1
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Otani Y, Yoshikawa S, Nagao K, Tanaka T, Toyooka S, Fujimura A. Connective tissue mast cells store and release noradrenaline. J Physiol Sci 2023; 73:24. [PMID: 37828465 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-023-00883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells are present in mucosal and connective tissues throughout the body. They synthesize and release a wide variety of bioactive molecules, such as histamine, proteases, and cytokines. In this study, we found that a population of connective tissue mast cells (CTMCs) stores and releases noradrenaline, originating from sympathetic nerves. Noradrenaline-storing cells, not neuronal fibers, were predominantly identified in the connective tissues of the skin, mammary gland, gastrointestinal tract, bronchus, thymus, and pancreas in wild-type mice but were absent in mast cell-deficient W-sash c-kit mutant KitW-sh/W-sh mice. In vitro studies using bone marrow-derived mast cells revealed that extracellular noradrenaline was taken up but not synthesized. Upon ionomycin stimulation, noradrenaline was released. Electron microscopy analyses further suggested that noradrenaline is stored in and released from the secretory granules of mast cells. Finally, we found that noradrenaline-storing CTMCs express organic cation transporter 3 (Oct3), which is also known as an extraneuronal monoamine transporter, SLC22A3. Our findings indicate that mast cells may play a role in regulating noradrenaline concentration by storing and releasing it in somatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Otani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kei Nagao
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujimura
- Department of Cellular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-Cho, Kita-Ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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2
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Huang R, Yamamoto T, Nakata E, Ozaki T, Kurozumi K, Wei F, Tomizawa K, Fujimura A. CDKAL1 Drives the Maintenance of Cancer Stem-Like Cells by Assembling the eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206542. [PMID: 36786012 PMCID: PMC10131790 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) have a unique translation mode, but little is understood about the process of elongation, especially the contribution of tRNA modifications to the maintenance of CSCs properties. Here, it is reported that, contrary to the initial aim, a tRNA-modifying methylthiotransferase CDKAL1 promotes CSC-factor SALL2 synthesis by assembling the eIF4F translation initiation complex. CDKAL1 expression is upregulated in patients with worse prognoses and is essential for maintaining CSCs in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and common cancers. Translatome analysis reveals that a group of mRNAs whose translation is CDKAL1-dependent contains cytosine-rich sequences in the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). Mechanistically, CDKAL1 promotes the translation of such mRNAs by organizing the eIF4F translation initiation complex. This complex formation does not require the enzyme activity of CDKAL1 but requires only the NH2 -terminus domain of CDKAL1. Furthermore, sites in CDKAL1 essential for forming the eIF4F complex are identified and discovered candidate inhibitors of CDKAL1-dependent translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsheng Huang
- Department of Cellular PhysiologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaOkayama700‐8558Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto University Faculty of Life SciencesKumamotoKumamoto860‐0811Japan
| | - Eiji Nakata
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaOkayama700‐8558Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaOkayama700‐8558Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kurozumi
- Department of NeurosurgeryHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuShizuoka431‐3192Japan
| | - Fanyan Wei
- Department of Modomics Biology and MedicineInstitute of Development, Aging and CancerTohoku UniversitySendaiMiyagi980‐8575Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyKumamoto University Faculty of Life SciencesKumamotoKumamoto860‐0811Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujimura
- Department of Cellular PhysiologyOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaOkayama700‐8558Japan
- Neutron Therapy Research CenterOkayama UniversityOkayamaOkayama700‐8558Japan
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3
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Hawkshaw NJ, Paus R. Beyond the NFAT Horizon: From Cyclosporine A-Induced Adverse Skin Effects to Novel Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:316-328. [PMID: 33752908 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immunophilin ligand, cyclosporine A (CsA), which inhibits nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity, is a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy. Yet, the molecular basis of its prominent, nonimmunosuppression-related adverse skin effects, namely drug-induced excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis), is insufficiently understood. Here, we argue that analysis of these adverse effects can uncover clinically important, previously unknown mechanisms of CsA and identify new molecular targets and lead compounds for therapeutic intervention. We exemplify this through our recent discovery that CsA suppresses the potent Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled related protein (SFRP)1, in human hair follicles, thereby promoting hair growth and causing hypertrichosis. On this basis, we advocate a new focus on deciphering the molecular basis of the adverse effects of CsA in suitable human model systems as a lead to developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, The University of Manchester and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK; Dr Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Monasterium Laboratory Skin and Hair Research Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany.
