1
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Jiang XY, Shi LP, Zhu JL, Bai RR, Xie T. Elemene Antitumor Drugs Development Based on "Molecular Compatibility Theory" and Clinical Application: A Retrospective and Prospective Outlook. Chin J Integr Med 2024; 30:62-74. [PMID: 37882911 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Elemene, derived from Curcuma wenyujin, one of the "8 famous genuine medicinal materials of Zhejiang province," exhibits remarkable antitumor activity. It has gained wide recognition in clinical practice for effectiveness on tumors. Dr. XIE Tian, introduced the innovative concept of "molecular compatibility theory" by combining Chinese medicine principles, specifically the "monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy" theory, with modern biomedical technology. This groundbreaking approach, along with a systematic analysis of Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge, led to the development of elemene nanoliposome formulations. These novel formulations offer numerous advantages, including low toxicity, well-defined composition, synergistic effects on multiple targets, and excellent biocompatibility. Following the principles of the "molecular compatibility theory", further exploration of cancer treatment strategies and methods based on elemene was undertaken. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of elemene's potential antitumor mechanisms, recent clinical investigations, advancements in drug delivery systems, and structural modifications. The ultimate goal of this review is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for researchers, empowering them to develop more effective antitumor drugs based on the principles of "molecular compatibility theory".
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Li-Ping Shi
- Good Clinical Practice Center, Affliliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jun-Long Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Ren-Ren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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2
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Majrashi TA, Alshehri SA, Alsayari A, Muhsinah AB, Alrouji M, Alshahrani AM, Shamsi A, Atiya A. Insight into the Biological Roles and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals in Different Types of Cancer: Targeting Cancer Therapeutics. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071704. [PMID: 37049544 PMCID: PMC10097354 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a hard-to-treat disease with a high reoccurrence rate that affects health and lives globally. The condition has a high occurrence rate and is the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disorders. Increased research and more profound knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to the disease’s onset and progression have led to drug discovery and development. Various drugs are on the market against cancer; however, the drugs face challenges of chemoresistance. The other major problem is the side effects of these drugs. Therefore, using complementary and additional medicines from natural sources is the best strategy to overcome these issues. The naturally occurring phytochemicals are a vast source of novel drugs against various ailments. The modes of action by which phytochemicals show their anti-cancer effects can be the induction of apoptosis, the onset of cell cycle arrest, kinase inhibition, and the blocking of carcinogens. This review aims to describe different phytochemicals, their classification, the role of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents, the mode of action of phytochemicals, and their role in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghreed A. Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Ali Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrhman Alsayari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Unit, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alrouji
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma M. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akhtar Atiya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU), Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Gao Y, Mao ND, Che H, Xu L, Bai R, Wang LW, Ye XY, Xie T. Novel hydroxyl carboximates derived from β-elemene: design, synthesis and anti-tumour activities evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2403-2416. [PMID: 36065895 PMCID: PMC9467605 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2117314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel N-alkyl-N-hydroxyl carboximates derived from β-elemene were fortuitously discovered. Most of them showed more potent anti-proliferative activities than their lead compound β-elemene (1). Notably, compound 11i exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of three lung cell lines (H1975, A549 and H460) and several other tumour cell lines (H1299, U87MG, MV4-11, and SU-DHL-2). Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that compound 11i could significantly induce cell apoptosis. Further in vivo study in the H460 xenograft mouse model validated the anti-tumour activities of 11i with a greater tumour growth inhibition (TGI, 68.3%) than β-elemene and SAHA (50.1% and 55.9% respectively) at 60 mg/kg ip dosing, without obvious body weight loss and toxicity. Thus, such N-alkyl-N-hydroxyl carboximate class of compounds exemplified as 11i demonstrated potent anticancer activities both in vitro and in vivo, and should warrant further investigation for potential anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nian-Dong Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Che
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renren Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medical, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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4
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Qi X, Jiang S, Hui Z, Gao Y, Ye Y, Lirussi F, Garrido C, Xu L, He X, Bai R, Ye XY, Xie T. Design, synthesis and antitumor efficacy evaluation of a series of novel β-elemene-based macrocycles. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 74:117049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Eldehna WM, Maklad RM, Almahli H, Al-Warhi T, Elkaeed EB, Abourehab MAS, Abdel-Aziz HA, El Kerdawy AM. Identification of 3-(piperazinylmethyl)benzofuran derivatives as novel type II CDK2 inhibitors: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico insights. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1227-1240. [PMID: 35470754 PMCID: PMC9126595 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2062337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, a hybridisation strategy was adopted between the privileged building blocks, benzofuran and piperazine, with the aim of designing novel CDK2 type II inhibitors. The hybrid structures were linked to different aromatic semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide, or acylhydrazone tails to anchor the designed inhibitors onto the CDK2 kinase domain. The designed compounds showed promising CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compounds 9h, 11d, 11e and 13c showed potent inhibitory activity (IC50 of 40.91, 41.70, 46.88, and 52.63 nM, respectively) compared to staurosporine (IC50 of 56.76 nM). Moreover, benzofurans 9e, 9h, 11d, and 13b showed promising antiproliferative activities towards different cancer cell lines, and non-significant cytotoxicity on normal lung fibroblasts MRC-5 cell line. Furthermore, a cell cycle analysis as well as Annexin V-FITC apoptosis assay on Panc-1 cell line were performed. Molecular docking simulations were performed to explore the ability of target benzofurans to adopt the common binding pattern of CDK2 type II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Raed M Maklad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.,Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University (NGU), Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Zhang RH, Guo HY, Deng H, Li J, Quan ZS. Piperazine skeleton in the structural modification of natural products: a review. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1165-1197. [PMID: 34080510 PMCID: PMC8183565 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1931861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Piperazine moiety is a cyclic molecule containing two nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 4, as well as four carbon atoms. Piperazine is one of the most sought heterocyclics for the development of new drug candidates with a wide range of applications. Over 100 molecules with a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other activities, were reviewed. This article reviewed investigations regarding piperazine groups for the modification of natural product derivatives in the last decade, highlighting parameters that affect their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Hong-Yan Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Hao Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Jinzi Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
