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Patntirapong S, Khankhow J, Julamorn S. Long-term passage impacts human dental pulp stem cell activities and cell response to drug addition in vitro. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17913. [PMID: 39193517 PMCID: PMC11348901 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) possess mesenchymal stem cell characteristics and have potential for cell-based therapy. Cell expansion is essential to achieve sufficient cell numbers. However, continuous cell replication causes cell aging in vitro, which usually accompanies and potentially affect DPSC characteristics and activities. Continuous passaging could alter susceptibility to external factors such as drug treatment. Therefore, this study sought to investigate potential outcome of in vitro passaging on DPSC morphology and activities in the absence or presence of external factor. Methods Human DPSCs were subcultured until reaching early passages (P5), extended passages (P10), and late passages (P15). Cells were evaluated and compared for cell and nuclear morphologies, cell adhesion, proliferative capacity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expressions in the absence or presence of external factor. Alendronate (ALN) drug treatment was used as an external factor. Results Continuous passaging of DPSCs gradually lost their normal spindle shape and increased in cell and nuclear sizes. DPSCs were vulnerable to ALN. The size and shape were altered, leading to morphological abnormality and inhomogeneity. Long-term culture and ALN interfered with cell adhesion. DPSCs were able to proliferate irrespective of cell passages but the rate of cell proliferation in late passages was slower. ALN at moderate dose inhibited cell growth. ALN caused reduction of ALP activity in early passage. In contrast, extended passage responded differently to ALN by increasing ALP activity. Late passage showed higher collagen but lower osteocalcin gene expressions compared with early passage in the presence of ALN. Conclusion An increase in passage number played critical role in cell morphology and activities as well as responses to the addition of an external factor. The effects of cell passage should be considered when used in basic science research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somying Patntirapong
- Thammasat University Research Unit in Dental and Bone Substitute Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Sikarin Julamorn
- Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Bryniarska-Kubiak N, Basta-Kaim A, Kubiak A. Mechanobiology of Dental Pulp Cells. Cells 2024; 13:375. [PMID: 38474339 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The dental pulp is the inner part of the tooth responsible for properly functioning during its lifespan. Apart from the very big biological heterogeneity of dental cells, tooth microenvironments differ a lot in the context of mechanical properties-ranging from 5.5 kPa for dental pulp to around 100 GPa for dentin and enamel. This physical heterogeneity and complexity plays a key role in tooth physiology and in turn, is a great target for a variety of therapeutic approaches. First of all, physical mechanisms are crucial for the pain propagation process from the tooth surface to the nerves inside the dental pulp. On the other hand, the modulation of the physical environment affects the functioning of dental pulp cells and thus is important for regenerative medicine. In the present review, we describe the physiological significance of biomechanical processes in the physiology and pathology of dental pulp. Moreover, we couple those phenomena with recent advances in the fields of bioengineering and pharmacology aiming to control the functioning of dental pulp cells, reduce pain, and enhance the differentiation of dental cells into desired lineages. The reviewed literature shows great progress in the topic of bioengineering of dental pulp-although mainly in vitro. Apart from a few positions, it leaves a gap for necessary filling with studies providing the mechanisms of the mechanical control of dental pulp functioning in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bryniarska-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St., 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kubiak
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Badodekar N, Mishra S, Telang G, Chougule S, Bennur D, Thakur M, Vyas N. Angiogenic Potential and Its Modifying Interventions in Dental Pulp Stem Cells: a Systematic Review. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00270-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Buchaim DV, Andreo JC, Pomini KT, Barraviera B, Ferreira Júnior RS, Duarte MAH, Alcalde MP, Reis CHB, Teixeira DDB, Bueno CRDS, Detregiachi CRP, Araujo AC, Buchaim RL. A biocomplex to repair experimental critical size defects associated with photobiomodulation therapy. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20210056. [PMID: 35261617 PMCID: PMC8863337 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2021-0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- University of Marilia, Brazil; University Center of Adamantina, Brazil; São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | | | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- São Paulo State University, Brazil; São Paulo State University, Brazil; São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Júnior
- São Paulo State University, Brazil; São Paulo State University, Brazil; São Paulo State University, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- São Paulo State University, Brazil; University of São Paulo, Brazil; University of São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Contaldo M, De Rosa A, Nucci L, Ballini A, Malacrinò D, La Noce M, Inchingolo F, Xhajanka E, Ferati K, Bexheti-Ferati A, Feola A, Di Domenico M. Titanium Functionalized with Polylysine Homopolymers: In Vitro Enhancement of Cells Growth. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133735. [PMID: 34279306 PMCID: PMC8269806 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In oral implantology, the success and persistence of dental implants over time are guaranteed by the bone formation around the implant fixture and by the integrity of the peri-implant mucosa seal, which adheres to the abutment and becomes a barrier that hinders bacterial penetration and colonization close to the outer parts of the implant. Research is constantly engaged in looking for substances to coat the titanium surface that guarantees the formation and persistence of the peri-implant bone, as well as the integrity of the mucous perimeter surrounding the implant crown. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of a titanium surface coated with polylysine homopolymers on the cell growth of dental pulp stem cells and keratinocytes to establish the potential clinical application. The results reported an increase in cell growth for both cellular types cultured with polylysine-coated titanium compared to cultures without titanium and those without coating. These preliminary data suggest the usefulness of polylysine coating not only for enhancing osteoinduction but also to speed the post-surgery mucosal healings, guarantee appropriate peri-implant epithelial seals, and protect the fixture against bacterial penetration, which is responsible for compromising the implant survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Contaldo
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.R.); (L.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (M.D.D.); Tel.: +39-32-0487-6058 (M.C.)
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Ludovica Nucci
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.D.R.); (L.N.)
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, Campus Universitario Ernesto Quagliariello, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Malacrinò
- Department of Research, Development and Quality Assessment, AISER SA, Rue du Rhone, 14 VH-1204 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Medicine Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Edit Xhajanka
- Department of Dental Prosthesis, Medical University of Tirana, Rruga e Dibrës, U.M.T., 1001 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Kenan Ferati
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tetovo, 1220 Tetovo, North Macedonia; (K.F.); (A.B.-F.)
| | | | - Antonia Feola
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marina Di Domenico
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (M.D.D.); Tel.: +39-32-0487-6058 (M.C.)
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Mahanani ES, Ulzanah FA. Efficacy of Incorporation Platelet Rich Plasma into Gelatine Hydrogel Scaffold between Impregnated and Drop Method. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20214105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue Engineering which involve three main component such as scaffold, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and cells is expected to support in bone regeneration. Gelatin hidrogel scaffold is planted have a function as cell environment and PRP provide growth factor to support differentiation of cells. The success of tissue engineering is affected by number of PRP which is contained in scaffold. The purpose of this study is to compare the incorporation process between impregnated and drop method to gelatin hidrogel scaffold. PRP was prepared from three donors of whole blood, and twice sentrifugation by 450 rcf for 5 minutes and 1500 rcf for 7 minutes. PRP was incorporated into 3 gelatin hidrogel scaffolds for each methods. The remnant of PRP which didn’t incorporate were calculated the number of platelet with giemsa stainning. Platelet which loaded were the reduction result of number platelet before incorporate with platelet remnant. Data of the result were analyzed using independent sample t test. Result show the significant was 0.262 (p>0.05) there’s no significane different between impregnated and drop method for incorporating PRP into gelatin hidrogel scaffold. The number of platelet which incorporated in gelatin hidrogel scaffold were effected by characteristic of scaffold such as structure, interface adherence, porosity and swelling ability. The good characteristic of scaffold could be obtain from synthesis and good fabrication technique.
