1
|
De Marco K, Lepore Signorile M, Di Nicola E, Sanese P, Fasano C, Forte G, Disciglio V, Pantaleo A, Varchi G, Del Rio A, Grossi V, Simone C. SMYD3 Modulates the HGF/MET Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2481. [PMID: 37887325 PMCID: PMC10605494 DOI: 10.3390/cells12202481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most deadly cancer worldwide. Considerable efforts have been made to find targetable drivers in order to improve patient outcomes. MET is one of the most important factors involved in GC initiation and progression as it plays a major role in GC invasiveness and is related to cancer stemness. Unfortunately, treatment strategies targeting MET are still limited, with a proportion of patients responding to therapy but later developing resistance. Here, we showed that MET is a molecular partner of the SMYD3 methyltransferase in GC cells. Moreover, we found that SMYD3 pharmacological inhibition affects the HGF/MET downstream signaling pathway. Extensive cellular analyses in GC models indicated that EM127, a novel active site-selective covalent SMYD3 inhibitor, can be used as part of a synergistic approach with MET inhibitors in order to enhance the targeting of the HGF/MET pathway. Importantly, our data were confirmed in a 3D GC cell culture system, which was used as a surrogate to evaluate stemness characteristics. Our findings identify SMYD3 as a promising therapeutic target to impair the HGF/MET pathway for the treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia De Marco
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Martina Lepore Signorile
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Nicola
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Paola Sanese
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Candida Fasano
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Giovanna Forte
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Vittoria Disciglio
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Antonino Pantaleo
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Greta Varchi
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (A.D.R.)
| | - Alberto Del Rio
- Institute for Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy; (G.V.); (A.D.R.)
- Innovamol Consulting Srl, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Grossi
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetics, National Institute for Gastroenterology—IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy; (K.D.M.); (M.L.S.); (E.D.N.); (P.S.); (C.F.); (G.F.); (V.D.); (A.P.)
- Medical Genetics, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonic Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu X, Lu Y, Lu S. Landscape of Savolitinib Development for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with MET Alteration-A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246122. [PMID: 36551608 PMCID: PMC9776447 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is increasingly being treated with targeted therapies. Savolitinib (Orpathys®) is highly selective mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which is conditionally approved in China for advanced NSCLC with MET exon 14 skipping mutations (METex14). This article summarizes the clinical development of savolitinib, as a monotherapy in NSCLC with METex14 mutation and in combination with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor in post EGFR-TKI resistance NSCLC due to MET-based acquired resistance. Preclinical models demonstrated anti-tumor activities in MET-driven cancer cell line and xenograft tumor models. The Phase Ia/Ib study established an optimized, recommended phase II dose in Chinese NSCLC patients, while TATTON study of savolitinib plus osimertinib in patients with EGFR mutant, MET-amplified and TKI-progressed NSCLC showed beneficial efficacy with acceptable safety profile. In a pivotal phase II study, Chinese patients with pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma, brain metastasis and other NSCLC subtype positive for METex14 mutation showed notable responses and acceptable safety profile with savolitinib. Currently, results from ongoing clinical trials are eagerly anticipated to confirm the efficacious and safety benefits of savolitinib as monotherapy and in combination with EGFR-TKI in acquired resistance setting in advanced NSCLC and its subtypes with MET alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokuan Zhu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yao Lu
