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Qami AE, Jismy B, El Hakmaoui A, Akssira M, Abarbri M. Cu/Pd‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐(1,2,3‐Triazolyl)methyl‐3‐alkynylImidazo[1,2‐
a
]pyridines Involving Sequential SN Reaction/[3+2] Cycloaddition/Sonogashira Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202102228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkarim El Qami
- Department of chemistry Université de Tours. Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Avenue Monge, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
- Department of chemistry Université Hassan II de Casablanca Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique, URAC 22 BP Casablanca, 146 28800 Mohammedia Morocco
| | - Badr Jismy
- Department of chemistry Université de Tours. Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Avenue Monge, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
| | - Ahmed El Hakmaoui
- Department of chemistry Université Hassan II de Casablanca Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique, URAC 22 BP Casablanca, 146 28800 Mohammedia Morocco
| | - Mohamed Akssira
- Department of chemistry Université Hassan II de Casablanca Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et de Chimie Bioorganique, URAC 22 BP Casablanca, 146 28800 Mohammedia Morocco
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Department of chemistry Université de Tours. Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E) EA 6299 Avenue Monge, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont 37200 Tours France
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2
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Bie F, Wang K, Xu T, Yuan J, Ding H, Lv B, Liu Y, Lan M. The potential roles of circular RNAs as modulators in traumatic spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111826. [PMID: 34328121 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) may cause long-term physical impairment and bring a substantial burden to both the individual patient and society. Existing therapeutic approaches for SCI have proven inadequate. This is mainly owing to the incomplete understanding of the cellular and molecular events post-injury. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a new class of non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed annular structure that participates in regulating the transcription of certain genes and are linked to various biological processes and diseases. Mounting evidence is indicative that circRNAs are highly expressed in the spinal cord and they play key roles in multiple processes of neurological diseases. Recently, a role for circRNAs as effectors of SCI has emerged, leading to the continuity of relevant research. In this review, we presented current studies with regards to the abnormality of circRNAs mediating SCI by affecting mechanisms of autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, and neural regeneration. Furthermore, the potential clinical value of circRNAs as therapeutic targets of SCI was also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Bie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
| | - Kaiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
| | - Jishan Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
| | - Hua Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
| | - Bin Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China; Department of Orthopedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Yuwen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China.
| | - Min Lan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, China.
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Paramos-de-Carvalho D, Martins I, Cristóvão AM, Dias AF, Neves-Silva D, Pereira T, Chapela D, Farinho A, Jacinto A, Saúde L. Targeting senescent cells improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109334. [PMID: 34233184 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent senescent cells (SCs) are known to underlie aging-related chronic disorders, but it is now recognized that SCs may be at the center of tissue remodeling events, namely during development or organ repair. In this study, we show that two distinct senescence profiles are induced in the context of a spinal cord injury between the regenerative zebrafish and the scarring mouse. Whereas induced SCs in zebrafish are progressively cleared out, they accumulate over time in mice. Depletion of SCs in spinal-cord-injured mice, with different senolytic drugs, improves locomotor, sensory, and bladder functions. This functional recovery is associated with improved myelin sparing, reduced fibrotic scar, and attenuated inflammation, which correlate with a decreased secretion of pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory factors. Targeting SCs is a promising therapeutic strategy not only for spinal cord injuries but potentially for other organs that lack regenerative competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Paramos-de-Carvalho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isaura Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Cristóvão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Dias
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dalila Neves-Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Telmo Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Chapela
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Farinho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Jacinto
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1150-082 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Leonor Saúde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes e Instituto de Histologia e Biologia do Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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4
