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Kamperman T, Willemen NGA, Kelder C, Koerselman M, Becker M, Lins L, Johnbosco C, Karperien M, Leijten J. Steering Stem Cell Fate within 3D Living Composite Tissues Using Stimuli-Responsive Cell-Adhesive Micromaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205487. [PMID: 36599686 PMCID: PMC10074101 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered living microtissues such as cellular spheroids and organoids have enormous potential for the study and regeneration of tissues and organs. Microtissues are typically engineered via self-assembly of adherent cells into cellular spheroids, which are characterized by little to no cell-material interactions. Consequently, 3D microtissue models currently lack structural biomechanical and biochemical control over their internal microenvironment resulting in suboptimal functional performance such as limited stem cell differentiation potential. Here, this work report on stimuli-responsive cell-adhesive micromaterials (SCMs) that can self-assemble with cells into 3D living composite microtissues through integrin binding, even under serum-free conditions. It is demonstrated that SCMs homogeneously distribute within engineered microtissues and act as biomechanically and biochemically tunable designer materials that can alter the composite tissue microenvironment on demand. Specifically, cell behavior is controlled based on the size, stiffness, number ratio, and biofunctionalization of SCMs in a temporal manner via orthogonal secondary crosslinking strategies. Photo-based mechanical tuning of SCMs reveals early onset stiffness-controlled lineage commitment of differentiating stem cell spheroids. In contrast to conventional encapsulation of stem cell spheroids within bulk hydrogel, incorporating cell-sized SCMs within stem cell spheroids uniquely provides biomechanical cues throughout the composite microtissues' volume, which is demonstrated to be essential for osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Kamperman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Niels G. A. Willemen
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Cindy Kelder
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Michelle Koerselman
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Malin Becker
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Luanda Lins
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Castro Johnbosco
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineeringFaculty of Science and TechnologyTechnical Medical CentreUniversity of TwenteDrienerlolaan 5Enschede7522NBThe Netherlands
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2
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Shmool TA, Martin LK, Clarke CJ, Bui-Le L, Polizzi KM, Hallett JP. Exploring conformational preferences of proteins: ionic liquid effects on the energy landscape of avidin. Chem Sci 2020; 12:196-209. [PMID: 34163590 PMCID: PMC8178808 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04991c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we experimentally investigate solvent and temperature induced conformational transitions of proteins and examine the role of ion–protein interactions in determining the conformational preferences of avidin, a homotetrameric glycoprotein, in choline-based ionic liquid (IL) solutions. Avidin was modified by surface cationisation and the addition of anionic surfactants, and the structural, thermal, and conformational stabilities of native and modified avidin were examined using dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis experiments. The protein-surfactant nanoconjugates showed higher thermostability behaviour compared to unmodified avidin, demonstrating distinct conformational ensembles. Small-angle X-ray scattering data showed that with increasing IL concentration, avidin became more compact, interpreted in the context of molecular confinement. To experimentally determine the detailed effects of IL on the energy landscape of avidin, differential scanning fluorimetry and variable temperature circular dichroism spectroscopy were performed. We show that different IL solutions can influence avidin conformation and thermal stability, and we provide insight into the effects of ILs on the folding pathways and thermodynamics of proteins. To further study the effects of ILs on avidin binding and correlate thermostability with conformational heterogeneity, we conducted a binding study. We found the ILs examined inhibited ligand binding in native avidin while enhancing binding in the modified protein, indicating ILs can influence the conformational stability of the distinct proteins differently. Significantly, this work presents a systematic strategy to explore protein conformational space and experimentally detect and characterise ‘invisible’ rare conformations using ILs. Revealing solvent and temperature induced conformational transitions of proteins and the role of ion–protein interactions in determining the conformational preferences of avidin in ionic liquids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia A Shmool
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK +44 (0)20 7594 5388
| | - Laura K Martin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK +44 (0)20 7594 5388.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Coby J Clarke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK +44 (0)20 7594 5388
| | - Liem Bui-Le
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK +44 (0)20 7594 5388
| | - Karen M Polizzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK +44 (0)20 7594 5388.,Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Jason P Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK +44 (0)20 7594 5388
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3
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Hytönen VP. (Strept)avidin as a template for ligands other than biotin: An overview. Methods Enzymol 2020; 633:21-28. [PMID: 32046847 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chicken avidin and bacterial streptavidin are workhorses in biotechnology. We have used avidin as a scaffold protein to develop avidin variants with novel ligand-binding affinity, so-called antidins. This article covers the strategy applied in the development of antidins. Using a phage display developed for avidin, immobilized ligands were used to select binders from a phage pool displaying avidin variants with randomized sequence in the protein loops. Antidins binding various ligands with nanomolar affinity were obtained. Antidins have already been demonstrated to be suitable for a diagnostic assay measuring serum progesterone levels and they offer a promising alternative to antibodies for the recognition of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology and BioMediTech, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.
