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Mead EC, Wang CA, Phung J, Fu JY, Williams SM, Merialdi M, Jacobsson B, Lye S, Menon R, Pennell CE. The Role of Genetics in Preterm Birth. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3410-3427. [PMID: 37450251 PMCID: PMC10692032 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB), defined as the birth of a child before 37 completed weeks gestation, affects approximately 11% of live births and is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years. PTB is a complex disease with multiple risk factors including genetic variation. Much research has aimed to establish the biological mechanisms underlying PTB often through identification of genetic markers for PTB risk. The objective of this review is to present a comprehensive and updated summary of the published data relating to the field of PTB genetics. A literature search in PubMed was conducted and English studies related to PTB genetics were included. Genetic studies have identified genes within inflammatory, immunological, tissue remodeling, endocrine, metabolic, and vascular pathways that may be involved in PTB. However, a substantial proportion of published data have been largely inconclusive and multiple studies had limited power to detect associations. On the contrary, a few large hypothesis-free approaches have identified and replicated multiple novel variants associated with PTB in different cohorts. Overall, attempts to predict PTB using single "-omics" datasets including genomic, transcriptomic, and epigenomic biomarkers have been mostly unsuccessful and have failed to translate to the clinical setting. Integration of data from multiple "-omics" datasets has yielded the most promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse C Mead
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Jason Phung
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - Joanna Yx Fu
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Scott M Williams
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mario Merialdi
- Maternal Newborn Health Innovations, Geneva, PBC, Switzerland
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Science, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Lye
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
- Department of Maternity and Gynaecology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia.
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2
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Huang G, Yao D, Yan X, Zheng M, Yan P, Chen X, Wang D. Emerging role of toll-like receptors signaling and its regulators in preterm birth: a narrative review. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:319-339. [PMID: 35916961 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite intensive research, preterm birth (PTB) rates have not decreased significantly in recent years due to a lack of understanding of the underlying causes and insufficient treatment options for PTB. We are committed to finding promising biomarkers for the treatment of PTB. METHODS An extensive search of the literature was conducted with MEDLINE/PubMed, and in total, 151 studies were included and summarized in the present review. RESULTS Substantial evidence supports that the infection and/or inflammatory cascade associated with infection is an early event in PTB. Toll-like receptor (TLR) is a prominent pattern recognition receptor (PRR) found on both immune and non-immune cells, including fetal membrane cells. The activation of TLR downstream molecules, followed by TLR binding to its ligand, is critical for infection and inflammation, leading to the involvement of the TLR signaling pathway in PTB. TLR ligands are derived from microbial components and molecules released by damaged and dead cells. Particularly, TLR4 is an essential TLR because of its ability to recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this comprehensive overview, we discuss the role of TLR signaling in PTB, focus on numerous host-derived genetic and epigenetic regulators of the TLR signaling pathway, and cover ongoing research and prospective therapeutic options for treating PTB by inhibiting TLR signaling. CONCLUSION This is a critical topic because TLR-related molecules and mechanisms may enable obstetricians to better understand the physiological changes in PTB and develop new treatment and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Yao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mingyu Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Thiem CE, Stegmann JD, Hilger AC, Waffenschmidt L, Bendixen C, Köllges R, Schmiedeke E, Schäfer FM, Lacher M, Kosch F, Grasshoff-Derr S, Kabs C, Neser J, Jenetzky E, Fazaal J, Schumacher J, Hoefele J, Ludwig KU, Reutter H. Re-sequencing of candidate genes FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO, and KYNU in 522 individuals with VATER/VACTERL, VACTER/VACTERL-like association, and isolated anorectal malformation. Birth Defects Res 2022; 114:478-486. [PMID: 35362267 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acronym VATER/VACTERL association describes the combination of at least three component features (CFs): vertebral defects (V), anorectal malformations (ARM) (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia (TE), renal malformations (R), and limb defects (L). Individuals presenting two CFs have been termed VATER/VACTERL-like. Recently, FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO, KYNU, TRAP1, and ZIC3 have been proposed as candidate genes for VATER/VACTERL, VATER/VACTERL-like, and ARM. Re-sequencing studies identified disease-causing variants in TRAP1 and ZIC3, the contribution of other genes was not independently investigated. One affected variant carrier in FOXF1 was previously identified. Here we re-sequenced FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO, and KYNU in 522 affected individuals. METHODS Using molecular inversion probe (MIP) technology, re-sequencing was performed in 63 individuals with VATER/VACTERL association, 313 with VATER/VACTERL-like association, and 146 with ARM. All individuals were of European ethnicity. Variant filtering considered variants with a minor allele frequency (MAF) ≤0.01 for putative recessive disease-genes HSPA6, HAAO, and KYNU. For the putative dominant disease-gene FOXF1 we considered variants with a MAF ≤0.0001. In silico prediction tools were used for further prioritization. RESULTS Only two variants in FOXF1 in two independently affected individuals [c.443G>T, p.(Cys148Phe); c.850T>C, p.(Tyr284His)] passed our filter criteria. One individual presented with ARM, the second presented with TE and C comprising atrial and ventricular septal defects. Sanger sequencing confirmed both variants but also their inheritance from the healthy mother. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that FOXF1, HSPA6, HAAO and KYNU do not play a major role in the formation of VACTER/VACTERL phenotypes or ARM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina E Thiem
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jil D Stegmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Research Center On Rare Kidney Diseases (RECORD), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lea Waffenschmidt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Bendixen
