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Eshaq AM, Flanagan TW, Hassan SY, Al Asheikh SA, Al-Amoudi WA, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Alamodi MO, Bendhack ML, Alamodi MO, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Hassan M. Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Their Structure and Mechanistic Role in Tumor Progression and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2754. [PMID: 39123481 PMCID: PMC11311543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues and can thereby rapidly and reversibly alter the function of their protein substrates in the form of significant changes in protein confirmation and affinity for their interaction with protein partners to drive cellular functions under normal and pathological conditions. PTKs are classified into two groups: one of which represents tyrosine kinases, while the other one includes the members of the serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases is subdivided into subgroups: one of them includes the member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while the other subgroup includes the member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). Both these kinase groups function as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. NRTKs are enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions in response to extracellular signaling-dependent mechanisms. NRTK-mediated different cellular functions are regulated by kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. This review deals with the structure and mechanistic role of NRTKs in tumor progression and resistance and their importance as therapeutic targets in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M. Eshaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara A. Al Asheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Waleed A. Al-Amoudi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Institute of Cell Therapeutics and Diagnostics, University Medical Center of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maryam O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Marcelo L. Bendhack
- Department of Urology, Red Cross University Hospital, Positivo University, Rua Mauá 1111, Curitiba 80030-200, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Tan Y, Zhang L, Zhu G, Yang Y, Guo W, Chen L, Chang J, Xu Y, Muyey DM, Wang H. BCR/ABL1ΔE7-8-9 isoform contributes to tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia. Hematol Oncol 2022; 40:1067-1075. [PMID: 35686657 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, the involvement of the BCR/ABL1 isoform in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance has attracted lots of attention. In this work, a novel isoform that encoded truncated protein due to the deletion of ABL1 exon7, 8, and 9 was reported and named BCR/ABL1ΔE7-8-9 here. This isoform was detected only in 10.2% of CML patients with inadequate responses to TKIs. BCR/ABL1Δexon7-8-9 isoform promoted S phase cell proliferation and reduced the expression of fusion gene and ABL1 phosphorylation level more slowly than that of control cells after TKIs treatment. The novel isoform has the qualities of a functional tyrosine kinase, localized in the cytoplasm, and could not be imported into the nucleus by TKIs. These results indicated that BCR/ABL1Δexon7-8-9 showed poorer sensitivity to imatinib and nilotinib than wild-type BCR/ABL1. According to molecular docking studies, nilotinib and imatinib present different binding sites and have a lower binding capacity with BCR/ABL1ΔE7-8-9 protein than the wild type. Our findings suggested that the novel isoform BCR/ABL1ΔE7-8-9 may contribute to TKIs resistance in CML due to its weakened TKIs binding ability. It enriched the mechanism of spliceosome involved in TKIs resistance. Monitoring the expression of BCR/ABL1ΔE7-8-9 helps guide the treatment of CML patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Tan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guiyang Zhu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenzheng Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lanhui Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianmei Chang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Daniel Muteb Muyey
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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3
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A Novel System for Semiautomatic Sample Processing in Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia: Increasing Throughput without Impacting on Molecular Monitoring at Time of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081502. [PMID: 34441436 PMCID: PMC8391152 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular testing of the BCR-ABL1 transcript via real-time quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction is the most sensitive approach for monitoring the response to tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors therapy in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) patients. Each stage of the molecular procedure has been standardized and optimized, including the total white blood cells (WBCs) and RNA isolation methods. Here, we compare the performance of our current manual protocol to a newly semiautomatic method based on the Biomek i-5 Automated Workstations integrated with the CytoFLEX Flow Cytometer, followed by the automatic QIAsymphony system to facilitate high-throughput processing samples and reduce the hands-on time and the risk associated with SARS-CoV-2. The recovery efficiency was investigated in blood samples from 100 adults with CML. We observe a 100% of concordance between the two methods, with similar total WBCs isolated (median 1.137 × 106 for manual method vs. 1.076 × 106 for semiautomatic system) and a comparable quality and quantity of RNA extracted (median 103 ng/μL with manual isolation kit vs. 99.95 ng/μL with the QIAsymphony system). Moreover, by stratifying patients according to their BCR-ABL1 transcript levels, we obtained similar BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS values and ABL1 copies, and matched samples were assigned to the same group of molecular response. We conclude that this newly semiautomatic workflow has a performance comparable to our more laborious standard manual, which can be replaced, particularly when specimens from patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection need to be processed.
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Su H, Wang M, Pang X, Guan F, Li X, Cheng Y. When Glycosylation Meets Blood Cells: A Glance of the Aberrant Glycosylation in Hematological Malignancies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 180:85-117. [PMID: 34031738 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Among neoplasia-associated epigenetic alterations, changes in cellular glycosylation have recently received attention as a key component of hematological malignancy progression. Alterations in glycosylation appear to not only directly impact cell growth and survival, but also alter the adhesion of tumor cells and their interactions with the microenvironment, facilitating cancer-induced immunomodulation and eventual metastasis. Changes in glycosylation arise from altered expression of glycosyltransferases, enzymes that catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties to a wide range of acceptor substrates, such as proteins, lipids, and other saccharides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus. Novel glycan structures in hematological malignancies represent new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of blood diseases. This review summarizes studies of the aberrant expression of glycans commonly found in hematological malignancies and their potential mechanisms and defines the specific roles of glycans as drivers or passengers in the development of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Su
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mimi Wang
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingchen Pang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ying Cheng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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5
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Gregor T, Bosakova MK, Nita A, Abraham SP, Fafilek B, Cernohorsky NH, Rynes J, Foldynova-Trantirkova S, Zackova D, Mayer J, Trantirek L, Krejci P. Elucidation of protein interactions necessary for the maintenance of the BCR-ABL signaling complex. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3885-3903. [PMID: 31820037 PMCID: PMC11104816 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Many patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in deep remission experience return of clinical disease after withdrawal of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This suggests signaling of inactive BCR-ABL, which allows the survival of cancer cells, and relapse. We show that TKI treatment inhibits catalytic activity of BCR-ABL, but does not dissolve BCR-ABL core signaling complex, consisting of CRKL, SHC1, GRB2, SOS1, cCBL, p85a-PI3K, STS1 and SHIP2. Peptide microarray and co-immunoprecipitation results demonstrate that CRKL binds to proline-rich regions located in C-terminal, intrinsically disordered region of BCR-ABL, that SHC1 requires pleckstrin homology, src homology and tyrosine kinase domains of BCR-ABL for binding, and that BCR-ABL sequence motif located in disordered region around phosphorylated tyrosine 177 mediates binding of three core complex members, i.e., GRB2, SOS1, and cCBL. Further, SHIP2 binds to the src homology and tyrosine kinase domains of BCR-ABL and its inositol phosphatase activity contributes to BCR-ABL-mediated phosphorylation of SHC1. Together, this study characterizes protein-protein interactions within the BCR-ABL core complex and determines the contribution of particular BCR-ABL domains to downstream signaling. Understanding the structure and dynamics of BCR-ABL interactome is critical for the development of drugs targeting integrity of the BCR-ABL core complex.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/chemistry
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-Trisphosphate 5-Phosphatases/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Array Analysis
- Protein Binding/drug effects
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1/metabolism
- src Homology Domains
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Gregor
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kunova Bosakova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandru Nita
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, 16610, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sara P Abraham
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole H Cernohorsky
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Rynes
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Daniela Zackova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University Hospital, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Masaryk University Hospital, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Trantirek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691, Brno, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the CAS, 60200, Brno, Czech Republic.