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Xu ZX, Zhang LQ, Zhou YN, Chen XM, Xu WH. Histological and functional outcomes in a rat model of hemisected spinal cord with sustained VEGF/NT-3 release from tissue-engineered grafts. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 48:362-376. [PMID: 31899965 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1709860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular disturbance, excessive inflammation and gliosis are key pathophysiologic changes in relation to functional status following the traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Continuous release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to the lesion site was proved be able to promote the vascular remodelling, whereas the effects on reduction of inflammation and gliosis remain unclear. Currently, aiming at exploring the synergistic roles of VEGF and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on angiogenesis, anti-inflammation and neural repair, we developed a technique to co-deliver VEGF165 and NT-3 locally with a homotopic graft of tissue-engineered acellular spinal cord scaffold (ASCS) in a hemisected (3 mm in length) SCI model. As the potential in secretion of growth factors (GFs), bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were introduced with the aim to enhance the VEGF/NT-3 release. Our data demonstrate that sustained VEGF/NT-3 release from ASCS significantly increases the local levels of VEGF/NT-3 and angiogenesis, regardless of whether it is in combination with BMSCs transplantation that exhibits positive effects on anti-inflammation, axonal outgrowth and locomotor recovery. This study verifies that co-delivery of VEGF/NT-3 reduces inflammation and gliosis in the hemisected spinal cord, promotes axonal outgrowth and results in better locomotor recovery, while the BMSCs transplantation facilitates these functions limitedly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xing Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Nan Zhou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Min Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Hong Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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Li X, Lou X, Xu S, Du J, Wu J. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) reduced inflammation in spinal cord injury via miR-380-3p/ NLRP3 by Circ 0001723. Biol Res 2020; 53:35. [PMID: 32819442 PMCID: PMC7439692 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-020-00302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe central nervous system trauma. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of HIF-1α on inflammation in spinal cord injury (SCI) to uncover the molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammation. RESULTS HIF-1α was reduced in SCI model rats and HIF-1α activation reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in SCI model rats. Meanwhile, Circ 0001723 expression was down-regulated and miR-380-3p expression was up-regulated in SCI model rats. In vitro model, down-regulation of Circ 0001723 promoted TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels, compared with control negative group. However, over-expression of Circ 0001723 reduced TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18 levels in vitro model. Down-regulation of Circ 0001723 suppressed HIF-1α protein expressions and induced NLRP3 and Caspase-1 protein expressions in vitro model by up-regulation of miR-380-3p. Next, inactivation of HIF-1α reduced the pro-inflammation effects of Circ 0001723 in vitro model. Then, si-NLRP3 also inhibited the pro-inflammation effects of Circ 0001723 in vitro model via promotion of autophagy. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that HIF-1α reduced inflammation in spinal cord injury via miR-380-3p/ NLRP3 by Circ 0001723.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xianfeng Lou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Sanzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Junhua Du
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, No.79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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6
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Nandikolla A, Srinivasarao S, Karan Kumar B, Murugesan S, Aggarwal H, Major LL, Smith TK, Chandra Sekhar KVG. Synthesis, study of antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity of imidazo pyridine fused triazole analogues. RSC Adv 2020; 10:38328-38343. [PMID: 35517538 PMCID: PMC9057266 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07881f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five novel 1,2,3-triazole analogues of imidazo-[1,2-a]-pyridine-3-carboxamides were designed, synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity against L. major and T. brucei parasites, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Nandikolla
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad – 500078
- India
| | - Singireddi Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad – 500078
- India
| | - Banoth Karan Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani
- Pilani Campus
- Pilani-333031
| | - Sankaranarayanan Murugesan
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Department of Pharmacy
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani
- Pilani Campus
- Pilani-333031
| | - Himanshu Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
- Hyderabad Campus
- Hyderabad – 500078
- India
| | - Louise L. Major
- Schools of Biology & Chemistry
- BSRC
- The University, St. Andrews
- Fife
- UK