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7
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Anti-Tumor Drug Discovery Based on Natural Product β-Elemene: Anti-Tumor Mechanisms and Structural Modification. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061499. [PMID: 33801899 PMCID: PMC7998186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products are important sources for drug discovery, especially anti-tumor drugs. β-Elemene, the prominent active ingredient extract from the rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin, is a representative natural product with broad anti-tumor activities. The main molecular mechanism of β-elemene is to inhibit tumor growth and proliferation, induce apoptosis, inhibit tumor cell invasion and metastasis, enhance the sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy, regulate the immune system, and reverse multidrug resistance (MDR). Elemene oral emulsion and elemene injection were approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for the treatment of various cancers and bone metastasis in 1994. However, the lipophilicity and low bioavailability limit its application. To discover better β-elemene-derived anti-tumor drugs with satisfying drug-like properties, researchers have modified its structure under the premise of not damaging the basic scaffold structure. In this review, we comprehensively discuss and summarize the potential anti-tumor mechanisms and the progress of structural modifications of β-elemene.
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8
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Anti-Cancer Potential of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids Present in Cannabis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071985. [PMID: 32708138 PMCID: PMC7409346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, and even more since its legalization in several jurisdictions, cannabis and the endocannabinoid system have received an increasing amount of interest related to their potential exploitation in clinical settings. Cannabinoids have been suggested and shown to be effective in the treatment of various conditions. In cancer, the endocannabinoid system is altered in numerous types of tumours and can relate to cancer prognosis and disease outcome. Additionally, cannabinoids display anticancer effects in several models by suppressing the proliferation, migration and/or invasion of cancer cells, as well as tumour angiogenesis. However, the therapeutic use of cannabinoids is currently limited to the treatment of symptoms and pain associated with chemotherapy, while their potential use as cytotoxic drugs in chemotherapy still requires validation in patients. Along with cannabinoids, cannabis contains several other compounds that have also been shown to exert anti-tumorigenic actions. The potential anti-cancer effects of cannabinoids, terpenes and flavonoids, present in cannabis, are explored in this literature review.
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9
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Cao H, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Yang Q. Phytochemical-Mediated Glioma Targeted Treatment: Drug Resistance and Novel Delivery Systems. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:599-629. [PMID: 31400262 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190809221332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, especially its most malignant type, Glioblastoma (GBM), is the most common and the most aggressive malignant tumour in the central nervous system. Currently, we have no specific therapies that can significantly improve its dismal prognosis. Recent studies have reported promising in vitro experimental results of several novel glioma-targeting drugs; these studies are encouraging to both researchers and patients. However, clinical trials have revealed that novel compounds that focus on a single, clear glioma genetic alteration may not achieve a satisfactory outcome or have side effects that are unbearable. Based on this consensus, phytochemicals that exhibit multiple bioactivities have recently attracted much attention. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) have shown that phytocompounds inhibit glioma angiogenesis, cancer stem cells and tumour proliferation; these results suggest a novel drug therapeutic strategy. However, single phytocompounds or their direct usage may not reverse comprehensive malignancy due to poor histological penetrability or relatively unsatisfactory in vivo efficiency. Recent research that has employed temozolomide combination treatment and Nanoparticles (NPs) with phytocompounds has revealed a powerful dual-target therapy and a high blood-brain barrier penetrability, which is accompanied by low side effects and strong specific targeting. This review is focused on major phytocompounds that have contributed to glioma-targeting treatment in recent years and their role in drug resistance inhibition, as well as novel drug delivery systems for clinical strategies. Lastly, we summarize a possible research strategy for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyifan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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10
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Khanam R, Kumar R, Hejazi II, Shahabuddin S, Meena R, Jayant V, Kumar P, Bhat AR, Athar F. Piperazine clubbed with 2-azetidinone derivatives suppresses proliferation, migration and induces apoptosis in human cervical cancer HeLa cells through oxidative stress mediated intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Apoptosis 2019; 23:113-131. [PMID: 29349707 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Piperazine scaffolds or 2-azetidinone pharmacophores have been reported to show anti-cancer activities and apoptosis induction in different types of cancer cells. However, the mechanistic studies involve in induction of apoptosis addressing these two moieties for human cervical cancer cells remain uncertain. The present study emphasizes on the anti-proliferating properties and mechanism involved in induction of apoptosis for these structurally related azoles derivatives in HeLa cancer cells. 1-Phenylpiperazine clubbed with 2-azetidione derivatives (5a-5h) were synthesized, characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for their in-vitro anti-proliferative activities and induction of apoptosis. Further, we also evaluated oxidative stress generated by these synthetic derivatives (5a-5h). Cell viability studies revealed that among all, the compound N-(3-chloro-2-(3-nitrophenyl)-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl)-2-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl) acetamide 5e remarkably inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in a concentration dependent manner having IC50 value of 29.44 ± 1.46 µg/ml. Morphological changes, colonies suppression and inhibition of migration clearly showed the antineoplasicity in HeLa cells treated with 5e. Simultaneously, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation and cell-cycle arrest showed ongoing apoptosis in the HeLa cancer cells induced by compound 5e in concentration dependent manner. Additionally, generation of intracellular ROS along with the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential supported that compound 5e caused oxidative stress resulting in apoptosis through mitochondria mediated pathway. Elevation in the level of cytochrome c and upregulation in expression of caspase-3 clearly indicated the involvement of the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death. In brief; compound 5e could serve as a promising lead for the development of an effective antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmin Khanam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutic Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Iram Iqbal Hejazi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Syed Shahabuddin
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ramovatar Meena
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutic Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vikrant Jayant
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutic Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar
- Radiation and Cancer Therapeutic Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Abdul Roouf Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University, Srinagar, 190001, India.