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4
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Xu D, Wegner SV. Multifunctional streptavidin–biotin conjugates with precise stoichiometries. Chem Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01589j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional streptavidin-biotin conjugates with defined stoichiometry and number of open binding pockets provide molecularly precise alternatives to the statistical mixture of products that typically forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Seraphine V. Wegner
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
- University of Münster
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry
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5
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Abstract
Molecular conjugation refers to methods used in biomedicine, advanced materials and nanotechnology to link two partners - from small molecules to large and sometimes functionally complex biopolymers. The methods ideally have a broad structural scope, proceed under very mild conditions (including in H2O), occur at a rapid rate and in quantitative yield with no by-products, enable bioorthogonal reactivity and have zero toxicity. Over the past two decades, the field of click chemistry has emerged to afford us new and efficient methods of molecular conjugation. These methods are based on chemical reactions that produce permanently linked conjugates, and we refer to this field here as covalent click chemistry. Alternatively, if molecular conjugation is undertaken using a pair of complementary molecular recognition partners that associate strongly and selectively to form a thermodynamically stable non-covalent complex, then we refer to this strategy as non-covalent click chemistry. This Perspective is concerned with this latter approach and highlights two distinct applications of non-covalent click chemistry in molecular conjugation: the pre-assembly of molecular conjugates or surface-coated nanoparticles and the in situ capture of tagged biomolecular targets for imaging or analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Schreiber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Bradley D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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6
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Agrawal N, Lehtonen SI, Uusi-Mäkelä M, Jain P, Viitala S, Määttä JAE, Kähkönen N, Azizi L, Riihimäki TA, Kulomaa MS, Johnson MS, Hytönen VP, Airenne TT. Molecular features of steroid-binding antidins and their use for assaying serum progesterone. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0212339. [PMID: 30785944 PMCID: PMC6382169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0212339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken avidin (Avd) and streptavidin from Streptomyces avidinii are extensively used in bionanotechnology due to their extremely tight binding to biotin (Kd ~ 10−15 M for chicken Avd). We previously reported engineered Avds known as antidins, which have micro- to nanomolar affinities for steroids, non-natural ligands of Avd. Here, we report the 2.8 Å X-ray structure of the sbAvd-2 (I117Y) antidin co-crystallized with progesterone. We describe the creation of new synthetic phage display libraries and report the experimental as well as computational binding analysis of progesterone-binding antidins. We introduce a next-generation antidin with 5 nM binding affinity for progesterone, and demonstrate the use of antidins for measuring progesterone in serum samples. Our data give insights on how to engineer and alter the binding preferences of Avds and to develop better molecular tools for modern bionanotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Agrawal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Soili I. Lehtonen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Meri Uusi-Mäkelä
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Purvi Jain
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Viitala
- University of Eastern Finland, School of Pharmacy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha A. E. Määttä
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Niklas Kähkönen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Latifeh Azizi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina A. Riihimäki
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku S. Kulomaa
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mark S. Johnson
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- * E-mail: (TTA); (VPH)
| | - Tomi T. Airenne
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail: (TTA); (VPH)
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7
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Kumar M, Rahikainen R, Unruh D, Hytönen VP, Delbrück C, Sindelar R, Renz F. Mixture of PLA-PEG and biotinylated albumin enables immobilization of avidins on electrospun fibers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:356-362. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Material Science Faculty II; University of Applied Science and Arts; Ricklinger Stadtweg 120 Hannover 30459 Germany
- Laboratorium of Nano and Quantum Engineering; Leibniz Universität Hannover; Schneiderberg 39 Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- BioMediTech University of Tampere; Lääkärinkatu 1 Tampere Finland 33520
- Fimlab Laboratories; Biokatu 4 Tampere Finland 33520
| | - Daniel Unruh
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Leibniz Universität Hannover; Callinstraße 9 Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- BioMediTech University of Tampere; Lääkärinkatu 1 Tampere Finland 33520
- Fimlab Laboratories; Biokatu 4 Tampere Finland 33520
| | - Cesare Delbrück