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Unit of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ricarda Köllges
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schmiedeke
- Clinic for Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | - Frank-Mattias Schäfer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, Cnopf'sche Kinderklinik, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lacher
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Kosch
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sabine Grasshoff-Derr
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Buergerhospital and Clementine Kinderhospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Kabs
- Department of Paediatrics Surgery, Muenchen Klinik gGmbH, Munich Clinic Schwabing, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Neser
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, General Hospital, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Ekkehart Jenetzky
- Institute of Integrative Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Herdecke, Germany.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Fazaal
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johannes Schumacher
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hoefele
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin U Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty of the University Bonn & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Jaiswar SP, Priyadarshini A, Singh A, Ahmad MK, Deo S, Sankhwar P. Association Between PON1 (L55M and Q192R) Genetic Polymorphism and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss in North Indian Women Exposed to Pesticides. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2021; 43:805-810. [PMID: 34872137 PMCID: PMC10183888 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between the PON1 polymorphisms and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 100 females. DNA was extracted and PON1 genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. RESULTS Regarding PON1 L55M, the mutated allele (M) frequency was found in 70.5% in RPL and in 53.5% in controls; the M allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of RPL (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj] = 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]; p < 0.001). However, regarding PON1 Q192R, the R mutated allele frequency was found in 28.5% in RPL and in 33% in controls. The R allele did not show any risk for RPL (ORadj 0.81; 95%CI; p = 0.329). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that there is an effect of genetic polymorphism on RPL and provides additional evidence that combines with the growing information about the ways in which certain PON1 genotypes can affect the development of the fetus in the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Pyari Jaiswar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apala Priyadarshini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Apurva Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sujata Deo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpa Sankhwar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Development and utilization of human decidualization reporter cell line uncovers new modulators of female fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19541-19551. [PMID: 31501330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907652116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of embryo implantation accounts for a significant percentage of female infertility. Exquisitely coordinated molecular programs govern the interaction between the competent blastocyst and the receptive uterus. Decidualization, the rapid proliferation and differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells, is required for implantation. Decidualization defects can cause poor placentation, intrauterine growth restriction, and early parturition leading to preterm birth. Decidualization has not yet been systematically studied at the genetic level due to the lack of a suitable high-throughput screening tool. Herein we describe the generation of an immortalized human endometrial stromal cell line that uses yellow fluorescent protein under the control of the prolactin promoter as a quantifiable visual readout of the decidualization response (hESC-PRLY cells). Using this cell line, we performed a genome-wide siRNA library screen, as well as a screen of 910 small molecules, to identify more than 4,000 previously unrecognized genetic and chemical modulators of decidualization. Ontology analysis revealed several groups of decidualization modulators, including many previously unappreciated transcription factors, sensory receptors, growth factors, and kinases. Expression studies of hits revealed that the majority of decidualization modulators are acutely sensitive to ovarian hormone exposure. Gradient treatment of exogenous factors was used to identify EC50 values of small-molecule hits, as well as verify several growth factor hits identified by the siRNA screen. The high-throughput decidualization reporter cell line and the findings described herein will aid in the development of patient-specific treatments for decidualization-based recurrent pregnancy loss, subfertility, and infertility.
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6
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Kause F, Zhang R, Ludwig M, Schmiedeke E, Rissmann A, Thiele H, Altmueller J, Herms S, Hilger AC, Hildebrandt F, Reutter H. HSPA6: A new autosomal recessive candidate gene for the VATER/VACTERL malformation spectrum. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:591-597. [PMID: 30887706 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VATER/VACTERL association refers to the nonrandom co-occurrence of at least three of the following component features (CFs): vertebral defects (V), anorectal malformations (ARM) (A), cardiac defects (C), tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia (TE), renal malformations (R), and limb defects (L). Patients presenting with two CFs have been termed VATER/VACTERL-like phenotypes. METHODS We surveyed the exome for recessive disease variants in three affected sib-pairs. Sib-pair 971 consisted of two brothers with ARM and additional hydronephrosis in one brother. Sib-pair 1098 consisted of two sisters with ARM. In family 1346, the daughter presented with ARM and additional hypoplasia of both small fingers and ankyloses. Her brother presented with unilateral isolated radial hypoplasia. Sib-pairs 971 and 1346 resembled a VATER/VACTERL-like phenotype. RESULTS We detected a novel maternally inherited missense variant (c.1340G > T) and a rare paternally inherited deletion of the trans-allele in HSPA6 in both siblings of family 1346. HSPA6 belongs to the heat shock protein (HSP) 70 family. Re-sequencing of HSPA6 in 167 patients with VATER/VACTERL and VATER/VACTERL-like phenotypes did not reveal any additional bi-allelic variants. CONCLUSIONS Until now, only TNF-receptor associated protein 1 (TRAP1) had been reported as an autosomal recessive disease-gene for the VATER/VACTERL association. TRAP1 belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family (HSP90). Both Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes have been shown to be important embryonic drivers in the formation of mouse embryonic forelimb tissue. Our results suggest HSPA6 as a new candidate gene in VATER/VACTERL-like phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kause
