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Chu W, Prodromou R, Day KN, Schneible JD, Bacon KB, Bowen JD, Kilgore RE, Catella CM, Moore BD, Mabe MD, Alashoor K, Xu Y, Xiao Y, Menegatti S. Peptides and pseudopeptide ligands: a powerful toolbox for the affinity purification of current and next-generation biotherapeutics. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461632. [PMID: 33333349 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following the consolidation of therapeutic proteins in the fight against cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases, recent advancements in biochemistry and biotechnology have introduced a host of next-generation biotherapeutics, such as CRISPR-Cas nucleases, stem and car-T cells, and viral vectors for gene therapy. With these drugs entering the clinical pipeline, a new challenge lies ahead: how to manufacture large quantities of high-purity biotherapeutics that meet the growing demand by clinics and biotech companies worldwide. The protein ligands employed by the industry are inadequate to confront this challenge: while featuring high binding affinity and selectivity, these ligands require laborious engineering and expensive manufacturing, are prone to biochemical degradation, and pose safety concerns related to their bacterial origin. Peptides and pseudopeptides make excellent candidates to form a new cohort of ligands for the purification of next-generation biotherapeutics. Peptide-based ligands feature excellent target biorecognition, low or no toxicity and immunogenicity, and can be manufactured affordably at large scale. This work presents a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature on peptide-based ligands and their use in the affinity purification of established and upcoming biological drugs. A comparative analysis is first presented on peptide engineering principles, the development of ligands targeting different biomolecular targets, and the promises and challenges connected to the industrial implementation of peptide ligands. The reviewed literature is organized in (i) conventional (α-)peptides targeting antibodies and other therapeutic proteins, gene therapy products, and therapeutic cells; (ii) cyclic peptides and pseudo-peptides for protein purification and capture of viral and bacterial pathogens; and (iii) the forefront of peptide mimetics, such as β-/γ-peptides, peptoids, foldamers, and stimuli-responsive peptides for advanced processing of biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenning Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Raphael Prodromou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kevin N Day
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Schneible
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kaitlyn B Bacon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - John D Bowen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Ryan E Kilgore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Carly M Catella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Brandyn D Moore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Matthew D Mabe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606
| | - Kawthar Alashoor
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642
| | - Yiman Xu
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxin Xiao
- College of Textile, Donghua University, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefano Menegatti
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way room 2-009, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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Xu H, Cao B, Li Y, Mao C. Phage nanofibers in nanomedicine: Biopanning for early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and proteomics analysis. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1623. [PMID: 32147974 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Display of a peptide or protein of interest on the filamentous phage (also known as bacteriophage), a biological nanofiber, has opened a new route for disease diagnosis and therapy as well as proteomics. Earlier phage display was widely used in protein-protein or antigen-antibody studies. In recent years, its application in nanomedicine is becoming increasingly popular and encouraging. We aim to review the current status in this research direction. For better understanding, we start with a brief introduction of basic biology and structure of the filamentous phage. We present the principle of phage display and library construction method on the basis of the filamentous phage. We summarize the use of the phage displayed peptide library for selecting peptides with high affinity against cells or tissues. We then review the recent applications of the selected cell or tissue targeting peptides in developing new targeting probes and therapeutics to advance the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of different diseases in nanomedicine. We also discuss the integration of antibody phage display and modern proteomics in discovering new biomarkers or target proteins for disease diagnosis and therapy. Finally, we propose an outlook for further advancing the potential impact of phage display on future nanomedicine. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Binrui Cao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Photosensitive nanocarriers for specific delivery of cargo into cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2110. [PMID: 32034197 PMCID: PMC7005817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoencapsulation is a rapidly expanding technology to enclose cargo into inert material at the nanoscale size, which protects cargo from degradation, improves bioavailability and allows for controlled release. Encapsulation of drugs into functional nanocarriers enhances their specificity, targeting ability, efficiency, and effectiveness. Functionality may come from cell targeting biomolecules that direct nanocarriers to a specific cell or tissue. Delivery is usually mediated by diffusion and erosion mechanisms, but in some cases, this is not sufficient to reach the expected therapeutic effects. This work reports on the development of a new photoresponsive polymeric nanocarrier (PNc)-based nanobioconjugate (NBc) for specific photo-delivery of cargo into target cells. We readily synthesized the PNcs by modification of chitosan with ultraviolet (UV)-photosensitive azobenzene molecules, with Nile red and dofetilide as cargo models to prove the encapsulation/release concept. The PNcs were further functionalized with the cardiac targeting transmembrane peptide and efficiently internalized into cardiomyocytes, as a cell line model. Intracellular cargo-release was dramatically accelerated upon a very short UV-light irradiation time. Delivering cargo in a time-space controlled fashion by means of NBcs is a promising strategy to increase the intracellular cargo concentration, to decrease dose and cargo side effects, thereby improving the effectiveness of a therapeutic regime.