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Leibniz Universität Hannover; Callinstraße 9 Hannover 30167 Germany
| | - Ralf Sindelar
- Department of Material Science Faculty II; University of Applied Science and Arts; Ricklinger Stadtweg 120 Hannover 30459 Germany
| | - Franz Renz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Leibniz Universität Hannover; Callinstraße 9 Hannover 30167 Germany
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8
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Lehtonen SI, Tullila A, Agrawal N, Kukkurainen S, Kähkönen N, Koskinen M, Nevanen TK, Johnson MS, Airenne TT, Kulomaa MS, Riihimäki TA, Hytönen VP. Artificial Avidin-Based Receptors for a Panel of Small Molecules. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:211-21. [PMID: 26550684 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins with high specificity, affinity, and stability are needed for biomolecular recognition in a plethora of applications. Antibodies are powerful affinity tools, but they may also suffer from limitations such as low stability and high production costs. Avidin and streptavidin provide a promising scaffold for protein engineering, and due to their ultratight binding to D-biotin they are widely used in various biotechnological and biomedical applications. In this study, we demonstrate that the avidin scaffold is suitable for use as a novel receptor for several biologically active small molecules: Artificial, chicken avidin-based proteins, antidins, were generated using a directed evolution method for progesterone, hydrocortisone, testosterone, cholic acid, ketoprofen, and folic acid, all with micromolar to nanomolar affinity and significantly reduced biotin-binding affinity. We also describe the crystal structure of an antidin, sbAvd-2(I117Y), a steroid-binding avidin, which proves that the avidin scaffold can tolerate significant modifications without losing its characteristic tetrameric beta-barrel structure, helping us to further design avidin-based small molecule receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soili I. Lehtonen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Tullila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nitin Agrawal
- Structural
Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu
4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Niklas Kähkönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Masi Koskinen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja K. Nevanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mark S. Johnson
- Structural
Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi T. Airenne
- Structural
Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Markku S. Kulomaa
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Tiina A. Riihimäki
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Biokatu 6, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Fimlab Laboratories, Biokatu
4, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
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9
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Vuori L, Leppiniemi J, Hannula M, Lahtonen K, Hirsimäki M, Nõmmiste E, Costelle L, Hytönen VP, Valden M. Biofunctional hybrid materials: bimolecular organosilane monolayers on FeCr alloys. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:435603. [PMID: 25297847 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/43/435603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic interfaces are the key to functionalization of stainless steel (SS). We present a solution-based deposition method for fabricating uniform bimolecular organosilane monolayers on SS and show that their properties and functionalities can be further developed through site-specific biotinylation. We correlate molecular properties of the interface with its reactivity via surface sensitive synchrotron radiation mediated high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-PES) and chemical derivatization (CD), and we demonstrate specific bonding of streptavidin proteins to the hybrid interface. The method facilitates efficient growth of uniform bimolecular organosilane monolayers on SS under ambient conditions without the need to prime the SS surface with vacuum-deposited inorganic buffer layers. The obtained insights into molecular bonding, orientation, and behaviour of surface-confined organofunctional silanes on SS enable a new generic approach to functionalization of SS surfaces with versatile nanomolecular organosilane layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Vuori
- Surface Science Laboratory, Optoelectronics Research Centre, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
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10
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Amado Torres D, Garzoni M, Subrahmanyam AV, Pavan GM, Thayumanavan S. Protein-triggered supramolecular disassembly: insights based on variations in ligand location in amphiphilic dendrons. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5385-99. [PMID: 24641469 PMCID: PMC4004214 DOI: 10.1021/ja500634u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We use monodisperse dendrons that allow control over functional group presentation to investigate the influence of the location of a ligand on protein-induced disassembly and release of encapsulated small molecules. Based on both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that ligand location greatly influences release of guest molecules from the dendron-based supramolecular assembly. We show that a ligand moiety grafted to the dendron periphery is more accessible for the target protein in aqueous solution. On the other hand, the ligand moiety placed at the focal point or at the intermediate layer within the dendritic scaffold is less accessible, since it is surrounded by an environment rich in PEG chains, which hinders binding and even influences nonspecific interactions. We also demonstrate that the specific binding between one ligand and the target protein can destabilize the dendritic assembly. Furthermore, if more ligands are available, multivalent interactions are also possible with extravidin, which speed up disassembly and trigger the release of hydrophobic guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Amado Torres