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eberhard Schmiedeke
- Clinic for Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, Klinikum Bremen-Mitte, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anke Rissmann
- Malformation Monitoring Centre Saxony-Anhalt, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janine Altmueller
- Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Heiko Reutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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7
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Whittaker E, Goldblatt D, McIntyre P, Levy O. Neonatal Immunization: Rationale, Current State, and Future Prospects. Front Immunol 2018; 9:532. [PMID: 29670610 PMCID: PMC5893894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections take their greatest toll in early life necessitating robust approaches to protect the very young. Here, we review the rationale, current state, and future research directions for one such approach: neonatal immunization. Challenges to neonatal immunization include natural concern about safety as well as a distinct neonatal immune system that is generally polarized against Th1 responses to many stimuli such that some vaccines that are effective in adults are not in newborns. Nevertheless, neonatal immunization could result in high-population penetration as birth is a reliable point of healthcare contact, and offers an opportunity for early protection of the young, including preterm newborns who are deficient in maternal antibodies. Despite distinct immunity and reduced responses to some vaccines, several vaccines have proven safe and effective at birth. While some vaccines such as polysaccharide vaccines have little effectiveness at birth, hepatitis B vaccine can prime at birth and requires multiple doses to achieve protection, whereas the live-attenuated Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), may offer single shot protection, potentially in part via heterologous ("non-specific") beneficial effects. Additional vaccines have been studied at birth including those directed against pertussis, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenza type B and rotavirus providing important lessons. Current areas of research in neonatal vaccinology include characterization of early life immune ontogeny, heterogeneity in and heterologous effects of BCG vaccine formulations, applying systems biology and systems serology, in vitro platforms that model age-specific human immunity and discovery and development of novel age-specific adjuvantation systems. These approaches may inform, de-risk, and accelerate development of novel vaccines for use in early life. Key stakeholders, including the general public, should be engaged in assessing the opportunities and challenges inherent to neonatal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Whittaker
- Centre for International Child Health, Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldblatt
- Immunobiology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (ICH), London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter McIntyre
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Kids Research, Sydney Children’s Hospital Network and University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Strauss JF, Romero R, Gomez-Lopez N, Haymond-Thornburg H, Modi BP, Teves ME, Pearson LN, York TP, Schenkein HA. Spontaneous preterm birth: advances toward the discovery of genetic predisposition. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:294-314.e2. [PMID: 29248470 PMCID: PMC5834399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from family and twin-based studies provide strong support for a significant contribution of maternal and fetal genetics to the timing of parturition and spontaneous preterm birth. However, there has been only modest success in the discovery of genes predisposing to preterm birth, despite increasing sophistication of genetic and genomic technology. In contrast, DNA variants associated with other traits/diseases have been identified. For example, there is overwhelming evidence that suggests that the nature and intensity of an inflammatory response in adults and children are under genetic control. Because inflammation is often invoked as an etiologic factor in spontaneous preterm birth, the question of whether spontaneous preterm birth has a genetic predisposition in the case of pathologic inflammation has been of long-standing interest to investigators. Here, we review various genetic approaches used for the discovery of preterm birth genetic variants in the context of inflammation-associated spontaneous preterm birth. Candidate gene studies have sought genetic variants that regulate inflammation in the mother and fetus; however, the promising findings have often not been replicated. Genome-wide association studies, an approach to the identification of chromosomal loci responsible for complex traits, have also not yielded compelling evidence for DNA variants predisposing to preterm birth. A recent genome-wide association study that included a large number of White women (>40,000) revealed that maternal loci contribute to preterm birth. Although none of these loci harbored genes directly related to innate immunity, the results were replicated. Another approach to identify DNA variants predisposing to preterm birth is whole exome sequencing, which examines the DNA sequence of protein-coding regions of the genome. A recent whole exome sequencing study identified rare mutations in genes encoding for proteins involved in the negative regulation (dampening) of the innate immune response (eg, CARD6, CARD8, NLRP10, NLRP12, NOD2, TLR10) and antimicrobial peptide/proteins (eg, DEFB1, MBL2). These findings support the concept that preterm labor, at least in part, has an inflammatory etiology, which can be induced by pathogens (ie, intraamniotic infection) or "danger signals" (alarmins) released during cellular stress or necrosis (ie, sterile intraamniotic inflammation). These findings support the notion that preterm birth has a polygenic basis that involves rare mutations or damaging variants in multiple genes involved in innate immunity and host defense mechanisms against microbes and their noxious products. An overlap among the whole exome sequencing-identified genes and other inflammatory conditions associated with preterm birth, such as periodontal disease and inflammatory bowel disease, was observed, which suggests a shared genetic substrate for these conditions. We propose that whole exome sequencing, as well as whole genome sequencing, is the most promising approach for the identification of functionally significant genetic variants responsible for spontaneous preterm birth, at least in the context of pathologic inflammation. The identification of genes that contribute to preterm birth by whole exome sequencing, or whole genome sequencing, promises to yield valuable population-specific biomarkers to identify the risk for spontaneous preterm birth and potential strategies to mitigate such a risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome F Strauss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA.