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Andrieu J, Re F, Russo L, Nicotra F. Phage-displayed peptides targeting specific tissues and organs. J Drug Target 2018; 27:555-565. [DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2018.1531419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josu Andrieu
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Re
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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5
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Abstract
Novel affinity agents with high specificity are needed to make progress in disease diagnosis and therapy. Over the last several years, peptides have been considered to have fundamental benefits over other affinity agents, such as antibodies, due to their fast blood clearance, low immunogenicity, rapid tissue penetration, and reproducible chemical synthesis. These features make peptides ideal affinity agents for applications in disease diagnostics and therapeutics for a wide variety of afflictions. Virus-derived peptide techniques provide a rapid, robust, and high-throughput way to identify organism-targeting peptides with high affinity and selectivity. Here, we will review viral peptide display techniques, how these techniques have been utilized to select new organism-targeting peptides, and their numerous biomedical applications with an emphasis on targeted imaging, diagnosis, and therapeutic techniques. In the future, these virus-derived peptides may be used as common diagnosis and therapeutics tools in local clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Yang
- Institute of Applied Bioresource Research, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Kegan Sunderland
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chuanbin Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Science Research Center, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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Zhan Y, Yan J, Wu M, Guo L, Lin Z, Qiu B, Chen G, Wong KY. Boron nitride nanosheets as a platform for fluorescence sensing. Talanta 2017; 174:365-371. [PMID: 28738593 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS), one kind of inorganic graphene analogue, exhibit high fluorescence quenching ability via the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) and different affinity toward single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). As a proof of concept, the BNNS was first used as a sensing platform for the rapid detection of DNA and small molecules with high sensitivity and selectivity in this study. This strategy is versatile and quick fluorescence sensing of DNA and extensive DNA related analytes such as metal cations and small molecules. Moreover, this strategy might be available for the practical application in future. This work provides an avenue for understanding the interaction between two-dimensional nanomaterials and biomolecules and designing novel sensing strategies for extending the applications of nanomaterials in bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjin Zhan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Mei Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Longhua Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Guonan Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and the State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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7
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Martins IM, Reis RL, Azevedo HS. Phage Display Technology in Biomaterials Engineering: Progress and Opportunities for Applications in Regenerative Medicine. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2962-2980. [PMID: 27661443 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine has been gaining momentum steadily over the past few years. The emphasis in regenerative medicine is to use various in vitro and in vivo approaches that leverage the intrinsic healing mechanisms of the body to treat patients with disabling injuries and chronic diseases such as diabetes, osteoarthritis, and degenerative disorders of the cardiovascular and central nervous system. Phage display has been successfully employed to identify peptide ligands for a wide variety of targets, ranging from relatively small molecules (enzymes, cell receptors) to inorganic, organic, and biological (tissues) materials. Over the past two decades, phage display technology has advanced tremendously and has become a powerful tool in the most varied fields of research, including biotechnology, materials science, cell biology, pharmacology, and diagnostics. The growing interest in and success of phage display libraries is largely due to its incredible versatility and practical use. This review discusses the potential of phage display technology in biomaterials engineering for applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivone M. Martins
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of
the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Medicine, AvePark, 4805-717 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- CEB − Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of
the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Medicine, AvePark, 4805-717 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena S. Azevedo
- 3B’s Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of
the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative
Medicine, AvePark, 4805-717 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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8