- AstraZeneca China, Shanghai 201200, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jones GS, Hoadley KA, Benefield H, Olsson LT, Hamilton AM, Bhattacharya A, Kirk EL, Tipaldos HJ, Fleming JM, Williams KP, Love MI, Nichols HB, Olshan AF, Troester MA. Racial differences in breast cancer outcomes by hepatocyte growth factor pathway expression. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 192:447-455. [PMID: 35034243 PMCID: PMC9380654 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06497-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Black women have a 40% increased risk of breast cancer-related mortality. These outcome disparities may reflect differences in tumor pathways and a lack of targetable therapies for specific subtypes that are more common in Black women. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a targetable pathway that promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis, is associated with basal-like breast cancer, and is differentially expressed by race. This study assessed whether a 38-gene HGF expression signature is associated with recurrence and survival in Black and non-Black women. METHODS Study participants included 1957 invasive breast cancer cases from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study. The HGF signature was evaluated in association with recurrence (n = 1251, 171 recurrences), overall, and breast cancer-specific mortality (n = 706, 190/328 breast cancer/overall deaths) using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Women with HGF-positive tumors had higher recurrence rates [HR 1.88, 95% CI (1.19, 2.98)], breast cancer-specific mortality [HR 1.90, 95% CI (1.26, 2.85)], and overall mortality [HR 1.69; 95% CI (1.17, 2.43)]. Among Black women, HGF positivity was significantly associated with higher 5-year rate of recurrence [HR 1.73; 95% CI (1.01, 2.99)], but this association was not significant in non-Black women [HR 1.68; 95% CI (0.72, 3.90)]. Among Black women, HGF-positive tumors had elevated breast cancer-specific mortality [HR 1.80, 95% CI (1.05, 3.09)], which was not significant in non-Black women [HR 1.52; 95% CI (0.78, 2.99)]. CONCLUSION This multi-gene HGF signature is a poor-prognosis feature for breast cancer and may identify patients who could benefit from HGF-targeted treatments, an unmet need for Black and triple-negative patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gieira S Jones
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Katherine A Hoadley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Halei Benefield
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Linnea T Olsson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Alina M Hamilton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Arjun Bhattacharya
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Erin L Kirk
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
| | - Heather J Tipaldos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jodie M Fleming
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Kevin P Williams
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, USA
| | - Michael I Love
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Hazel B Nichols
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Melissa A Troester
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 253 Rosenau Hall, CB #7435, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7400, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Phase I Study of Ficlatuzumab and Cetuximab in Cetuximab-Resistant, Recurrent/Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061537. [PMID: 32545260 PMCID: PMC7352434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb), is approved for advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) but benefits a minority. An established tumor-intrinsic resistance mechanism is cross-talk between the EGFR and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/cMet pathways. Dual pathway inhibition may overcome cetuximab resistance. This Phase I study evaluated the combination of cetuximab and ficlatuzumab, an anti-HGF mAb, in patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC. The primary objective was to establish the recommended Phase II dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Mechanistic tumor-intrinsic and immune biomarkers were explored. Thirteen patients enrolled with no dose-limiting toxicities observed at any dose tier. Three evaluable patients were treated at Tier 1 and nine at Tier 2, which was determined to be the RP2D (cetuximab 500 mg/m2 and ficlatuzumab 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks). Median PFS and OS were 5.4 (90% CI = 1.9–11.4) and 8.9 (90% CI = 2.7–15.2) months, respectively, with a confirmed ORR of 2 of 12 (17%; 90% CI = 6–40%). High circulating soluble cMet levels correlated with poor survival. An increase in peripheral T cells, particularly the CD8+ subset, was associated with treatment response whereas progression was associated with expansion of a distinct myeloid population. This well-tolerated combination demonstrated promising activity in cetuximab-resistant, advanced HNSCC.