| | - Fareeda Athar
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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11
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Balavandi Z, Neshasteh-Riz A, Koosha F, Eynali S, Hoormand M, Shahidi M. The Use of ß-Elemene to Enhance Radio Sensitization of A375 Human Melanoma Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 21:419-425. [PMID: 31376323 PMCID: PMC6722453 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective Melanoma is the most malignant and severe type of skin cancer. It is a tumor with a high risk of metastasis
and resistant to conventional treatment methods (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy). β-elemene is the most
active constituent of Curcuma wenyujin which is a non-cytotoxic antitumor drug, proved to be effective in different types
of cancers. The study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of β-elemene in combination with radiotherapy on
A375 human melanoma.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, human melanoma cells were grown in the monolayer culture
model. The procedure of the treatment was performed by the addition of different concentrations of β-elemene to the
cells. Then, the cells were exposed to 2 and 4 Gy X-ray in different incubation times (24, 48, and 72 hours). The MTT
assay was used for the determination of the cell viability. To study the rate of apoptosis response to treatments, the
Annexin V/PI assay was carried out.
Results The results of the MTT assay showed β-elemene reduced the cell proliferation in dose- and time-dependent
manners in cells exposed to radiation. Flow cytometry analysis indicated that β-elemene was effective in the induction
of apoptosis. Furthermore, the combination treatment with radiation remarkably decreased the cells proliferation ability
and also enhanced apoptosis. For example, cell viability in a group exposed to 40 µg/ml of β-elemene was 80%, but
combination treatment with 6 MV X beam at a dose of 2 Gy reduced the viability to 61%.
Conclusion Our results showed that β-elemene reduced the proliferation of human melanoma cancer cell through apoptosis.
Also, the results demonstrated that the radio sensitivity of A375 cell line was significantly enhanced by β-elemene. The findings
of this study indicated the efficiency of β-elemene in treating melanoma cells and the necessity for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Balavandi
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Neshasteh-Riz
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Radiation Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Electronic Address:
| | - Fereshteh Koosha
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Eynali
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Hoormand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Shahidi
- Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zhai B, Zeng Y, Zeng Z, Zhang N, Li C, Zeng Y, You Y, Wang S, Chen X, Sui X, Xie T. Drug delivery systems for elemene, its main active ingredient β-elemene, and its derivatives in cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:6279-6296. [PMID: 30349250 PMCID: PMC6186893 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s174527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
β-elemene is a noncytotoxic Class II antitumor drug extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling. β-elemene exerts its effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, arresting the cell cycle, inducing cell apoptosis, exerting antiangiogenesis and antimetastasis effects, reversing multiple-drug resistance (MDR), and enhancing the immune system. Elemene injection and oral emulsion have been used to treat various tumors, including cancer of the lung, liver, brain, breast, ovary, gastric, prostate, and other tissues, for >20 years. The safety of both elemene injection and oral emulsion in the clinic has been discussed. Recently, the secondary development of β-elemene has attracted the attention of researchers and made great progress. On the one hand, studies have been carried out on liposome-based systems (including solid lipid nanoparticles [SLNs], nanostructured lipid carriers [NLCs], long-circulating liposomes, active targeting liposomes, and multidrug-loaded liposomes) and emulsion systems (including microemulsions, self-emulsion drug delivery systems [SEDDSs], and active targeting microemulsion) to solve the issues of poor solubility in water, low bioavailability, and severe phlebitis, as well as to improve antitumor efficacy. The pharmacokinetics of different drug delivery systems of β-elemene are also summarized. On the other hand, a number of highly active anticancer β-elemene derivatives have been obtained through modification of the structure of β-elemene. This review focuses on the two drug delivery systems and derivatives of β-elemene for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtao Zhai
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiying Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- College of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Nana Zhang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Chenxi Li
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Yijun Zeng
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Yu You
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Xiabin Chen
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Xinbing Sui
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
| | - Tian Xie
- Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
- Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China, ;
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Li J, Wang J, Yu J, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Fan Y, Li N, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Knockdown of POLE2 expression suppresses lung adenocarcinoma cell malignant phenotypes in vitro. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2477-2486. [PMID: 30132567 PMCID: PMC6151888 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we profiled β-elemene-regulated gene expression and investigated the effects of the silencing of the DNA polymerase epsilon 2, accessory subunit (POLE2) in lung cancer cells. Differently expressed genes were profiled in A549 cells incubated in the presence or absence of β-elemene by Affymetrix Human Gene Expression Array. POLE2 shRNA was then constructed to knock down POLE2 expression. Cells were counted and phenotypes were assessed via CCK-8, colony formation and caspase-3/-7 activity assays. PathScan antibody array analysis was used to identify shPOLE2-regulated genes. The cDNA microarray identified a total of 721 differentially expressed genes in the A549 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of POLE2 expression inhibited A549 and NCI-H1299 cell proliferation and apoptosis. The PathScan data indicated that expression levels of p-Akt (phosphorylated-protein kinase B, p-AKT/p-PKB), p-Smad2 (phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2), p-p38 MAPK (phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases p38), p-SAPK/JNK (phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase/stress activated protein kinase), cleaved caspase-7, IκBα (nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cell inhibitor, α), p-Chk1 (phosphorylated checkpoint kinase 1), p-IκBα, p-eIF2α (phosphorylated eukayotic translational initiation factor 2α), p-TAK1 (phosphorylated TGF-B-activated kinase 1), survivin and α-tubulin were significantly lower in shPOLE2 cells than these levels in the shCtrl cells. The PathScan data indicated that the expression levels of p-p53 (phosphorylated tumor protein 53) were significantly higher in the shPOLE2 cells than these levels in the shCtrl cells. β-elemene can restrain human lung cancer A549 and NCI-H1299 cell proliferation and apoptosis by suppressing POLE2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Li