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Ni SL, Zhang J, Liu X, Li XW, Sun YJ, Zhang X, Wang L, Lu JJ, Cui Y, Zheng CY, Han B, Sun HC. Effects of human bone morphogenetic protein 2 ( hBMP2) on tertiary dentin formation. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:2868-2876. [PMID: 30323873 PMCID: PMC6176225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Formation of tertiary dentin to maintain pulp vitality is a major odontoblastic response to dental pulp injury. Human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (hBMP2) can promote proliferation and differentiation of odontoblasts. Current study is interested in evaluating if the hBMP2 can promote the regeneration of tertiary dentin and cure dental pulp injury using the adenoviral vector to deliver hBMP2 cDNA into the pulp. Primary culture of dental pulp cells of exfoliated deciduous teeth (hDPCs) was established. Human serotype 5 adenoviral vector, AdCMV-hBMP2, was created. AdCMV-hBMP2 was used to transduce hDPCs in vitro and dental pulp cells in animal model in vivo. Data clearly demonstrated that hBMP2 increased ALP and mineralization. Reverse transcription-real time quantitative PCR (RT-QPCR) data showed that hBMP2 dramatically increased gene expressions of Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), ALP, Col Iα (Collagen 1a1), SP7 (Osterix), DMP1 (dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1), DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein), and BSP (bonesialoprotein), which are normally involved in osteogenesis/odontogenesis. Data from in vivo assays demonstrated that hBMP2 promoted pulp cell proliferation and increased formation of tertiary dentin in dental pulp. Our in vitro and in vivo data suggest that hBMP2 gene can efficiently be delivered into the dental pulp cells by adenovirus, and show potential clinical application for the treatment of dental pulp damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lei Ni
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone RemodelingChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao 266011, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone RemodelingChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Wei Li
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone RemodelingChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone RemodelingChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone RemodelingChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Lu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone RemodelingChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cui
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone RemodelingChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of HealthMD 20892, USA
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Chen Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology for Stomatology NanoengineeringChangchun 130021, Jilin, P. R. China
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Stem Cells in Dentistry: Types of Intra- and Extraoral Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Clinical Applications. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4313610. [PMID: 30057624 PMCID: PMC6051054 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4313610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells, capable of renewing themselves, with the capacity to produce different cell types to regenerate missing tissues and treat diseases. Oral facial tissues have been identified as a source and therapeutic target for stem cells with clinical interest in dentistry. This narrative review report targets on the several extraoral- and intraoral-derived stem cells that can be applied in dentistry. In addition, stem cell origins are suggested in what concerns their ability to differentiate as well as their particular distinguishing quality of convenience and immunomodulatory for regenerative dentistry. The development of bioengineered teeth to replace the patient's missing teeth was also possible because of stem cell technologies. This review will also focus our attention on the clinical application of stem cells in dentistry. In recent years, a variety of articles reported the advantages of stem cell-based procedures in regenerative treatments. The regeneration of lost oral tissue is the target of stem cell research. Owing to the fact that bone imperfections that ensue after tooth loss can result in further bone loss which limit the success of dental implants and prosthodontic therapies, the rehabilitation of alveolar ridge height is prosthodontists' principal interest. The development of bioengineered teeth to replace the patient's missing teeth was also possible because of stem cell technologies. In addition, a “dental stem cell banking” is available for regenerative treatments in the future. The main features of stem cells in the future of dentistry should be understood by clinicians.
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Enezei HH, Ahmad A, Takeuchi K, Suzuki J, Khamis MF, Razak NHA, Rahman RA, Qabbani AA, Abdulhameed EA, Sugita Y, Maeda H, Alam MK. Osteoinductive Activity of Bone Scaffold Bioceramic Companied with Control Release of VEGF Protein Treated Dental stem cells as A New Concept for Bone Regeneration: Part II. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Hammad Enezei
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Anbar
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus
| | - Azlina Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus
| | - Kazuo Takeuchi
- Department of Gerodontology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Junji Suzuki
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Mohd Fadhli Khamis
- Department of Oral Biology and Forensic Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayati Abdul Razak
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus
| | - Roselinda Abd Rahman
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus
| | - Ali Al Qabbani
- Department of Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah
| | | | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
| | - Hatsuhiko Maeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Gandolfi MG, Zamparini F, Degli Esposti M, Chiellini F, Aparicio C, Fava F, Fabbri P, Taddei P, Prati C. Polylactic acid-based porous scaffolds doped with calcium silicate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate designed for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 82:163-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Transplantation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Experimental Bone Defect. JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbbe.34.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This is preliminary study in order to investigate the effect of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) on bone regeneration in an animal model. New Zealand rabbits were used as animal model. The critical defect was created in femoral bone and transplantation of DPSCs applied into bone defect. A colorimetric assay was used to detect ALP level in rabbit’s serum. Bone tissue regeneration was evaluated by histological analysis. In the 2nd week, the treated rabbit show increasing in the activity of ALP (157,925 μU) compared to control rabbit (155,361 μU). This increasing trend continues significantly in DPSCs rabbit (169.750 μU) compared to control rabbit (160.406) after 4 weeks. Histological evaluation revealed that the amount of bone lamellae and osteocytes were filled the defect area of DPSCs treated rabbit. Conclusions: Transplantation of DPSCs accelerating bone regeneration by raising ALP level and forming new bone tissue.
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13
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Narayanan G, Bhattacharjee M, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Musculoskeletal Tissue Regeneration: the Role of the Stem Cells. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-017-0036-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Rapid Prototyped Three-Dimensional Hydroxyapatite/Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold. J Craniofac Surg 2017; 27:727-32. [PMID: 27092915 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000002567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, we assess a rapid prototyped scaffold composed of 30/70 hydroxyapatite (HA) and beta-tricalcium-phosphate (β-TCP) loaded with human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) to determine cell proliferation, differentiation toward osteogenic lineage, adhesion and penetration on/into the scaffold.In this in vitro study, hASCs isolated from fat tissue discarded after plastic surgery were expanded, characterized, and then loaded onto the scaffold. Cells were tested for: viability assay (Alamar Blue at days 3, 7 and Live/Dead at day 32), differentiation index (alkaline phosphatase activity at day 14), scaffold adhesion (standard error of the mean analysis at days 5 and 18), and penetration (ground sections at day 32).All the hASC populations displayed stemness markers and the ability to differentiate toward adipogenic and osteogenic lineages.Cellular vitality increased between 3 and 7 days, and no inhibitory effect by HA/β-TCP was observed. Under osteogenic stimuli, scaffold increased alkaline phosphatase activity of +243% compared with undifferentiated samples. Human adipose-derived stem cells adhered on HA/β-TCP surface through citoplasmatic extensions that occupied the macropores and built networks among them. Human adipose derived stem cells were observed in the core of HA/β-TCP. The current combination of hASCs and HA/β-TCP scaffold provided encouraging results. If authors' data will be confirmed in preclinical models, the present engineering approach could represent an interesting tool in treating large bone defects.