Collapse
|
5
|
Moghadam S, Erfanmanesh M, Esmaeilzadeh A. Interleukin 35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor; as a novel combined immune gene therapy for Multiple Sclerosis disease. Med Hypotheses 2017; 109:102-105. [PMID: 29150266 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An autoimmune demyelination disease of the Central Nervous System, Multiple Sclerosis, is a chronic inflammation which mostly involves young adults. Suffering people face functional loss with a severe pain. Most current MS treatments are focused on the immune response suppression. Approved drugs suppress the inflammatory process, but factually, there is no definite cure for Multiple Sclerosis. Recently developed knowledge has demonstrated that gene and cell therapy as a hopeful approach in tissue regeneration. The authors propose a novel combined immune gene therapy for Multiple Sclerosis treatment using anti-inflammatory and remyelination of Interleukine-35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor properties, respectively. In this hypothesis Interleukine-35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor introduce to Mesenchymal Stem Cells of EAE mouse model via an adenovirus based vector. It is expected that Interleukine-35 and Hepatocyte Growth Factor genes expressed from MSCs could effectively perform in immunotherapy of Multiple Sclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Moghadam
- School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Erfanmanesh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Saad S, Richardsen E, Kilvaer TK, Donnem T, Andersen S, Khanehkenari M, Bremnes RM, Busund LT. The impact of MET, IGF-1, IGF1R expression and EGFR mutations on survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181527. [PMID: 28742836 PMCID: PMC5526580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To compare the efficacy of silver in situ hybridization (SISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in detecting MET and IGF1R alterations and to investigate their prevalence and prognostic significance. A possible correlation between MET receptor expression, MET gene alterations and the two most frequent occurring EGFR gene mutations was also investigated. Materials and methods Stage I to IIIA tumors from 326 patients with NSCLC were immunohistochemically tested for protein expression of MET and IGF-1. Their cytoplasmic expression was compared with the gene copy number of the MET and IGF1Rgenes by SISH in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed material. Correlations were made with the immunohistochemical expression of two frequent EGFR mutations and clinicopathological variables. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses was used to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of the tested markers. Results In univariate analyses, high cytoplasmic MET expression showed a significant negative prognostic effect in adenocarcinoma patients (p = 0.026). MET gene to chromosome 7 ratio was a significant positive prognostic marker (p = 0.005), probably only due to the highly negative prognostic significance of chromosome 7 polysomy (p = 0.002). High IGF1R gene copy number was a negative prognostic marker for all NSCLC patients (p = 0.037). In the multivariate analysis, polysomy of chromosome 7 in tumor cells correlated significantly and independently with a poor prognosis (p = 0.011). In patients with adenocarcinoma, a high cytoplasmic MET expression was an independent negative prognostic marker (p = 0.013). In males a high IGF1R gene copy number to chromosome 15 count ratio was significantly and independently correlated to a poor prognosis (p = 0.018). Conclusion MET protein expression provides superior prognostic information compared with SISH. Polysomy of chromosome 7 is an independent negative prognostic factor in NSCLC patients. This finding has an important implication while examining genes located on chromosome 7 by means of SISH. High IGF1R gene copy number to chromosome 15 count ratio is an independent predictor of inferior survival in male patients with primary NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Al-Saad