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Zha J, Liu XM, Zhu J, Liu SY, Lu S, Xu PX, Yu XL, Liu RT. A scFv antibody targeting common oligomeric epitope has potential for treating several amyloidoses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36631. [PMID: 27824125 PMCID: PMC5100551 DOI: 10.1038/srep36631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Overproduction or poor clearance of amyloids lead to amyloid aggregation and even amyloidosis development. Different amyloids may interact synergistically to promote their aggregation and accelerate pathology in amyloidoses. Amyloid oligomers assembled from different amyloids share common structures and epitopes, and are considered the most toxic species in the pathologic processes of amyloidoses, which suggests that an agent targeting the common epitope of toxic oligomers could provide benefit to several amyloidoses. In this study, we firstly showed that an oligomer-specific single-chain variable fragment antibody, W20 simultaneously improved motor and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease mouse models, and attenuated a number of neuropathological features by reducing α-synuclein and mutant huntingtin protein aggregate load and preventing synaptic degeneration. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in vivo were also markedly inhibited. The proposed strategy targeting the common epitopes of amyloid oligomers presents promising potential for treating Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other amyloidoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Xin Xu
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Yu G, Tan Y, He X, Qin Y, Liang J. CLAVATA3 dodecapeptide modified CdTe nanoparticles: a biocompatible quantum dot probe for in vivo labeling of plant stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89241. [PMID: 24586624 PMCID: PMC3933426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CLAVATA3 (CLV3) dodecapeptides function in plant stem cell maintenance, but CLV3 function in cell-cell communication remains less clear. Here, we coupled CLV3 dodecapeptides to synthesized CdTe nanoparticles to track their bioactivity on stem cells in the root apical meristem. To achieve this, we first synthesized CdTe quantum dots (QDs) using a one-pot method, and then evaluated the cytotoxicity of the QDs in BY-2 cells. The results showed that QDs in plant cells must be used at low concentrations and for short treatment time. To make biocompatible probes to track stem cell fate, we conjugated CLV3 dodecapeptides to the QDs by the zero-coupling method; this modification greatly reduced the cytotoxicity of the QDs. Furthermore, we detected CLV3-QDs localized on the cell membrane, consistent with the known localization of CLV3. Our results indicate that using surface-modified QDs at low concentrations and for short time treatment can improve their utility for plant cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Life Sciences, Hubei provincial Key laboratory for protection and application of special plants in Wuling Area of China, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanping Tan
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Life Sciences, Hubei provincial Key laboratory for protection and application of special plants in Wuling Area of China, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangzhu He
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, South-Central University for Natonalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghua Qin
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Life Sciences, Hubei provincial Key laboratory for protection and application of special plants in Wuling Area of China, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiangong Liang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Powell Gray
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
| | - Kathlynn C. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine and The Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-8807, United States
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11
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Zhao W, Jin L, Yuan H, Tan Z, Zhou C, Li LS, Ma L. Targeting human embryonic stem cells with quantum dot-conjugated phages. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3134. [PMID: 24190250 PMCID: PMC3817438 DOI: 10.1038/srep03134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is important for ESC labeling, drug delivery and cell fate control. In this study, we identified twenty-two phage clones that bind specifically to the hESC cell line X-01, which was derived from human blastocysts of Chinese origin. One phage (H178), which displays the sequence VGGEAWSSPTDL, showed higher binding affinity to hESCs than to a monkey ES cell line (RS366.4) and two mouse ES cell lines (R1 and E14). Using quantum dots (QDs) conjugated to the H178 phage, we demonstrate that the phage can specifically bind to hESCs in vitro. Our results suggest a possible interaction between the selected peptide and the stem cell extracellular matrix (ECM). The selection method described here allows rapid and efficient screening of unique phage clones and targeting cells. The phages displaying peptides identified by this study have potential applications for cargo delivery and receptor studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhao
