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Carasi P, Malamud M, Serradell MA. Potentiality of Food-Isolated Lentilactobacillus kefiri Strains as Probiotics: State-of-Art and Perspectives. Curr Microbiol 2021; 79:21. [PMID: 34905095 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02728-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lentilactobacillus kefiri is one of the main lactic acid bacteria species in kefir and it was also isolated from other fermented foods. Numerous strains have been isolated and characterized regarding its potential as probiotics for the development of novel functional foods. To our knowledge this is the first review focused on highlighting safety aspects and health beneficial effects reported for L. kefiri strains. Several L. kefiri strains lack of transmissible antibiotic resistance genes, are tolerant to the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal environment, and could resist different preservation procedures. Moreover, many of the isolated strains have shown antimicrobial activity against pathogens and their toxins, exhibited immunomodulatory activity as well as induced some beneficial effects at metabolic level. Regarding all the scientific evidence, certain L. kefiri strains emerge as excellent candidates to be applied to the development of both food supplements and new fermented foods with health-promoting properties. However, the availability of genomic information is still very limited, so much more work must be done in order to explore the potentiality of L. kefiri as a probiotic and a source of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Carasi
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Malamud
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Cátedra de Microbiología, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.,Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M A Serradell
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Cátedra de Microbiología, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina.
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Hanić M, Lauc G, Trbojević-Akmačić I. N-Glycan Analysis by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Gel Electrophoresis with Fluorescent Labeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 97:e95. [PMID: 31517449 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are a class of macromolecules essential for all forms of life. They embellish various proteins and other macromolecules in organisms and are responsible for their proper functioning. Because their complex structure is determined by genetic and environmental factors, analysis of such molecules is rather demanding. Liquid chromatography (high-performance and ultra-performance, HPLC and UPLC, respectively) analysis has been used for the purpose of glycoprofiling for years and it is a well-established method regarding its robustness, reproducibility, and high throughput. Another orthogonal method that is now used in glycoprofiling is capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) because it offers powerful separation and distinct sensitivity. The purpose of the following protocols is to present all steps required for release and fluorescent labeling of total N-glycans from blood plasma/serum or isolated glycoprotein (for example, IgG) and their subsequent UPLC or CGE analysis. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hanić
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Preferential expression of sialyl 6'-sulfo N-acetyllactosamine-capped O-glycans on high endothelial venules in human peripheral lymph nodes. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1428-1441. [PMID: 31148596 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte "homing", the physiologic trafficking of lymphocytes from the circulation to secondary lymphoid organs, is regulated by sequential adhesive interactions between lymphocytes and endothelial cells that constitute high endothelial venules (HEVs). Initial lymphocyte "rolling" is mediated by relatively weak, transient adhesive interactions between L-selectin expressed on lymphocytes and sulfated mucin-type O-glycans expressed on HEVs. Keratan sulfate galactose (Gal)-6-O-sulfotransferase (KSGal6ST) catalyzes 6-O-sulfation of Gal in keratan sulfate glycosaminoglycan chains but also transfers sulfate to Gal in much shorter glycan chains, such as sialylated N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-capped O-glycans. In mice, KSGal6ST is reportedly expressed in HEVs and functions in synthesizing 6-sulfo Gal-containing O-glycans on HEVs. However, in humans, the presence of 6-sulfo Gal-containing O-glycans on HEVs is not reported. Employing the newly developed monoclonal antibody 297-11A, which recognizes non-sialylated terminal 6'-sulfo LacNAc, we demonstrate that sialyl 6'-sulfo (and/or 6,6'-disulfo) LacNAc-capped O-glycans are preferentially displayed on HEVs in human peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) and to a lesser extent in mesenteric LNs (MLNs) but not in Peyer's patches (PPs). We also found that the scaffold protein mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule 1 (MAdCAM-1), which is expressed on HEVs in PPs and MLNs but not PLNs, was modified by 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans less efficiently than was CD34. Moreover, 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans were also displayed on HEV-like vessels induced in tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) aggregates formed in various cancers. These findings collectively indicate that 297-11A-positive sulfated glycans potentially play a role in physiologic lymphocyte homing as well as in lymphocyte recruitment under pathologic conditions.
