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Klatt S, Noël B, Schrödter R. Attentional asymmetries in peripheral vision. Br J Psychol 2024; 115:40-50. [PMID: 37453042 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous research on the use of peripheral vision to identify two spatially separated stimuli simultaneously has led to the conclusion that the focus of attention has the form of a symmetric ellipse with a broader expansion along the horizontal compared to the vertical meridian. However, research on pseudoneglect has indicated that attention is not symmetrically distributed to the whole visual field. Here, we test if the attention window is indeed symmetrical with regard to its shape and resolution during peripheral vision. The results indicate that the position of those stimuli relative to the focus of attention influences the ability to identify a given set of stimuli. Specifically, stimuli presented to the left and top of the fixation point were more frequently identified correctly compared to those presented to the right bottom. That is, the attention window is rather not symmetric, which must be considered in future studies on the nature of the focus of attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klatt
- Institute of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Benjamin Noël
- Institute of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robin Schrödter
- Institute of Exercise Science and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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2
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Murray HS, Drovandi C, Carr EJ, Corry P. Statistical modelling of goalkicking performance in the Australian football league. J Sci Med Sport 2022; 25:690-695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Pseudoneglect represents the tendency in healthy people to show a slight bias in favour of stimuli appearing in the left visual field. Some studies have shown that this leftward bias can be annulled or reserved towards a rightward bisection bias when lateral attentional biases are assessed in far space. Using an immersive simulated, ecologically valid football task, we investigated whether possible attentional and perceptual asymmetries affect sport-specific decision making. Twenty-seven sport athletes were required to judge different game situations, which involved both perceptual and attentional skills to perceive player configurations in the visual periphery. We did not find any performance differences in accuracy rate between the left and right visual field side for stimuli presented close to the screen centre in an object-detection (perception-based) and feature-recognition (attention-based) task. This result is in line with previous findings showing an absence of a left- or rightward bisection bias in far space. However, accuracy was higher for stimuli being presented at visual angles wide away from the screen centre at the left side compared to the right side of visual field. This finding cannot be explained by literature focusing on pseudoneglect in far space, but rather by previous findings on landmark judgments often showing left bias both in near and in far space. Overall, the current findings provide new perspectives on attentional and perceptual asymmetries in real-world scenarios, and different interpretations of results are discussed.
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Paterson G, van der Kamp J, Savelsbergh G. Moving Advertisements Systematically Affect Gaze Behavior and Performance in the Soccer Penalty Kick. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 1:69. [PMID: 33344992 PMCID: PMC7739765 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2019.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate whether a moving advertisement positioned behind the goal area would influence the visual attention of participants performing a soccer penalty kick, and, whether this would an effect on subsequent motor performance. It was hypothesized that if the (moving) advertisement would function as a distractor, then this would result in non-specific disruptions in penalty performance measures, especially affecting aiming location and precision. Alternatively, it was reasoned that, in line with the Dunker illusion, the moving advertisement would systematically affect perception of target location, resulting in changes in penalty performance and aiming that are specific for the direction of motion of the advertisement. To test these hypotheses, we investigated the gaze behavior and kicking performance of intermediate skilled soccer players taking penalty kicks in three differing advertisement conditions, namely no advertisement, a stationary advertisement, and a moving advertisement. The latter condition consisted of an advertisement moving from left to right and an advertisement moving from right to left. Results showed that a moving advertisement placed behind the goal area indeed caught the visual attention of soccer penalty kickers using a goalkeeper-dependent kicking strategy. Participants kicking performance tended to be less variable within the no advertisement condition compared to the moving advertisement condition. In addition, systematic, direction-specific effects on aiming were found when comparing conditions in which the advertisement moved in opposite directions. This pattern of findings indicate that the accuracy of the penalty kick is impacted by task-irrelevant contextual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Paterson
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - John van der Kamp
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Research Centre for Exercise, School and Sport, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Geert Savelsbergh
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Academy for Physical Education, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Right-lateralised lane keeping in young and older British drivers. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203549. [PMID: 30188952 PMCID: PMC6126866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Young adults demonstrate a small, but consistent, asymmetry of spatial attention favouring the left side of space (“pseudoneglect”) in laboratory-based tests of perception. Conversely, in more naturalistic environments, behavioural errors towards the right side of space are often observed. In the older population, spatial attention asymmetries are generally diminished, or even reversed to favour the right side of space, but much of this evidence has been gained from lab-based and/or psychophysical testing. In this study we assessed whether spatial biases can be elicited during a simulated driving task, and secondly whether these biases also shift with age, in line with standard lab-based measures. Data from 77 right-handed adults with full UK driving licences (i.e. prior experience of left-lane driving) were analysed: 38 young (mean age = 21.53) and 39 older adults (mean age = 70.38). Each participant undertook 3 tests of visuospatial attention: the landmark task, line bisection task, and a simulated lane-keeping task. We found leftward biases in young adults for the landmark and line bisection tasks, indicative of pseudoneglect, and a mean lane position towards the right of centre. In young adults the leftward landmark task biases were negatively correlated with rightward lane-keeping biases, hinting that a common property of the spatial attention networks may have influenced both tasks. As predicted, older adults showed no group-level spatial asymmetry on the landmark nor the line bisection task, but they maintained a mean rightward lane position, similar to young adults. The 3 tasks were not inter-correlated in the older group. These results suggest that spatial biases in older adults may be elicited more effectively in experiments involving complex behaviour rather than abstract, lab-based measures. More broadly, these results confirm that lateral biases of spatial attention are linked to driving behaviour, and this could prove informative in the development of future vehicle safety and driving technology.