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6
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Stella S, Tirró E, Massimino M, Vitale SR, Russo S, Pennisi MS, Puma A, Romano C, DI Gregorio S, Innao V, Stagno F, DI Raimondo F, Musolino C, Manzella L. Successful Management of a Pregnant Patient With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Receiving Standard Dose Imatinib. In Vivo 2020; 33:1593-1598. [PMID: 31471409 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM As approximately 10% of individuals developing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are females aged 20-44 years, a considerable number will consider a planned pregnancy if disease is well controlled by pharmacological treatment. The management of these young patients during pregnancy represents a therapeutic dilemma due to the potential teratogen effects of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and is a matter of continuous debate. Indeed, despite the existence of several studies, there is currently no consensus on how to manage different pregnancy situations in subjects with CML. PATIENTS AND METHODS We describe a female patient diagnosed with Ph-positive CML one month after her first delivery who achieved excellent hematological, cytogenetic and molecular responses while on imatinib mesylate (IM) treatment. RESULTS The excellent responses allowed the patient to suspend TKI treatment in order to plan a second pregnancy. Despite IM discontinuation, stringent molecular monitoring of her BCR-ABL1/ABL1 levels allowed the safe delivery of the child and, while the patient eventually developed a molecular relapse after four years of treatment discontinuation, upon restarting IM she quickly regained a deep molecular response that is still ongoing. CONCLUSION Our case report demonstrates that, if the pregnancy is properly planned in CML patients, it can result in excellent management of the clinical therapeutic option for the benefit of both mother and child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy .,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirró
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Sabina Russo
- Division of Hematology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Puma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandra DI Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Division of Hematology, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco DI Raimondo
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medical and Surgical Specialities, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
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7
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The Q-LAMP Method Represents a Valid and Rapid Alternative for the Detection of the BCR-ABL1 Rearrangement in Philadelphia-Positive Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246106. [PMID: 31817063 PMCID: PMC6941015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular detection of the BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts is necessary for the genetic confirmation of a chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosis and for the risk classification of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BCR-ABL1 mRNAs are usually identified using a conventional RT-PCR technique according to the BIOMED-1 method. In this study, we evaluated 122 BCR-ABL1-positive samples with the Q-LAMP assay to establish if this technology may represent a valid alternative to the qualitative BIOMED-1 PCR technique usually employed for the detection and the discrimination of the common BCR-ABL1 transcripts (p190 and p210 isoforms). We found a 100% concordance rate between the two methods. Specifically, the p190- and p210-positive samples were amplified by Q-LAMP with a median threshold time (Tt) of 26.70 min (range: 24.45-31.80 min) and 20.26 min (range: 15.25-34.57 min), respectively. A median time of 19.63 was observed in samples displaying both (e13a2/e14a2) p210 isoforms. Moreover, the Q-LAMP assay allowed recognition of the BCR-ABL1 e13a2 and e14a2 isoforms (median Tts 18.48 for e13a2 vs. 26.08 min for e14a2; p < 0.001). Finally, 20 samples harboring rare BCR-ABL1 isoforms (e1a3, e13a3, e14a3, and e19a2) were correctly identified by the Q-LAMP assay. We conclude that the Q-LAMP assay may represent a faster and valid alternative to the qualitative BIOMED-1 RT-PCR for the diagnosis at BCR-ABL1-positive leukemias, especially when samples are analyzed in centers with restricted resources and/or limited technical expertise.
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8
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Carrà G, Russo I, Guerrasio A, Morotti A. Nuclear-cytoplasmic Shuttling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Implications in Leukemia Maintenance and Therapy. Cells 2019; 8:E1248. [PMID: 31614958 PMCID: PMC6830087 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling is a highly regulated and complex process, which involves both proteins and nucleic acids. Changes in cellular compartmentalization of various proteins, including oncogenes and tumor suppressors, affect cellular behavior, promoting or inhibiting proliferation, apoptosis and sensitivity to therapies. In this review, we will recapitulate the role of various shuttling components in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and we will provide insights on the potential role of shuttling proteins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Carrà
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
| | - Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
| | - Angelo Guerrasio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
| | - Alessandro Morotti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano (Turin), Italy.