| | - Terry K. Smith
- Schools of Biology & Chemistry
- BSRC
- The University, St. Andrews
- Fife
- UK
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7
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Sobrido-Cameán D, Barreiro-Iglesias A. Role of Caspase-8 and Fas in Cell Death After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:101. [PMID: 29666570 PMCID: PMC5891576 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes the death of neurons and glial cells due to the initial mechanical forces (i.e., primary injury) and through a cascade of secondary molecular events (e.g., inflammation or excitotoxicity) that exacerbate cell death. The loss of neurons and glial cells that are not replaced after the injury is one of the main causes of disability after SCI. Evidence accumulated in last decades has shown that the activation of apoptotic mechanisms is one of the factors causing the death of intrinsic spinal cord (SC) cells following SCI. Although this is not as clear for brain descending neurons, some studies have also shown that apoptosis can be activated in the brain following SCI. There are two main apoptotic pathways, the extrinsic and the intrinsic pathways. Activation of caspase-8 is an important step in the initiation of the extrinsic pathway. Studies in rodents have shown that caspase-8 is activated in SC glial cells and neurons and that the Fas receptor plays a key role in its activation following a traumatic SCI. Recent work in the lamprey model of SCI has also shown the retrograde activation of caspase-8 in brain descending neurons following SCI. Here, we review our current knowledge on the role of caspase-8 and the Fas pathway in cell death following SCI. We also provide a perspective for future work on this process, like the importance of studying the possible contribution of Fas/caspase-8 signaling in the degeneration of brain neurons after SCI in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sobrido-Cameán
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, CIBUS, Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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8
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Beute J, Lukkes M, Koekoek EP, Nastiti H, Ganesh K, de Bruijn MJ, Hockman S, van Nimwegen M, Braunstahl GJ, Boon L, Lambrecht BN, Manganiello VC, Hendriks RW, KleinJan A. A pathophysiological role of PDE3 in allergic airway inflammation. JCI Insight 2018; 3:94888. [PMID: 29367458 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.94888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and PDE4 regulate levels of cyclic AMP, which are critical in various cell types involved in allergic airway inflammation. Although PDE4 inhibition attenuates allergic airway inflammation, reported side effects preclude its application as an antiasthma drug in humans. Case reports showed that enoximone, which is a smooth muscle relaxant that inhibits PDE3, is beneficial and lifesaving in status asthmaticus and is well tolerated. However, clinical observations also showed antiinflammatory effects of PDE3 inhibition. In this study, we investigated the role of PDE3 in a house dust mite-driven (HDM-driven) allergic airway inflammation (AAI) model that is characterized by T helper 2 cell activation, eosinophilia, and reduced mucosal barrier function. Compared with wild-type (WT) littermates, mice with a targeted deletion of the PDE3A or PDE3B gene showed significantly reduced HDM-driven AAI. Therapeutic intervention in WT mice showed that all hallmarks of HDM-driven AAI were abrogated by the PDE3 inhibitors enoximone and milrinone. Importantly, we found that enoximone also reduced the upregulation of the CD11b integrin on mouse and human eosinophils in vitro, which is crucial for their recruitment during allergic inflammation. This study provides evidence for a hitherto unknown antiinflammatory role of PDE3 inhibition in allergic airway inflammation and offers a potentially novel treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beute
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Lukkes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewout P Koekoek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hedwika Nastiti
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Keerthana Ganesh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Steve Hockman
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland USA
| | - Menno van Nimwegen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Louis Boon
- Epirus Biopharmaceuticals Netherlands Yalelaan, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bart N Lambrecht
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vince C Manganiello
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland USA
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alex KleinJan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, 's-Gravendijkwal, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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9