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Anderson D, Breed R, Spittle M, Larkin P. Factors Affecting Set Shot Goal-kicking Performance in the Australian Football League. Percept Mot Skills 2018; 125:817-833. [PMID: 29886806 DOI: 10.1177/0031512518781265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Set shot goal-kicking is recognized as an important skill in Australian Football (AF), accounting for over half of all goals kicked in the Australian Football League (AFL). However, as knowledge surrounding its performance is limited, this study described the frequency, types, and outcomes of set shots in the AFL and investigated the impact of task, personal, and environmental constraints on goal-kicking performance. We analyzed video footage of set shots from all 198 matches of the 2012 season, collecting data for kick distance, kick angle, player position, player experience (i.e., general and specific), kick outcome, and weather status. We found an average of 23.0 (standard deviation [ SD] = 4.5) set shots/match, with a mean accuracy of 55.0% ( SD = 0.7%). Kicking accuracy decreased with incremental increases in kick distance, with accuracy ranging from 97% (0-15 m) to 36% (≥50 m). Key forwards were more accurate kickers than other players. There was no significant effect of player experience. The number of set shots taken decreased by 13% in wet weather conditions. The primary determinant of elite set shot goal-kicking performance was the interaction of kick distance and angle (task difficulty). This research adds to an understanding of how personal, environmental, and match constraints influence this closed skill performance in AF match play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Anderson
- 1 School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ray Breed
- 2 St Leonards College, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Spittle
- 3 Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Larkin
- 3 Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Darling S, Cancemi D, Della Sala S. Fly on the right: Lateral preferences when choosing aircraft seats. Laterality 2017; 23:610-624. [PMID: 29262743 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2017.1417994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A small preference has been observed for people to choose seats on the left of aircraft when booking via an online system. Although this is consistent with pseudoneglect-the known leftward bias in perception and representation-rightward preferences have been commonly observed in seating selection tasks in other environments. Additionally, the previous research in aircraft seating was unable to dissociate a bias to one side of the screen from a bias to one side of the cabin of the aircraft. Here, we present a study in which participants were asked to select seats for a range of fictional flights. They demonstrated a preference for seats on the right of the cabin, irrespective of whether the right of the cabin appeared to either the right or the left of the screen, a preference for seats towards the front of the aircraft and a preference to favour window and aisle seats. This suggests, in contrast to previous research, that participants demonstrated a rightward lateral bias to representations of an aircraft. These results may have implications for our understanding of asymmetries in cognition as well as having potentially important practical implications for airlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Darling
- a Division of Psychology and Sociology , Memory Research Group, Centre for Applied Social Science, Queen Margaret University , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Dario Cancemi
- b Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
| | - Sergio Della Sala
- b Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology , University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh , UK
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8
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Abstract
Abstract. The term right may imply different meanings, for example, right can be the direction opposite to left, but right can also mean the opposite of wrong. In three experiments, we investigated whether orientation toward the right versus left direction can influence how individuals judge situational moral transgressions. Mental spatial orientation was manipulated by placing the text of moral transgressions on the left versus right side of the screen (Experiment 1) or by presenting different landscape pictures depicting paths that either lead to the left versus to the right (Experiments 2 and 3). In Experiment 3, we also manipulated participants’ physical spatial orientation. Results confirmed our main prediction that a mental rightward (vs. leftward) orientation can trigger relatively harsher moral judgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Glaser
- Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
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Scan direction influences explicit but not implicit perception of a goalkeeper's position. Atten Percept Psychophys 2016; 78:2494-2499. [PMID: 27572470 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-016-1196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In soccer penalty kicking, it has been demonstrated that systematic biases in a penalty taker's explicit perception of the goalkeeper's position do not always show up in decisions about the side to which to kick. To scrutinize whether this off-center effect is a function of dissociations between explicit and implicit perception of the goalkeeper's position, we examined to what degree visual scan direction affects explicit as well as implicit perception of goalkeeper position. To this end, participants were presented with pictures of a goalkeeper who stood at different (marginal) distances to the right or left of goal center. To manipulate scan direction, participants fixated the right, middle, or left of the scene at the beginning of each trial. They were instructed only to kick the ball if they perceived the goalkeeper to be standing in the center of the goal. Results showed that scan direction systematically influenced explicit perception of goalkeeper position (i.e., the decision to kick). Yet, if participants decided to kick (and thus believed that the goalkeeper stood in the true center), then the kicks were more often directed to the side with more space (i.e., 64.1 %) irrespective of scan direction. These findings provide further evidence that the off-center effect arises from dissociations between explicit and implicit perception of goalkeeper position, with the former but not the latter being susceptible to attentional asymmetries.