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9
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Pennisi MS, Stella S, Vitale SR, Puma A, Di Gregorio S, Romano C, Tirrò E, Massimino M, Antolino A, Siragusa S, Mannina D, Impera S, Musolino C, Mineo G, Martino B, Zammit V, Di Raimondo F, Manzella L, Stagno F, Vigneri P. BCR-ABL1 Doubling-Times and Halving-Times May Predict CML Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Front Oncol 2019; 9:764. [PMID: 31456947 PMCID: PMC6700306 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), successful treatment requires accurate molecular monitoring to evaluate disease response and provide timely interventions for patients failing to achieve the desired outcomes. We wanted to determine whether measuring BCR-ABL1 mRNA doubling-times (DTs) could distinguish inconsequential rises in the oncogene's expression from resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Thus, we retrospectively examined BCR-ABL1 evolution in 305 chronic-phase CML patients receiving imatinib mesylate (IM) as a first line treatment. Patients were subdivided in two groups: those with a confirmed rise in BCR-ABL1 transcripts without MR3.0 loss and those failing IM. We found that the DTs of the former patients were significantly longer than those of patients developing IM resistance (57.80 vs. 41.45 days, p = 0.0114). Interestingly, the DT values of individuals failing second-generation (2G) TKIs after developing IM resistance were considerably shorter than those observed at the time of IM failure (27.20 vs. 41.45 days; p = 0.0035). We next wanted to establish if decreases in BCR-ABL1 transcripts would identify subjects likely to obtain deep molecular responses. We therefore analyzed the BCR-ABL1 halving-times (HTs) of a different cohort comprising 174 individuals receiving IM in first line and observed that, regardless of the time point selected for our analyses (6, 12, or 18 months), HTs were significantly shorter in subjects achieving superior molecular responses (p = 0.002 at 6 months; p < 0.001 at 12 months; p = 0.0099 at 18 months). Moreover, 50 patients receiving 2G TKIs as first line therapy and obtaining an MR3.0 (after 6 months; p = 0.003) or an MR4.0 (after 12 months; p = 0.019) displayed significantly shorter HTs than individuals lacking these molecular responses. Our findings suggest that BCR-ABL1 DTs and HTs are reliable tools to, respectively, identify subjects in MR3.0 that are failing their assigned TKI or to recognize patients likely to achieve deep molecular responses that should be considered for treatment discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Puma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Sandra Di Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Antolino
- Department of Transfusional Medicine, Maria Paternò-Arezzo Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Sergio Siragusa
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Donato Mannina
- Division of Hematology, Papardo Hospital, Messina, Italy
| | - Stefana Impera
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, ARNAS Garibaldi-Nesima, Catania, Italy
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico "G. Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mineo
- Division of Hematology, San Vincenzo Hospital, Taormina, Italy
| | - Bruno Martino
- Division of Hematology, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Valentina Zammit
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (A.O.U.) Policlinico - Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
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10
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Massimino M, Stella S, Tirrò E, Consoli ML, Pennisi MS, Puma A, Vitale SR, Romano C, Zammit V, Stagno F, Di Raimondo F, Manzella L. Rapid decline of Philadelphia-positive metaphases after nilotinib treatment in a CML patient expressing a rare e14a3 BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript: A case report. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2648-2653. [PMID: 31404304 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of chronic myeloid leukemia in a 52-year-old male expressing a rare e14a3 BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript. Cytogenetic analysis showed the t(9;22) translocation and multiplex RT-PCR detected an atypical fragment of approximately 230 base pairs. Using two primers recognizing exon 10 of BCR and exon 4 of ABL1, a larger PCR product was identified, cloned, sequenced and defined as an e14a3 BCR-ABL1 rearrangement. The patient was treated with nilotinib and monitored measuring cytogenetic and hematological parameters, while BCR-ABL1 transcripts were surveyed by conventional and semi-nested PCR. The patient achieved a complete hematologic response after two months of treatment followed by a complete cytogenetic remission two months later. Furthermore, PCR and semi-nested PCR failed to detect the e14a3 BCR-ABL1 mRNA after 15 and 21 months of nilotinib, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Consoli
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Adriana Puma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Valentina Zammit
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Medical and Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania I-95123, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele, Catania I-95123, Italy
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11
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Stella S, Zammit V, Vitale SR, Pennisi MS, Massimino M, Tirrò E, Forte S, Spitaleri A, Antolino A, Siracusa S, Accurso V, Mannina D, Impera S, Musolino C, Russo S, Malato A, Mineo G, Musso M, Porretto F, Martino B, Di Raimondo F, Manzella L, Vigneri P, Stagno F. Clinical Implications of Discordant Early Molecular Responses in CML Patients Treated with Imatinib. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092226. [PMID: 31064152 PMCID: PMC6539817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduction in BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS transcript levels to <10% after 3 months or <1% after 6 months of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy are associated with superior clinical outcomes in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. In this study, we investigated the reliability of multiple BCR-ABL1 thresholds in predicting treatment outcomes for 184 subjects diagnosed with CML and treated with standard-dose imatinib mesylate (IM). With a median follow-up of 61 months, patients with concordant BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS transcripts below the defined thresholds (10% at 3 months and 1% at 6 months) displayed significantly superior rates of event-free survival (86.1% vs. 26.6%) and deep molecular response (≥ MR4; 71.5% vs. 16.1%) compared to individuals with BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS levels above these defined thresholds. We then analyzed the outcomes of subjects displaying discordant molecular transcripts at 3- and 6-month time points. Among these patients, those with BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS values >10% at 3 months but <1% at 6 months fared significantly better than individuals with BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS <10% at 3 months but >1% at 6 months (event-free survival 68.2% vs. 32.7%; p < 0.001). Likewise, subjects with BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS at 3 months >10% but <1% at 6 months showed a higher cumulative incidence of MR4 compared to patients with BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS <10% at 3 months but >1% at 6 months (75% vs. 18.2%; p < 0.001). Finally, lower BCR-ABL1/GUSIS transcripts at diagnosis were associated with BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS values <1% at 6 months (p < 0.001). Our data suggest that when assessing early molecular responses to therapy, the 6-month BCR-ABL1/ABL1IS level displays a superior prognostic value compared to the 3-month measurement in patients with discordant oncogenic transcripts at these two pivotal time points.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Female
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/antagonists & inhibitors
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valentina Zammit
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, AOU Policlinico - V. Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Stefano Forte
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy.
| | - Antonio Spitaleri
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, AOU Policlinico - V. Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Agostino Antolino
- Department of Transfusional Medicine, Maria Paternò-Arezzo Hospital, 97100 Ragusa, Italy.
| | - Sergio Siracusa
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Accurso
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Donato Mannina
- Division of Hematology, Papardo Hospital, 98158 Messina, Italy.
| | - Stefana Impera
- Division of Oncology and Hematology, ARNAS Garibaldi-Nesima, 95122 Catania, Italy.