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Wang YH, Chen J, Zhou J, Nong F, Lv JH, Liu J. Reduced inflammatory cell recruitment and tissue damage in spinal cord injury by acellular spinal cord scaffold seeded with mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Ther Med 2016; 13:203-207. [PMID: 28123490 PMCID: PMC5244979 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy using acellular spinal cord (ASC) scaffolds seeded with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has previously been shown to restore function of the damaged spinal cord and improve functional recovery in a rat model of acute hemisected spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of the present study was to determine whether BMSCs and ASC scaffolds promote the functional recovery of the damaged spinal cord in a rat SCI model through regulation of apoptosis and immune responses. Whether this strategy regulates secondary inflammation, which is characterized by the infiltration of immune cells and inflammatory mediators to the lesion site, in SCI repair was investigated. Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores revealed that treatment with BMSCs seeded into an ASC scaffold led to a significant improvement in motor function recovery compared with treatment with an ASC scaffold alone or untreated controls at 2 and 8 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). Two weeks after transplantation, the BMSCs seeded into an ASC scaffold significantly decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells, as compared with the ASC scaffold only and control groups. These results suggested that the use of BMSCs decreased the apoptosis of neural cells and thereby limited tissue damage at the lesion site. Notably, the use of BMSCs with an ASC scaffold also decreased the recruitment of macrophages (microglia; P<0.05) and T lymphocytes (P<0.05) around the SCI site, as indicated by immunofluorescent markers. By contrast, there was no inhibition of the inflammatory response in the control and ASC scaffold only groups. BMSCs regulated inflammatory cell recruitment to promote functional recovery. However, there was no significant difference in IgM-positive expression among the three groups (P>0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that BMSCs seeded into ASC scaffolds for repair of spinal cord hemisection defects promoted functional recovery through the early regulation of inflammatory cell recruitment with inhibition of apoptosis and secondary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Feng Nong
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Han Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningxia People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750000, P.R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi 533000, P.R. China
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10
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Li WC, Jiang R, Jiang DM, Zhu FC, Su B, Qiao B, Qi XT. Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning attenuates apoptotic processes and improves neuropathologic changes after spinal cord injury in rats. Int J Neurosci 2013; 124:585-92. [PMID: 24205811 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2013.864289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We have shown earlier that administration of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) significantly contributed to recovery of motor function after traumatic spinal cord injury in the adult female rat. Using the same standardized animal model, we have now designed a set of experiments to test the hypothesis that LPS preconditioning attenuates stress-related apoptotic processes early after spinal cord trauma. The lower thoracic spinal cord injury in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats was caused by a 10 g weight rod drop from 25 mm on the dural surface of the exposed spinal cord at T10. The rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham injury, control (received normal saline alone), and LPS preconditioning (0.2 mg/kg, ip; 72 h prior to the injury). The animals were euthanized at 72 h postinjury. Neuropathologic changes were assessed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. SCI-induced apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were examined with immunohistochemistry or Western blotting. Compared with the control group, LPS preconditioning group showed significant improvement in the SCI-induced morphology changes. Furthermore, LPS preconditioning reduced the expressions of apoptotic markers caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, upregulated the expression of antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2 in the samples of spinal cord. Low-dose LPS attenuated the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the proliferation of glial cells in the site of injury. LPS preconditioning has neuroprotective effects against TSCI in rats due to its antiapoptosis properties as shown by the inhibition of caspase pathway and the upregulation of antiapoptotic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chao Li
- 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Yin X, Yin Y, Cao FL, Chen YF, Peng Y, Hou WG, Sun SK, Luo ZJ. Tanshinone IIA attenuates the inflammatory response and apoptosis after traumatic injury of the spinal cord in adult rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38381. [PMID: 22675554 PMCID: PMC3365897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI), including immediate mechanical injury and secondary injury, is associated with the inflammatory response, apoptosis and oxidative stress in response to traumatic injury. Tanshinone IIA (TIIA) is one of the major extracts obtained from Salvia miltiorrhiza BUNGE, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects on many diseases. However, little is known about the effects of TIIA treatment on SCI. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the pharmacological action of TIIA on secondary damage and the underlying mechanisms of experimental SCI in rats. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS SCI was generated using a weight drop device on the dorsal spinal cord via a two-level T9-T11 laminectomy. SCI in rats resulted in severe trauma, characterized by locomotor disturbance, edema, neutrophil infiltration, the production of astrocytes and inflammatory mediators, apoptosis and oxidative stress. TIIA treatment (20 mg/kg, i.p.) after SCI induced significant effects: (1) improved motor function (Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores), (2) reduced the degree of tissue injury (histological score), neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity) and the expression of astrocytes, (3) inhibited the activation of SCI-related pathways, such as NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, (4) decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and iNOS, (5) reduced apoptosis (TUNEL staining, and Bcl-2 and caspase-3 expression) and (6) reversed the redox state imbalance. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results clearly show that TIIA has a prominent protective effect against SCI through inhibiting the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the spinal cord tissue after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Fa-Le Cao
- Department of Neurology and Respiration, The 222th Hospital of CPLA, Jilin, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fei Chen
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ye Peng
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Wu-Gang Hou
- Department of Anesthesia, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Kai Sun
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Jing Luo
- Institute of Orhopaedics Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Esposito E, Impellizzeri D, Mazzon E, Fakhfouri G, Rahimian R, Travelli C, Tron GC, Genazzani AA, Cuzzocrea S. The NAMPT inhibitor FK866 reverts the damage in spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:66. [PMID: 22490786 PMCID: PMC3353188 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging data implicate nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) in the pathogenesis of cancer and inflammation. NAMPT inhibitors have proven beneficial in inflammatory animal models of arthritis and endotoxic shock as well as in autoimmune encephalitis. Given the role of inflammatory responses in spinal cord injury (SCI), the effect of NAMPT inhibitors was examined in this setting. Methods We investigated the effects of the NAMPT inhibitor FK866 in an experimental compression model of SCI. Results Twenty-four hr following induction of SCI, a significant functional deficit accompanied widespread edema, demyelination, neuron loss and a substantial increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, PAR, NAMPT, Bax, MPO activity, NF-κB activation, astrogliosis and microglial activation was observed. Meanwhile, the expression of neurotrophins BDNF, GDNF, NT3 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 decreased significantly. Treatment with FK866 (10 mg/kg), the best known and characterized NAMPT inhibitor, at 1 h and 6 h after SCI rescued motor function, preserved perilesional gray and white matter, restored anti-apoptotic and neurotrophic factors, prevented the activation of neutrophils, microglia and astrocytes and inhibited the elevation of NAMPT, PAR, TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax expression and NF-κB activity. We show for the first time that FK866, a specific inhibitor of NAMPT, administered after SCI, is capable of reducing the secondary inflammatory injury and partly reduce permanent damage. We also show that NAMPT protein levels are increased upon SCI in the perilesional area which can be corrected by administration of FK866. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the inflammatory component associated to SCI is the primary target of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, Torre Biologica-Policlinico Universitario Via C, Valeria Gazzi, 98100 Messina, Italy.
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13
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Erşahin M, Özdemir Z, Özsavcı D, Akakın D, Yeğen BÇ, Reiter RJ, Sener G. Melatonin treatment protects against spinal cord injury induced functional and biochemical changes in rat urinary bladder. J Pineal Res 2012; 52:340-8. [PMID: 22220508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2011.00948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) has deleterious effects on the function of several organ systems including the urinary bladder. In this study, we investigated the possible protective actions of melatonin on SCI-induced oxidative damage and urinary bladder dysfunction. Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were divided randomly as control, vehicle- or melatonin (10 mg/kg, ip)-treated SCI groups. To induce SCI, a standard weight-drop method that induced a moderately severe injury at T10 was used. Injured animals were given either vehicle or melatonin 15 min postinjury. One week postinjury, each rat was neurologically examined and then decapitated; blood samples were taken to evaluate neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and soluble protein 100β (S-100β). Spinal cord (SC) and urinary bladder samples were taken for functional studies and histological examination or stored for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nerve growth factor (NGF) levels and caspase-3 activity. Isometric contractions in bladder strips were induced by carbachol. In the SCI rats, decreased contractile responses of the bladder strips were found to be restored by melatonin treatment. Serum S-100β levels and NSE activities and tissue MDA levels and caspase-3 activities, all of which were elevated in the vehicle-treated SCI animals as compared to the control values, were reversed by melatonin treatment. On the other hand, reduced GSH and NGF levels due to SCI were restored by melatonin treatment. Furthermore, melatonin treatment improved histological findings. These findings suggest that melatonin reduces SCI-induced tissue injury and improves bladder functions through its effects on oxidative stress and NGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erşahin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Samsun Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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14
