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Duarte A, Montagna DR, Pastorini M, Alemán M. Apoptosis-mediated inhibition of human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia upon treatment with Staphylococus Aureus enterotoxin-superantigen. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176432. [PMID: 37377961 PMCID: PMC10291079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with relapsed T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. The finding of efficient strategies against this refractory neoplasm is a medical priority. Superantigens (SAgs) are viral and bacterial proteins that bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules as unprocessed proteins and subsequently interact with a high number of T cells expressing particular T cell receptor Vβ chains. Although on mature T cells, SAgs usually trigger massive cell proliferation producing deleterious effects on the organism, in contrast, on immature T cells, they may trigger their death by apoptosis. On this basis, it was hypothesized that SAgs could also induce apoptosis in neoplastic T cells that are usually immature cells that probably conserve their particular Vβ chains. In this work, we investigated the effect of the SAg Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin E (SEE) (that specifically interacts with cells that express Vβ8 chain), on human Jurkat T- leukemia line, that expresses Vβ8 in its T receptor and it is a model of the highly aggressive recurrent T-ALL. Our results demonstrated that SEE could induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells in vitro. The induction of apoptosis was specific, correlated to the down regulation of surface Vβ8 TCR expression and was triggered, at least in part, through the Fas/FasL extrinsic pathway. The apoptotic effect induced by SEE on Jurkat cells was therapeutically relevant. In effect, upon transplantation of Jurkat cells in the highly immunodeficient NSG mice, SEE treatment reduced dramatically tumor growth, decreased the infiltration of neoplastic cells in the bloodstream, spleen and lymph nodes and, most importantly, increased significantly the survival of mice. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that this strategy can be, in the future, a useful option for the treatment of recurrent T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Duarte
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Medicine Academy (IMEX-CONICET-ANM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Fundación Héctor Alejandro (H.A.) Barceló, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela R. Montagna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Medicine Academy (IMEX-CONICET-ANM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Pastorini
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Medicine Academy (IMEX-CONICET-ANM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Alemán
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Medicine Academy (IMEX-CONICET-ANM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lorenzo D, Duarte A, Mundiñano J, Berguer P, Nepomnaschy I, Piazzon I. A B-Cell Superantigen Induces the Apoptosis of Murine and Human Malignant B Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162456. [PMID: 27603942 PMCID: PMC5014328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell superantigens (Sags) bind to conserved sites of the VH or VL regions of immunoglobulin molecules outside their complementarity-determining regions causing the apoptosis of normal cognate B cells. No attempts to investigate whether B-cell Sags are able to induce the apoptosis of cognate malignant B cells were reported. In the present study we show that protein L (PpL), secreted by Finegoldia magna, a B-cell Sag which interacts with κ+ bearing cells, induces the apoptosis of murine and human κ+ lymphoma B cells both in vitro and in vivo. Apoptosis was not altered by caspase-8 inhibitor. No alterations in the levels of Bid, Fas and Fas-L were found suggesting that PpL does not activate the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. The involvement of the intrinsic pathway was clearly indicated by: i) alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) both in murine and human lymphoma cells exposed to PpL; ii) decreased levels of apoptosis in the presence of caspase-9 inhibitor; iii) significant increases of Bim and Bax protein levels and downregulation of Bcl-2; iv) the translocation from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria of Bax and Bim pro-apoptotic proteins and its inhibition by caspase-9 inhibitor but not by caspase-8 inhibitor and v) the translocation of Bcl-2 protein from the mitochondria to the cytosol and its inhibition by caspase-9 inhibitor but not by caspase-8 inhibitor. The possibility of a therapeutic use of Sags in lymphoma/leukemia B cell malignancies is discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Animals
- Annexin A5/metabolism
- Apoptosis/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- B7-2 Antigen/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/immunology
- Bcl-2-Like Protein 11/metabolism
- Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics
- Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology
- Burkitt Lymphoma/pathology
- Caspase 8/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Caspase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytosol/metabolism
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin M/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/metabolism
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Protein Transport
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Superantigens/immunology
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/genetics
- bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism
- fas Receptor/genetics