- Division of Life Science & Health, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Gao Y, Cui Y, Chan JKY, Xu C. Stem cell tracking with optically active nanoparticles. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2013; 3:232-246. [PMID: 23638335 PMCID: PMC3627520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies hold promise and potential to address many unmet clinical needs. Cell tracking with modern imaging modalities offers insight into the underlying biological process of the stem-cell-based therapies, with the goal to reveal cell survival, migration, homing, engraftment, differentiation, and functions. Adaptability, sensitivity, resolution, and non-invasiveness have contributed to the longstanding use of optical imaging for stem cell tracking and analysis. To identify transplanted stem cells from the host tissue, optically active probes are usually used to label stem cells before the administration. In comparison to the traditional fluorescent probes like fluorescent proteins and dyes, nanoparticle-based probes are advantageous in terms of the photo-stabilities and minimal changes to the cell phenotype. The main focus here is to overview the recent development of optically active nanoparticles for stem cells tracking. The related optical imaging modalities include fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging, Raman and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Division of BioEngineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Yan Cui
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
| | - Jerry KY Chan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women’s and Children’s HospitalSingapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical SchoolSingapore
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Division of BioEngineering, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore
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13
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Bignone PA, Krupa RA, Sternberg H, Funk WD, Snyder EY, West MD, Larocca D. Identification of human embryonic progenitor cell targeting peptides using phage display. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58200. [PMID: 23483995 PMCID: PMC3587414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem (hPS) cells are capable of differentiation into derivatives of all three primary embryonic germ layers and can self-renew indefinitely. They therefore offer a potentially scalable source of replacement cells to treat a variety of degenerative diseases. The ability to reprogram adult cells to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has now enabled the possibility of patient-specific hPS cells as a source of cells for disease modeling, drug discovery, and potentially, cell replacement therapies. While reprogramming technology has dramatically increased the availability of normal and diseased hPS cell lines for basic research, a major bottleneck is the critical unmet need for more efficient methods of deriving well-defined cell populations from hPS cells. Phage display is a powerful method for selecting affinity ligands that could be used for identifying and potentially purifying a variety of cell types derived from hPS cells. However, identification of specific progenitor cell-binding peptides using phage display may be hindered by the large cellular heterogeneity present in differentiating hPS cell populations. We therefore tested the hypothesis that peptides selected for their ability to bind a clonal cell line derived from hPS cells would bind early progenitor cell types emerging from differentiating hPS cells. The human embryonic stem (hES) cell-derived embryonic progenitor cell line, W10, was used and cell-targeting peptides were identified. Competition studies demonstrated specificity of peptide binding to the target cell surface. Efficient peptide targeted cell labeling was accomplished using multivalent peptide-quantum dot complexes as detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The cell-binding peptides were selective for differentiated hPS cells, had little or no binding on pluripotent cells, but preferential binding to certain embryonic progenitor cell lines and early endodermal hPS cell derivatives. Taken together these data suggest that selection of phage display libraries against a clonal progenitor stem cell population can be used to identify progenitor stem cell targeting peptides. The peptides may be useful for monitoring hPS cell differentiation and for the development of cell enrichment procedures to improve the efficiency of directed differentiation toward clinically relevant human cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A. Bignone
- Mandala Biosciences LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel A. Krupa
- Mandala Biosciences LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Hal Sternberg
- BioTime Inc., Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Walter D. Funk
- BioTime Inc., Alameda, California, United States of America
| | - Evan Y. Snyder
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - David Larocca