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD and Detroit, MI; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Hannah Haymond-Thornburg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Bhavi P Modi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria E Teves
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Laurel N Pearson
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Timothy P York
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Harvey A Schenkein
- Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, VA
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9
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Racial Differences in DNA-Methylation of CpG Sites Within Preterm-Promoting Genes and Gene Variants. Matern Child Health J 2017; 20:1680-7. [PMID: 27000849 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-1967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the role DNA methylation may play in genes associated with preterm birth for higher rates of preterm births in African-American women. Methods Fetal cord blood samples from births collected at delivery and maternal demographic and medical information were used in a cross-sectional study to examine fetal DNA methylation of genes implicated in preterm birth among black and non-black infants. Allele-specific DNA methylation analysis was performed using a methylation bead array. Targeted maximum likelihood estimation was applied to examine the relationship between race and fetal DNA methylation of candidate preterm birth genes. Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were then conducted to validate the CpG site methylation marker within the two racial groups. Bootstrapping, a method of validation and replication, was employed. Results 42 CpG sites were screened within 20 candidate gene variants reported consistently in the literature as being associated with preterm birth. Of these, three CpG sites on TNFAIP8 and PON1 genes (corresponding to: cg23917399; cg07086380; and cg07404485, respectively) were significantly differentially methylated between black and non-black individuals. The three CpG sites showed lower methylation status among infants of black women. Bootstrapping validated and replicated results. Conclusion for Practice Our study identified significant differences in levels of methylation on specific genes between black and non-black individuals. Understanding the genetic/epigenetic mechanisms that lead to preterm birth may lead to enhanced prevention strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality by eventually providing a means to identify individuals with a genetic predisposition to preterm labor.
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Song J, Li J, Liu H, Gan Y, Sun Y, Yu M, Zhang Y, Luo F, Tian Y, Wang W, Zhang J, Little J, Cheng H, Chen D. A genetic variant in the placenta-derived MHC class I chain-related gene A increases the risk of preterm birth in a Chinese population. Hum Genet 2017; 136:1375-1384. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1834-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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11
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Gimenez LG, Momany AM, Poletta FA, Krupitzki HB, Gili JA, Busch TD, Saleme C, Cosentino VR, Pawluk MS, Campaña H, Gadow EC, Murray JC, Lopez-Camelo JS. Association of candidate gene polymorphisms with clinical subtypes of preterm birth in a Latin American population. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:554-559. [PMID: 28426651 PMCID: PMC5570637 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. PTB is often classified according to clinical presentation as follows: idiopathic (PTB-I), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PTB-PPROM), and medically induced (PTB-M). The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between specific candidate genes and clinical subtypes of PTB.MethodsTwenty-four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 18 candidate genes in 709 infant triads. Of them, 243 were PTB-I, 256 were PTB-PPROM, and 210 were PTB-M. These data were analyzed with a Family-Based Association.ResultsPTB was nominally associated with rs2272365 in PON1, rs883319 in KCNN3, rs4458044 in CRHR1, and rs610277 in F3. Regarding clinical subtypes analysis, three SNPs were associated with PTB-I (rs2272365 in PON1, rs10178458 in COL4A3, and rs4458044 in CRHR1), rs610277 in F3 was associated with PTB-PPROM, and rs883319 in KCNN3 and rs610277 in F3 were associated with PTB-M.ConclusionOur study identified polymorphisms potentially associated with specific clinical subtypes of PTB in this Latin American population. These results could suggest a specific role of such genes in the mechanisms involved in each clinical subtype. Further studies are required to confirm our results and to determine the role of these genes in the pathophysiology of clinical subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G. Gimenez
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina,ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas) at INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fernando A. Poletta
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina,ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas) at INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo B. Krupitzki
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan A. Gili
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina,ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas) at INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tamara D. Busch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Cesar Saleme
- Maternity Nuestra Señora de la Merced, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Viviana R. Cosentino
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina,ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas) at INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela S. Pawluk
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina,ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas) at INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hebe Campaña
- CIC (Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique C. Gadow
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Jorge S. Lopez-Camelo
- Research Unit, CEMIC-CONICET (Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas), Buenos Aires, Argentina,ECLAMC (Estudio Colaborativo Latinoamericano de Malformaciones Congénitas) at INAGEMP (Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Yang X, Peng W, Zhu LN, Zhang XA, Wang Y. [Association between IL-6 C-572G and susceptibility to spontaneous preterm birth]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:806-811. [PMID: 28697836 PMCID: PMC7389923 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphism of IL-6 C-572G and susceptibility to spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). METHODS The subjects were from Beijing and the surrounding areas of Beijing. This case-control study enrolled 569 SPTB infants, including 56 extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation), 166 very preterm (28-31+6 weeks of gestation) and 347 moderate to late preterm infants (32 to 36+6 weeks of gestation). A total of 673 term infants were enrolled as the control group. The latest Sequenom MassARRAY®SNP detection technique was used for the typing of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6 C-572G. RESULTS Compared with the CC genotypes, the IL-6 C-572G G-positive genotype (CG+GG genotype) was significantly associated with an increased susceptibility to moderate to late SPTB (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.01-1.80, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Among the Chinese population, IL-6 C-572G polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to moderate to late SPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to People's Liberation Army Beijing General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.