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4
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Fujimura A, Yasui S, Igawa K, Ueda A, Watanabe K, Hanafusa T, Ichikawa Y, Yoshihashi S, Tsuchida K, Kamiya A, Furuya S. In Vitro Studies to Define the Cell-Surface and Intracellular Targets of Polyarginine-Conjugated Sodium Borocaptate as a Potential Delivery Agent for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102149. [PMID: 32977522 PMCID: PMC7598271 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) requires pharmaceutical innovations and molecular-based evidence of effectiveness to become a standard cancer therapeutic in the future. Recently, in Japan, 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA) was approved as a boron agent for BNCT against head and neck (H&N) cancers. H&N cancer appears to be a suitable target for BPA-BNCT, because the expression levels of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), one of the amino acid transporters responsible for BPA uptake, are elevated in most cases of H&N cancer. However, in other types of cancer including malignant brain tumors, LAT1 is not always highly expressed. To expand the possibility of BNCT for these cases, we previously developed poly-arginine peptide (polyR)-conjugated mercaptoundecahydrododecaborate (BSH). PolyR confers the cell membrane permeability and tumor selectivity of BSH. However, the molecular determinants for the properties are not fully understood. In this present study, we have identified the cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) protein and translational machinery proteins as a major cell surface target and intracellular targets of BSH-polyR, respectively. CD44, also known as a stem cell-associated maker in various types of cancer, is required for the cellular uptake of polyR-conjugated molecules. We showed that BSH-polyR was predominantly delivered to a CD44High cell population of cancer cells. Once delivered, BSH-polyR interacted with the translational machinery components, including the initiation factors, termination factors, and poly(A)-biding protein (PABP). As a proof of principle, we performed BSH-polyR-based BNCT against glioma stem-like cells and revealed that BSH-polyR successfully induced BNCT-dependent cell death specifically in CD44High cells. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that BSH-polyR would be suitable for certain types of malignant tumors. Our results shed light on the biochemical properties of BSH-polyR, which may further contribute to the therapeutic optimization of BSH-BNCT in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fujimura
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-7105
| | - Seiji Yasui
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Kazuyo Igawa
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Ai Ueda
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Kaori Watanabe
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Tadashi Hanafusa
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Yasuaki Ichikawa
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
| | - Sachiko Yoshihashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Kazuki Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.T.)
| | - Atsunori Kamiya
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan;
| | - Shuichi Furuya
- Neutron Therapy Research Center, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.I.); (A.U.); (K.W.); (T.H.); (Y.I.); (S.F.)
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5
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Li G, Tang X, Zhang S, Jin M, Wang M, Deng Z, Liu Z, Qian M, Shi W, Wang Z, Xie H, Li J, Liu B. SIRT7 activates quiescent hair follicle stem cells to ensure hair growth in mice. EMBO J 2020; 39:e104365. [PMID: 32696520 PMCID: PMC7507325 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019104365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) are maintained in a quiescent state until activated to grow, but the mechanisms that reactivate the quiescent HFSC reservoir are unclear. Here, we find that loss of Sirt7 in mice impedes hair follicle life‐cycle transition from telogen to anagen phase, resulting in delay of hair growth. Conversely, Sirt7 overexpression during telogen phase facilitated HSFC anagen entry and accelerated hair growth. Mechanistically, Sirt7 is upregulated in HFSCs during the telogen‐to‐anagen transition, and HFSC‐specific Sirt7 knockout mice (Sirt7f/f;K15‐Cre) exhibit a similar hair growth delay. At the molecular level, Sirt7 interacts with and deacetylates the transcriptional regulator Nfatc1 at K612, causing PA28γ‐dependent proteasomal degradation to terminate Nfatc1‐mediated telogen quiescence and boost anagen entry. Cyclosporin A, a potent calcineurin inhibitor, suppresses nuclear retention of Nfatc1, abrogates hair follicle cycle delay, and promotes hair growth in Sirt7−/− mice. Furthermore, Sirt7 is downregulated in aged HFSCs, and exogenous Sirt7 overexpression promotes hair growth in aged animals. These data reveal that Sirt7 activates HFSCs by destabilizing Nfatc1 to ensure hair follicle cycle initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meiling Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zuojun Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minxian Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zimei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systemic Aging and Intervention (SAI), National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology (Shenzhen), International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Hawkshaw NJ, Hardman JA, Haslam IS, Shahmalak A, Gilhar A, Lim X, Paus R. Identifying novel strategies for treating human hair loss disorders: Cyclosporine A suppresses the Wnt inhibitor, SFRP1, in the dermal papilla of human scalp hair follicles. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2003705. [PMID: 29738529 PMCID: PMC5940179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2003705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair growth disorders often carry a major psychological burden. Therefore, more effective human hair growth–modulatory agents urgently need to be developed. Here, we used the hypertrichosis-inducing immunosuppressant, Cyclosporine A (CsA), as a lead compound to identify new hair growth–promoting molecular targets. Through microarray analysis we identified the Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), as being down-regulated in the dermal papilla (DP) of CsA-treated human scalp hair follicles (HFs) ex vivo. Therefore, we further investigated the function of SFRP1 using a pharmacological approach and found that SFRP1 regulates intrafollicular canonical Wnt/β-catenin activity through inhibition of Wnt ligands in the human hair bulb. Conversely, inhibiting SFRP1 activity through the SFRP1 antagonist, WAY-316606, enhanced hair shaft production, hair shaft keratin expression, and inhibited spontaneous HF regression (catagen) ex