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Juanhong Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, The Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, The Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, The Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Ya Dong
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, The Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yali Fan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, The Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Namiao Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, The Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital, The Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, P.R. China
| | - Yili Wang
- Institute of Cancer Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Liu M, Chen X, Ma J, Hassan W, Wu H, Ling J, Shang J. β-Elemene attenuates atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice via restoring NO levels and alleviating oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1789-1798. [PMID: 28962084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Elemene is a major bioactive sesquiterpenoids compound isolated from the essential oils of Curcuma Wenyujin, a Chinese medicinal herb that treats tumor in clinics. However anti-atherosclerotic effects of β-elemene have not been fully investigated in vivo. The objective of this study is to further elucidate the anti-atherosclerotic activities of β-elemene in ApoE-/- mice. Staining techniques and immunohistochemistry were used to validate atherosclerosis. Serum lipids, plasma nitrite and nitrate were analyzed by colorometric methods. ROS and antioxidative enzymes were measured through kits. Proteome profiler array was performed to analyze atherosclerosis-related inflammatory Cytokine. Western blot was used for measuring various proteins expressions. These results revealed that β-elemene inhibited atherosclerotic lesion size and increased stability of plaques in ApoE-/- mice by alleviating levels of vascular oxidative stress and preventing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition β-elemene maintained endothelial function by significantly improving plasma nitrite and nitrate levels and expression of phosphorylation-eNOS in vivo. β-elemene also increased the production of the nitric oxide (NO) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and promoted phosphorylation of eNOSser1177 and Akt in vitro. In Conclusive, data revealed that β-elemene attenuated atherosclerosis and enhanced stability of plaques at least partially through its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory features and protected against endothelial dysfunction in ApoE-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Liu
- Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- CSPC Yuanda (Dalian) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Ji Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Waseem Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Huali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, Jiangsu, China.
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Chang Z, Gao M, Zhang W, Song L, Jia Y, Qin Y. Beta-elemene treatment is associated with improved outcomes of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2017; 26:333-337. [PMID: 29113648 DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the therapeutic effects of concurrent preoperative β-elemene treatment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received concurrent chemoradiotherpay followed by surgery. METHOD The clinicopathological parameters and outcomes of 102 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were studied and compared between patients treated with and without β-elemene. RESULTS β-elemene treatment could prolong the overall survival and progression-free survival. The 3-year overall survival rate was also increased by β-elemene treatment. β-elemene treatment was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and progression-free survival. Occurrence of toxicities associated with chemoradiotherapy was decreased by β-elemene treatment. CONCLUSIONS Findings in this study suggested that β-elemene treatment provided survival benefits and reduced chemoradiotherapy-associated toxicities in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Chang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijie Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Qin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang Z, Jacob JA, Loganathachetti DS, Nainangu P, Chen B. β-Elemene: Mechanistic Studies on Cancer Cell Interaction and Its Chemosensitization Effect. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:105. [PMID: 28337141 PMCID: PMC5343065 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, screening and identifying novel compounds for their biomedical applications has become an upcoming area of research. Identifying the molecular mechanisms of these compounds has become an integral part of anticancer research. β-elemene, a sesquiterpene, is renowned for its anticancer activity against a variety of cell lines. Recent studies on β-elemene have elucidated that it possesses anti-proliferative effect on cancer cells by creating an apoptotic trigger. Interestingly, it also induces protective autophagy in some cancerous cell lines and is less cytotoxic compared to other widely accepted chemotherapeutic agents. This provides an edge with the perception of limited toxicity to normal cells. This mini-review precisely focuses on the studies performed to identify the mechanism of anticancer activity of β-elemene against cancer cells of multiple origin. In accordance to the evaluation made by the studies mentioned, apoptosis has been identified to be most possible reason behind anticancer activity exerted by β-elemene against a variety of cancer cell lines. Cell cycle arrest and necrosis have been credited to be possible alternate mechanisms for the anticancer effect of β-elemene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Jiang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast UniversityNanjing, China; Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Joe A Jacob
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Baoan Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing, China
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Ayers D, Vandesompele J. Influence of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8030095. [PMID: 28273813 PMCID: PMC5368699 DOI: 10.3390/genes8030095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and acquired chemoresistance exhibited by most tumours exposed to conventional chemotherapeutic agents account for the majority of relapse cases in cancer patients. Such chemoresistance phenotypes are of a multi-factorial nature from multiple key molecular players. The discovery of the RNA interference pathway in 1998 and the widespread gene regulatory influences exerted by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs have certainly expanded the level of intricacy present for the development of any single physiological phenotype, including cancer chemoresistance. This review article focuses on the latest research efforts in identifying and validating specific key molecular players from the two main families of non-coding RNAs, namely miRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), having direct or indirect influences in the development of cancer drug resistance properties and how such knowledge can be utilised for novel theranostics in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida MSD2080, Malta.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Jo Vandesompele
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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18