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Matteo Garzoni
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Science of Southern Switzerland, Manno 6928, Switzerland
| | - Ayyagari V. Subrahmanyam
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Science of Southern Switzerland, Manno 6928, Switzerland
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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11
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Generic Method for Attaching Biomolecules via Avidin–Biotin Complexes Immobilized on Films of Regenerated and Nanofibrillar Cellulose. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2802-10. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300781k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Riihimäki TA, Hiltunen S, Rangl M, Nordlund HR, Määttä JAE, Ebner A, Hinterdorfer P, Kulomaa MS, Takkinen K, Hytönen VP. Modification of the loops in the ligand-binding site turns avidin into a steroid-binding protein. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:64. [PMID: 21658230 PMCID: PMC3201017 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Engineered proteins, with non-immunoglobulin scaffolds, have become an important alternative to antibodies in many biotechnical and therapeutic applications. When compared to antibodies, tailored proteins may provide advantageous properties such as a smaller size or a more stable structure. Results Avidin is a widely used protein in biomedicine and biotechnology. To tailor the binding properties of avidin, we have designed a sequence-randomized avidin library with mutagenesis focused at the loop area of the binding site. Selection from the generated library led to the isolation of a steroid-binding avidin mutant (sbAvd-1) showing micromolar affinity towards testosterone (Kd ~ 9 μM). Furthermore, a gene library based on the sbAvd-1 gene was created by randomizing the loop area between β-strands 3 and 4. Phage display selection from this library led to the isolation of a steroid-binding protein with significantly decreased biotin binding affinity compared to sbAvd-1. Importantly, differential scanning calorimetry and analytical gel-filtration revealed that the high stability and the tetrameric structure were preserved in these engineered avidins. Conclusions The high stability and structural properties of avidin make it an attractive molecule for the engineering of novel receptors. This methodology may allow the use of avidin as a universal scaffold in the development of novel receptors for small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina A Riihimäki
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland
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13
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Riihimäki TA, Kukkurainen S, Varjonen S, Hörhä J, Nyholm TKM, Kulomaa MS, Hytönen VP. Construction of chimeric dual-chain avidin by tandem fusion of the related avidins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20535. [PMID: 21655240 PMCID: PMC3105096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avidin is a chicken egg-white protein with high affinity to vitamin H, also known as D-biotin. Many applications in life science research are based on this strong interaction. Avidin is a homotetrameric protein, which promotes its modification to symmetrical entities. Dual-chain avidin, a genetically engineered avidin form, has two circularly permuted chicken avidin monomers that are tandem-fused into one polypeptide chain. This form of avidin enables independent modification of the two domains, including the two biotin-binding pockets; however, decreased yields in protein production, compared to wt avidin, and complicated genetic manipulation of two highly similar DNA sequences in the tandem gene have limited the use of dual-chain avidin in biotechnological applications. Principal Findings To overcome challenges associated with the original dual-chain avidin, we developed chimeric dual-chain avidin, which is a tandem fusion of avidin and avidin-related protein 4 (AVR4), another member of the chicken avidin gene family. We observed an increase in protein production and better thermal stability, compared with the original dual-chain avidin. Additionally, PCR amplification of the hybrid gene was more efficient, thus enabling more convenient and straightforward modification of the dual-chain avidin. When studied closer, the generated chimeric dual-chain avidin showed biphasic biotin dissociation. Significance The improved dual-chain avidin introduced here increases its potential for future applications. This molecule offers a valuable base for developing bi-functional avidin tools for bioseparation, carrier proteins, and nanoscale adapters. Additionally, this strategy could be helpful when generating hetero-oligomers from other oligomeric proteins with high structural similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina A. Riihimäki
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Kukkurainen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Varjonen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jarno Hörhä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Thomas K. M. Nyholm
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku S. Kulomaa
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa P. Hytönen
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- * E-mail:
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