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Presser A, Freund O, Hassapelis T, Hunter G. Scabrous is distributed via signaling filopodia to modulate Notch response during bristle patterning in Drosophila. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291409. [PMID: 37729137 PMCID: PMC10511103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
During development, cells in tissues must be patterned correctly in order to support tissue function and shape. The sensory bristles of the peripheral nervous system on the thorax of Drosophila melanogaster self-organizes from a unpatterned epithelial tissue to a regular spot pattern during pupal stages. Wild type patterning requires Notch-mediated lateral inhibition. Scabrous is a protein that can bind to and modify Notch receptor activity. Scabrous can be secreted, but it is also known to be localized to basal signaling filopodia, or cytonemes, that play a role in long-range Notch signaling. Here we show that Scabrous is primarily distributed basally, within the range of signaling filopodia extension. We show that filamentous actin dynamics are required for the distribution of Scabrous protein during sensory bristle patterning stages. We show that the Notch response of epithelial cells is sensitive to the level of Scabrous protein being expressed by the sensory bristle precursor cell. Our findings at the cell-level suggest a model for how epithelial cells engaged in lateral inhibition at a distance are sensitive local levels of Scabrous protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Presser
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Olivia Freund
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Theodora Hassapelis
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
| | - Ginger Hunter
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, United States of America
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Elongator stabilizes microtubules to control central spindle asymmetry and polarized trafficking of cell fate determinants. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1606-1616. [PMID: 36302967 PMCID: PMC7613801 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division gives rise to two daughter cells that inherit different determinants, thereby acquiring different fates. Polarized trafficking of endosomes containing fate determinants recently emerged as an evolutionarily conserved feature of asymmetric cell division to enhance the robustness of asymmetric cell fate determination in flies, fish and mammals. In particular, polarized sorting of signalling endosomes by an asymmetric central spindle contributes to asymmetric cell division in Drosophila melanogaster. However, how central spindle asymmetry arises remains elusive. Here we identify a moonlighting function of the Elongator complex-an established protein acetylase and tRNA methylase involved in the fidelity of protein translation-as a key factor for central spindle asymmetry. Elongator controls spindle asymmetry by stabilizing microtubules differentially on the anterior side of the central spindle. Accordingly, lowering the activity of Elongator on the anterior side using nanobodies mistargets endosomes to the wrong cell. Molecularly, Elongator regulates microtubule dynamics independently of its acetylation and methylation enzymatic activities. Instead, Elongator directly binds to microtubules and increases their polymerization speed while decreasing their catastrophe frequency. Our data establish a non-canonical role of Elongator at the core of cytoskeleton polarity and asymmetric signalling.
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Furman DP, Bukharina TA. Genetic Regulation of Morphogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster Mechanoreceptors. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lacoste J, Soula H, Burg A, Audibert A, Darnat P, Gho M, Louvet-Vallée S. A neural progenitor mitotic wave is required for asynchronous axon outgrowth and morphology. eLife 2022; 11:75746. [PMID: 35254258 PMCID: PMC8933001 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal mechanisms generating neural diversity are fundamental for understanding neural processes. Here, we investigated how neural diversity arises from neurons coming from identical progenitors. In the dorsal thorax of Drosophila, rows of mechanosensory organs originate from the division of sensory organ progenitor (SOPs). We show that in each row of the notum, an anteromedial located central SOP divides first, then neighbouring SOPs divide, and so on. This centrifugal wave of mitoses depends on cell-cell inhibitory interactions mediated by SOP cytoplasmic protrusions and Scabrous, a secreted protein interacting with the Delta/Notch complex. Furthermore, when this mitotic wave was reduced, axonal growth was more synchronous, axonal terminals had a complex branching pattern and fly behaviour was impaired. We show that the temporal order of progenitor divisions influences the birth order of sensory neurons, axon branching and impact on grooming behaviour. These data support the idea that developmental timing controls axon wiring neural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Lacoste
- UMR 7622 laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Hédi Soula
- NutriOmics Research Unit, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Angélique Burg
- UMR 7622 laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Audibert
- UMR 7622 laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Pénélope Darnat
- UMR 7622 laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Michel Gho
- UMR 7622 laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Louvet-Vallée
- UMR 7622 laboratory of Developmental Biology, CNRS Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
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5
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The color pattern inducing gene wingless is expressed in specific cell types of campaniform sensilla of a polka-dotted fruit fly, Drosophila guttifera. Dev Genes Evol 2021; 231:85-93. [PMID: 33774724 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-021-00674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A polka-dotted fruit fly, Drosophila guttifera, has a unique pigmentation pattern on its wings and is used as a model for evo-devo studies exploring the mechanism of evolutionary gain of novel traits. In this species, a morphogen-encoding gene, wingless, is expressed in species-specific positions and induces a unique pigmentation pattern. To produce some of the pigmentation spots on wing veins, wingless is thought to be expressed in developing campaniform sensillum cells, but it was unknown which of the four cell types there express(es) wingless. Here we show that two of the cell types, dome cells and socket cells, express wingless, as indicated by in situ hybridization together with immunohistochemistry. This is a unique case in which non-neuronal SOP (sensory organ precursor) progeny cells produce Wingless as an inducer of pigmentation pattern formation. Our finding opens a path to clarifying the mechanism of evolutionary gain of a unique wingless expression pattern by analyzing gene regulation in dome cells and socket cells.