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Mu L, Wang T, Chen Y, Tang X, Yuan Y, Zhao Y. β-Elemene enhances the efficacy of gefitinib on glioblastoma multiforme cells through the inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1427-36. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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SINGH ANILK, BHARDWAJ JITENDERK, OLIVAL ANA, KUMAR YOGESH, PODDER AVIJIT, MAHESHWARI ANKUR, AGRAWAL RENUKA, LATHA N, SINGH BRAJENDRAK, TOMÁS HELENA, RODRIGUES JOÃO, KISHAN RAM, RUPINI B, RATHI BRIJESH. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Arylpiperazine-based novel Phthalimides: Active inducers of testicular germ cell apoptosis. J CHEM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-016-1122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Novel piperazine core compound induces death in human liver cancer cells: possible pharmacological properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24172. [PMID: 27072064 PMCID: PMC4829832 DOI: 10.1038/srep24172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study evaluates the cytotoxic mechanism of a novel piperazine derivate designated as PCC against human liver cancer cells. In this context, human liver cancer cell lines, SNU-475 and 243, human monocyte/macrophage cell line, CRL-9855, and human B lymphocyte cell line, CCL-156, were used to determine the IC50 of PCC using the standard MTT assay. PCC displayed a strong suppressive effect on SNU-475 and SNU-423 cells with an IC50 value of 6.98 ± 0.11 μg/ml and 7.76 ± 0.45 μg/ml respectively, after 24 h of treatment. Significant dipping in the mitochondrial membrane potential and elevation in the released of cytochrome c from the mitochondria indicated the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by PCC. Activation of this pathway was further evidenced by significant activation of caspase 3/7 and 9. PCC was also shown to activate the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis via activation of caspase-8 which is linked to the suppression of NF-ƙB translocation to the nucleus. Cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase was confirmed by flow cytometry and up-regulation of glutathione reductase expression was quantified by qPCR. This study suggests that PCC is a simultaneous inducer of intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in liver cancer cell lines.
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Samie N, Muniandy S, Kanthimathi MS, Haerian BS. Mechanism of action of novel piperazine containing a toxicant against human liver cancer cells. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1588. [PMID: 27019772 PMCID: PMC4806608 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the cytotoxic potential of a novel piperazine derivative (PCC) against human liver cancer cells. SNU-475 and 423 human liver cancer cell lines were used to determine the IC50 of PCC using the standard MTT assay. PCC displayed a strong suppressive effect on liver cancer cells with an IC50 value of 6.98 ± 0.11 µM and 7.76 ± 0.45 µM against SNU-475 and SNU-423 respectively after 24 h of treatment. Significant dipping in the mitochondrial membrane potential and elevation in the released of cytochrome c from the mitochondria indicated the induction of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by PCC. Activation of this pathway was further evidenced by significant activation of caspase 3/7 and 9. PCC was also shown to activate the extrinsic pathways of apoptosis via activation of caspase-8 which is linked to the suppression of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase was confirmed by flow cytometry and up-regulation of glutathione reductase expression was quantified by qPCR. Results of this study suggest that PCC is a potent anti-cancer agent inducing both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis in liver cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Samie
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sekaran Muniandy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - MS Kanthimathi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Malaya Centre for Proteomics Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Batoul Sadat Haerian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Li X, Lin Z, Zhang B, Guo L, Liu S, Li H, Zhang J, Ye Q. β-elemene sensitizes hepatocellular carcinoma cells to oxaliplatin by preventing oxaliplatin-induced degradation of copper transporter 1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21010. [PMID: 26867799 PMCID: PMC4751482 DOI: 10.1038/srep21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
β-elemene, a Curcuma wenyujin plant extract, has been used widely as a tumor adjuvant therapeutic agent. However, how to obtain optimum therapeutic effects by combining this compound with other agents remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-elemene, which alone had little effect on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell proliferation, exerted a synergistic anti-proliferative effect in HCC cells when dosed in combination with oxaliplatin, which increased the amounts of platinum accumulation and platinum-DNA adduct significantly and augmented the oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis. Western blot and laser scanning confocal microscopy studies indicated that β-elemene enhanced the sensitivity of HCC cells to oxaliplatin by upregulating copper transporter 1 (CTR1), a major controller of intracellular platinum accumulation. In an orthotopic transplantation HCC model in nude mice, HCC tumor growth was inhibited significantly by oxaliplatin combined with β-elemene, as compared with oxaliplatin alone. Notably, CTR1 protein expression in xenograft HCC was upregulated in mice who received β-elemene treatment. Taken together, our findings show that β-elemene can block the reduction of CTR1 resulting from oxaliplatin treatment, and therefore has a synergistic anti-HCC effect with oxaliplatin by enhancing cellular uptake of oxaliplatin. The synergistic effects of β-elemene and oxaliplatin deserve further evaluation in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Li
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Zhenhai Lin
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Lei Guo
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Hui Li
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Jubo Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
| | - Qinghai Ye
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, P.R.China
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Zou S, Wang C, Cui Z, Guo P, Meng Q, Shi X, Gao Y, Yang G, Han Z. β-Elemene induces apoptosis of human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes via reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:7-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu S, Zhou L, Zhao Y, Yuan Y. β-elemene enhances both radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of glioblastoma cells through the inhibition of the ATM signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:943-51. [PMID: 26062577 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a tumor associated with poor prognosis, is known to be resistant to radiotherapy and alkylating agents such as temozolomide (TMZ). β-elemene, a monomer found in Chinese traditional herbs extracted from Curcuma wenyujin, is currently being used as an antitumor drug for different types of tumors including GBM. In the present study, we investigated the roles of β-elemene in the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of GBM cells. Human GBM cell lines U87-MG, T98G, U251, LN229 and rat C6 cells were treated with β-elemene combined with radiation or TMZ. We used MTT and colony forming assays to evaluate the proliferation and survival of the cells, and the comet assay to observe DNA damage. Expression of proteins was analyzed by immunoblotting. In the present study, we found that β-elemene inhibited the proliferation and survival of different GBM cell lines when combined with radiotherapy or TMZ via inhibition of DNA damage repair. Treatment of GBM cells with β-elemene decreased the phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), AKT and ERK following radiotherapy or chemotherapy. These results revealed that β-elemene could significantly increase the radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity of GBM. β-elemene may be used as a potential drug in combination with the radiotherapy and chemotherapy of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yongshun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yuhui Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center; The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University Cancer Center, Dalian, Liaoning, P.R. China