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13
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Yang X, Peng W, Zhu LN, Zhang XA, Wang Y. [Association between IL-6 C-572G and susceptibility to spontaneous preterm birth]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2017; 19:806-811. [PMID: 28697836 PMCID: PMC7389923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 08/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the genetic polymorphism of IL-6 C-572G and susceptibility to spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). METHODS The subjects were from Beijing and the surrounding areas of Beijing. This case-control study enrolled 569 SPTB infants, including 56 extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation), 166 very preterm (28-31+6 weeks of gestation) and 347 moderate to late preterm infants (32 to 36+6 weeks of gestation). A total of 673 term infants were enrolled as the control group. The latest Sequenom MassARRAY®SNP detection technique was used for the typing of single nucleotide polymorphism of IL-6 C-572G. RESULTS Compared with the CC genotypes, the IL-6 C-572G G-positive genotype (CG+GG genotype) was significantly associated with an increased susceptibility to moderate to late SPTB (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.01-1.80, P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Among the Chinese population, IL-6 C-572G polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to moderate to late SPTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Developmental Biology Laboratory, Bayi Children's Hospital Affiliated to People's Liberation Army Beijing General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China.
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14
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Sheikh IA, Ahmad E, Jamal MS, Rehan M, Assidi M, Tayubi IA, AlBasri SF, Bajouh OS, Turki RF, Abuzenadah AM, Damanhouri GA, Beg MA, Al-Qahtani M. Spontaneous preterm birth and single nucleotide gene polymorphisms: a recent update. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:759. [PMID: 27766960 PMCID: PMC5073925 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3089-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB), birth at <37 weeks of gestation, is a significant global public health problem. World-wide, about 15 million babies are born preterm each year resulting in more than a million deaths of children. Preterm neonates are more prone to problems and need intensive care hospitalization. Health issues may persist through early adulthood and even be carried on to the next generation. Majority (70 %) of PTBs are spontaneous with about a half without any apparent cause and the other half associated with a number of risk factors. Genetic factors are one of the significant risks for PTB. The focus of this review is on single nucleotide gene polymorphisms (SNPs) that are reported to be associated with PTB. Results A comprehensive evaluation of studies on SNPs known to confer potential risk of PTB was done by performing a targeted PubMed search for the years 2007–2015 and systematically reviewing all relevant studies. Evaluation of 92 studies identified 119 candidate genes with SNPs that had potential association with PTB. The genes were associated with functions of a wide spectrum of tissue and cell types such as endocrine, tissue remodeling, vascular, metabolic, and immune and inflammatory systems. Conclusions A number of potential functional candidate gene variants have been reported that predispose women for PTB. Understanding the complex genomic landscape of PTB needs high-throughput genome sequencing methods such as whole-exome sequencing and whole-genome sequencing approaches that will significantly enhance the understanding of PTB. Identification of high risk women, avoidance of possible risk factors, and provision of personalized health care are important to manage PTB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3089-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq A Sheikh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad S Jamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iftikhar A Tayubi
- Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samera F AlBasri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama S Bajouh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola F Turki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,KACST Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,KACST Innovation Center in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Damanhouri
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80216, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Cornejo-García JA, Perkins JR, Jurado-Escobar R, García-Martín E, Agúndez JA, Viguera E, Pérez-Sánchez N, Blanca-López N. Pharmacogenomics of Prostaglandin and Leukotriene Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:316. [PMID: 27708579 PMCID: PMC5030812 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual genetic background together with environmental effects are thought to be behind many human complex diseases. A number of genetic variants, mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), have been shown to be associated with various pathological and inflammatory conditions, representing potential therapeutic targets. Prostaglandins (PTGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) are eicosanoids derived from arachidonic acid and related polyunsaturated fatty acids that participate in both normal homeostasis and inflammatory conditions. These bioactive lipid mediators are synthesized through two major multistep enzymatic pathways: PTGs by cyclooxygenase and LTs by 5-lipoxygenase. The main physiological effects of PTGs include vasodilation and vascular leakage (PTGE2); mast cell maturation, eosinophil recruitment, and allergic responses (PTGD2); vascular and respiratory smooth muscle contraction (PTGF2), and inhibition of platelet aggregation (PTGI2). LTB4 is mainly involved in neutrophil recruitment, vascular leakage, and epithelial barrier function, whereas cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs) (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) induce bronchoconstriction and neutrophil extravasation, and also participate in vascular leakage. PTGs and LTs exert their biological functions by binding to cognate receptors, which belong to the seven transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptor superfamily. SNPs in genes encoding these receptors may influence their functionality and have a role in disease susceptibility and drug treatment response. In this review we summarize SNPs in PTGs and LTs receptors and their relevance in human diseases. We also provide information on gene expression. Finally, we speculate on future directions for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Cornejo-García
- Research Laboratory, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA)Malaga, Spain; Allergy Unit, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA)Malaga, Spain
| | - James R Perkins
- Research Laboratory, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA) Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Jurado-Escobar