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Gwak YS, Kang J, Unabia GC, Hulsebosch CE. Spatial and temporal activation of spinal glial cells: role of gliopathy in central neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2011; 234:362-72. [PMID: 22036747 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In the spinal cord, neuron and glial cells actively interact and contribute to neurofunction. Surprisingly, both cell types have similar receptors, transporters and ion channels and also produce similar neurotransmitters and cytokines. The neuroanatomical and neurochemical similarities work synergistically to maintain physiological homeostasis in the normal spinal cord. However, in trauma or disease states, spinal glia become activated, dorsal horn neurons become hyperexcitable contributing to sensitized neuronal-glial circuits. The maladaptive spinal circuits directly affect synaptic excitability, including activation of intracellular downstream cascades that result in enhanced evoked and spontaneous activity in dorsal horn neurons with the result that abnormal pain syndromes develop. Recent literature reported that spinal cord injury produces glial activation in the dorsal horn; however, the majority of glial activation studies after SCI have focused on transient and/or acute time points, from a few hours to 1 month, and peri-lesion sites, a few millimeters rostral and caudal to the lesion site. In addition, thoracic spinal cord injury produces activation of astrocytes and microglia that contributes to dorsal horn neuronal hyperexcitability and central neuropathic pain in above-level, at-level and below-level segments remote from the lesion in the spinal cord. The cellular and molecular events of glial activation are not simple events, rather they are the consequence of a combination of several neurochemical and neurophysiological changes following SCI. The ionic imbalances, neuroinflammation and alterations of cell cycle proteins after SCI are predominant components for neuroanatomical and neurochemical changes that result in glial activation. More importantly, SCI induced release of glutamate, proinflammatory cytokines, ATP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neurotrophic factors trigger activation of postsynaptic neuron and glial cells via their own receptors and channels that, in turn, contribute to neuronal-neuronal and neuronal-glial interaction as well as microglia-astrocytic interactions. However, a systematic review of temporal and spatial glial activation following SCI has not been done. In this review, we describe time and regional dependence of glial activation and describe activation mechanisms in various SCI models in rats. These data are placed in the broader context of glial activation mechanisms and chronic pain states. Our work in the context of work by others in SCI models demonstrates that dysfunctional glia, a condition called "gliopathy", is a key contributor in the underlying cellular mechanisms contributing to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young S Gwak
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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15
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Genovese T, Mazzon E, Paterniti I, Esposito E, Cuzzocrea S. Neuroprotective effects of olprinone after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 503:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Mazzon E, Esposito E, Di Paola R, Impellizzeri D, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Olprinone, a specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)-III inhibitor, reduces the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in mice. Pharmacol Res 2010; 64:68-79. [PMID: 21193041 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Olprinone is a specific phosphodiesterase (PDE)-III inhibitor, which has been found to have anti-inflammatory effects in addition to its main inotropic and peripheral vasodilatory effects. In the present study we investigated the effects of olprinone (0.2mg/kg, i.p.) on the development of zymosan-induced multiple organ failure in mice. Treatment with olprinone attenuated the peritoneal exudation and the migration of polymorphonuclear cells caused by zymosan. Olprinone also attenuated the lung, liver and pancreatic injury, renal dysfunction as well as the increased lung and intestine myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity caused by zymosan. Immunohistochemical analysis for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleuchin-1β (IL-1β) revealed positive staining in pancreatic and intestinal tissue obtained from zymosan-injected mice. The degree of staining for nitrotyrosine, iNOS, PAR, TNF-α and IL-1β was markedly reduced in tissue sections obtained from zymosan-injected mice, which had received olprinone. In addition, administration of zymosan caused a severe illness in the mice characterized by significant loss of body weight and a 60% of mortality at the end of observation period (7 days). Treatment with olprinone significantly reduced the development of systemic toxicity, loss in body weight and mortality, caused by zymosan. This study provides evidence that olprinone attenuates the degree of zymosan-induced shock in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino-Pulejo", S.S. 113 Via Palermo, CTR Casazza, Messina, Italy
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