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Li CL, Chang L, Guo L, Zhao D, Liu HB, Wang QS, Zhang P, Du WZ, Liu X, Zhang HT, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Xie JH, Ming JG, Cui YQ, Sun Y, Zhang ZR, Jiang CL. β-elemene Induces Caspase-dependent Apoptosis in Human Glioma Cells in vitro through the Upregulation of Bax and Fas/FasL and Downregulation of Bcl-2. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:10407-12. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.23.10407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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ETME, a novel β-elemene derivative, synergizes with arsenic trioxide in inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in hepatocarcinoma cells via a p53-dependent pathway. Acta Pharm Sin B 2014; 4:424-9. [PMID: 26579413 PMCID: PMC4629106 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) has been identified as an effective treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) but is much less effective against solid tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the search for ways to enhance its therapeutic efficacy against solid tumors, we have examined its use in combination with a novel derivative of β-elemene, N-(β-elemene-13-yl)tryptophan methyl ester (ETME). Here we report the effects of the combination on cell viability, apoptosis, the cell cycle and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) in HCC SMMC-7721 cells. We found that the two compounds acted synergistically to enhance antiproliferative activity and apoptosis. The combination also decreased the MMP, down-regulated Bcl-2 and pro-proteins of the caspase family, and up-regulated Bax and BID, all of which were reversed by the p53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α. In addition, the combination induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and reduced tumor volume and weight in an xenograft model of nude mice. Overall, the results suggest that ETME in combination with ATO may be useful in the treatment of HCC patients particularly those unresponsive to ATO alone.
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major resistance factor and critical anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis as well as chemotherapy-triggered apoptosis in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent and-independent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Moreover, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective signaling molecules. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its downregulation has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and efforts are underway to develop other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the functional role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and drug resistance; (2) the molecular mechanisms that regulate c-FLIP expression; and (3) strategies to inhibit c-FLIP expression and function.
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Aggarwal BB, Yuan W, Li S, Gupta SC. Curcumin-free turmeric exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities: Identification of novel components of turmeric. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1529-42. [PMID: 23847105 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Turmeric, a dried powder derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has been used for centuries in certain parts of the world and has been linked to numerous biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antigrowth, anti-arthritic, anti-atherosclerotic, antidepressant, anti-aging, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, wound healing, and memory-enhancing activities. One component of turmeric is curcumin, which has been extensively studied, as indicated by more than 5600 citations, most of which have appeared within the past decade. Recent research has identified numerous chemical entities from turmeric other than curcumin. It is unclear whether all of the activities ascribed to turmeric are due to curcumin or whether other compounds in turmeric can manifest these activities uniquely, additively, or synergistically with curcumin. However, studies have indicated that turmeric oil, present in turmeric, can enhance the bioavailability of curcumin. Studies over the past decade have indicated that curcumin-free turmeric (CFT) components possess numerous biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. Elemene derived from turmeric is approved in China for the treatment of cancer. The current review focuses on the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities exhibited by CFT and by some individual components of turmeric, including turmerin, turmerone, elemene, furanodiene, curdione, bisacurone, cyclocurcumin, calebin A, and germacrone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat B Aggarwal
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Li Y. β-elemene decreases cell invasion by upregulating E-cadherin expression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2013; 30:745-50. [PMID: 23732279 DOI: 10.3892/or.2013.2519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of E-cadherin results in cell migration and invasion, hence leading to cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. Downregulation of E-cadherin is closely correlated with a poor prognosis in invasive breast cancer. Thus, re-introducing E-cadherin is a novel strategy for cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine, β-elemene (ELE), on E-cadherin expression, cell migration and invasion in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. MCF-7 cells were treated with 50 and 100 µg/ml ELE. E-cadherin mRNA was analyzed by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. E-cadherin protein levels were determined by immunofluorescence and western blot assays. Cell motility was measured by a Transwell assay. ELE increased both the protein and mRNA levels of E-cadherin, accompanied by decreased cell migration and invasion. Further analysis demonstrated that ELE upregulated estrogen receptor‑α (ERα) and metastasis-associated protein 3 (MTA3), and decreased the nuclear transcription factor Snail. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that ELE decreases cell migration and invasion by upregulating E-cadherin expression via controlling the ERα/MTA3/Snail signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, PR China
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The role of E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl proteins in β-elemene reversing multi-drug resistance of human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10075-89. [PMID: 23665906 PMCID: PMC3676829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140510075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 04/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that β-elemene, a compound isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Curcuma wenyujin, is capable of reversing tumor MDR, although the mechanism remains elusive. In this study, β-Elemene treatment markedly increased the intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin (DOX) and rhodamine 123 in both K562/DNR and SGC7901/ADR cells and significantly inhibited the expression of P-gp. Treatment of SGC7901/ADR cells with β-elemene led to downregulation of Akt phosphorylation and significant upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligases, c-Cbl and Cbl-b. Importantly, β-elemene significantly enhanced the anti-tumor activity of DOX in nude mice bearing SGC7901/ADR xenografts. Taken together, our results suggest that β-elemene may target P-gp-overexpressing leukemia and gastric cancer cells to enhance the efficacy of DOX treatment.