- Research Laboratory, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA) Malaga, Spain
| | | | - José A Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Caceres, Spain
| | - Enrique Viguera
- Genetics Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga Malaga, Spain
| | - Natalia Pérez-Sánchez
- Allergy Unit, International Business Information Management Association (IBIMA)-Regional University Hospital of Malaga, University of Málaga (UMA) Malaga, Spain
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16
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Pereyra S, Bertoni B, Sapiro R. Interactions between environmental factors and maternal–fetal genetic variations: strategies to elucidate risks of preterm birth. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016; 202:20-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Holland N, Lizarraga D, Huen K. Recent progress in the genetics and epigenetics of paraoxonase: why it is relevant to children's environmental health. Curr Opin Pediatr 2015; 27:240-7. [PMID: 25635583 PMCID: PMC4431624 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000000192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Children are more susceptible to exposures in utero and during early childhood that may result in developmental problems and chronic diseases. Novel discoveries in the field of molecular epidemiology that can help explain susceptibility to exposures and disease will be demonstrated using the multifunctional enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as an example. RECENT FINDINGS The broad PON1 variability in humans, partly due to differences in genetics and age, can confer differential susceptibility because this enzyme can detoxify organophosphate pesticides and has antioxidant properties. Epigenetics plays a significant role in the mediation of the effects of environmental exposure on human health and is hypothesized to be a major contributing factor to the early-life origins of adult disease. Studies highlighted in this review demonstrate the relationship of PON1 polymorphisms with microRNA binding in addition to a link between DNA methylation in the transcriptional regulatory region with changes in PON1 enzyme levels. Other important methodologies such as ancestry informative markers and lactonase activity can enhance studies involving PON1. SUMMARY This PON1 model demonstrates that integrating genetic and epigenetic factors, as well as other novel methodologies, can improve our understanding of important susceptibility factors linked to pediatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Holland
- Environmental Health Sciences Division and the Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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18
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Huen K, Yousefi P, Street K, Eskenazi B, Holland N. PON1 as a model for integration of genetic, epigenetic, and expression data on candidate susceptibility genes. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2015; 1:dvv003. [PMID: 26913202 PMCID: PMC4762373 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome- and epigenome-wide studies demonstrate that the DNA methylation is controlled in part by genetics, highlighting the importance of integrating genetic and epigenetic data. To better understand molecular mechanisms affecting gene expression, we used the candidate susceptibility gene paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as a model to assess associations of PON1 genetic polymorphisms with DNA methylation and arylesterase activity, a marker of PON1 expression. PON1 has been associated with susceptibility to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and pesticide exposure. In this study, we assessed DNA methylation in 18 CpG sites located along PON1 shores, shelves, and its CpG island in blood specimens collected from newborns and 9-year-old children participating (n = 449) in the CHAMACOS birth cohort study. The promoter polymorphism, PON1-108 , was strongly associated with methylation, particularly for CpG sites located near the CpG island (P << 0.0005). Among newborns, these relationships were even more pronounced after adjusting for blood cell composition. We also observed significant decreases in arylesterase activity with increased methylation at the same nine CpG sites at both ages. Using causal mediation analysis, we found statistically significant indirect effects of methylation (β(95% confidence interval): 6.9(1.5, 12.4)) providing evidence that DNA methylation mediates the relationship between PON1-108 genotype and PON1 expression. Our findings show that integration of genetic, epigenetic, and expression data can shed light on the functional mechanisms involving genetic and epigenetic regulation of candidate susceptibility genes like PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Huen
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Paul Yousefi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Kelly Street
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
| | - Nina Holland
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 50 University Hall #7360, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA
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Harmon QE, Engel SM, Olshan AF, Moran T, Stuebe AM, Luo J, Wu MC, Avery CL. Association of polymorphisms in natural killer cell-related genes with preterm birth. Am J Epidemiol 2013; 178:1208-18. [PMID: 23982189 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwt108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is implicated in preterm birth, but genetic studies of inflammatory genes have yielded inconsistent results. Maternal DNA from 1,646 participants in the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Cohort, enrolled in Orange and Wake counties, North Carolina (1995-2005), were genotyped for 432 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 30 candidate genes. Gene-level and SNP associations were modeled within strata of genetic ancestry. Six genes were associated with preterm birth among European Americans: interleukin 12A (IL12A); colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2); interferon γ receptor 2 (IFNGR2); killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, three domain, long cytoplasmic tail, 2 (KIR3DL2); interleukin 4 (IL4); and interleukin 13 (IL13). Of these, relatively strong single-SNP associations were seen in IFNGR2 and KIR3DL2. Among the 4 genes related to natural killer cell function, 2 (IL12A and CSF2) were consistently associated with reduced risk of prematurity for both European and African Americans. SNPs tagging a locus control region for IL4 and IL13 were associated with an increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth for European Americans (rs3091307; risk ratio = 1.9; 95% confidence interval: 1.4, 2.5). Although gene-level associations were detected only in European Americans, single-SNP associations among European and African Americans were often similar in direction, though estimated with less precision among African Americans. In conclusion, we identified novel associations between variants in the natural killer cell immune pathway and prematurity in this biracial US population.