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Elin Richardsen
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Thomas K. Kilvaer
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Tom Donnem
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Sigve Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Mehrdad Khanehkenari
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Roy M. Bremnes
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| | - Lill-Tove Busund
- Institute of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromso, Norway
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromso, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang WG, Ye L, Ruge F, Owen S, Martin T, Sun PH, Sanders AJ, Lane J, Satherley L, Weeks HP, Gao Y, Wei C, Wu Y, Mason MD. YangZheng XiaoJi exerts anti-tumour growth effects by antagonising the effects of HGF and its receptor, cMET, in human lung cancer cells. J Transl Med 2015; 13:280. [PMID: 26310485 PMCID: PMC4551384 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a cytokine that has a profound effect on cancer cells by stimulating migration and invasion and acting as an angiogenic factor. In lung cancer, the factor also plays a pivotal role and is linked to a poor outcome in patients. In particular, HGF is known to work in combination with EGF on lung cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a traditional Chinese medicine reported in cancer therapies, namely YangZheng XiaoJi (YZXJ) on lung cancer and on HGF mediated migration and invasion of lung cancer cells. METHODS Human lung cancer cells, SKMES1 and A549 were used in the study. An extract from the medicine was used. Cell migration was investigated using the EVOS and by ECIS. Cell-matrix adhesion and in vitro invasion were assessed. In vivo growth of lung cancer was tested using an in vivo xenograft tumour model and activation of the HGF receptor in lung tumours by an immunofluorescence method. RESULTS Both lung cancer cells increased their migration in response to HGF and responded to YZXJ by reducing their speed of migration. YZXJ markedly reduced the migration and in vitro invasiveness induced by HGF. It worked synergistically with PHA665752 and SU11274, HGF receptor inhibitors on the lung cancer cells both on HGF receptor activation and on cell functions. A combination of HGF and EGF resulted in a greater increase in cell migration, which was similarly inhibited by YZXJ, and in combination with the HGF receptor and EGF receptor inhibitors. In vivo, YZXJ reduced the rate of tumour growth and potentiated the effects of PHA665752 on tumour growth. It was further revealed that YZXJ significantly reduced the degree of phosphorylation of the HGF receptor in lung tumours. CONCLUSION YZXJ has a significant role in reducing the migration, invasion and in vivo tumour growth of lung cancer and acts to inhibit the migratory and invasive effects induced by HGF and indeed by HGF/EGF. This effect is likely attributed to the inhibition of the HGF receptor activation. These results indicate that YZXJ has a therapeutic role in lung cancer and that combined strategy with methods to block HGF and EGF should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Fiona Ruge
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Sioned Owen
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Tracey Martin
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Ping-Hui Sun
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Andrew J Sanders
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Jane Lane
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Lucy Satherley
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Hoi P Weeks
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Yong Gao
- Yiling Medical Research Institute, No. 238 TianShan DaJie, Shijianzhuang, HeBei Province, China.