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Glaskin RS, Khatri K, Wang Q, Zaia J, Costello CE. Construction of a Database of Collision Cross Section Values for Glycopeptides, Glycans, and Peptides Determined by IM-MS. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4452-4460. [PMID: 28323417 PMCID: PMC5766263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer was used to examine the gas-phase structures of a set of glycopeptides resulting from proteolytic digestion of the well-characterized glycoproteins bovine ribonuclease B, human transferrin, bovine fetuin and human α1-acid glycoprotein, the corresponding deglycosylated peptides, and the glycans released by the endoglycosidase PNGase F. When closely related glycoforms did not occur naturally, exoglycosidases were used to achieve stepwise removal of individual saccharide units from the nonreducing termini of the multiantennary structures. Collision cross sections (CCS) were calculated and plotted as a function of mass-to-charge ratio. Linear trendlines were observed for the glycoforms of individual N-linked glycopeptides, the deglycosylated peptides, and the released, deutero-reduced permethylated glycans. For the glycoforms of a given glycopeptide or set of derivatized glycans, the slope of the line connecting CCS values remained similar for the [M+3H]3+ ions observed as the glycan antennae were shortened by stepwise exoglycosidase treatments; this trend was consistent regardless of the peptide length or the saccharide removed. The results form the basis for a database of CCS values and the CCS increments that correspond to changes in glycoform compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kshitij Khatri
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2646, United States
| | | | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2646, United States
| | - Catherine E. Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118-2646, United States
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Kim YH, Kwak MS, Park JB, Lee SA, Choi JE, Cho HS, Shin JS. N-linked glycosylation plays a crucial role in the secretion of HMGB1. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:29-38. [PMID: 26567221 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.176412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 protein is a delayed mediator of sepsis that is secreted to the extracellular milieu in response to various stimulants, inducing a pro-inflammatory response. HMGB1 is devoid of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeting signal peptide; hence, the mechanism of extracellular secretion is not completely understood, although HMGB1 is secreted after being subjected to post-translational modifications. Here, we identified the role of N-glycosylation of HMGB1 in extracellular secretion. We found two consensus (N37 and N134) and one non-consensus (N135) residues that were N-glycosylated in HMGB1 by performing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and analyzing for N-glycan composition and structure. Inhibition of N-glycosylation with tunicamycin resulted in a molecular shift of HMGB1 as assessed by gel electrophoresis. Non-glycosylated double mutant (N→Q) HMGB1 proteins (HMGB1(N37Q/N134Q) and HMGB1(N37Q/N135Q)) showed localization to the nuclei, strong binding to DNA, weak binding to the nuclear export protein CRM1 and rapid degradation by ubiquitylation. These mutant proteins had reduced secretion even after acetylation, phosphorylation, oxidation and exposure to pro-inflammatory stimuli. Taken together, we propose that HMGB1 is N-glycosylated, and that this is important for its DNA interaction and is a prerequisite for its nucleocytoplasmic transport and extracellular secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Man Sup Kwak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Jun Bae Park
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Shin-Ae Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 156-707, Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea Severance Biomedical Science Institute and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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Weiz S, Kamalakumar A, Biskup K, Blanchard V. Enhanced detection of in-gel releasedN-glycans by MALDI-TOF-MS. Proteomics 2015; 15:1503-7. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201400210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weiz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry; Charité Medical University; Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology; Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Aryaline Kamalakumar
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry; Charité Medical University; Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology; Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Karina Biskup
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry; Charité Medical University; Berlin Germany
- Department of Biology; Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Véronique Blanchard
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine; Clinical Chemistry, and Pathobiochemistry; Charité Medical University; Berlin Germany
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Hao P, Qian J, Dutta B, Cheow ESH, Sim KH, Meng W, Adav SS, Alpert A, Sze SK. Enhanced separation and characterization of deamidated peptides with RP-ERLIC-based multidimensional chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:1804-11. [PMID: 22239700 DOI: 10.1021/pr201048c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deamidation of asparaginyl residues in proteins produces a mixture of asparaginyl, n-aspartyl, and isoaspartyl residues, which affects the proteins' structure, function, and stability. Thus, it is important to identify and quantify the products to evaluate the effects in biological systems. It is still a challenging task to distinguish between the n-Asp and isoAsp deamidation products in a proteome-wide analysis because of their similar physicochemical properties. The quantification of the isomeric deamidated peptides is also rather difficult because of their coelution/poor separation in reverse-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC). We here propose a RP-ERLIC-MS/MS approach for separating and quantifying on a proteome-wide scale the three products related to deamidation of the same peptide. The key to the method is the use of RPLC in the first dimensional separation and ERLIC (electrostatic repulsion-hydrophilic interaction chromatography) in the second, with direct online coupling to tandem MS. The coelution of the three deamidation-related peptides in RPLC is then an asset, as they are collected in the same fraction. They are then separated and identified in the second dimension with ERLIC, which separates peptides on the basis of both pI and GRAVY values. The coelution of the three products in RPLC and their efficient separation in ERLIC were validated using synthetic peptides, and the performance of ERLIC-MS/MS was tested using peptide mixtures from two proteins. Applying this sequence to rat liver tissue, we identified 302 unique N-deamidated peptides, of which 20 were identified via all three deamidation-related products and 70 of which were identified via two of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piliang Hao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551, Singapore
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