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lorenzo
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Duarte
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Juliana Mundiñano
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Paula Berguer
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Nepomnaschy
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
| | - Isabel Piazzon
- IMEX-CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires, CABA, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Inghirami G, Chan WC, Pileri S. Peripheral T-cell and NK cell lymphoproliferative disorders: cell of origin, clinical and pathological implications. Immunol Rev 2015; 263:124-59. [PMID: 25510275 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with distinct clinical-biological properties. The normal cellular counterpart of these processes has been postulated based on functional and immunophenotypic analyses. However, T lymphocytes have been proven to be remarkably capable of modulating their properties, adapting their function in relationship with multiple stimuli and to the microenvironment. This impressive plasticity is determined by the equilibrium among a pool of transcription factors and by DNA chromatin regulators. It is now proven that the acquisition of specific genomic defects leads to the enforcement/activation of distinct pathways, which ultimately alter the preferential activation of defined regulators, forcing the neoplastic cells to acquire features and phenotypes distant from their original fate. Thus, dissecting the landscape of the genetic defects and their functional consequences in T-cell neoplasms is critical not only to pinpoint the origin of these tumors but also to define innovative mechanisms to re-adjust an unbalanced state to which the tumor cells have become addicted and make them vulnerable to therapies and targetable by the immune system. In our review, we briefly describe the pathological and clinical aspects of the T-cell lymphoma subtypes as well as NK-cell lymphomas and then focus on the current understanding of their pathogenesis and the implications on diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Science and Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CeRMS), University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Pathology, and NYU Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Liu Y, Xu M, Zhang H, Li X, Su Z, Zhang C. SEC2-induced superantigen and antitumor activity is regulated through calcineurin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:9695-703. [PMID: 23435984 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Once the TCR-SAg-MHC II ternary complex is established, it triggers a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways, which provoke extreme responses in the immune system. However, the signaling events that involved in SAg-induced immune activation are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated that the Ca(2+)/calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signaling pathway was involved in SEC2-induced immune activation, and selective blockade of CaN by its inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA) can completely inhibited the SEC2-induced T-cell stimulating potency. In addition, we selected an engineered SEC2 mutant named SAM-1 based on a series of biological activity tests, and our further studies on it not only confirmed that the CaN activity and gene transcription of its key substrates were proportional to the SEC2/SAM-1-induced T-cell stimulating potency, but also suggested that intensified Ca(2+)/CaN/NFAT signaling transduction induced by SAM-1 resulted in enhanced T-cell stimulating potency, production of cytokines and cytotoxicity, which finally elicit the improved antitumor activity of SAM-1 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Institute of Applied of Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.72 Wenhua Road Shenhe Dis, P.O. Box 417, 110016, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Xu M, Su Z, Cai Y, Zhang G, Zhang H. Increased T-cell stimulating activity by mutated SEC2 correlates with its improved antitumour potency. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:362-9. [PMID: 22925007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the improved antitumour activity of SAM-3 compared with recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxins C2 (rSEC2). METHODS AND RESULTS Methylthiazol tetrazolium and flow cytometry assays showed that the antitumour activity of SAM-3 in vivo was improved because of enhanced T-cell stimulating potency, resulting in massive activation of T cells, particularly CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and subsequent cytokine release. Quantitative real-time PCR assay showed that despite similar Vβ specificities induced by rSEC2 and SAM-3, the quantities of activated T cells bearing specific Vβin vitro were different. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly suggested that the increased SAM-3-T-cell receptor (TCR) binding affinity contributed to massive T-cell activation and cytokine release, substantially amplifying antitumour immune response in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provided evidence for the mechanism of SAM-3 antitumour activity improvement compared with rSEC2. Results indicated that SAM-3 could be used as a potent powerful candidate agent for tumour treatment in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - M Xu
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Su
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Cai
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhang
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - H Zhang
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
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