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Ocklenburg S, Friedrich P, Güntürkün O, Genç E. Intrahemispheric white matter asymmetries: the missing link between brain structure and functional lateralization? Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:465-80. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractHemispheric asymmetries are a central principle of nervous system architecture and shape the functional organization of most cognitive systems. Structural gray matter asymmetries and callosal interactions have been identified as contributing neural factors but always fell short to constitute a full explanans. Meanwhile, recent advances in in vivo white matter tractography have unrevealed the asymmetrical organization of many intrahemispheric white matter pathways, which might serve as the missing link to explain the substrate of functional lateralization. By taking into account callosal interactions, gray matter asymmetries and asymmetrical interhemispheric pathways, we opt for a new triadic model that has the potential to explain many observations which cannot be elucidated within the current frameworks of lateralized cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Friedrich
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Onur Güntürkün
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Erhan Genç
- 1Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Biopsychology, Department of Psychology, Ruhr University of Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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Noël B, van der Kamp J, Weigelt M, Memmert D. Asymmetries in spatial perception are more prevalent under explicit than implicit attention. Conscious Cogn 2015; 34:10-5. [PMID: 25837795 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Observers typically show systematic errors in spatial perception when asked to bisect a line. We examined whether misbisection relates to the extent by which the midpoint is scrutinized explicitly. Participants were required to position a soccer goalkeeper at the exact midpoint of the goal line, drawing explicit attention to the midpoint of the line. Subsequently, they carried out a penalty kick to score a goal, without eliciting explicit attention for the centre of the goal for choosing the side to which to kick the ball. We found that participants positioned the goalkeeper to the right of the centre, confirming the previously reported rightward bias for line bisections in extra-personal space. Although participants (erroneously) believed that the goalkeeper stood in the centre, they kicked the ball to the bigger side of the goal more often. These findings indicate that asymmetries in spatial perception are more evident with explicit than implicit attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John van der Kamp
- Research Institute Move, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Human Performance, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Deviating to the right: Using eyetracking to study the role of attention in navigation asymmetries. Atten Percept Psychophys 2014; 77:830-43. [PMID: 25515431 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-014-0813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nicholls MER, Roden S, Thomas NA, Loetscher T, Spence CJ, Forte JD. Close to me: the effect of asymmetrical environments on spatial attention. ERGONOMICS 2014; 57:876-885. [PMID: 24665985 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2014.899633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Attention can be captured by distractors and can affect performance. To examine whether asymmetrical distractors, such as a wall, affect spatial attention, Experiment 1 required participants (n = 20) to determine the relative length of pre-bisected lines when a temporary barrier was placed close to the left or right sides of the display. Post-hoc tests showed that attention was drawn towards left, but not right, walls. Experiment 2 (n = 18) sought to increase this effect using a solid brick wall rather than a temporary barrier. Instead of strengthening the result, no effect of barrier was observed. A non-effect was also observed in Experiment 3 (n = 18) when participants moved a cursor to the line's middle. Finally, Experiment 4 (n = 26) showed that asymmetrical barriers had no effect on visual search. While the data showed some evidence that attention is distracted by walls placed to the left, this effect is weak and task-specific. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY The ability to monitor critical information on displays can be affected by asymmetrical distractors. In many workplaces, a display may be placed alongside a wall. This study explored whether a wall placed to the left/right affects spatial attention. A weak, task-specific, attraction effect was observed for walls on the left.
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Weigelt M, Memmert D, Schack T. Kick it like Ballack: The effects of goalkeeping gestures on goal-side selection in experienced soccer players and soccer novices. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/20445911.2012.719494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Weigelt M, Memmert D. Goal-side selection in soccer penalty kicking when viewing natural scenes. Front Psychol 2012; 3:312. [PMID: 22973246 PMCID: PMC3434713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the influence of goalkeeper displacement on goal-side selection in soccer penalty kicking. Facing a penalty situation, participants viewed photo-realistic images of a goalkeeper and a soccer goal. In the action selection task, they were asked to kick to the greater goal-side, and in the perception task, they indicated the position of the goalkeeper on the goal line. To this end, the goalkeeper was depicted in a regular goalkeeping posture, standing either in the exact middle of the goal or being displaced at different distances to the left or right of the goal’s center. Results showed that the goalkeeper’s position on the goal line systematically affected goal-side selection, even when participants were not aware of the displacement. These findings provide further support for the notion that the implicit processing of the stimulus layout in natural scenes can effect action selection in complex environments, such in soccer penalty shooting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Weigelt
- Department of Sport and Health, University of Paderborn Paderborn, Germany
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