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A Functional Analysis of the Drosophila Gene hindsight: Evidence for Positive Regulation of EGFR Signaling. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:117-127. [PMID: 31649045 PMCID: PMC6945037 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the relationship between the function of the gene hindsight (hnt), which is the Drosophila homolog of Ras Responsive Element Binding protein-1 (RREB-1), and the EGFR signaling pathway. We report that hnt mutant embryos are defective in EGFR signaling dependent processes, namely chordotonal organ recruitment and oenocyte specification. We also show the temperature sensitive hypomorphic allele hntpebbled is enhanced by the hypomorphic MAPK allele rolled (rl1 ). We find that hnt overexpression results in ectopic DPax2 expression within the embryonic peripheral nervous system, and we show that this effect is EGFR-dependent. Finally, we show that the canonical U-shaped embryonic lethal phenotype of hnt, which is associated with premature degeneration of the extraembyonic amnioserosa and a failure in germ band retraction, is rescued by expression of several components of the EGFR signaling pathway (sSpi, Ras85D V12 , pntP1 ) as well as the caspase inhibitor p35 Based on this collection of corroborating evidence, we suggest that an overarching function of hnt involves the positive regulation of EGFR signaling.
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Szablewski K, Reed BH. Overexpression of hindsight in sensory organ precursors is associated with a transformation of campaniform sensilla to microchaetae in the Drosophila wing. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2019; 2019:10.17912/micropub.biology.000103. [PMID: 32550447 PMCID: PMC7252329 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce H Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1,
Correspondence to: Bruce H Reed ()
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Ghartey-Kwansah G, Li Z, Feng R, Wang L, Zhou X, Chen FZ, Xu MM, Jones O, Mu Y, Chen S, Bryant J, Isaacs WB, Ma J, Xu X. Comparative analysis of FKBP family protein: evaluation, structure, and function in mammals and Drosophila melanogaster. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:7. [PMID: 29587629 PMCID: PMC5870485 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) have become the subject of considerable interest in several fields, leading to the identification of several cellular and molecular pathways in which FKBPs impact prenatal development and pathogenesis of many human diseases. Main body This analysis revealed differences between how mammalian and Drosophila FKBPs mechanisms function in relation to the immunosuppressant drugs, FK506 and rapamycin. Differences that could be used to design insect-specific pesticides. (1) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of FKBP family proteins revealed that the eight known Drosophila FKBPs share homology with the human FKBP12. This indicates a close evolutionary relationship, and possible origination from a common ancestor. (2) The known FKBPs contain FK domains, that is, a prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) domain that mediates immune suppression through inhibition of calcineurin. The dFKBP59, CG4735/Shutdown, CG1847, and CG5482 have a Tetratricopeptide receptor domain at the C-terminus, which regulates transcription and protein transportation. (3) FKBP51 and FKBP52 (dFKBP59), along with Cyclophilin 40 and protein phosphatase 5, function as Hsp90 immunophilin co-chaperones within steroid receptor-Hsp90 heterocomplexes. These immunophilins are potential drug targets in pathways associated with normal physiology and may be used to treat a variety of steroid-based diseases by targeting exocytic/endocytic cycling and vesicular trafficking. (4) By associating with presinilin, a critical component of the Notch signaling pathway, FKBP14 is a downstream effector of Notch activation at the membrane. Meanwhile, Shutdown associates with transposons in the PIWI-interacting RNA pathway, playing a crucial role in both germ cells and ovarian somas. Mutations in or silencing of dFKBPs lead to early embryonic lethality in Drosophila. Therefore, further understanding the mechanisms of FK506 and rapamycin binding to immunophilin FKBPs in endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological function in both mammals and Drosophila would provide prospects in generating unique, insect specific therapeutics targeting the above cellular signaling pathways. Conclusion This review will evaluate the functional roles of FKBP family proteins, and systematically summarize the similarities and differences between FKBP proteins in Drosophila and Mammals. Specific therapeutics targeting cellular signaling pathways will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Ghartey-Kwansah
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Zhongguang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Rui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Liyang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Meng Meng Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Odell Jones
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Joseph Bryant
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Jianjie Ma
- Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xuehong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, Xi'an, 710062, China. .,Laboratory of Cell Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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Banerjee JJ, Aerne BL, Holder MV, Hauri S, Gstaiger M, Tapon N. Meru couples planar cell polarity with apical-basal polarity during asymmetric cell division. eLife 2017; 6:e25014. [PMID: 28665270 PMCID: PMC5493435 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarity is a shared feature of most cells. In epithelia, apical-basal polarity often coexists, and sometimes intersects with planar cell polarity (PCP), which orients cells in the epithelial plane. From a limited set of core building blocks (e.g. the Par complexes for apical-basal polarity and the Frizzled/Dishevelled complex for PCP), a diverse array of polarized cells and tissues are generated. This suggests the existence of little-studied tissue-specific factors that rewire the core polarity modules to the appropriate conformation. In Drosophila sensory organ precursors (SOPs), the core PCP components initiate the planar polarization of apical-basal determinants, ensuring asymmetric division into daughter cells of different fates. We show that Meru, a RASSF9/RASSF10 homologue, is expressed specifically in SOPs, recruited to the posterior cortex by Frizzled/Dishevelled, and in turn polarizes the apical-basal polarity factor Bazooka (Par3). Thus, Meru belongs to a class of proteins that act cell/tissue-specifically to remodel the core polarity machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Banerjee