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Sabina Russo
- Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Malato
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Villa Sofia-Cervello Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Mineo
- Division of Hematology, San Vincenzo Hospital, 98039 Taormina, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Musso
- Division of Hematology, La Maddalena Hospital, 90146 Palermo, Italy.
| | | | - Bruno Martino
- Hematology Department, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, AOU Policlinico - V. Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Surgical Specialities, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, AOU Policlinico - V. Emanuele, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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12
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Tirrò E, Stella S, Massimino M, Zammit V, Pennisi MS, Vitale SR, Romano C, Di Gregorio S, Puma A, Di Raimondo F, Stagno F, Manzella L. Colony-Forming Cell Assay Detecting the Co-Expression of JAK2V617F and BCR-ABL1 in the Same Clone: A Case Report. Acta Haematol 2019; 141:261-267. [PMID: 30965317 DOI: 10.1159/000496821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative disorders and chronic myeloid leukaemia are haematologic malignancies characterised by single and mutually exclusive genetic alterations. Nevertheless, several patients co-expressing the JAK2V617F mutation and the BCR-ABL1 transcript have been described in the literature. We report the case of a 61-year-old male who presented with an essential thrombocythaemia phenotype and had a subsequent diagnosis of chronic phase chronic myeloid leukaemia. Colony-forming assays demonstrated the coexistence of 2 different haematopoietic clones: one was positive for the JAK2V617F mutation and the other co-expressed both JAK2V617F and the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. No colonies displayed the BCR-ABL1 transcript alone. These findings indicate that the JAK2V617F mutation was the founding genetic alteration of the disease, followed by the acquisition of the BCR-ABL1 chimeric oncogene. Our data support the hypothesis that a heterozygous JAK2V617F clone may have favoured the bi-clonal nature of this myeloproliferative disorder, generating clones harbouring a second transforming genetic event.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Colony-Forming Units Assay
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/biosynthesis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Janus Kinase 2/biosynthesis
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation, Missense
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/enzymology
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/genetics
- Thrombocythemia, Essential/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy,
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Zammit
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Sandra Di Gregorio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Puma
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, A.O.U. "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
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13
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Tirrò E, Massimino M, Romano C, Pennisi MS, Stella S, Vitale SR, Fidilio A, Manzella L, Parrinello NL, Stagno F, Palumbo GA, La Cava P, Romano A, Di Raimondo F, Vigneri PG. Chk1 Inhibition Restores Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Citotoxicity in CD22-Positive Cells Expressing Mutant p53. Front Oncol 2019; 9:57. [PMID: 30834235 PMCID: PMC6387953 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inotuzumab ozogamicin (IO) is an anti-CD22 calicheamicin immunoconjugate that has been recently approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (r/r B-ALL). We employed both immortalized and primary cells derived from CD22-positive lymphoproliferative disorders to investigate the signaling pathways contributing to IO sensitivity or resistance. We found that the drug reduced the proliferation rate of CD22-positive cell lines expressing wild-type p53, but was remarkably less effective on cells exhibiting mutant p53. In addition, CD22-positive cells surviving IO were mostly blocked in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle because of Chk1 activation that, in the presence of a wild-type p53 background, led to p21 induction. When we combined IO with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01, we successfully abrogated IO-induced G2/M arrest regardless of the underlying p53 status, indicating that the DNA damage response triggered by IO is also modulated by p53-independent mechanisms. To establish a predictive value for p53 in determining IO responsiveness, we expressed mutant p53 in cell lines displaying the wild-type gene and observed an increase in IO IC50 values. Likewise, overexpression of an inducible wild-type p53 in cells natively presenting a mutant protein decreased their IC50 for IO. These results were also confirmed in primary CD22-positive cells derived from B-ALL patients at diagnosis and from patients with r/r B-ALL. Furthermore, co-treatment with IO and UCN-01 significantly increased cell death in primary cells expressing mutant p53. In summary, our findings suggest that p53 status may represent a biomarker predictive of IO efficacy in patients diagnosed with CD22-positive malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tirrò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Romano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Stella Pennisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Stefania Stella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Silvia Rita Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | | | - Livia Manzella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Stagno
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Alberto Palumbo
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "G. F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Piera La Cava
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Romano
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Raimondo
- Division of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy.,Department of Surgery and Medical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Paolo G Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Center of Experimental Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
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14
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Steinberg SF. Post-translational modifications at the ATP-positioning G-loop that regulate protein kinase activity. Pharmacol Res 2018; 135:181-187. [PMID: 30048755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are a superfamily of enzymes that control a wide range of cellular functions. These enzymes share a highly conserved catalytic core that folds into a similar bilobar three-dimensional structure. One highly conserved region in the protein kinase core is the glycine-rich loop (or G-loop), a highly flexible loop that is characterized by a consensus GxGxxG sequence. The G-loop points toward the catalytic cleft and functions to bind and position ATP for phosphotransfer. Of note, in many protein kinases, the second and third glycine residues in the G-loop triad flank residues that can be targets for phosphorylation (Ser, Thr, or Tyr) or other post-translational modifications (ubiquitination, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, oxidation). There is considerable evidence that cyclin-dependent kinases are held inactive through inhibitory phosphorylation of the conserved Thr/Tyr residues in this position of the G-loop and that dephosphorylation by cellular phosphatases is required for CDK activation and progression through the cell cycle. This review summarizes literature that identifies residues in or adjacent to the G-loop in other protein kinases that are targets for functionally important post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan F Steinberg
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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15