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Wongsupa N, Nuntanaranont T, Kamolmattayakul S, Thuaksuban N. Assessment of bone regeneration of a tissue-engineered bone complex using human dental pulp stem cells/poly(ε-caprolactone)-biphasic calcium phosphate scaffold constructs in rabbit calvarial defects. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:77. [PMID: 28386853 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of a fabricated combination of poly-ɛ-caprolactone (PCL)-biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with the modified melt stretching and multilayer deposition (mMSMD) technique on human dental pulp stem cell (hDPSC) differentiation to be osteogenic like cells for bone regeneration of calvarial defects in rabbit models. hDPSCs extracted from human third molars were seeded onto mMSMD PCL-BCP scaffolds and the osteogenic gene expression was tested prior to implantation in vivo. Two standardized 11 mm in diameter circular calvarial defects were created in 18 adult male New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups: (1) hDPSCs seeded in mMSMD PCL-BCP scaffolds; (2) mMSMD PCL-BCP scaffolds alone, (3) empty defects and (4) autogenous bone (n = 3 site/time point/groups). After two, four and eight weeks after the operation, the specimens were harvested for micro-CT including histological and histomorphometric analysis. The explicit results presented an interesting view of the bioengineered constructs of hDPSCs in PCL-BCP scaffolds that increased the newly formed bone compared to the empty defect and scaffold alone groups. The results demonstrated that hDPSCs combined with mMSMD PCL-BCP scaffolds may be an augmentation material for bony defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natkrita Wongsupa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Thongchai Nuntanaranont
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
| | - Suttatip Kamolmattayakul
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Nuttawut Thuaksuban
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
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Yang B, Qiu Y, Zhou N, Ouyang H, Ding J, Cheng B, Sun J. Application of Stem Cells in Oral Disease Therapy: Progresses and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2017; 8:197. [PMID: 28421002 PMCID: PMC5376595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated and pluripotent cells that can differentiate into specialized cells with a more specific function. Stem cell therapies become preferred methods for the treatment of multiple diseases. Oral and maxillofacial defect is one kind of the diseases that could be most possibly cured by stem cell therapies. Here we discussed oral diseases, oral adult stem cells, iPS cells, and the progresses/challenges/perspectives of application of stem cells for oral disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yi Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Niu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Junjun Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianbo Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
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Paduano F, Marrelli M, Alom N, Amer M, White LJ, Shakesheff KM, Tatullo M. Decellularized bone extracellular matrix and human dental pulp stem cells as a construct for bone regeneration. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2017; 28:730-748. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2017.1301770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noura Alom
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mahetab Amer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lisa J. White
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Marco Tatullo
- Tecnologica Research Institute, Biomedical Section, Crotone, Italy
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18
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Wongsupa N, Nuntanaranont T, Kamolmattayakul S, Thuaksuban N. Biological characteristic effects of human dental pulp stem cells on poly-ε-caprolactone-biphasic calcium phosphate fabricated scaffolds using modified melt stretching and multilayer deposition. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:25. [PMID: 28070691 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-016-5833-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial bone defects such as alveolar cleft affect the esthetics and functions that need bone reconstruction. The advanced techniques of biomaterials combined with stem cells have been a challenging role for maxillofacial surgeons and scientists. PCL-coated biphasic calcium phosphate (PCL-BCP) scaffolds were created with the modified melt stretching and multilayer deposition (mMSMD) technique and merged with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) to fulfill the component of tissue engineering for bone substitution. In the present study, the objective was to test the biocompatibility and biofunctionalities that included cell proliferation, cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, alizarin red staining for mineralization, and histological analysis. The results showed that mMSMD PCL-BCP scaffolds were suitable for hDPSCs viability since the cells attached and spread onto the scaffold. Furthermore, the constructs of induced hDPSCs and scaffolds performed ALP activity and produced osteocalcin and mineralized nodules. The results indicated that mMSMD PCL-BCP scaffolds with hDPSCs showed promise in bone regeneration for treatment of osseous defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natkrita Wongsupa
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Thongchai Nuntanaranont
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Suttatip Kamolmattayakul
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Nuttawut Thuaksuban
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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Mele L, Vitiello PP, Tirino V, Paino F, De Rosa A, Liccardo D, Papaccio G, Desiderio V. Changing Paradigms in Cranio-Facial Regeneration: Current and New Strategies for the Activation of Endogenous Stem Cells. Front Physiol 2016; 7:62. [PMID: 26941656 PMCID: PMC4764712 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial area represent a unique district of human body characterized by a very high complexity of tissues, innervation and vascularization, and being deputed to many fundamental function such as eating, speech, expression of emotions, delivery of sensations such as taste, sight, and earing. For this reasons, tissue loss in this area following trauma or for example oncologic resection, have a tremendous impact on patients' quality of life. In the last 20 years regenerative medicine has emerged as one of the most promising approach to solve problem related to trauma, tissue loss, organ failure etc. One of the most powerful tools to be used for tissue regeneration is represented by stem cells, which have been successfully implanted in different tissue/organs with exciting results. Nevertheless, both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation raise many practical and ethical concerns that make this approach very difficult to apply in clinical practice. For this reason different cell free approaches have been developed aiming to the mobilization, recruitment, and activation of endogenous stem cells into the injury site avoiding exogenous cells implant but instead stimulating patients' own stem cells to repair the lesion. To this aim many strategies have been used including functionalized bioscaffold, controlled release of stem cell chemoattractants, growth factors, BMPs, Platelet-Rich-Plasma, and other new strategies such as ultrasound wave and laser are just being proposed. Here we review all the current and new strategies used for activation and mobilization of endogenous stem cells in the regeneration of craniofacial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Mele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Vitiello
- Medical Oncology, Dipartimento Medico-Chirurgico di Internistica Clinica e Sperimentale "F. Magrassi e A. Lanzara," Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Department of Odontology and Surgery, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Liccardo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Desiderio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Medical Histology and Embryology, Second University of Naples Naples, Italy
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20
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Iaculli F, Di Filippo ES, Piattelli A, Mancinelli R, Fulle S. Dental pulp stem cells grown on dental implant titanium surfaces: An in vitro evaluation of differentiation and microRNAs expression. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2016; 105:953-965. [PMID: 26856387 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The surface roughness of dental implants influences the proliferation and differentiation rate of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether specifically treated titanium implant surfaces influenced human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) differentiation in an osteogenic pattern through modulation of microRNAs expression. The degree of differentiation was evaluated after 7, 14, and 21 days, through the expression of microRNAs characterizing the osteogenesis (miR-133 and miR-135), of Runx2 and Smad5 (key factor transcriptions associated with osteoblast differentiation) and Osteocalcin, marker for the bone formation process. DPSCs were cultured on sandblasted and acid-etched titanium disks, with (Test) or without the presence of ions (Control). Early differentiation of DPSCs cultured on titanium could be detected at all the evaluated time points, respect to cells grown alone. Moreover, the Test surfaces seemed to induce a more marked cells differentiation. The obtained results demonstrated that microRNAs played a pivotal role in the differentiation of MSCs and could be used as marker of osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, the evaluated ionized sandblasted and acid-etched surface seemed to markedly enhance the development of osteoblast cells. A faster osseointegration could be achieved in the presence of specifically treated implant surfaces, promising encouraging clinical outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 953-965, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Iaculli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Ester Sara Di Filippo
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Mancinelli
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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21
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Ramchandani D, Weber GF. Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for skeletal disorders. Bone 2015; 81:7-15. [PMID: 26123594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are characterized by a convergence in function for maintaining the homeostasis of the skeletal and renal systems (the bone-renal-vascular axis regulates bone metabolism). The two cytokines contribute to bone remodeling, dental healing, kidney function, and the adjustment to microgravity. Often, they are co-expressed or one molecule induces the other, however, in some settings OPN-associated pathways and VEGF-associated pathways are distinct. In bone remodeling, OPN and VEGF are regulated under the influence of growth factors and hormones, hypoxia and inflammation, the micro-environment, and various physical forces. Their abundance can be affected by drug treatment. OPN and VEGF are variably associated with kidney disease. Their balanced levels are critical for restoring endothelial cell function and ameliorating the adverse effects of microgravity. Here, we review the relevant 83 papers of 257 articles published, and listed in PubMed under the key words OPN and VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, USA.
