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Zhou G, Sprengers D, Boor PPC, Doukas M, Schutz H, Mancham S, Pedroza-Gonzalez A, Polak WG, de Jonge J, Gaspersz M, Dong H, Thielemans K, Pan Q, IJzermans JNM, Bruno MJ, Kwekkeboom J. Antibodies Against Immune Checkpoint Molecules Restore Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinomas. Gastroenterology 2017. [PMID: 28648905 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Ligand binding to inhibitory receptors on immune cells, such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4), down-regulates the T-cell-mediated immune response (called immune checkpoints). Antibodies that block these receptors increase antitumor immunity in patients with melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer, and renal cell cancer. Tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been found to be functionally compromised. We analyzed HCC samples from patients to determine if these inhibitory pathways prevent T-cell responses in HCCs and to find ways to restore their antitumor functions. METHODS We collected HCC samples from 59 patients who underwent surgical resection from November 2013 through May 2017, along with tumor-free liver tissues (control tissues) and peripheral blood samples. We isolated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and intra-hepatic lymphocytes. We used flow cytometry to quantify expression of the inhibitory receptors PD-1, hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 (TIM3), lymphocyte activating 3 (LAG3), and CTLA4 on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells from tumor, control tissue, and blood; we studied the effects of antibodies that block these pathways in T-cell activation assays. RESULTS Expression of PD-1, TIM3, LAG3, and CTLA4 was significantly higher on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells isolated from HCC tissue than control tissue or blood. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and B cells in HCC tumors expressed ligands for these receptors. Expression of PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 was higher on tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific CD8+ TIL, compared with other CD8+ TIL. Compared with TIL that did not express these inhibitory receptors, CD8+ and CD4+ TIL that did express these receptors had higher levels of markers of activation, but similar or decreased levels of granzyme B and effector cytokines. Antibodies against CD274 (PD-ligand1 [PD-L1]), TIM3, or LAG3 increased proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ TIL and cytokine production in response to stimulation with polyclonal antigens or TAA. Importantly, combining antibody against PD-L1 with antibodies against TIM3, LAG3, or CTLA4 further increased TIL functions. CONCLUSIONS The immune checkpoint inhibitory molecules PD-1, TIM3, and LAG3 are up-regulated on TAA-specific T cells isolated from human HCC tissues, compared with T cells from tumor-free liver tissues or blood. Antibodies against PD-L1, TIM3, or LAG3 restore responses of HCC-derived T cells to tumor antigens, and combinations of the antibodies have additive effects. Strategies to block PD-L1, TIM3, and LAG3 might be developed for treatment of primary liver cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- CTLA-4 Antigen/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/immunology
- Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Up-Regulation
- Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dave Sprengers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michail Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hannah Schutz
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wojciech G Polak
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcia Gaspersz
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haidong Dong
- Department of Urology and Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Immunology-Physiology, Vrije Universiteit, Brussels, and eTheRNA immunotherapies NV, Niel, Belgium
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco J Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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de Mare-Bredemeijer ELD, Shi XL, Mancham S, van Gent R, van der Heide-Mulder M, de Boer R, Heemskerk MHM, de Jonge J, van der Laan LJW, Metselaar HJ, Kwekkeboom J. Cytomegalovirus-Induced Expression of CD244 after Liver Transplantation Is Associated with CD8+ T Cell Hyporesponsiveness to Alloantigen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1838-48. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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de Mare-Bredemeijer ELD, Mancham S, Verstegen MMA, de Ruiter PE, van Gent R, O'Neill D, Tilanus HW, Metselaar HJ, de Jonge J, Kwekkeboom J, Hall SRR, van der Laan LJW. Human graft-derived mesenchymal stromal cells potently suppress alloreactive T-cell responses. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1436-47. [PMID: 25744002 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
After organ transplantation, recipient T cells contribute to graft rejection. Mesenchymal stromal cells from the bone marrow (BM-MSCs) are known to suppress allogeneic T-cell responses, suggesting a possible clinical application of MSCs in organ transplantation. Human liver grafts harbor resident populations of MSCs (L-MSCs). We aimed to determine the immunosuppressive effects of these graft-derived MSCs on allogeneic T-cell responses and to compare these with the effects of BM-MSCs. BM-MSCs were harvested from aspirates and L-MSCs from liver graft perfusates. We cultured them for 21 days and compared their suppressive effects with the effects of BM-MSCs on allogeneic T-cell responses. Proliferation, cytotoxic degranulation, and interferon-gamma production of alloreactive T cells were more potently suppressed by L-MSCs than BM-MSCs. Suppression was mediated by both cell-cell contact and secreted factors. In addition, L-MSCs showed ex vivo a higher expression of PD-L1 than BM-MSCs, which was associated with inhibition of T-cell proliferation and cytotoxic degranulation in vitro. Blocking PD-L1 partly abrogated the inhibition of cytotoxic degranulation by L-MSCs. In addition, blocking indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase partly abrogated the inhibitive effects of L-MSCs, but not BM-MSCs, on T-cell proliferation. In conclusion, liver graft-derived MSC suppression of allogeneic T-cell responses is stronger than BM-MSCs, which may be related to in situ priming and mobilization from the graft. These graft-derived MSCs may therefore be relevant in transplantation by promoting allohyporesponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy L D de Mare-Bredemeijer