- Mandala Biosciences LLC, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Paspala SA, Vishwakarma SK, Murthy TV, Rao TN, Khan AA. Potential role of stem cells in severe spinal cord injury: current perspectives and clinical data. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2012; 5:15-27. [PMID: 24198535 PMCID: PMC3781762 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s28477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury (SCI) along with new pharmacotherapy research offers the potential to restore function and ease the associated social and economic burden in the years ahead. Various sources of stem cells have been used in the treatment of SCI, but the most convincing results have been obtained with neural progenitor cells in preclinical models. Although the use of cell-based transplantation strategies for the repair of chronic SCI remains the long sought after holy grail, these approaches have been to date the most successful when applied in the subacute phase of injury. Application of cell-based strategies for the repair and regeneration of the chronically injured spinal cord will require a combinational strategy that may need to include approaches to overcome the effects of the glial scar, inhibitory molecules, and use of tissue engineering strategies to bridge the lesion. Nonetheless, cell transplantation strategies are promising, and it is anticipated that the Phase I clinical trials of some form of neural stem cell-based approach in SCI will commence very soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ab Paspala
- PAN Research Foundation, CARE, Hyderabad, India ; The Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
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15
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de Mel A, Oh JT, Ramesh B, Seifalian AM. Biofunctionalized quantum dots for live monitoring of stem cells: applications in regenerative medicine. Regen Med 2012; 7:335-47. [PMID: 22594327 DOI: 10.2217/rme.12.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to live monitor the degree of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) integration onto tissue-engineering scaffolds by conjugating relevant antibodies to quantum dots (QDs). MATERIALS & METHODS Biocompatible mercaptosuccinic acid-coated QDs were functionalized with two different antibodies to EPC (CD133 with QDs of 640 nm wavelength [λ] and later-stage mature EPCs; and von Willebrand factor with QDs of λ595 and λ555 nm) using conventional carbomide and N-hydroxysuccinimide chemistry. Biofunctionalization was characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Cell viability assays and gross morphology observations confirmed cytocompatibility and normal patterns of celluar growth. The antigens corresponding to each state of cell maturation were determined using a single excitation at λ488 nm. RESULTS The optimal concentrations of antibody-QD conjugates were biocompatible, hemocompatible and determined the state of EPC transformation to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION Antibody-functionalized QDs suggest new applications in tissue engineering of polymer-based implants where cell integration can potentially be monitored without requiring the sacrifice of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- UCL Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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16
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Bazan J, Całkosiński I, Gamian A. Phage display--a powerful technique for immunotherapy: 1. Introduction and potential of therapeutic applications. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1817-28. [PMID: 22906939 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most effective molecular diversity techniques is phage display. This technology is based on a direct linkage between phage phenotype and its encapsulated genotype, which leads to presentation of molecule libraries on the phage surface. Phage display is utilized in studying protein-ligand interactions, receptor binding sites and in improving or modifying the affinity of proteins for their binding partners. Generating monoclonal antibodies and improving their affinity, cloning antibodies from unstable hybridoma cells and identifying epitopes, mimotopes and functional or accessible sites from antigens are also important advantages of this technology. Techniques originating from phage display have been applied to transfusion medicine, neurological disorders, mapping vascular addresses and tissue homing of peptides. Phages have been applicable to immunization therapies, which may lead to development of new tools used for treating autoimmune and cancer diseases. This review describes the phage display technology and presents the recent advancements in therapeutic applications of phage display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bazan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry; Wroclaw Medical University; Wroclaw, Poland.
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17
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18
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X-ray microscopy and tomography detect the accumulation of bare and PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in normal and tumor mouse tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 404:1287-96. [PMID: 22918568 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6217-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that, with appropriate staining, high-resolution X-ray microscopy can image complicated tissue structures--cerebellum and liver--and resolve large or small amounts of Au nanoparticles in these tissues. Specifically, images of tumor tissue reveal high concentrations of accumulated Au nanoparticles. PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)) coating is quite effective in enhancing this accumulation and significantly modifies the mechanism of uptake by reticuloendothelial system (RES) organs.