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22
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Ashri NY, Ajlan SA, Aldahmash AM. Dental pulp stem cells. Biology and use for periodontal tissue engineering. Saudi Med J 2015; 36:1391-9. [PMID: 26620980 PMCID: PMC4707394 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.12.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periodontal disease is a major cause of loss of tooth-supporting structures. Novel approaches for regeneration of periodontal apparatus is an area of intensive research. Periodontal tissue engineering implies the use of appropriate regenerative cells, delivered through a suitable scaffold, and guided through signaling molecules. Dental pulp stem cells have been used in an increasing number of studies in dental tissue engineering. Those cells show mesenchymal (stromal) stem cell-like properties including self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials, aside from their relative accessibility and pleasant handling properties. The purpose of this article is to review the biological principles of periodontal tissue engineering, along with the challenges facing the development of a consistent and clinically relevant tissue regeneration platform. This article includes an updated review on dental pulp stem cells and their applications in periodontal regeneration, in combination with different scaffolds and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Y Ashri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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23
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Zhang J, Liu X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Shi C, Ni S, Liu Q, Li X, Sun Y, Zheng C, Sun H. Effects of human vascular endothelial growth factor on reparative dentin formation. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:705-12. [PMID: 26647730 PMCID: PMC4686068 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenge for dentists to save dental pulp in patients with pulp disease without resorting to root canal therapy. Formation of tertiary dentin to maintain pulp vitality is a key odontoblast response to dental pulp injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent angiogenic and vasculogenic factor involved in tertiary dentin formation. It was hypothesized that VEGF may be used to treat pulp diseases such as pulpitis. To explore this hypothesis, the first step was to assess whether VEGF affects dental pulp cells to promote reparative dentin formation. In the current study, an AdCMV-hVEGF vector was constructed to deliver hVEGF into dental pulp cells of exfoliated deciduous teeth (hDPCs) in vitro and dental pulp cells in a rat model in vivo. The collected data clearly demonstrated that hVEGF increased alkaline phosphatase and mineralization by enzymatic activity. RT-qPCR data demonstrated that hVEGF significantly increased the expression levels of genes commonly involved in osteogenesis/odontogenesis. Data from the in vivo assays indicated that hVEGF enhanced pulp cell proliferation and neovascularization, and markedly increased formation of reparative dentin in dental pulp. The in vitro and in vivo data suggest that hVEGF may have potential clinical applications, thus may aid in the development of novel treatment strategies for dental pulpitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Weixian Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yingli Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Ce Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Shilei Ni
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qilin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xiangwei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yingjian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Changyu Zheng
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hongchen Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Jilin Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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A first approach to evaluate the cell dose in highly porous scaffolds by using a nondestructive metabolic method. Future Sci OA 2015; 1:FSO58. [PMID: 28031911 PMCID: PMC5137907 DOI: 10.4155/fso.15.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In cell-based therapies, in vitro studies on biomimetic cell–scaffold constructs can facilitate the determination of the cell dose, a key factor in guaranteeing the effectiveness of the treatment. However, highly porous scaffolds do not allow a nondestructive evaluation of the cell number. Our objective was to develop a nondestructive method for human mesenchymal stem cells dose evaluation in a highly porous scaffold for bone regeneration. Materials & measurement method: Proliferation trend of human mesenchymal stem cells on Biocoral® scaffolds was measured by a resazurin-based assay here optimized for 3D cultures. The method allows to noninvasively follow the cell proliferation on biocorals over 3 weeks with very high reproducibility. Conclusion: This reliable method could be a powerful tool in cell-based therapies for cell dose determination. Stem cells regenerate damaged tissues when transplanted into the patient within matrices mimicking the tissues architecture and mechanical properties. Cell number needs to be appropriate to allow the cell survival in the new environment and to stimulate the cell differentiation into the new tissue. In vitro experiments give important hints to determine the appropriate number to transplant in the patient: in this study cells are grown on highly porous matrices for bone regeneration and their number is monitored over time by a method which does not perturb the system and which was here optimized and evaluated as highly reliable.