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanta Mancham
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Petra E de Ruiter
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gent
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Hugo W Tilanus
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- 1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sean R R Hall
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,4Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- 2Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Lam TS, van de Meent M, Falkenburg JHF, Jedema I. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells can induce autoreactive CD4+T cells showing myeloid lineage directed reactivity in healthy individuals. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1030-42. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201444819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tin Sing Lam
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Marian van de Meent
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - JH Frederik Falkenburg
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Inge Jedema
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology; Department of Hematology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden The Netherlands
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Kwekkeboom J, van der Laan LJW, Betjes MGH, Manintveld OC, Hoek RAS, Cransberg K, de Bruin RWF, Dor FJMF, de Jonge J, Boor PPC, van Gent R, van Besouw NM, Boer K, Litjens NHR, Hesselink DA, Hoogduijn MJ, Massey E, Rowshani AT, van de Wetering J, de Jong H, Hendriks RW, Metselaar HJ, van Gelder T, Weimar W, IJzermans JNM, Baan CC. Rotterdam: main port for organ transplantation research in the Netherlands. Transpl Immunol 2014; 31:200-6. [PMID: 25240732 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This overview describes the full spectrum of current pre-clinical and clinical kidney-, liver-, heart- and lung transplantation research performed in Erasmus MC - University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. An update is provided on the development of a large living donor kidney transplantation program and on optimization of kidney allocation, including the implementation of a domino kidney-donation program. Our current research efforts to optimize immunosuppressive regimens and find novel targets for immunosuppressive therapy, our recent studies on prevention of ischemia-reperfusion-induced graft injury, our newest findings on stimulation of tissue regeneration, our novel approaches to prevent rejection and viral infection, and our latest insights in the regulation of allograft rejection, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel G H Betjes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier C Manintveld
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier A S Hoek
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlien Cransberg
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron W F de Bruin
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M F Dor
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jonge
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick P C Boor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gent
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M van Besouw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Boer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Massey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ajda T Rowshani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Huib de Jong
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Herold J Metselaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Weimar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N M IJzermans
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Litjens NHR, de Wit EA, Baan CC, Betjes MGH. Activation-induced CD137 is a fast assay for identification and multi-parameter flow cytometric analysis of alloreactive T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 174:179-91. [PMID: 23750604 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection and isolation of viable alloreactive T cells at the single-cell level requires a cell surface marker induced specifically upon T cell receptor activation. In this study, a member of the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-family, CD137 (4-1BB) was investigated for its potential to identify the total pool of circulating alloreactive T cells. Optimal conditions for sensitive and specific detection of allogeneic-induced CD137 expression on circulating T cells were established. Thereafter, CD137(+) alloreactive T cells were phenotypically and functionally characterized by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Alloantigen-induced CD137 expression identified both alloreactive CD8(+) T cells (mean ± standard error of the mean: 0·21 ± 0·07%) and alloreactive CD4(+) T cells (0·21 ± 0·05%). CD137(+) alloreactive T cells were detected in different T cell subsets, including naive T cells, but were found preferentially in CD28(+) T cells and not in the terminally differentiated T cell subset. Upon allogeneic (re-)stimulation, the cytokine-producing as well as proliferative capacity of T cells resided mainly within the CD137-expressing fraction. About 10% of the CD137(+) alloreactive T cells produced any combination of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2 and TNF-α. Polyfunctional alloreactive T cells, defined by multiple cytokine expression, were observed infrequently. In conclusion, activation-induced CD137 expression is a fast assay allowing for detection and functional analysis of the total alloreactive T cell compartment at the single-cell level by multi-parameter flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- N H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, section Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, South-Holland, the Netherlands
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