| | - Cong Wei
- Yiling Medical Research Institute, No. 238 TianShan DaJie, Shijianzhuang, HeBei Province, China.
| | - Yiling Wu
- Yiling Medical Research Institute, No. 238 TianShan DaJie, Shijianzhuang, HeBei Province, China.
| | - Malcolm D Mason
- Cardiff University-Peking University Cancer Institute, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Henry Wellcome Building, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ho-Yen CM, Jones JL, Kermorgant S. The clinical and functional significance of c-Met in breast cancer: a review. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:52. [PMID: 25887320 PMCID: PMC4389345 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase that upon binding of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), activates downstream pathways with diverse cellular functions that are important in organ development and cancer progression. Anomalous c-Met signalling has been described in a variety of cancer types, and the receptor is regarded as a novel therapeutic target. In breast cancer there is a need to develop new treatments, particularly for the aggressive subtypes such as triple-negative and basal-like cancer, which currently lack targeted therapy. Over the last two decades, much has been learnt about the functional role of c-Met signalling in different models of breast development and cancer. This work has been complemented by clinical studies, establishing the prognostic significance of c-Met in tissue samples of breast cancer. While the clinical trials of anti-c-Met therapy in advanced breast cancer progress, there is a need to review the existing evidence so that the potential of these treatments can be better appreciated. The aim of this article is to examine the role of HGF/c-Met signalling in in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer, to describe the mechanisms of aberrant c-Met signalling in human tissues, and to give a brief overview of the anti-c-Met therapies currently being evaluated in breast cancer patients. We will show that the HGF/c-Met pathway is associated with breast cancer progression and suggest that there is a firm basis for continued development of anti-c-Met treatment, particularly for patients with basal-like and triple-negative breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colan M Ho-Yen
- Department of Cellular Pathology, St George's Healthcare NHS Trust, Blackshaw Road, Tooting, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Stephanie Kermorgant
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hack SP, Bruey JM, Koeppen H. HGF/MET-directed therapeutics in gastroesophageal cancer: a review of clinical and biomarker development. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2866-80. [PMID: 24930887 PMCID: PMC4102777 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the HGF/MET signaling axis has been strongly implicated in the malignant transformation and progression of gastroesophageal cancer (GEC). MET receptor overexpression in tumor samples from GEC patients has been consistently correlated with an aggressive metastatic phenotype and poor prognosis. In preclinical GEC models, abrogation of HGF/MET signaling has been shown to induce tumor regression as well as inhibition of metastatic dissemination. Promising clinical results in patient subsets in which MET is overexpressed have spurned several randomized studies of HGF/MET-directed agents, including two pivotal global Phase III trials. Available data highlight the need for predictive biomarkers in order to select patients most likely to benefit from HGF/MET inhibition. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of mechanisms of MET activation in GEC, the current status of the clinical evaluation of MET-targeted therapies in GEC, characteristics of ongoing randomized GEC trials and the associated efforts to identify and validate biomarkers. We also discuss the considerations and challenges for HGF/MET inhibitor drug development in the GEC setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Hack
- Product Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beretti F, Manni P, Longo C, Argenziano G, Farnetani F, Cesinaro AM, Witkowski AM, De Pol A, Pellacani G. CD271 is expressed in melanomas with more aggressive behaviour, with correlation of characteristic morphology by in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy. Br J Dermatol 2015; 172:662-8. [PMID: 25066225 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is the most highly aggressive type of skin cancer. Its resistance to existing treatments and the rapid rise in incidence underscore the importance of acquiring a better understanding of melanomagenesis. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) on the description of cell morphology, which may influence the growth pattern and changes with increasing tumour severity, correlating with biological aspects. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 30 primary melanomas in vivo, evaluated by RCM, to correlate cell morphology and cellular arrangement with a marker of melanoma progression (CD271) using immunohistochemical evaluations. RESULTS Typical cells organized in dermal nests with peculiar in vivo confocal morphology result in melanoma with high malignancy and positivity to CD271. This architecture might be due to the presence of a type of cells, intrinsically predisposed to invasion, as a result of dedifferentiation programming, revealed by expression of the neural crest marker CD271. CONCLUSIONS With the hypothesis that dedifferentiated cells would be strongly responsible for initiation of tumour development and progression, we propose that CD271 detection could be associated with RCM evaluation in order to detect more aggressive melanoma subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Beretti
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Largo del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gruver AM, Liu L, Vaillancourt P, Yan SB, Cook JD, Roseberry Baker JA, Felke EM, Lacy ME, Marchal CC, Szpurka H, Holzer TR, Rhoads EK, Zeng W, Wortinger MA, Lu J, Chow C, Denning IJ, Beuerlein G, Davies J, Hanson JC, Credille KM, Wijayawardana SR, Schade AE. Immunohistochemical application of a highly sensitive and specific murine monoclonal antibody recognising the extracellular domain of the human hepatocyte growth factor receptor (
MET
). Histopathology 2014; 65:879-96. [DOI: 10.1111/his.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Gruver
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Ling Liu
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | | | - Sau‐Chi B Yan
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Joel D Cook
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | | | - Erin M Felke
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Megan E Lacy
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | | | - Hadrian Szpurka
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Timothy R. Holzer
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Emily K Rhoads
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Wei Zeng