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Vigneri P, Stagno F, Stella S, Cupri A, Forte S, Massimino M, Antolino A, Siragusa S, Mannina D, Impera SS, Musolino C, Malato A, Mineo G, Tomaselli C, Murgano P, Musso M, Morabito F, Molica S, Martino B, Manzella L, Müller MC, Hochhaus A, Raimondo FD. High BCR–ABL/GUSIS Levels at Diagnosis of Chronic Phase CML Are Associated with Unfavorable Responses to Standard-Dose Imatinib. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:7189-7198. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Morrison CD, Chang JC, Keri RA, Schiemann WP. Mutant p53 dictates the oncogenic activity of c-Abl in triple-negative breast cancers. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2899. [PMID: 28661474 PMCID: PMC5520943 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We recently established c-Abl as a potent suppressor of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression through its reactivation of a p53:p21 signaling axis coupled to senescence. Moreover, we observed co-expression of p53 and c-Abl to be essential for normal mammary epithelial cell physiology, as this relationship is lost upon breast cancer progression. Cytoplasmic c-Abl activity is markedly increased in some TNBCs and contributes to disease progression; however, the mechanisms underlying these events remain largely unknown. In addressing this question, we show here that c-Abl is predominantly restricted to the cytoplasm of human MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells, and to the nucleus of human MCF-7 luminal A cells. TTK is a mitotic protein kinase that phosphorylates c-Abl on Thr735, thereby creating a recognition binding motif for 14-3-3 adaptor proteins in response to oxidative stress. By interrogating the METABRIC database, we observed a significant correlation between p53 expression and that of c-Abl and TTK in basal-like breast cancers. Moreover, heterologous expression of TTK in MCF-7 cells significantly stimulated their growth in part via a c-Abl-dependent mechanism. Conversely, depleting TTK expression in MDA-MB-231 cells not only inhibited their organoid growth in 3D-cultures, but also sensitized them to the tumor suppressing activities of c-Abl independent of its subcellular localization. Moreover, we show that mutant p53 forms cytoplasmic complexes with c-Abl, thereby dictating the subcellular localization of c-Abl and the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to Imatinib. In response to nutrient deprivation, c-Abl:p53 complexes readily accumulate in the nucleus, resulting in the hyperactivation of c-Abl and initiation of its anti-tumor activities. Collectively, we identified a novel mutant p53:c-Abl cytoplasmic signaling complex that promotes MDA-MB-231 cell growth and highlights the contextual cues that confer oncogenic activity to c-Abl in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chevaun D Morrison
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jenny C Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Blockade of Y177 and Nuclear Translocation of Bcr-Abl Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030537. [PMID: 28257089 PMCID: PMC5372553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gradual emerging of resistance to imatinib urgently calls for the development of new therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The fusion protein Bcr-Abl, which promotes the malignant transformation of CML cells, is mainly located in the cytoplasm, while the c-Abl protein which is expressed in the nucleus can induce apoptosis. Based on the hetero-dimerization of FKBP (the 12-kDa FK506- and rapamycin-binding protein) and FRB (the FKBP-rapamycin binding domain of the protein kinase, mTOR) mediated by AP21967, we constructed a nuclear transport system to induce cytoplasmic Bcr-Abl into nuclear. In this study, we reported the construction of the nuclear transport system, and we demonstrated that FN3R (three nuclear localization signals were fused to FRBT2098L with a FLAG tag), HF2S (two FKBP domains were in tandem and fused to the SH2 domain of Grb2 with an HA tag) and Bcr-Abl form a complexus upon AP21967. Bcr-Abl was imported into the nucleus successfully by the nuclear transport system. The nuclear transport system inhibited CML cell proliferation through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) pathways mainly by HF2S. It was proven that nuclear located Bcr-Abl induced CML cell (including imatinib-resistant K562G01 cells) apoptosis by activation of p73 and its downstream molecules. In summary, our study provides a new targeted therapy for the CML patients even with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI)-resistance.
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Colecchia D, Rossi M, Sasdelli F, Sanzone S, Strambi A, Chiariello M. MAPK15 mediates BCR-ABL1-induced autophagy and regulates oncogene-dependent cell proliferation and tumor formation. Autophagy 2016; 11:1790-802. [PMID: 26291129 PMCID: PMC4824572 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2015.1084454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A reciprocal translocation of the ABL1 gene to the BCR gene results in the expression of the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 fusion protein, which characterizes human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a myeloproliferative disorder considered invariably fatal until the introduction of the imatinib family of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). Nonetheless, insensitivity of CML stem cells to TKI treatment and intrinsic or acquired resistance are still frequent causes for disease persistence and blastic phase progression experienced in patients after initial successful therapies. Here, we investigated a possible role for the MAPK15/ERK8 kinase in BCR-ABL1-dependent autophagy, a key process for oncogene-induced leukemogenesis. In this context, we showed the ability of MAPK15 to physically recruit the oncogene to autophagic vesicles, confirming our hypothesis of a biologically relevant role for this MAP kinase in signal transduction by this oncogene. Indeed, by modeling BCR-ABL1 signaling in HeLa cells and taking advantage of a physiologically relevant model for human CML, i.e. K562 cells, we demonstrated that BCR-ABL1-induced autophagy is mediated by MAPK15 through its ability to interact with LC3-family proteins, in a LIR-dependent manner. Interestingly, we were also able to interfere with BCR-ABL1-induced autophagy by a pharmacological approach aimed at inhibiting MAPK15, opening the possibility of acting on this kinase to affect autophagy and diseases depending on this cellular function. Indeed, to support the feasibility of this approach, we demonstrated that depletion of endogenous MAPK15 expression inhibited BCR-ABL1-dependent cell proliferation, in vitro, and tumor formation, in vivo, therefore providing a novel "druggable" link between BCR-ABL1 and human CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Colecchia
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy.,b Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Sede di Siena, CNR ; Siena , Italy
| | - Matteo Rossi
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy
| | - Federica Sasdelli
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy.,b Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Sede di Siena, CNR ; Siena , Italy
| | - Sveva Sanzone
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy
| | - Angela Strambi
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- a Istituto Toscano Tumori-Core Research Laboratory; Signal Transduction Unit, AOU Senese ; Siena Italy.,b Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Sede di Siena, CNR ; Siena , Italy
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19
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The Philadelphia chromosome in leukemogenesis. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2016; 35:48. [PMID: 27233483 PMCID: PMC4896164 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The truncated chromosome 22 that results from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) is known as the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). In leukemia cells, Ph not only impairs the physiological signaling pathways but also disrupts genomic stability. This aberrant fusion gene encodes the breakpoint cluster region-proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase (BCR-ABL1) oncogenic protein with persistently enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. The kinase activity is responsible for maintaining proliferation, inhibiting differentiation, and conferring resistance to cell death. During the progression of CML from the chronic phase to the accelerated phase and then to the blast phase, the expression patterns of different BCR-ABL1 transcripts vary. Each BCR-ABL1 transcript is present in a distinct leukemia phenotype, which predicts both response to therapy and clinical outcome. Besides CML, the Ph is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and mixed-phenotype acute leukemia. Here, we provide an overview of the clinical presentation and cellular biology of different phenotypes of Ph-positive leukemia and highlight key findings regarding leukemogenesis.