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19
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Zhao W, Ji X, Zhang F, Li L, Ma L. Embryonic stem cell markers. Molecules 2012; 17:6196-236. [PMID: 22634835 PMCID: PMC6268870 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17066196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers are molecules specifically expressed in ES cells. Understanding of the functions of these markers is critical for characterization and elucidation for the mechanism of ESC pluripotent maintenance and self-renewal, therefore helping to accelerate the clinical application of ES cells. Unfortunately, different cell types can share single or sometimes multiple markers; thus the main obstacle in the clinical application of ESC is to purify ES cells from other types of cells, especially tumor cells. Currently, the marker-based flow cytometry (FCM) technique and magnetic cell sorting (MACS) are the most effective cell isolating methods, and a detailed maker list will help to initially identify, as well as isolate ESCs using these methods. In the current review, we discuss a wide range of cell surface and generic molecular markers that are indicative of the undifferentiated ESCs. Other types of molecules, such as lectins and peptides, which bind to ESC via affinity and specificity, are also summarized. In addition, we review several markers that overlap with tumor stem cells (TSCs), which suggest that uncertainty still exists regarding the benefits of using these markers alone or in various combinations when identifying and isolating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhao
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (X.J.); (F.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiang Ji
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (X.J.); (F.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (X.J.); (F.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Li
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (X.J.); (F.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Life Science Division, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (W.Z.); (X.J.); (F.Z.); (L.L.)
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20
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Vendrell M, Zhai D, Er JC, Chang YT. Combinatorial strategies in fluorescent probe development. Chem Rev 2012; 112:4391-420. [PMID: 22616565 DOI: 10.1021/cr200355j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Vendrell
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, 138667 Singapore.
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21
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Leung L. Cellular therapies for treating pain associated with spinal cord injury. J Transl Med 2012; 10:37. [PMID: 22394650 PMCID: PMC3320547 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury leads to immense disability and loss of quality of life in human with no satisfactory clinical cure. Cell-based or cell-related therapies have emerged as promising therapeutic potentials both in regeneration of spinal cord and mitigation of neuropathic pain due to spinal cord injury. This article reviews the various options and their latest developments with an update on their therapeutic potentials and clinical trialing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Leung
- Centre of Neurosciences Study, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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22
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Rak-Raszewska A, Marcello M, Kenny S, Edgar D, Sée V, Murray P. Quantum dots do not affect the behaviour of mouse embryonic stem cells and kidney stem cells and are suitable for short-term tracking. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32650. [PMID: 22403689 PMCID: PMC3293847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are small nanocrystals widely used for labelling cells in order to enable cell tracking in complex environments in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. They present many advantages over traditional fluorescent markers as they are resistant to photobleaching and have narrow emission spectra. Although QDs have been used effectively in cell tracking applications, their suitability has been questioned by reports showing they can affect stem cell behaviour and can be transferred to neighbouring cells. Using a variety of cellular and molecular biology techniques, we have investigated the effect of QDs on the proliferation and differentiation potential of two stem cell types: mouse embryonic stem cells and tissue-specific stem cells derived from mouse kidney. We have also tested if QDs released from living or dead cells can be taken up by neighbouring cells, and we have determined if QDs affect the degree of cell-cell fusion; this information is critical in order to assess the suitability of QDs for stem cell tracking. We show here that QDs have no effect on the viability, proliferation or differentiation potential of the two stem cell types. Furthermore, we show that the extent of transfer of QDs to neighbouring cells is <4%, and that QDs do not increase the degree of cell-cell fusion. However, although the QDs have a high labelling efficiency (>85%), they are rapidly depleted from both stem cell populations. Taken together, our results suggest that QDs are effective cell labelling probes that are suitable for short-term stem cell tracking.