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Birgit L Aerne
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maxine V Holder
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Hauri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Gstaiger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Competence Center Personalized Medicine UZH/ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Telonis-Scott M, Gane M, DeGaris S, Sgrò CM, Hoffmann AA. High resolution mapping of candidate alleles for desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster under selection. Mol Biol Evol 2011; 29:1335-51. [PMID: 22130970 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to counter periods of low humidity is an important determinant of distribution range in Drosophila. Climate specialists with low physiological tolerance to desiccation stress are restricted to the tropics and may lack the ability to further increase resistance through evolution. Although the physiological adaptations to desiccation stress are well studied in Drosophila and other ectotherms, factors underlying evolutionary responses remain unknown because of a paucity of genetic data. We address this issue by mapping evolutionary shifts in D. melanogaster under selection for desiccation resistance. Genomic DNA from five independent replicate selected, and control lines were hybridized to high density Affymetrix Drosophila tiling arrays resulting in the detection of 691 single feature polymorphisms (SFPs) differing between the treatments. While randomly distributed throughout the genome, the SFPs formed specific clusters according to gene ontology. These included genes involved in ion transport and respiratory system development that provide candidates for evolutionary changes involving excretory and respiratory water balance. Changes to genes related to neuronal control of cell signaling, development, and gene regulation provide candidates to explore novel biological processes in stress resistance. Sequencing revealed the nucleotide shifts in a subset of the SFPs and highlighted larger regions of genomic diversity surrounding SFPs. The association between natural desiccation resistance and a 463-bp region of the 5' promoter region of the Dys gene undergoing allele frequency changes in response to selection in the experimental evolution lines was tested in an independent population from Coffs Harbour, Australia. The allele frequencies of 23 SNPs common to the two populations were inferred from the parents of the 10% most and 10% least resistant Coffs Harbour flies. The frequencies of the selected alleles were higher at all sites, with three sites significantly associated with the resistant Coffs Harbour flies. This study illustrates how rapid mapping can be used for discovering natural molecular variants associated with survival to low humidity and provides a wealth of candidate alleles to explore the genetic basis of physiological differences among resistant and susceptible Drosophila populations and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Telonis-Scott
- Department of Genetics, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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zur Lage PI, Simpson TI, Jarman A. Linking specification to differentiation: From proneural genes to the regulation of ciliogenesis. Fly (Austin) 2011; 5:322-6. [PMID: 21558799 DOI: 10.4161/fly.5.4.16159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of developmental biology is concerned with the processes by which cells become committed to particular fates in a regulated fashion, whereas cell biology addresses, among other things, the variety of differentiated forms and functions that cells can acquire. One open question is how the regulators of the former process lead to attainment of the latter. 'High-level' regulators of cell fate specification include the proneural factors, which drive cells to commit as precursors in the sensory nervous system. Recent research has concentrated on the gene expression events downstream of proneural factor function. Here we summarise this research and describe our own research that has provided clear links between a proneural factor, atonal, and the cell biological programme of ciliogenesis, which is a central aspect of sensory neuron differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra I zur Lage
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Koto A, Kuranaga E, Miura M. Apoptosis Ensures Spacing Pattern Formation of Drosophila Sensory Organs. Curr Biol 2011; 21:278-87. [PMID: 21276725 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
An internal time-keeping mechanism has been observed in almost every organism studied from archaea to humans. This circadian clock provides a competitive advantage in fitness and survival ( 18, 30, 95, 129, 137 ). Researchers have uncovered the molecular composition of this internal clock by combining enzymology, molecular biology, genetics, and modeling approaches. However, understanding the mechanistic link between the clock and output responses has been elusive. In three model organisms, Arabidopsis thaliana, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus, whole-genome expression arrays have enabled researchers to investigate how maintaining a time-keeping mechanism connects to an adaptive advantage. Here, we review the impacts transcriptomics have had on our understanding of the clock and how this molecular clock connects with system-level circadian responses. We explore the discoveries made possible by high-throughput RNA assays, the network approaches used to investigate these large transcript datasets, and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen J Doherty
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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