vivo. Collectively, these data (a) identify Wnt signalling as a novel, non–immune-inhibitory CsA target; (b) introduce SFRP1 as a physiologically important regulator of canonical β-catenin activity in a human (mini-)organ; and (c) demonstrate WAY-316606 to be a promising new promoter of human hair growth. Since inhibiting SFRP1 only facilitates Wnt signalling through ligands that are already present, this ‘ligand-limited’ therapeutic strategy for promoting human hair growth may circumvent potential oncological risks associated with chronic Wnt over-activation. Hair loss is a common disorder and can lead to psychological distress. Cyclosporine A, a fungal metabolite commonly used as an immunosuppressant, can potently induce hair growth in humans. However, it cannot be effectively used to restore hair growth because of its toxic profile. In this study, we used Cyclosporine A as a lead compound to identify novel therapeutic targets that can aid the development of new hair growth–promoting agents. Through microarray analysis, we found that the level of the secreted Wnt inhibitor, SFRP1, was significantly reduced by Cyclosporine A. This inspired us to design a new pharmacological approach that uses WAY-316606, a reportedly well-tolerated and specific antagonist of SFRP1, to prolong the growth phase of the hair cycle. We show that WAY-316606 enhances human hair growth ex vivo, suggesting that it is a more targeted hair growth promoter with the potential to treat human hair loss disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan A. Hardman
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Iain S. Haslam
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xinhong Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Hawkshaw NJ, Haslam IS, Ansell DM, Shamalak A, Paus R. Re-Evaluating Cyclosporine A as a Hair Growth-Promoting Agent in Human Scalp Hair Follicles. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2129-2132. [PMID: 25826423 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Hawkshaw
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Iain S Haslam
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David M Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Department of Dermatology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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8
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Cyclin G2 promotes hypoxia-driven local invasion of glioblastoma by orchestrating cytoskeletal dynamics. Neoplasia 2014; 15:1272-81. [PMID: 24339739 DOI: 10.1593/neo.131440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microenvironmental conditions such as hypoxia potentiate the local invasion of malignant tumors including glioblastomas by modulating signal transduction and protein modification, yet the mechanism by which hypoxia controls cytoskeletal dynamics to promote the local invasion is not well defined. Here, we show that cyclin G2 plays pivotal roles in the cytoskeletal dynamics in hypoxia-driven invasion by glioblastoma cells. Cyclin G2 is a hypoxia-induced and cytoskeleton-associated protein and is required for glioblastoma expansion. Mechanistically, cyclin G2 recruits cortactin to the juxtamembrane through its SH3 domain-binding motif and consequently promotes the restricted tyrosine phosphorylation of cortactin in concert with src. Moreover, cyclin G2 interacts with filamentous actin to facilitate the formation of membrane ruffles. In primary glioblastoma, cyclin G2 is abundantly expressed in severely hypoxic regions such as pseudopalisades, which consist of actively migrating glioma cells. Furthermore, we show the effectiveness of dasatinib against hypoxia-driven, cyclin G2-involved invasion in vitro and in vivo. Our findings elucidate the mechanism of cytoskeletal regulation by which severe hypoxia promotes the local invasion and may provide a therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
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9
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Kłossowicz M, Marek-Bukowiec K, Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Ścirka B, Majkowski M, Sikorski AF, Aguado E, Miazek A. Identification of functional, short-lived isoform of linker for activation of T cells (LAT). Genes Immun 2014; 15:449-56. [PMID: 25008862 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Linker for activation of T cells (LAT) is a transmembrane adaptor protein playing a key role in the development, activation and maintenance of peripheral homeostasis of T cells. In this study we identified a functional isoform of LAT. It originates from an intron 6 retention event generating an in-frame splice variant of LAT mRNA denoted as LATi6. Comparison of LATi6 expression in peripheral blood leukocytes of human and several other mammalian species revealed that it varied from being virtually absent in the mouse to being predominant in the cow. Analysis of LAT isoform frequency expressed from minigene splicing reporters carrying loss- or gain-of-function point mutations within intronic polyguanine sequences showed that these elements are critical for controlling the intron 6 removal. The protein product of LATi6 isoform (LATi6) ectopically expressed in LAT-deficient JCam 2.5 cell line localized correctly to subcellular compartments and supported T-cell receptor signaling but differed from the canonical LAT protein by displaying a shorter half-life and mediating an increased interleukin-2 secretion upon prolonged CD3/CD28 crosslinking. Altogether, our data suggest that the appearance of LATi6 isoform is an evolutionary innovation that may contribute to a more efficient proofreading control of effector T-cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kłossowicz
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - K Marek-Bukowiec
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cadiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Cadiz, Spain
| | - B Ścirka
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - M Majkowski
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - A F Sikorski
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - E Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cadiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Cadiz, Spain
| | - A Miazek
- 1] Laboratory of Tumor Immunology, Department of Tumor Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland [2] Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Ookubo N, Michiue H, Kitamatsu M, Kamamura M, Nishiki TI, Ohmori I, Matsui H. The transdermal inhibition of melanogenesis by a cell-membrane-permeable peptide delivery system based on poly-arginine. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4508-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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RGS2 mediates the anxiolytic effect of oxytocin. Brain Res 2012; 1453:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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