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23
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Adamczak J, Hoehn M. In vivo imaging of cell transplants in experimental ischemia. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2012. [PMID: 23186710 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59544-7.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of stem cells for regeneration after cerebral lesion has become of great interest. This is particularly so for neurodegenerative diseases as well as for stroke. Contrary to more conventional, cerebroprotective treatment approaches, the focus of regeneration lies in a longer time window during the chronic phase of the lesion evolution. Thus, in order to assess the true potential of a treatment strategy and to investigate the underlying mechanisms, observation of the temporal profile of both the cell dynamics as well as the organ response to the treatment is of paramount importance. This need for intraindividual longitudinal studies can be optimally met by the application of noninvasive imaging modalities. This chapter presents in breadth the potential of noninvasive imaging modalities for cell tracking with application focus to experimental stroke. While the lion's share of discussed studies is based on MRI, we have also included the contributions of positron emission tomography and of the increasingly important optical imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Adamczak
- Max-Planck-Institute for Neurological Research, In vivo NMR, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Derda R, Tang SKY, Li SC, Ng S, Matochko W, Jafari MR. Diversity of phage-displayed libraries of peptides during panning and amplification. Molecules 2011; 16:1776-803. [PMID: 21339712 PMCID: PMC6259649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16021776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The amplification of phage-displayed libraries is an essential step in the selection of ligands from these libraries. The amplification of libraries, however, decreases their diversity and limits the number of binding clones that a screen can identify. While this decrease might not be a problem for screens against targets with a single binding site (e.g., proteins), it can severely hinder the identification of useful ligands for targets with multiple binding sites (e.g., cells). This review aims to characterize the loss in the diversity of libraries during amplification. Analysis of the peptide sequences obtained in several hundred screens of peptide libraries shows explicitly that there is a significant decrease in library diversity that occurs during the amplification of phage in bacteria. This loss during amplification is not unique to specific libraries: it is observed in many of the phage display systems we have surveyed. The loss in library diversity originates from competition among phage clones in a common pool of bacteria. Based on growth data from the literature and models of phage growth, we show that this competition originates from growth rate differences of only a few percent for different phage clones. We summarize the findings using a simple two-dimensional "phage phase diagram", which describes how the collapse of libraries, due to panning and amplification, leads to the identification of only a subset of the available ligands. This review also highlights techniques that allow elimination of amplification-induced losses of diversity, and how these techniques can be used to improve phage-display selection and enable the identification of novel ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratmir Derda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2G2, Canada.
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25
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Phage display: selecting straws instead of a needle from a haystack. Molecules 2011; 16:790-817. [PMID: 21248664 PMCID: PMC6259164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of peptides with specific binding affinity to various protein and even non-protein targets are being discovered from phage display libraries. The power of this method lies in its ability to efficiently and rapidly identify ligands with a desired target property from a large population of phage clones displaying diverse surface peptides. However, the search for the needle in the haystack does not always end successfully. False positive results may appear. Thus instead of specific binders phage with no actual affinity toward the target are recovered due to their propagation advantages or binding to other components of the screening system, such as the solid phase, capturing reagents, contaminants in the target sample or blocking agents, rather than the target. Biopanning experiments on different targets performed in our laboratory revealed some previously identified and many new target-unrelated peptide sequences, which have already been frequently described and published, but not yet recognized as target-unrelated. Distinguishing true binders from false positives is an important step toward phage display selections of greater integrity. This article thoroughly reviews and discusses already identified and new target-unrelated peptides and suggests strategies to avoid their isolation.
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26
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Zhao S, Zhao W, Ma L. Novel peptide ligands that bind specifically to mouse embryonic stem cells. Peptides 2010; 31:2027-34. [PMID: 20713104 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The search for new ES cell markers is critical not only for identification, isolation and visualization of embryonic stem (ES) cells, but also for potential clinical treatment as a targeting agent. Here, by using phage display technology, 12-mer peptide ligands that bind specifically to mouse ES cells were isolated. After four rounds of negative-positive selection, nine sequences in 20 random samples from the chosen clones were selected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results suggested the Seq2 peptide (KHMHWHPPALNT) had high affinity and specificity to the mouse ES cells. The binding capability of the Seq2 phage could be matched with that of a chemically synthesized peptide with a sequence identical to that displayed by the phage, indicating that this ability was due to the peptide sequence itself. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that Seq2 phage selectively bound to the mouse ES cells but not to the differentiated mouse ES cells. Western blot analysis proved the Seq2 phage was bound to two mouse ES membrane proteins which were about 18/20KD, suggesting that the selected peptide targeted to a unique receptor expressed on the mouse ES cells with specificity. Peptides obtained from the study may provide a way to label, identify, and characterize ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijuan Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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