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MicroRNA-1301-Mediated RanGAP1 Downregulation Induces BCR-ABL Nuclear Entrapment to Enhance Imatinib Efficacy in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156260. [PMID: 27228340 PMCID: PMC4881950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease. Imatinib (IM), the first line treatment for CML, is excessively expensive and induces various side effects in CML patients. Therefore, it is essential to investigate a new strategy for improving CML therapy. Our immunoblot data revealed that RanGTPase activating protein 1 (RanGAP1) protein levels increased by approximately 30-fold in K562 cells compared with those in normal cells. RanGAP1 is one of the important components of RanGTPase system, which regulates the export of nuclear protein. However, whether RanGAP1 level variation influences BCR-ABL nuclear export is still unknown. In this report, using shRNA to downregulate RanGAP1 expression level augmented K562 cell apoptosis by approximately 40% after treatment with 250 nM IM. Immunofluorescence assay also indicated that three-fold of nuclear BCR-ABL was detected. These data suggest that BCR-ABL nuclear entrapment induced by RanGAP1 downregulation can be used to improve IM efficacy. Moreover, our qRT-PCR data indicated a trend of inverse correlation between the RanGAP1 and microRNA (miR)-1301 levels in CML patients. MiR-1301, targeting the RanGAP1 3' untranslated region, decreased by approximately 100-fold in K562 cells compared with that in normal cells. RanGAP1 downregulation by miR-1301 transfection impairs BCR-ABL nuclear export to increase approximately 60% of cell death after treatment of 250 nM IM. This result was almost the same as treatment with 1000 nM IM alone. Furthermore, immunofluorescence assay demonstrated that Tyr-99 of nuclear P73 was phosphorylated accompanied with nuclear entrapment of BCR-ABL after transfection with RanGAP1 shRNA or miR-1301 in IM-treated K562 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that RanGAP1 downregulation can mediate BCR-ABL nuclear entrapment to activate P73-dependent apoptosis pathway which is a novel strategy for improving current IM treatment for CML.
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Chai XX, Cai ZP, Yang MT, Zhou Y, Fu YJ, Xiong YZ. 2-Aminoxazole and 2-Aminothiazole Dasatinib Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia K562 Cells. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:523-31. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi-Ping Cai
- Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | | | - Ying Zhou
- Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
| | - Ying-Jun Fu
- Medical School of Nanchang University; Nanchang China
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22
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Ichim CV. Kinase-independent mechanisms of resistance of leukemia stem cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:405-15. [PMID: 24598782 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2012-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib mesylate have changed the clinical course of chronic myeloid leukemia; however, the observation that these inhibitors do not target the leukemia stem cell implies that patients need to maintain lifelong therapy. The mechanism of this phenomenon is unclear: the question of whether tyrosine kinase inhibitors are inactive inside leukemia stem cells or whether leukemia stem cells do not require breakpoint cluster region (Bcr)-Abl signaling is currently under debate. Herein, I propose an alternative model: perhaps the leukemia stem cell requires Bcr-Abl, but is dependent on its kinase-independent functions. Kinases such as epidermal growth factor receptor and Janus kinase 2 possess kinase-independent roles in regulation of gene expression; it is worth investigating whether Bcr-Abl has similar functions. Mechanistically, Bcr-Abl is able to activate the Ras, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, and/or the Src-kinase Hck/Stat5 pathways in a scaffolding-dependent manner. Whereas the scaffolding activity of Bcr-Abl with Grb2 is dependent on autophosphorylation, kinases such as Hck can use Bcr-Abl as substrate, inducing phosphorylation of Y177 to enable scaffolding ability in the absence of Bcr-Abl catalytic activity. It is worth investigating whether leukemia stem cells exclusively express kinases that are able to use Bcr-Abl as substrate. A kinase-independent role for Bcr-Abl in leukemia stem cells would imply that drugs that target Bcr-Abl's scaffolding ability or its DNA-binding ability should be used in conjunction with current therapeutic regimens to increase their efficacy and eradicate the stem cells of chronic myeloid leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/enzymology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Victoria Ichim
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Discipline of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Buffa P, Romano C, Pandini A, Massimino M, Tirrò E, Di Raimondo F, Manzella L, Fraternali F, Vigneri PG. BCR-ABL residues interacting with ponatinib are critical to preserve the tumorigenic potential of the oncoprotein. FASEB J 2014; 28:1221-36. [PMID: 24297701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-236992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in whom tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) fail often present mutations in the BCR-ABL catalytic domain. We noticed a lack of substitutions involving 4 amino acids (E286, M318, I360, and D381) that form hydrogen bonds with ponatinib. We therefore introduced mutations in each of these residues, either preserving or altering their physicochemical properties. We found that E286, M318, I360, and D381 are dispensable for ABL and BCR-ABL protein stability but are critical for preserving catalytic activity. Indeed, only a "conservative" I360T substitution retained kinase proficiency and transforming potential. Molecular dynamics simulations of BCR-ABL(I360T) revealed differences in both helix αC dynamics and protein-correlated motions, consistent with a modified ATP-binding pocket. Nevertheless, this mutant remained sensitive to ponatinib, imatinib, and dasatinib. These results suggest that changes in the 4 BCR-ABL residues described here would be selected against by a lack of kinase activity or by maintained responsiveness to TKIs. Notably, amino acids equivalent to those identified in BCR-ABL are conserved in 51% of human tyrosine kinases. Hence, these residues may represent an appealing target for the design of pharmacological compounds that would inhibit additional oncogenic tyrosine kinases while avoiding the emergence of resistance due to point mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Buffa
- 2P.G.V., Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Via Androne, 85, 95124 Catania, Italy.