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β -Elemene-Attenuated Tumor Angiogenesis by Targeting Notch-1 in Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:268468. [PMID: 23710217 PMCID: PMC3655606 DOI: 10.1155/2013/268468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that cancer stem cells are involved in tumor angiogenesis. The Notch signaling pathway is one of the most important regulators of these processes. β-Elemene, a naturally occurring compound extracted from Curcumae Radix, has been used as an antitumor drug for various cancers in China. However, its underlying mechanism in the treatment of gastric cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we report that CD44+ gastric cancer stem-like cells (GCSCs) showed enhanced proliferation capacity compared to their CD44− counterparts, and this proliferation was accompanied by the high expression of Notch-1 (in vitro). These cells were also more superior in spheroid colony formation (in vitro) and tumorigenicity (in vivo) and positively associated with microvessel density (in vivo). β-Elemene was demonstrated to effectively inhibit the viability of GCSCs in a dose-dependent manner, most likely by suppressing Notch-1 (in vitro). β-Elemene also contributed to growth suppression and attenuated the angiogenesis capacity of these cells (in vivo) most likely by interfering with the expression of Notch-1 but not with Dll4. Our findings indicated that GCSCs play an important role in tumor angiogenesis, and Notch-1 is one of the most likely mediators involved in these processes. β-Elemene was effective at attenuating angiogenesis by targeting the GCSCs, which could be regarded as a potential mechanism for its efficacy in gastric cancer management in the future.
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Afzal A, Oriqat G, Akram Khan M, Jose J, Afzal M. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Terpenoids fromCurcumaand Related Species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/22311866.2013.782757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major antiapoptotic protein and an important cytokine and chemotherapy resistance factor that suppresses cytokine- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIPL), short (c-FLIPS), and c-FLIPR splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 and TRAIL receptor 5 (DR5). This interaction in turn prevents Death-Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. c-FLIPL and c-FLIPS are also known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective and pro-survival signaling proteins including Akt, ERK, and NF-κB. In addition to its role in apoptosis, c-FLIP is involved in programmed necroptosis (necrosis) and autophagy. Necroptosis is regulated by the Ripoptosome, which is a signaling intracellular cell death platform complex. The Ripoptosome contains receptor-interacting protein-1/Receptor-Interacting Protein-3 (RIP1), caspase-8, caspase-10, FADD, and c-FLIP isoforms involved in switching apoptotic and necroptotic cell death. c-FLIP regulates the Ripoptosome; in addition to its role in apoptosis, it is therefore also involved in necrosis. c-FLIPL attenuates autophagy by direct acting on the autophagy machinery by competing with Atg3 binding to LC3, thereby decreasing LC3 processing and inhibiting autophagosome formation. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its silencing has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. This review focuses on (1) the anti-apoptotic role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and chemotherapy drug resistance, as well as its roles in necrosis and autophagy, and (2) modulation of c-FLIP expression as a means to enhance apoptosis and modulate necrosis and autophagy in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA ; Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN 46202, USA
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Ayers D, Nasti A. Utilisation of nanoparticle technology in cancer chemoresistance. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2012; 2012:265691. [PMID: 23213536 PMCID: PMC3505656 DOI: 10.1155/2012/265691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs in the fight against cancer has played an invariably essential role for minimizing the extent of tumour progression and/or metastases in the patient and thus allowing for longer event free survival periods following chemotherapy. However, such therapeutics are nonspecific and bring with them dose-dependent cumulative adverse effects which can severely exacerbate patient suffering. In addition, the emergence of innate and/or acquired chemoresistance to the exposed cytotoxic agents undoubtedly serves to thwart effective clinical efficacy of chemotherapy in the cancer patient. The advent of nanotechnology has led to the development of a myriad of nanoparticle-based strategies with the specific goal to overcome such therapeutic hurdles in multiple cancer conditions. This paper aims to provide a brief overview and recollection of all the latest advances in the last few years concerning the application of nanoparticle technology to enhance the safe and effective delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumour site, together with providing possible solutions to circumvent cancer chemoresistance in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Ayers
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Surgery, University of Malta, Msida MSD 2060, Malta
| | - Alessandro Nasti