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25
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Aurrekoetxea M, Garcia-Gallastegui P, Irastorza I, Luzuriaga J, Uribe-Etxebarria V, Unda F, Ibarretxe G. Dental pulp stem cells as a multifaceted tool for bioengineering and the regeneration of craniomaxillofacial tissues. Front Physiol 2015; 6:289. [PMID: 26528190 PMCID: PMC4607862 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells, or DPSC, are neural crest-derived cells with an outstanding capacity to differentiate along multiple cell lineages of interest for cell therapy. In particular, highly efficient osteo/dentinogenic differentiation of DPSC can be achieved using simple in vitro protocols, making these cells a very attractive and promising tool for the future treatment of dental and periodontal diseases. Among craniomaxillofacial organs, the tooth and salivary gland are two such cases in which complete regeneration by tissue engineering using DPSC appears to be possible, as research over the last decade has made substantial progress in experimental models of partial or total regeneration of both organs, by cell recombination technology. Moreover, DPSC seem to be a particularly good choice for the regeneration of nerve tissues, including injured or transected cranial nerves. In this context, the oral cavity appears to be an excellent testing ground for new regenerative therapies using DPSC. However, many issues and challenges need yet to be addressed before these cells can be employed in clinical therapy. In this review, we point out some important aspects on the biology of DPSC with regard to their use for the reconstruction of different craniomaxillofacial tissues and organs, with special emphasis on cranial bones, nerves, teeth, and salivary glands. We suggest new ideas and strategies to fully exploit the capacities of DPSC for bioengineering of the aforementioned tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Aurrekoetxea
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Patricia Garcia-Gallastegui
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Igor Irastorza
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Jon Luzuriaga
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Verónica Uribe-Etxebarria
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Fernando Unda
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
| | - Gaskon Ibarretxe
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country Leioa, Spain
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26
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Di Benedetto A, Brunetti G, Posa F, Ballini A, Grassi FR, Colaianni G, Colucci S, Rossi E, Cavalcanti-Adam EA, Lo Muzio L, Grano M, Mori G. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells from dental bud: Role of integrins and cadherins. Stem Cell Res 2015; 15:618-628. [PMID: 26513557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair and regeneration. New sources of stem cells in adult organisms are continuously emerging; dental tissues have been identified as a source of postnatal MSCs. Dental bud is the immature precursor of the tooth, is easy to access and we show in this study that it can yield a high number of cells with ≥95% expression of mesenchymal stemness makers and osteogenic capacity. Thus, these cells can be defined as Dental Bud Stem Cells (DBSCs) representing a promising source for bone regeneration of stomatognathic as well as other systems. Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and neighboring cells are critical for tissue morphogenesis and architecture; such interactions are mediated by integrins and cadherins respectively. We characterized DBSCs for the expression of these adhesion receptors and examined their pattern during osteogenic differentiation. Our data indicate that N-cadherin and cadherin-11 were expressed in undifferentiated DBSCs and their expression underwent changes during the osteogenic process (decreasing and increasing respectively), while expression of E-cadherin and P-cadherin was very low in DBSCs and did not change during the differentiation steps. Such expression pattern reflected the mesenchymal origin of DBSCs and confirmed their osteoblast-like features. On the other hand, osteogenic stimulation induced the upregulation of single subunits, αV, β3, α5, and the formation of integrin receptors α5β1 and αVβ3. DBSCs differentiation toward osteoblastic lineage was enhanced when cells were grown on fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VTN), and osteopontin (OPN), ECM glycoproteins which contain an integrin-binding sequence, the RGD motif. In addition we established that integrin αVβ3 plays a crucial role during the commitment of MSCs to osteoblast lineage, whereas integrin α5β1 seems to be dispensable. These data suggest that functionalization of biomaterials with such ECM proteins would improve bone reconstruction therapies starting from dental stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Di Benedetto
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy.
| | - Giacomina Brunetti
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Posa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Roberto Grassi
- Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Colucci
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Enzo Rossi
- Private Practice, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Poggio a Caiano, Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta A Cavalcanti-Adam
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Department of Biophysical Chemistry
- University of Heidelberg AND Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Grano
- Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic and Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Foggia, Italy
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Mangano FG, Colombo M, Veronesi G, Caprioglio A, Mangano C. Mesenchymal stem cells in maxillary sinus augmentation: A systematic review with meta-analysis. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:976-991. [PMID: 26240683 PMCID: PMC4515439 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i6.976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA), with various scaffold materials.
METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE and SCOPUS were searched using keywords such as sinus graft, MSA, maxillary sinus lift, sinus floor elevation, MSC and cell-based, in different combinations. The searches included full text articles written in English, published over a 10-year period (2004-2014). Inclusion criteria were clinical/radiographic and histologic/ histomorphometric studies in humans and animals, on the use of MSCs in MSA. Meta-analysis was performed only for experimental studies (randomized controlled trials and controlled trials) involving MSA, with an outcome measurement of histologic evaluation with histomorphometric analysis reported. Mean and standard deviation values of newly formed bone from each study were used, and weighted mean values were assessed to account for the difference in the number of subjects among the different studies. To compare the results between the test and the control groups, the differences of regenerated bone in mean and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies (18 animal studies and 21 human studies) published over a 10-year period (between 2004 and 2014) were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the present literature review. These studies demonstrated considerable variation with respect to study type, study design, follow-up, and results. Meta-analysis was performed on 9 studies (7 animal studies and 2 human studies). The weighted mean difference estimate from a random-effect model was 9.5% (95%CI: 3.6%-15.4%), suggesting a positive effect of stem cells on bone regeneration. Heterogeneity was measured by the I2 index. The formal test confirmed the presence of substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 83%, P < 0.0001). In attempt to explain the substantial heterogeneity observed, we considered a meta-regression model with publication year, support type (animal vs humans) and follow-up length (8 or 12 wk) as covariates. After adding publication year, support type and follow-up length to the meta-regression model, heterogeneity was no longer significant (I2 = 33%, P = 0.25).
CONCLUSION: Several studies have demonstrated the potential for cell-based approaches in MSA; further clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.
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Baumgartner W, Welti M, Hild N, Hess SC, Stark WJ, Bürgisser GM, Giovanoli P, Buschmann J. Tissue mechanics of piled critical size biomimetic and biominerizable nanocomposites: Formation of bioreactor-induced stem cell gradients under perfusion and compression. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 47:124-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Osteogenic Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Systematic Review Using Modified ARRIVE and CONSORT Guidelines. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:378368. [PMID: 26106427 PMCID: PMC4464683 DOI: 10.1155/2015/378368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective. Dental stem cell-based tissue engineered constructs are emerging as a promising alternative to autologous bone transfer for treating bone defects. The purpose of this review is to systematically assess the preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies which have evaluated the efficacy of dental stem cells on bone regeneration. Methods. A literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to October 2014. Implantation of dental stem cells in animal models for evaluating bone regeneration and/or in vitro studies demonstrating osteogenic potential of dental stem cells were included. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to ensure the quality of the search. Modified ARRIVE (Animal research: reporting in invivo experiments) and CONSORT (Consolidated reporting of trials) were used to critically analyze the selected studies. Results. From 1914 citations, 207 full-text articles were screened and 137 studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity observed in the studies selected, meta-analysis was not possible. Conclusion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate the potential use of dental stem cells in bone regeneration. However well-designed randomized animal trials are needed before moving into clinical trials.