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24
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Massimino M, Consoli ML, Mesuraca M, Stagno F, Tirrò E, Stella S, Pennisi MS, Romano C, Buffa P, Bond HM, Morrone G, Sciacca L, Di Raimondo F, Manzella L, Vigneri P. IRF5 is a target of BCR-ABL kinase activity and reduces CML cell proliferation. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1132-43. [PMID: 24445143 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) modulates the expression of genes controlling cell growth and apoptosis. Previous findings have suggested a lack of IRF5 transcripts in both acute and chronic leukemias. However, to date, IRF5 expression and function have not been investigated in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). We report that IRF5 is expressed in CML cells, where it interacts with the BCR-ABL kinase that modulates its expression and induces its tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosine-phosphorylated IRF5 displayed reduced transcriptional activity that was partially restored by imatinib mesylate (IM). Interestingly, a mutant devoid of a BCR-ABL consensus site (IRF5(Y104F)) still presented significant tyrosine phosphorylation. This finding suggests that the oncoprotein phosphorylates additional tyrosine residues or induces downstream signaling pathways leading to further IRF5 phosphorylation. We also found that ectopic expression of IRF5 decreases the proliferation of CML cell lines by slowing their S-G2 transition, increasing the inhibition of BCR-ABL signaling and enhancing the lethality effect observed after treatment with IM, α-2-interferon and a DNA-damaging agent. Furthermore, IRF5 overexpression successfully reduced the clonogenic ability of CML CD34-positive progenitors before and after exposure to the above-indicated cytotoxic stimuli. Our data identify IRF5 as a downstream target of the BCR-ABL kinase, suggesting that its biological inactivation contributes to leukemic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Massimino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Bio-Medicine, University of Catania, 85-95124 Catania, Italy
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25
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Abstract
The mammalian ABL1 gene encodes the ubiquitously expressed nonreceptor tyrosine kinase ABL. In response to growth factors, cytokines, cell adhesion, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and other signals, ABL is activated to stimulate cell proliferation or differentiation, survival or death, retraction, or migration. ABL also regulates specialized functions such as antigen receptor signaling in lymphocytes, synapse formation in neurons, and bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. Although discovered as the proto-oncogene from which the Abelson leukemia virus derived its Gag-v-Abl oncogene, recent results have linked ABL kinase activation to neuronal degeneration. This body of knowledge on ABL seems confusing because it does not fit the one-gene-one-function paradigm. Without question, ABL capabilities are encoded by its gene sequence and that molecular blueprint designs this kinase to be regulated by subcellular location-dependent interactions with inhibitors and substrate activators. Furthermore, ABL shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm where it binds DNA and actin--two biopolymers with fundamental roles in almost all biological processes. Taken together, the cumulated results from analyses of ABL structure-function, ABL mutant mouse phenotypes, and ABL substrates suggest that this tyrosine kinase does not have its own agenda but that, instead, it has evolved to serve a variety of tissue-specific and context-dependent biological functions.
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26
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Formation of long and winding nuclear F-actin bundles by nuclear c-Abl tyrosine kinase. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:3251-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Miller GD, Woessner DW, Sirch MJ, Lim CS. Multidomain targeting of Bcr-Abl by disruption of oligomerization and tyrosine kinase inhibition: toward eradication of CML. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:3475-83. [PMID: 23915432 DOI: 10.1021/mp400323c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The oncoprotein Bcr-Abl, the causative agent of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), requires homo-oligomerization via a coiled-coil domain to function [Bartram, C. R.; et al. Nature 1983, 306 (5940), 277-280; and Zhao, X.; et al. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2002, 9(2), 117-120]. While tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have shown great efficacy as treatment options for CML, their use may cause an acquisition of mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain, which prevent TKI binding and lead to a loss in activity [Woessner, D. W.; et al. Cancer J. 2011, 17(6), 477-486]. Previously, we have shown that a rationally modified coiled-coil domain (CC(mut3)) can disrupt this oligomerization, inhibit proliferation, and induce apoptosis in CML cells [Dixon, A. S.; et al. Mol. Pharmaceutics 2012, 9(1), 187-195]. Here, we show that using the most recently approved TKI, ponatinib (Iclusig), in combination with CC(mut3) allows a dose reduction of ponatinib and increased therapeutic efficacy in vitro measured by reduction in kinase activity, induction of apoptosis via caspase-3/7 and 7-AAD/Annexin V assays, and reduced transformative ability measured by a colony forming assay. The combination was effective not only in cells containing wild-type Bcr-Abl (K562, Ba/F3-p210) but also cells with Bcr-Abl containing the T315I mutation (Ba/F3-p210-T315I). In addition, we report for the first time the ability of CC(mut3) alone to inhibit the T315I mutant form of Bcr-Abl. This novel combination may prove to be more potent than single agent therapies and should be further explored for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ‡Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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28
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Farooqi AA, Nawaz A, Javed Z, Bhatti S, Ismail M. While at Rome miRNA and TRAIL do whatever BCR-ABL commands to do. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 61:59-74. [PMID: 23229677 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
It is a well-acclaimed fact that proteins expressed as a consequence of oncogenic fusions, mutations or amplifications can facilitate ectopic protein-protein interactions that re-wire signal dissemination pathways, in a manner that escalates malignancy. BCR-ABL-mediated signal transduction cascades in leukemic cells are assembled and modulated by a finely controlled network of protein-protein interactions, mediated by characteristic signaling domains and their respective binding motifs. BCR-ABL functions in a cell context-specific and cell type-specific manner to integrate signals that affect uncontrolled cellular proliferation. In this review, we draw attention to the recent progress made in outlining resistance against TRAIL-mediated apoptosis and diametrically opposed roles of miRNAs in BCR-ABL-positive leukemic cells. BCR-ABL governs carcinogenesis through well-organized web of antiapoptotic proteins and over-expressed oncomirs which target death receptors and pro-apoptotic genes. Set of oncomirs which inversely correlate with expression of TRAIL via suppression of SMAD is an important dimension which is gradually gaining attention of the researchers. Contrary to this, some current findings show a new role of BCR-ABL in nucleus with spotlight on apoptosis. It seems obvious that genetic heterogeneity of leukemias poses therapeutic challenges, and pharmacological agents that target components of the cancer promoting nano-machinery still need broad experimental validation to be considered competent as a component of the therapeutic arsenal for this group of diseases. Rapidly developing technologies are empowering us to explain the molecular "nature" of a patient and/or tumor and with this integration of personalized medicine, with maximized efficacy, cost effectiveness will hopefully improve survival chances of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Lahore, Pakistan.