- School of Medicine, Kanazawa University Hospital, University of Kanazawa, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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Systematic review of β-elemene injection as adjunctive treatment for lung cancer. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:813-23. [PMID: 23086485 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of β-elemene Injection as an adjunctive treatment for lung cancer by systematic review. METHODS We retrieved randomized controlled clinical trials related to the use of β-elemene Injection as an adjunctive treatment for lung cancer from Chinese Biomedical (CBMweb), Chinese Medical Current Content (CMCC), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), ChinaInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE, EMBASE, OVID and TCMLARS. We also referred to an unpublished conference proceeding titled Clinical Use and Basic: Elemene Injection. We then divided the studies into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subgroups by RevMan 5.1 software. RESULTS A total of 21 source documents (1,467 patients) matched pre-specified criteria for determining the effectiveness and safety of β-elemene Injection as an adjunctive treatment for lung cancer. Five studies involving 285 NSCLC patients reported a higher 24-month survival rate (39.09%) with the adjunctive treatment than with chemotherapy alone (26.17%; RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.21). Four studies involving 445 patients reported that the increased probability for improved performance status for patients treated with elemene-based combinations was higher than that of patients treated with chemotherapy alone (RR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.45 to 2.29). The results from a subgroup analysis on 12 studies involving 974 NSCLC patients and 9 studies involving 593 patients with both SCLC and NSCLC showed that the tumor control rate for NSCLC improved more in the elemene-based combinations treatment group (78.70%) than in the chemotherapy alone control group (71.31%; RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.12). The tumor response rate for NSCLC also improved more among patients treated with elemenebased combinations (50.71%) than among patients treated with chemotherapy alone (38.04%; RR, 1.34; 95%CI, 1.17 to 1.54). In addition, the main adverse reaction to β-elemene Injection was phlebitis, but usually only to a mild degree. An Egger's test showed no publication bias in our study (P=0.7030). CONCLUSIONS The effectiveness of chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancer may improve when combined with β-elemene injection as an adjunctive treatment. The combined treatment can result in an improved quality of life and prolonged survival. However, these results require confirmation by rigorously controlled trials.
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Lu JJ, Dang YY, Huang M, Xu WS, Chen XP, Wang YT. Anti-cancer properties of terpenoids isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae--a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:406-411. [PMID: 22820242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhizoma Curcumae is a popular type of traditional Chinese medicine whose essential oils are widely used in the treatment of cancer in China. This review aims to systematically summarize and analyze the anti-cancer properties of terpenoids, the main components of essential oils in Rhizoma Curcumae, and thus enable the development of new anti-cancer drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on the recent progress of anti-cancer studies on terpenoids isolated from Rhizoma Curcumae, including β-elemene, δ-elemene, furanodiene, furanodienone, curcumol, and germacrone, was gathered and analyzed. RESULTS Among these terpenoids, β-elemene is the most widely studied, whereas δ-elemene, furanodiene, furanodienone, curcumol, and germacrone have just recently attracted the attention of researchers. The anti-cancer effects of these terpenoids are related to the retardation of cell cycle arrest, the induction of apoptosis, and the inhibition of metastasis or tissue invasion, among others. CONCLUSIONS Most studies have focused on the in vitro data, and in vivo data is urgently needed. Further insight into the anti-cancer activity and the molecular basis of these compounds, combined with efforts in pharmaceutical chemistry and/or pharmaceutics, will potentially enable the development of new anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Av. Padre Toma's Pereira S.J., Taipa, Macao SAR, PR China
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Liang D, Yang M, Guo B, Yang L, Cao J, Zhang X. HIF-1α induced by β-elemene protects human osteosarcoma cells from undergoing apoptosis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1865-77. [PMID: 22736026 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Elemene, isolated from more than 50 Chinese herbs and plants, has shown promising anticancer effects against a broad spectrum of tumors, such as lung, breast, prostate, cervical, colon and ovarian carcinomas (Wang et al. in Cell Mol Life Sci 62:881-893, 2005; Li et al. in Cell Mol Life Sci 62:894-904, 2005; J Pharm Pharmacol 62(8):1018-1027, 2010). But it has not reported in osteosarcoma cells. The aim of the present study is to investigate the antitumor effect of β-elemene on human osteosarcoma cancer cells and the molecular mechanism involved. RESULTS β-Elemene inhibited the viability of human osteosarcoma cells in a dose-time-dependent manner. The suppression of cell viability was due to the induction of apoptosis. Our study also found that β-elemene treatment upregulated HIF-1α protein, which partially inhibits apoptosis. Knockdown of HIF-1α with small interfering RNA or co-treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor YC-1 significantly enhanced the antitumor effects of β-elemene. CONCLUSIONS Our study first found that β-elemene could increase the expression of HIF-1α through ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTor signaling pathway. And HIF-1α partially prevents human osteosarcoma cells from undergoing apoptosis. The anticancer effects of β-elemene was weakened by HIF-1α. So, we recognize that a combination of β-elemene with HIF-1α inhibitor might be a useful therapeutic option for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No 155 Nanjing North Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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WU QIULING, LV TINGTING, CHEN YAN, WEN LU, ZHANG JUNLI, JIANG XUDONG, LIU FANG. Apoptosis of HL-60 human leukemia cells induced by Asiatic acid through modulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 family proteins and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2012; 12:1429-34. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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