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Mark A Wortinger
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Jirong Lu
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Chi‐kin Chow
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Irene J Denning
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Gregory Beuerlein
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Julian Davies
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Jeff C Hanson
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Kelly M Credille
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| | | | - Andrew E Schade
- Lilly Research Laboratories Eli Lilly and Company Indianapolis IN USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dimou A, Papadimitrakopoulou V. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer beyond Biomarkers: The Evolving Landscape of Clinical Trial Design. J Pers Med 2014; 4:386-401. [PMID: 25563357 PMCID: PMC4263964 DOI: 10.3390/jpm4030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The approval of EGFR and ALK directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors materialized the concept of tailoring therapy on the basis of specific biomarkers for treating patients with NSCLC. Research for other biologics, although demonstrating clinical benefit, has been less successful so far for producing biomarkers that predict response. Blocking angiogenesis is the prototype for the agents that belong in the latter group that target specific molecules, yet they are currently approved for relatively unselected groups of patients. In order to meet the goal of personalizing care in the various settings of NSCLC, a wealth of biologics and compounds are currently being tested in clinical trials in different phases of clinical development. In a subset of the relevant studies, a biomarker perspective is appreciated. This review summarizes the clinical rationale of the major ongoing phase II and III NSCLC studies that employ targeting specific molecules with novel agents, as well as innovative strategies, and includes a comparative discussion of the different designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Dimou
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, 5501 Old York Street, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
| | - Vassiliki Papadimitrakopoulou
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 432, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang L, Ai J, Shen Y, Zhang H, Peng X, Huang M, Zhang A, Ding J, Geng M. SOMCL-863, a novel, selective and orally bioavailable small-molecule c-Met inhibitor, exhibits antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Lett 2014; 351:143-50. [PMID: 24880078 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of HGF/c-Met signaling and its driven neoplastic phenotype are associated with a variety of human malignancies. We herein reported SOMCL-863 as a novel selective c-Met inhibitor which effectively abrogated c-Met signaling pathways, thereby leading to substantial impairment of c-Met-dependent cell proliferation, migration, invasion, cell scattering and invasive growth. In EBC-1 and NCI-H1993 xenografts, SOMCL-863 exerted significant anti-tumor efficacy through anti-proliferative effects and antiangiogenic mechanisms, including reduction of tumor cell proliferation and reductions of microvessel density and secretion of proangiogenic factor IL-8. Together with the optimal pharmacokinetic properties, SOMCL-863 is a promising candidate worthy for further evaluation as a treatment of c-Met-driven human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jing Ai
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yanyan Shen
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, 110016 Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xia Peng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jian Ding
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Division of Anti-tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kishiki T, Ohnishi H, Masaki T, Ohtsuka K, Ohkura Y, Furuse J, Sugiyama M, Watanabe T. Impact of genetic profiles on the efficacy of anti-EGFR antibodies in metastatic colorectal cancer with KRAS mutation. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:57-64. [PMID: 24839940 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Reports indicate that, even in KRAS-mutated colon cancer, there are subsets of patients who benefit from anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (MoAb) treatment. The aim of the present study was to identify genetic profiles that contribute to the responsiveness of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to anti-EGFR MoAb. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of anti-EGFR MoAb in mCRC patients with KRAS mutations according to KRAS mutational subtypes, BRAF and PIK3CA mutational status and PTEN and MET expression. Among 21 patients with KRAS-mutant tumors, 8 (38%) harbored p.G13D, 7 (33%) harbored p.G12V, 5 (24%) harbored p.G12D, and 1 (5%) harbored p.G12C mutation. Patients with the p.G13D mutation exhibited a significantly higher disease control rate than patients with other KRAS mutations (P=0.042), and tended to show a longer progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with other KRAS mutations with marginal significance (P=0.074). Patients with loss of PTEN had significantly shorter PFS than those with normal PTEN expression in patients with KRAS mutations (P=0.044). MET overexpression was significantly associated with shorter PFS compared to normal MET expression in patients with KRAS mutations (P=0.016). Our data demonstrated the potential utility of alterations in PTEN and MET expression as predictive markers for response to anti-EGFR MoAbs in mCRC patients with KRAS mutations. In addition, we confirmed the predictive value of the KRAS p.G13D mutation for better response to anti-EGFR therapies in comparison with other KRAS mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kishiki
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Masaki
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Kouki Ohtsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ohkura
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Jyunji Furuse
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masanori Sugiyama
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8611, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kishiki T, Ohnishi H, Masaki T, Ohtsuka K, Ohkura Y, Furuse J, Watanabe T, Sugiyama M. Overexpression of MET is a new predictive marker for anti-EGFR therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer with wild-type KRAS. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:749-57. [PMID: 24500024 PMCID: PMC3965831 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Since the KRAS mutation is not responsible for all metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients with resistance to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) therapy, new predictive and prognostic factors are actively being sought.