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20
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Blanco-Muñoz J, Aguilar-Garduño C, Gamboa-Avila R, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Pérez-Méndez O, Huesca-Gómez C, González-Alzaga B, Lacasaña M. Association between PON1 genetic polymorphisms and miscarriage in Mexican women exposed to pesticides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 449:302-308. [PMID: 23435062 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental oxidative stress has been involved in the pathogenesis of certain reproductive adverse effects, including miscarriage. Paraxonase 1 (PON1) is a high-density lipoprotein(HDL)-linked enzyme that prevents oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and is involved in detoxification from organophosphate pesticides. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between maternal PON1 polymorphisms (PON1192Q/R, PON155 L/M y PON1-108C/T) and the risk of miscarriage in women chronically exposed to organophosphate pesticides in Mexico. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, socio-demographic data, reproductive history data, environmental exposures, and other variables of concern were collected by means of a questionnaire from 264 women (floriculturists and wives of floriculturists) who had been pregnant sometime during the 10 years preceding the study. Blood samples were also collected from them. PON1192 and PON155 genotypes were determined by PCR amplification, and PON1-108 genotypes, by a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Complete information regarding the results of pregnancy and maternal genotype tests was obtained for 514 pregnancies (35 miscarriages and 479 controls). The association between PON1 genotypes and miscarriage was evaluate through GEE models. RESULTS The risk of miscarriage by mothers with PON1192RR genotype was 2.2 higher than by mothers with PON1192QR/PON1192QQ genotype (95% CI 0.93-5.17). The risk was close to 4 times higher in mothers with PON155MM/PON155LM genotype than in mothers with PON155LL genotype (OR=3.9; 95% CI 1.38-11.0). No significant differences were found in risk of miscarriage based on the maternal PON1-108C/T genotype. No evidence was found of an interaction between the various PON1 genotypes and the mothers' floricultural activity during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that there is an effect of genetic maternal PON1 polymorphisms on miscarriage and provides additional evidence that combines with the growing information about the ways in which certain PON1 genotypes can affect the development of the fetus in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Blanco-Muñoz
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública de México (INSP) (National Institute of Public Health of México), Av, Universidad 655, Col. Sta María Ahuacatitlán, CP 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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21
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Skiadas CC, Duan S, Correll M, Rubio R, Karaca N, Ginsburg ES, Quackenbush J, Racowsky C. Ovarian reserve status in young women is associated with altered gene expression in membrana granulosa cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2012; 18:362-71. [PMID: 22355044 PMCID: PMC3378309 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) is a challenging diagnosis of infertility, as there are currently no tests to predict who may become affected with this condition, or at what age. We designed the present study to compare the gene expression profile of membrana granulosa cells from young women affected with DOR with those from egg donors of similar age and to determine if distinct genetic patterns could be identified to provide insight into the etiology of DOR. Young women with DOR were identified based on FSH level in conjunction with poor follicular development during an IVF cycle (n = 13). Egg donors with normal ovarian reserve (NOR) comprised the control group (n = 13). Granulosa cells were collected following retrieval, RNA was extracted and microarray analysis was conducted to evaluate genetic differences between the groups. Confirmatory studies were undertaken with quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Multiple significant differences in gene expression were observed between the DOR patients and egg donors. Two genes linked with ovarian function, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR), were further analyzed with qRT-PCR in all patients. The average expression of AMH was significantly higher in egg donors (adjusted P-value = 0.01), and the average expression of LHCGR was significantly higher in DOR patients (adjusted P-value = 0.005). Expression levels for four additional genes, progesterone receptor membrane component 2 (PGRMC2), prostaglandin E receptor 3 (subtype EP3) (PTGER3), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and StAR-related lipid transfer domain containing 4 (StarD4), were validated in a group consisting of five NOR and five DOR patients. We conclude that gene expression analysis has substantial potential to determine which young women may be affected with DOR. More importantly, our analysis suggests that DOR patients fall into two distinct subgroups based on gene expression profiles, indicating that different mechanisms may be involved during development of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C. Skiadas
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, ASB 1+3, Rm 082, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shenghua Duan
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mick Correll
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Renee Rubio
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nilay Karaca
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, ASB 1+3, Rm 082, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth S. Ginsburg
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, ASB 1+3, Rm 082, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Center for Cancer Computational Biology, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Catherine Racowsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, ASB 1+3, Rm 082, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Myatt L, Eschenbach DA, Lye SJ, Mesiano S, Murtha AP, Williams SM, Pennell CE. A standardized template for clinical studies in preterm birth. Reprod Sci 2012; 19:474-82. [PMID: 22344727 DOI: 10.1177/1933719111426602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm birth is a major societal and economic problem accounting for 80 to 90% of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is recognized as a complex multifactorial condition comprising several distinct clinical phenotypes with different underlying etiologies. As animal models are expensive and fail to mimic the biology of spontaneous preterm birth in humans, understanding the pathophysiology requires detailed clinical studies. Meta-analyses and clinical translation of data, however, are limited by heterogeneity of study design and size, publication and reporting biases, definition of patient groups, and a lack of standard universal definitions. This article provides a harmonized open-source template for designing clinical studies addressing preterm birth. METHODS Recommendations are made for clinical definitions, choice and assignment to preterm birth phenotypes, selection of enriched populations and control pregnancies, and potential confounding factors. In addition, recommendations are made for study design, sample size and power calculations, the minimal data sets needed for any study of preterm birth, and the optimal data set of an ideal study. RESULTS Recommended patient phenotypes are infection, uterine overdistension, hemorrhage, stress (either maternal or fetal), and idiopathic. Confounding factors include medical conditions, obesity, antenatal glucocorticoids, multifetal pregnancies, and fetal sex. Guidelines regarding study design, sample size, and clinical data acquisition are provided to serve as a universal template for preterm birth studies. CONCLUSIONS Adoption of a harmonized template will allow generation of protocols and studies with a basic degree of compatibility and will allow data to be compared, and samples and data sets to be combined for meaningful meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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23
