther 2012; 15:63-81. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03256397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Increased substitution rate in H5N1 avian influenza viruses during mass vaccination of poultry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Mathematical Models of Infectious Diseases in Livestock: Concepts and Application to the Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Strain Type H5N1. HEALTH AND ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2012. [PMCID: PMC7120485 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7077-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wang L, Li X, Zhang YQ, Zhang Y, Zhang K. Evolution of scaling emergence in large-scale spatial epidemic spreading. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21197. [PMID: 21747932 PMCID: PMC3128583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zipf's law and Heaps' law are two representatives of the scaling concepts, which play a significant role in the study of complexity science. The coexistence of the Zipf's law and the Heaps' law motivates different understandings on the dependence between these two scalings, which has still hardly been clarified. Methodology/Principal Findings In this article, we observe an evolution process of the scalings: the Zipf's law and the Heaps' law are naturally shaped to coexist at the initial time, while the crossover comes with the emergence of their inconsistency at the larger time before reaching a stable state, where the Heaps' law still exists with the disappearance of strict Zipf's law. Such findings are illustrated with a scenario of large-scale spatial epidemic spreading, and the empirical results of pandemic disease support a universal analysis of the relation between the two laws regardless of the biological details of disease. Employing the United States domestic air transportation and demographic data to construct a metapopulation model for simulating the pandemic spread at the U.S. country level, we uncover that the broad heterogeneity of the infrastructure plays a key role in the evolution of scaling emergence. Conclusions/Significance The analyses of large-scale spatial epidemic spreading help understand the temporal evolution of scalings, indicating the coexistence of the Zipf's law and the Heaps' law depends on the collective dynamics of epidemic processes, and the heterogeneity of epidemic spread indicates the significance of performing targeted containment strategies at the early time of a pandemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Adaptive Networks and Control Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- Adaptive Networks and Control Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yi-Qing Zhang
- Adaptive Networks and Control Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Adaptive Networks and Control Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Adaptive Networks and Control Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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16
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Investigation of efficient protection from an influenza pandemic using CARMS. ARTIFICIAL LIFE AND ROBOTICS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10015-010-0874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Influenza A virus infections result in approximately 500,000 human deaths per year and many more sublethal infections. Wild birds are recognized as the ancestral host of influenza A viruses, and avian viruses have contributed genetic material to most human viruses, including subtypes H5N1 and H1N1. Thus, influenza virus transmission in wild and domestic animals and humans is intimately connected. Here we review how anthropogenic change, including human population growth, land use, climate change, globalization of trade, agricultural intensification, and changes in vaccine technology may alter the evolution and transmission of influenza viruses. Evidence suggests that viral transmission in domestic poultry, spillover to other domestic animals, wild birds and humans, and the potential for subsequent pandemic spread, are all increasing. We highlight four areas in need of research: drivers of viral subtype dynamics; ecological and evolutionary determinants of transmissibility and virulence in birds and humans; the impact of changing land use and climate on hosts, viruses, and transmission; and the impact of influenza viruses on wild bird hosts, including their ability to migrate while shedding virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne H. Sokolow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
| | | | - A. Marm Kilpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA
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18
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Iwami S, Takeuchi Y, Liu X, Nakaoka S. A geographical spread of vaccine-resistance in avian influenza epidemics. J Theor Biol 2009; 259:219-28. [PMID: 19361532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2009.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination can be a useful tool for control of avian influenza outbreaks in poultry, but its use is reconsidered in most of the countries worldwide because of its negative effects on the disease control. One of the most important negative effects is the potential for emergence of vaccine-resistant viruses. Actually, in the vaccination program in China and Mexico, several vaccine-resistant strains were confirmed. Vaccine-resistant strains usually cause a loss of the protection effectiveness of vaccination. Therefore, a vaccination program that engenders the emergence of the resistant strain might promote the spread of the resistant strain and undermine the control of the infectious disease, even if the vaccination protects against the transmission of a vaccine-sensitive strain. We designed and analyzed a deterministic patch-structured model in heterogeneous areas (with or without vaccination) illustrating transmission of vaccine-sensitive and vaccine-resistant strains during a vaccination program. We found that the vaccination program can eradicate the vaccine-sensitive strain but lead to a prevalence of vaccine-resistant strain. Further, interestingly, the replacement of viral strain could occur in another area without vaccination through a migration of non-infectious individuals due to an illegal trade of poultry. It is also a novel result that only a complete eradication of both strains in vaccination area can achieve the complete eradication in another areas. Thus we can obtain deeper understanding of an effect of vaccination for better development of vaccination strategies to control avian influenza spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Iwami
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Japan.
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