Methods We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of anti-EGFR MoAb-based therapies in 91 patients with mCRC according to KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutational status as well as PTEN and MET expression. Results In the patient group with wild-type KRAS, the presence of BRAF mutation or PIK3CA mutations was associated with lower disease control rate (DCR), shorter progression-free survival (PFS), and shorter overall survival. Patients with MET overexpression also showed lower DCR and shorter PFS when compared with patients with normal MET expression. In a separate analysis, 44 patients harboring wild-type KRAS tumors were sorted into subgroups of 25 patients without abnormality in three molecules (BRAF, PIK3CA and MET) and 19 patients with abnormality in at least one of these three molecules. The former group showed significantly higher DCR and longer PFS following anti-EGFR therapy than the latter group. Conclusions Our data point to the usefulness of MET overexpression, in addition to BRAF and PIK3CA mutations, as a new predictive marker for responsiveness to anti-EGFR MoAbs in mCRC patients with wild-type KRAS. This study also suggests that application of multiple biomarkers is more effective than the use of a single marker in selecting patients who might benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00280-014-2401-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Kishiki
- Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maroun CR, Rowlands T. The Met receptor tyrosine kinase: a key player in oncogenesis and drug resistance. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:316-38. [PMID: 24384534 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Met receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is an attractive oncology therapeutic target. Met and its ligand, HGF, play a central role in signaling pathways that are exploited during the oncogenic process, including regulation of cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and cancer stem cell regulation. Elevated Met and HGF as well as numerous Met genetic alterations have been reported in human cancers and correlate with poor outcome. Alterations of pathways that regulate Met, such as the ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl are also likely to activate Met in the oncogenic setting. Moreover, interactive crosstalk between Met and other receptors such as EGFR, HER2 and VEGFR, underlies a key role for Met in resistance to other RTK-targeted therapies. A large body of preclinical and clinical data exists that supports the use of either antibodies or small molecule inhibitors that target Met or HGF as oncology therapeutics. The prognostic potential of Met expression has been suggested from studies in numerous cancers including lung, renal, liver, head and neck, stomach, and breast. Clinical trials using Met inhibitors indicate that the level of Met expression is a determinant of trial outcome, a finding that is actively under investigation in multiple clinical scenarios. Research in Met prognostics and predictors of drug response is now shifting toward more sophisticated methodologies suitable for development as validated and effective biomarkers that can be partnered with therapeutics to improve patient survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane R Maroun
- Mirati Therapeutics, 7150 Frederick-Banting, Suite 200, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada.
| | - Tracey Rowlands
- Mirati Therapeutics, 7150 Frederick-Banting, Suite 200, Montreal, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu W, Bi C, Credille KM, Manro JR, Peek VL, Donoho GP, Yan L, Wijsman JA, Yan SB, Walgren RA. Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer by LY2801653, an inhibitor of several oncokinases, including MET. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5699-710. [PMID: 23989980 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Sustained activation, overexpression, or mutation of the MET pathway is associated with a poor prognosis in a variety of tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), implicating the MET pathway as a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer. Previously, we reported on the development of LY2801653: a novel, orally bioavailable oncokinase inhibitor with MET as one of its targets. Here, we discuss the evaluation of LY2801653 in both preclinical in vitro and in vivo NSCLC models. Experimental Design/ RESULTS Treatment with LY2801653 showed tumor growth inhibition in tumor cell lines and patient-derived tumor xenograft models as a single agent (37.4%-90.0% inhibition) or when used in combination with cisplatin, gemcitabine, or erlotinib (66.5%-86.3% inhibition). Mechanistic studies showed that treatment with LY2801653 inhibited the constitutive activation of MET pathway signaling and resulted in inhibition of NCI-H441 cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion. These in vitro findings were confirmed in the H441 orthotopic model where LY2801653 treatment significantly inhibited both primary tumor growth (87.9% inhibition) and metastasis (64.5% inhibition of lymph node and 67.7% inhibition of chest wall). Tumor-bearing animals treated with LY2801653 had a significantly greater survival time (87% increase compared with the vehicle-treated mice). In the MET-independent NCI-H1299 orthotopic model, treatment with LY2801653 showed a significant inhibition of primary tumor growth but not metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results support clinical evaluation of LY2801653 in NSCLCs and suggest that differences in the MET activation of tumors may be predictive of response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wu