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Myking S, Myhre R, Gjessing HK, Morken NH, Sengpiel V, Williams SM, Ryckman KK, Magnus P, Jacobsson B. Candidate gene analysis of spontaneous preterm delivery: new insights from re-analysis of a case-control study using case-parent triads and control-mother dyads. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:174. [PMID: 22208904 PMCID: PMC3260094 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD) has a multifactorial etiology with evidence of a genetic contribution to its pathogenesis. A number of candidate gene case-control studies have been performed on spontaneous PTD, but the results have been inconsistent, and do not fully assess the role of how two genotypes can impact outcome. To elucidate this latter point we re-analyzed data from a previously published case-control candidate gene study, using a case-parent triad design and a hybrid design combining case-parent triads and control-mother dyads. These methods offer a robust approach to genetic association studies for PTD compared to traditional case-control designs. Methods The study participants were obtained from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). A total of 196 case triads and 211 control dyads were selected for the analysis. A case-parent triad design as well as a hybrid design was used to analyze 1,326 SNPs from 159 candidate genes. We compared our results to those from a previous case-control study on the same samples. Haplotypes were analyzed using a sliding window of three SNPs and a pathway analysis was performed to gain biological insight into the pathophysiology of preterm delivery. Results The most consistent significant fetal gene across all analyses was COL5A2. The functionally similar COL5A1 was significant when combining fetal and maternal genotypes. PON1 was significant with analytical approaches for single locus association of fetal genes alone, but was possibly confounded by maternal effects. Focal adhesion (hsa04510), Cell Communication (hsa01430) and ECM receptor interaction (hsa04512) were the most constant significant pathways. Conclusion This study suggests a fetal association of COL5A2 and a combined fetal-maternal association of COL5A1 with spontaneous PTD. In addition, the pathway analysis implied interactions of genes affecting cell communication and extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Myking
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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24
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Harley KG, Huen K, Aguilar Schall R, Holland NT, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B. Association of organophosphate pesticide exposure and paraoxonase with birth outcome in Mexican-American women. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23923. [PMID: 21904599 PMCID: PMC3164135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies suggest that maternal organophosphorus (OP) pesticide exposure is associated with poorer fetal growth, but findings are inconsistent. We explored whether paraoxonase (PON1), a key enzyme involved in detoxification of OPs, could be an effect modifier in this association. METHODS The study population included 470 pregnant women enrolled in the CHAMACOS Study, a longitudinal cohort study of mothers and children living in an agricultural region of California. We analyzed urine samples collected from mothers twice during pregnancy for dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides. We analyzed maternal and fetal (cord) blood samples for PON1 genotype (PON1(192) and PON1(-108)) and enzyme activity (paraoxonase and arylesterase). Infant birth weight, head circumference, and gestational age were obtained from medical records. RESULTS Infants' PON1 genotype and activity were associated with birth outcome, but mothers' were not. Infants with the susceptible PON1(-108TT) genotype had shorter gestational age (β = -0.5 weeks, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -0.9, 0.0) and smaller head circumference (β = -0.4 cm, 95% CI: -0.7, 0.0) than those with the PON1(-108CC) genotype. Infants' arylesterase and paraoxonase activity were positively associated with gestational age. There was some evidence of effect modification with DAPs: maternal DAP concentrations were associated with shorter gestational age only among infants of the susceptible PON1(-108TT) genotype (p-value(interaction) = 0.09). However, maternal DAP concentrations were associated with larger birth weight (p-value(interaction) = 0.06) and head circumference (p-value(interaction)<0.01) in infants with non-susceptible genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Infants whose PON1 genotype and enzyme activity levels suggested that they might be more susceptible to the effects of OP pesticide exposure had decreased fetal growth and length of gestation. PON1 may be another factor contributing to preterm or low birth weight birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
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25
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Manuck TA, Lai Y, Meis PJ, Sibai B, Spong CY, Rouse DJ, Iams JD, Caritis SN, O'Sullivan MJ, Wapner RJ, Mercer B, Ramin SM, Peaceman AM. Admixture mapping to identify spontaneous preterm birth susceptibility loci in African Americans. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117:1078-1084. [PMID: 21508746 PMCID: PMC3094723 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e318214e67f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preterm birth is 1.5 times more common in African American (17.8%) than European American women (11.5%), even after controlling for confounding variables. We hypothesize that genetic factors may account for this disparity and can be identified by admixture mapping. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of women with at least one prior spontaneous preterm birth enrolled in a multicenter prospective study. DNA was extracted and whole-genome amplified from stored saliva samples. Self-identified African American patients were genotyped with a 1,509 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) commercially available admixture panel. A logarithm of odds locus-genome score of 1.5 or higher was considered suggestive and 2 or higher was considered significant for a disease locus. RESULTS One hundred seventy-seven African American women with one or more prior spontaneous preterm births were studied. One thousand four hundred fifty SNPs were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and passed quality filters. Individuals had a mean of 78.3% to 87.9% African American ancestry for each SNP. A locus on chromosome 7q21-22 was suggestive of an association with spontaneous preterm birth before 37 weeks of gestation (three SNPs with logarithm of odds scores 1.50-1.99). This signal strengthened when women with at least one preterm birth before 35.0 (eight SNPs with logarithm of odds scores greater than 1.50) and before 32.0 weeks of gestation were considered (15 SNPs with logarithm of odds scores greater than 1.50). No other areas of the genome had logarithm of odds scores higher than 1.5. CONCLUSION Spontaneous preterm birth in African American women may be genetically mediated by a susceptibility locus on chromosome 7. This region contains multiple potential candidate genes, including collagen type 1-α-2 gene and genes involved with calcium regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy A Manuck
- From the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Case Western Reserve University-MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, DC; and the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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