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Santana BP, Nedel F, Perelló Ferrúa C, Marques e Silva R, da Silva AF, Demarco FF, Lenin Villarreal Carreño N. Comparing different methods to fix and to dehydrate cells on alginate hydrogel scaffolds using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:553-61. [PMID: 25871651 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is commonly used in the analysis of scaffolds morphology, as well as cell attachment, morphology and spreading on to the scaffolds. However, so far a specific methodology to prepare the alginate hydrogel (AH) scaffolds for SEM analysis has not been evaluated. This study compared different methods to fix/dehydrate cells in AH scaffolds for SEM analysis. AH scaffolds were prepared and seeded with NIH/3T3 cell line; fixed with glutaraldehyde, osmium tetroxide, or the freeze drying method and analyzed by SEM. Results demonstrated that the freeze dried method interferes less with cell morphology and density, and preserves the scaffolds structure. The fixation with glutaraldehyde did not affect cells morphology and density; however, the scaffolds morphology was affected in some level. The fixation with osmium tetroxide interfered in the natural structure of cells and scaffold. In conclusion the freeze drying and glutaraldehyde are suitable methods for cell fixation in AH scaffold for SEM, although scaffolds structure seems to be affected by glutaraldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Palma Santana
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nedel
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Perelló Ferrúa
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Fernandes da Silva
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio Fernando Demarco
- Nucleus of Cellular and Tecidual Biology (NCTBio), Post-Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Ramchandani D, Weber GF. Interactions between osteopontin and vascular endothelial growth factor: Implications for cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1855:202-22. [PMID: 25732057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For this comprehensive review, 257 publications with the keywords "osteopontin" or "OPN" and "vascular endothelial growth factor" or "VEGF" in PubMed were screened (time frame from year 1996 to year 2014). 37 articles were excluded because they were not focused on the interactions between these molecules, and papers relevant for transformation-related phenomena were selected. Osteopontin (OPN) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are characterized by a convergence in function for regulating cell motility and angiogenesis, the response to hypoxia, and apoptosis. Often, they are co-expressed or one molecule induces the other, however, in some settings OPN-associated pathways and VEGF-associated pathways are distinct. Their relationships affect the pathogenesis in cancer, where they contribute to progression and angiogenesis and serve as markers for poor prognosis. The inhibition of OPN may reduce VEGF levels and suppress tumor progression. In vascular pathologies, these two cytokines mediate remodeling, but may also perpetuate inflammation and narrowing of the arteries. OPN and VEGF are elevated and contribute to vascularization in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georg F Weber
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, USA.
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Naddeo P, Laino L, La Noce M, Piattelli A, De Rosa A, Iezzi G, Laino G, Paino F, Papaccio G, Tirino V. Surface biocompatibility of differently textured titanium implants with mesenchymal stem cells. Dent Mater 2015; 31:235-43. [PMID: 25582059 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The major challenge for contemporary dentistry is restoration of missing teeth; currently, dental implantation is the treatment of choice in this circumstance. In the present study, we assessed the interaction between implants and Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) in vitro by means of 3D cell culture in order to better simulate physiological conditions. METHODS Sorted CD34+ DPSCs were seeded onto dental implants having either a rough surface (TriVent) or one coated with a ceramic layer mimicking native bone (TiUnite). We evaluated preservation of DPSC viability during osteogenic differentiation by an MTT assay and compared mineralized matrix deposition with SEM analysis and histological staining; temporal expression of osteogenic markers was evaluated by RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Both surfaces are equally biocompatible, preserve DPSC viability, stimulate osteogenic differentiation, and increase the production of VEGF. A slight difference was observed between the two surfaces concerning the speed of DPSC differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Our study of the two implant surfaces suggests that TriVent, with its roughness, is capable of promoting cell differentiation a bit earlier than the TiUnite surface, although the latter promotes greater cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Naddeo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcella La Noce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Dipartimento di Odontostomatologia e Discipline Chirurgiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Orali e Biotecnologiche, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gregorio Laino
- Dipartimento di Odontostomatologia e Discipline Chirurgiche, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie ed Istologia Medica, Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
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La Noce M, Paino F, Spina A, Naddeo P, Montella R, Desiderio V, De Rosa A, Papaccio G, Tirino V, Laino L. Dental pulp stem cells: state of the art and suggestions for a true translation of research into therapy. J Dent 2014; 42:761-8. [PMID: 24589847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stem cells have the ability to rescue and/or repair injured tissue. In humans, it is possible to isolate different types of stem cells from the body. Among these, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are relatively easily obtainable and exhibit high plasticity and multipotential capabilities. In particular they represent a gold standard for neural-crest-derived bone reconstruction in humans and can be used for the repair of body defects in low-risk autologous therapeutic strategies. SOURCES An electronic search was conducted on PubMed databases and supplemented with a manual study of relevant references. RESULTS All research described in this review highlight that DPSCs are mesenchymal stem cells that could be used in clinical applications. Unfortunately, very few clinical trials have been reported. Major obstacles imposed on researchers are hindering the translation of potentially effective therapies to the clinic. Both researchers and regulatory institutions need to develop a new approach to this problem, drawing up a new policy for good manufacturing practice (GMP) procedures. We strongly suggest that only general rules be standardized rather than everything. Importantly, this would not have an effect on the safety of patients, but may very well affect the results, which cannot be identical for all patients, due to physiological diversity in the biology of each patient. Alternatively, it would be important to study the role of specific molecules that recruit endogenous stem cells for tissue regeneration. In this way, the clinical use of stem cells could be successfully developed. CONCLUSIONS DPSCs are mesenchymal stem cells that differentiate into different tissues, maintain their characteristics after cryopreservation, differentiate into bone-like tissues when loaded on scaffolds in animal models, and regenerate bone in human grafts. In summary, all data reported up to now should encourage the development of clinical procedures using DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella La Noce
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Paino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Spina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Naddeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Montella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | | | - Alfredo De Rosa
- Department of Odontology and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Second University of Naples, Italy.