- Authors' Affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gomes C, Osório H, Pinto MT, Campos D, Oliveira MJ, Reis CA. Expression of ST3GAL4 leads to SLe(x) expression and induces c-Met activation and an invasive phenotype in gastric carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66737. [PMID: 23799130 PMCID: PMC3682978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(x)) is a sialylated glycan antigen expressed on the cell surface during malignant cell transformation and is associated with cancer progression and poor prognosis. The increased expression of sialylated glycans is associated with alterations in the expression of sialyltransferases (STs). In this study we determined the capacity of ST3GAL3 and ST3GAL4 sialyltransferases to synthesize the SLe(x) antigen in MKN45 gastric carcinoma cells and evaluated the effect of SLe(x) overexpression in cancer cell behavior both in vitro and in vivo using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The activation of tyrosine kinase receptors and their downstream molecular targets was also addressed. Our results showed that the expression of ST3GAL4 in MKN45 gastric cancer cells leads to the synthesis of SLe(x) antigens and to an increased invasive phenotype both in vitro and in the in vivo CAM model. Analysis of phosphorylation of tyrosine kinase receptors showed a specific increase in c-Met activation. The characterization of downstream molecular targets of c-Met activation, involved in the invasive phenotype, revealed increased phosphorylation of FAK and Src proteins and activation of Cdc42, Rac1 and RhoA GTPases. Inhibition of c-Met and Src activation abolished the observed increased cell invasive phenotype. In conclusion, the expression of ST3GAL4 leads to SLe(x) antigen expression in gastric cancer cells which in turn induces an increased invasive phenotype through the activation of c-Met, in association with Src, FAK and Cdc42, Rac1 and RhoA GTPases activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Gomes
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo Osório
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Teixeira Pinto
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Campos
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, INEB, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A. Reis
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, IPATIMUP, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, ICBAS, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Powers AD, Palecek SP. Protein analytical assays for diagnosing, monitoring, and choosing treatment for cancer patients. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2012; 3:503-534. [PMID: 25147725 DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.3.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment is often hindered by inadequate methods for diagnosing the disease or insufficient predictive capacity regarding therapeutic efficacy. Targeted cancer treatments, including Bcr-Abl and EGFR kinase inhibitors, have increased survival for some cancer patients but are ineffective in other patients. In addition, many patients who initially respond to targeted inhibitor therapy develop resistance during the course of treatment. Molecular analysis of cancer cells has emerged as a means to tailor treatment to particular patients. While DNA analysis can provide important diagnostic information, protein analysis is particularly valuable because proteins are more direct mediators of normal and diseased cellular processes. In this review article, we discuss current and emerging protein assays for improving cancer treatment, including trends toward assay miniaturization and measurement of protein activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia D Powers
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Graziano F, Galluccio N, Lorenzini P, Ruzzo A, Canestrari E, D'Emidio S, Catalano V, Sisti V, Ligorio C, Andreoni F, Rulli E, Di Oto E, Fiorentini G, Zingaretti C, De Nictolis M, Cappuzzo F, Magnani M. Genetic activation of the MET pathway and prognosis of patients with high-risk, radically resected gastric cancer. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:4789-95. [PMID: 22042954 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.36.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether prognosis of patients with high-risk gastric cancer may depend on MET copy number gain (CNG) or an activating truncation within a deoxyadenosine tract element (DATE) in the promoter region of the MET ligand HGF. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-institution cohort of 230 patients with stage II/III gastric cancer was studied. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor specimens were used for DNA extraction. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for MET CNG and sequencing for HGF DATE truncation (< 25 deoxyadenosines instead of 30) were used. Results were analyzed for association with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). To assess the reliability of the qPCR measurement, a random sample of cases was reanalyzed using an alternative assay (fluorescent in situ hybridization [FISH]) with calculation of the intracorrelation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS In 216 assessable patients, MET CNG five or more copies and homozygous HGF-truncated DATE occurred in 21 patients (10%) and 30 patients (13%), respectively. Patients with MET CNG five or more copies (MET-positive) showed significantly worse prognosis with multivariate hazard ratio (HR) of 3.02 (95% CI, 1.71 to 5.33; P < .001) for DFS and multivariate HR of 2.91 (95% CI, 1.65 to 5.11; P < .001) for OS. The agreement between qPCR and FISH was high, with ICC = 0.9% (95% CI, 0.81% to 0.95%; the closer the ICC is to 1, the greater is the agreement). HGF-truncated DATE did not show relevant prognostic effect. CONCLUSION In this study, qPCR revealed approximately 10% of white patients with gastric cancer harboring MET CNG of five or more copies. This marker was significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. This information is relevant to the current clinical development of anti-MET compounds.
Collapse
|