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29
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Constance JE, Woessner DW, Matissek KJ, Mossalam M, Lim CS. Enhanced and selective killing of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells with an engineered BCR-ABL binding protein and imatinib. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:3318-29. [PMID: 22957899 DOI: 10.1021/mp3003539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The oncoprotein Bcr-Abl stimulates prosurvival pathways and suppresses apoptosis from its exclusively cytoplasmic locale, but when targeted to the mitochondrial compartment of leukemia cells, Bcr-Abl was potently cytotoxic. Therefore, we designed a protein construct to act as a mitochondrial chaperone to move Bcr-Abl to the mitochondria. The chaperone (i.e., the 43.6 kDa intracellular cryptic escort (iCE)) contains an EGFP tag and two previously characterized motifs: (1) an optimized Bcr-Abl binding motif that interacts with the coiled-coil domain of Bcr (ccmut3; 72 residues), and (2) a cryptic mitochondrial targeting signal (cMTS; 51 residues) that selectively targets the mitochondria in oxidatively stressed cells (i.e., Bcr-Abl positive leukemic cells) via phosphorylation at a key residue (T193) by protein kinase C. While the iCE colocalized with Bcr-Abl, it did not relocalize to the mitochondria. However, the iCE was selectively toxic to Bcr-Abl positive K562 cells as compared to Bcr-Abl negative Cos-7 fibroblasts and 1471.1 murine breast cancer cells. The toxicity of the iCE to leukemic cells was equivalent to 10 μM imatinib at 48 h and the iCE combined with imatinib potentiated cell death beyond imatinib or the iCE alone. Substitution of either the ccmut3 or the cMTS with another Bcr-Abl binding domain (derived from Ras/Rab interaction protein 1 (RIN1; 295 residues)) or MTS (i.e., the canonical IMS derived from Smac/Diablo; 49 residues) did not match the cytotoxicity of the iCE. Additionally, a phosphorylation null mutant of the iCE also abolished the killing effect. The mitochondrial toxicity of Bcr-Abl and the iCE in Bcr-Abl positive K562 leukemia cells was confirmed by flow cytometric analysis of 7-AAD, TUNEL, and annexin-V staining. DNA segmentation and cell viability were assessed by microscopy. Subcellular localization of constructs was determined using confocal microscopy (including statistical colocalization analysis). Overall, the iCE was highly active against K562 leukemia cells and the killing effect was dependent upon both the ccmut3 and functional cMTS domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Constance
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, United States
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30
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Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and c-Abl Signaling: At the Crossroad in Neurodegenerative Diseases? Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:683097. [PMID: 22761618 PMCID: PMC3385657 DOI: 10.1155/2012/683097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The c-Abl tyrosine kinase is implicated in diverse cellular activities including growth factor signaling, cell adhesion, oxidative stress, and DNA damage response. Studies in mouse models have shown that the kinases of the c-Abl family play a role in the development of the central nervous system. Recent reports show that aberrant c-Abl activation causes neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in the forebrain of transgenic adult mice. In line with these observations, an increased c-Abl activation is reported in human neurodegenerative pathologies, such as Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's diseases. This suggests that aberrant nonspecific posttranslational modifications induced by c-Abl may contribute to fuel the recurrent phenotypes/features linked to neurodegenerative disorders, such as an impaired mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and accumulation of protein aggregates. Herein, we review some reports on c-Abl function in neuronal cells and we propose that modulation of different aspects of c-Abl signaling may contribute to mediate the molecular events at the interface between stress signaling, metabolic regulation, and DNA damage. Finally, we propose that this may have an impact in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Dixon AS, Constance JE, Tanaka T, Rabbitts TH, Lim CS. Changing the subcellular location of the oncoprotein Bcr-Abl using rationally designed capture motifs. Pharm Res 2011; 29:1098-109. [PMID: 22183511 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bcr-Abl, the causative agent of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), localizes in the cytoplasm where its oncogenic signaling leads to proliferation of cells. If forced into the nucleus Bcr-Abl causes apoptosis. To achieve nuclear translocation, binding domains for capture of Bcr-Abl were generated and attached to proteins with signals destined for the nucleus. These resulting proteins would be capable of binding and translocating endogenous Bcr-Abl to the nucleus. METHODS Bcr-Abl was targeted at 3 distinct domains for capture: by construction of high affinity intracellular antibody domains (iDabs) to regions of Bcr-Abl known to promote cytoplasmic retention, via its coiled coil domain (CC), and through a naturally occurring protein-protein interaction domain (RIN1). These binding domains were then tested for their ability to escort Bcr-Abl into the nucleus using a "protein switch" or attachment of 4 nuclear localization signals (NLSs). RESULTS Although RIN1, ABI7-iDab, and CCmut3 constructs all produced similar colocalization with Bcr-Abl, only 4NLS-CCmut3 produced efficient nuclear translocation of Bcr-Abl. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that a small binding domain can be used to control the subcellular localization of Bcr-Abl, which may have implications for CML therapy. Our ultimate future goal is to change the location of critical proteins to alter their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Dixon
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, 421 Wakara Way, Rm. 318, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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