| | - Luigi Laino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Italy
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Chatakun P, Núñez-Toldrà R, Díaz López EJ, Gil-Recio C, Martínez-Sarrà E, Hernández-Alfaro F, Ferrés-Padró E, Giner-Tarrida L, Atari M. The effect of five proteins on stem cells used for osteoblast differentiation and proliferation: a current review of the literature. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:113-42. [PMID: 23568025 PMCID: PMC11113514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bone-tissue engineering is a therapeutic target in the field of dental implant and orthopedic surgery. It is therefore essential to find a microenvironment that enhances the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts both from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and those derived from dental pulp. The aim of this review is to determine the relationship among the proteins fibronectin (FN), osteopontin (OPN), tenascin (TN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP2) and their ability to coat different types of biomaterials and surfaces to enhance osteoblast differentiation. Pre-treatment of biomaterials with FN during the initial phase of osteogenic differentiation on all types of surfaces, including slotted titanium and polymers, provides an ideal microenvironment that enhances adhesion, morphology, and proliferation of pluripotent and multipotent cells. Likewise, in the second stage of differentiation, surface coating with BMP2 decreases the diameter and the pore size of the scaffold, causing better adhesion and reduced proliferation of BMP-MSCs. Coating oligomerization surfaces with OPN and BSP promotes cell adhesion, but it is clear that the polymeric coating material BSP alone is insufficient to induce priming of MSCs and functional osteoblastic differentiation in vivo. Finally, TN is involved in mineralization and can accelerate new bone formation in a multicellular environment but has no effect on the initial stage of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Chatakun
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - R. Núñez-Toldrà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. J. Díaz López
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C. Gil-Recio
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Martínez-Sarrà
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Hernández-Alfaro
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Ferrés-Padró
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Fundacio Hospital de Nens de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Giner-Tarrida
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Atari
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, C/Josep Trueta s/n, Sant Cugat del Vallès, 08195 Barcelona, Spain
- Chair of Regenerative Implantology MIS-UIC, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
- Surgery and Oral Implantology Department, College of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Yan S, Zhang J, Tu Q, Ye J, Luo E, Schuler M, Dard M, Yu Y, Murray D, Cochran D, Kim S, Yang P, Chen J. Transcription factor and bone marrow stromal cells in osseointegration of dental implants. Eur Cell Mater 2013; 26:263-70; discussion 270-1. [PMID: 24352891 PMCID: PMC7700752 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v026a19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium implants are widely used in dental clinics and orthopaedic surgery. However, bone formation surrounding the implant is relatively slow after inserting the implant. The current study assessed the effects of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) with forced expression of special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) on the osseointegration of titanium implants. To determine whether SATB2 overexpression in BMSCs can enhance the osseointegration of implants, BMSCs were infected with the retrovirus encoding Satb2 (pBABE-Satb2) and were locally applied to bone defects before implanting the titanium implants in the mouse femur. Seven and twenty-one days after implantation, the femora were isolated for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, haematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis. IHC staining analysis revealed that SATB2-overexpressing BMSCs were intensely distributed in the bone tissue surrounding the implant. Histological analysis showed that SATB2-overexpressing BMSCs significantly enhanced new bone formation and bone-to-implant contact 3 weeks after implantation. Real-time qRT-PCR results showed that the local delivery of SATB2-overexpressing BMSCs enhanced expression levels of potent osteogenic transcription factors and bone matrix proteins in the implantation sites. μCT analysis demonstrated that SATB2-overexpressing BMSCs significantly increased the density of the newly formed bone surrounding the implant 3 weeks post-operatively. These results conclude that local delivery of SATB2-overexpressing BMSCs significantly accelerates osseointegration of titanium implants. These results provide support for future pharmacological and clinical applications of SATB2, which accelerates bone regeneration around titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.G. Yan
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA,Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China,Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - J. Zhang
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA,Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Q. Tu
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - J.H. Ye
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA,Institute of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing China
| | - E. Luo
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - M. Schuler
- Institute Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M.M. Dard
- Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York City, USA
| | - Y. Yu
- Department of Dentistry, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D. Murray
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - D.L. Cochran
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - S.H. Kim
- Cancer Preventive Material Development Research Centre (CPMDRC) and Institute, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - P. Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Oral Biomedicine, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - J. Chen
- Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine and Sackler Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Boston, USA,Address for correspondence: Jake Chen, Division of Oral Biology, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston MA, 02111, USA, Telephone Number: 617-636-2729, FAX Number: 617-636-0878,
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Dental stem cells as an alternative source for cardiac regeneration. Med Hypotheses 2013; 81:704-6. [PMID: 23932760 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2013.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental tissues contains stem cells or progenitors that have high proliferative capacity, are clonogenic in vitro and demonstrate the ability to differentiate to multiple type cells involving neurons, bone, cartilage, fat and smooth muscle. Numerous experiments have demonstrated that the multipotent stem cells are not rejected by immune system and therefore it may be possible to use these cells in allogeneic settings. In addition, these remarkable cells are easily abundantly available couple with less invasive procedure in isolating comparing to bone marrow aspiration. Here we proposed dental stem cells as candidate for cardiac regeneration based on its immature characteristic and propensity towards cardiac lineage via PI3-Kinase/Aktsignalling pathway.
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37
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Amini AR, Laurencin CT, Nukavarapu SP. Bone tissue engineering: recent advances and challenges. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2013; 40:363-408. [PMID: 23339648 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.v40.i5.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1341] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide incidence of bone disorders and conditions has trended steeply upward and is expected to double by 2020, especially in populations where aging is coupled with increased obesity and poor physical activity. Engineered bone tissue has been viewed as a potential alternative to the conventional use of bone grafts, due to their limitless supply and no disease transmission. However, bone tissue engineering practices have not proceeded to clinical practice due to several limitations or challenges. Bone tissue engineering aims to induce new functional bone regeneration via the synergistic combination of biomaterials, cells, and factor therapy. In this review, we discuss the fundamentals of bone tissue engineering, highlighting the current state of this field. Further, we review the recent advances of biomaterial and cell-based research, as well as approaches used to enhance bone regeneration. Specifically, we discuss widely investigated biomaterial scaffolds, micro- and nano-structural properties of these scaffolds, and the incorporation of biomimetic properties and/or growth factors. In addition, we examine various cellular approaches, including the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and their clinical application strengths and limitations. We conclude by overviewing the challenges that face the bone tissue engineering field, such as the lack of sufficient vascularization at the defect site, and the research aimed at functional bone tissue engineering. These challenges will drive future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami R Amini
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Akkouch A, Zhang Z, Rouabhia M. Engineering bone tissue using human dental pulp stem cells and an osteogenic collagen-hydroxyapatite-poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) scaffold. J Biomater Appl 2013; 28:922-36. [PMID: 23640860 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213486705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a new natural/synthetic bioactive bone scaffold for potential use in bone replacement applications. We developed a tri-component osteogenic composite scaffold made of collagen (Coll), hydroxyapatite (HA) and poly(l-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL). This Coll/HA/PLCL composite scaffold was combined with human osteoblast-like cells obtained by differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to engineer bone tissue in vitro. Results show that the 3D Coll/HA/PLCL composite scaffold was highly porous, thereby enabling osteoblast-like cell adhesion and growth. Cultured in the Coll/HA/PLCL scaffold, the osteoblast-like cells expressed different osteogenic genes, produced alkaline phosphatase and formed nodules more than did PLCL alone. Micro-CT analyses revealed a significant (30%) increase of tissue mineralisation on the surface as well as inside of the Coll/HA/PLCL scaffold, thus confirming its effectiveness as a bone regeneration platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Akkouch
- 1Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculty of Dentistry, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Maxillary sinus augmentation with adult mesenchymal stem cells: a review of the current literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 115:717-23. [PMID: 23313230 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been applied in maxillary sinus augmentation (MSA) with clinically successful results. The purpose of this article was to evaluate the systematically acquired evidence for the effectiveness of cell-based approaches in MSA with various scaffolds, and to narratively assess evidence from additional articles that report effectiveness of cell-based approaches in MSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Electronic database searches were performed. Inclusion criteria were studies of cell-based approaches in MSA with various scaffolds, in humans, with at least 3 to 4 months of follow-up. Meta-analysis was performed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with histologic/histomorphometric evaluation. RESULTS Fifteen studies (4 RCTs) were considered to be eligible for inclusion in the review. The meta-analysis suggested a marginal, nonstatistically significant positive effect of MSCs on the bone regrowth. CONCLUSIONS A number of studies have demonstrated the potential for cell-based approaches in MSA; further RCTs that clearly demonstrate benefits of cell-based approach are needed.
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40
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Role of amniotic fluid mesenchymal cells engineered on MgHA/collagen-based scaffold allotransplanted on an experimental animal study of sinus augmentation. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1661-75. [PMID: 23064983 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0857-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present research has been performed to evaluate whether a commercial magnesium-enriched hydroxyapatite (MgHA)/collagen-based scaffold engineered with ovine amniotic fluid mesenchymal cells (oAFMC) could improve bone regeneration process in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bilateral sinus augmentation was performed on eight adult sheep in order to compare the tissue regeneration process at 45 and 90 days after implantation of the oAFMC-engineered scaffold (Test Group) or of the scaffold alone (Ctr Group). The process of tissue remodeling was analyzed through histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses by calculating the proliferation index (PI) of oAFMC loaded on the scaffold, the total vascular area (VA), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels within the grafted area. RESULTS MgHA/collagen-based scaffold showed high biocompatibility preserving the survival of oAFMC for 90 days in grafted sinuses. The use of oAFMC increased bone deposition and stimulated a more rapid angiogenic reaction, thus probably supporting the higher cell PI recorded in cell-treated sinuses. A significantly higher VEGF expression (Test vs. Ctr Group; p = 0.0004) and a larger total VA (p = 0.0006) were detected in the Test Group at 45 days after surgery. The PI was significantly higher (p = 0.027) at 45 days and became significantly lower at 90 days (p = 0.0007) in the Test Group sinuses, while the PI recorded in the Ctr Group continued to increase resulting to a significantly higher PI at day 90 (CTR day 45 vs. CTR day 90; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS The osteoinductive effect of a biomimetic commercial scaffold may be significantly improved by the presence of oAFMC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The amniotic fluid mesenchymal cell (AFMC) may represent a novel, largely and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells to develop cell-based therapy for maxillofacial surgery.
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Lv HS, Han QQ, Ding XL, Zhou JL, Yang PS, Miao JY, Zhao BX. Synthesis and Discovery of Novel Pyrazole Carboxamide Derivatives as Potential Osteogenesis Inducers. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2012; 345:870-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201200180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Chen FM, Sun HH, Lu H, Yu Q. Stem cell-delivery therapeutics for periodontal tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2012; 33:6320-44. [PMID: 22695066 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease, is the most common cause of tooth loss in adults. Attempts to regenerate the complex system of tooth-supporting apparatus (i.e., the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and root cementum) after loss/damage due to periodontitis have made some progress recently and provide a useful experimental model for the evaluation of future regenerative therapies. Concentrated efforts have now moved from the use of guided tissue/bone regeneration technology, a variety of growth factors and various bone grafts/substitutes toward the design and practice of endogenous regenerative technology by recruitment of host cells (cell homing) or stem cell-based therapeutics by transplantation of outside cells to enhance periodontal tissue regeneration and its biomechanical integration. This shift is driven by the general inability of conventional therapies to deliver satisfactory outcomes, particularly in cases where the disease has caused large tissue defects in the periodontium. Cell homing and cell transplantation are both scientifically meritorious approaches that show promise to completely and reliably reconstitute all tissue and connections damaged through periodontal disease, and hence research into both directions should continue. In view of periodontal regeneration by paradigms that unlock the body's innate regenerative potential has been reviewed elsewhere, this paper specifically explores and analyses the stem cell types and cell delivery strategies that have been or have the potential to be used as therapeutics in periodontal regenerative medicine, with particular emphasis placed on the efficacy and safety concerns of current stem cell-based periodontal therapies that may eventually enter into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Ming Chen
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China.
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Srisuwan T, Tilkorn DJ, Al-Benna S, Abberton K, Messer HH, Thompson EW. Revascularization and tissue regeneration of an empty root canal space is enhanced by a direct blood supply and stem cells. Dent Traumatol 2012; 29:84-91. [PMID: 22520279 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2012.01136.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative endodontics is an innovative treatment concept aiming to regenerate pulp, dentin and root structures. In the diseased or necrotic tooth, the limitation in vascular supply renders successful tissue regeneration/generation in a whole tooth challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of vascularized tissue to develop within a pulpless tooth using tissue engineering techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pulpless tooth chamber, filled with collagen I gel containing isolated rat dental pulp cells (DPC) and angiogenic growth factors, was placed into a hole created in the femoral cortex or into its own tooth socket, respectively. The gross, histological and biochemical characteristics of the de novo tissue were evaluated at 4 and 8 weeks post-transplantation. RESULTS Tooth revascularization and tissue generation was observed only in the femur group, confirming the important role of vascular supply in tissue regeneration. The addition of cells and growth factors significantly promoted connective tissue production in the tooth chamber. CONCLUSION Successful revascularization and tissue regeneration in this model demonstrate the importance of a direct vascular supply and the advantages of a stem cell approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanida Srisuwan
- O'Brien Institute of Microsurgery, The University of Melbourne, St Vincent’s Hospital Campus, Vic., Australia.
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A combined synthetic-fibrin scaffold supports growth and cardiomyogenic commitment of human placental derived stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34284. [PMID: 22509287 PMCID: PMC3317941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A potential therapy for myocardial infarction is to deliver isolated stem cells to the infarcted site. A key issue with this therapy is to have at one's disposal a suitable cell delivery system which, besides being able to support cell proliferation and differentiation, may also provide handling and elastic properties which do not affect cardiac contractile function. In this study an elastic scaffold, obtained combining a poly(ether)urethane-polydimethylsiloxane (PEtU-PDMS) semi-interpenetrating polymeric network (s-IPN) with fibrin, was used as a substrate for in vitro studies of human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMSC) growth and differentiation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After hAMSC seeding on the fibrin side of the scaffold, cell metabolic activity and proliferation were evaluated by WST-1 and bromodeoxyuridine assays. Morphological changes and mRNAs expression for cardiac differentiation markers in the hAMSCs were examined using immunofluorescence and RT-PCR analysis. The beginning of cardiomyogenic commitment of hAMSCs grown on the scaffold was induced, for the first time in this cell population, by a nitric oxide (NO) treatment. Following NO treatment hAMSCs show morphological changes, an increase of the messenger cardiac differentiation markers [troponin I (TnI) and NK2 transcription factor related locus 5 (Nkx2.5)] and a modulation of the endothelial markers [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR)]. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study suggest that the s-IPN PEtU-PDMS/fibrin combined scaffold allows a better proliferation and metabolic activity of hAMSCs cultured up to 14 days, compared to the ones grown on plastic dishes. In addition, the combined scaffold sustains the beginning of hAMSCs differentiation process towards a cardiomyogenic lineage.
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Iezzi G, Degidi M, Piattelli A, Mangano C, Scarano A, Shibli JA, Perrotti V. Comparative histological results of different biomaterials used in sinus augmentation procedures: a human study at 6 months. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:1369-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02308.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Iezzi
- Dental School; University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti; Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Jamil A. Shibli
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University (UnG); Guarulhos; SP; Brazil
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