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Zor KR, Yılmaz U, Bozkurt SB. Coenzyme Q10 and Vitamin E Regulate the Bioactivity of Human Corneal Fibroblast Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2024. [PMID: 38976309 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2024.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Corneal fibroblasts are involved in the wound healing of the cornea with proliferation, migration, and differentiation processes. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin E can enhance corneal wound healing when applied after a corneal lesion as an eye drop. Thus, this study was performed to determine the potential efficiency of a CoQ10 ophthalmical solution containing a CoQ10 and vitamin E D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS)-derived formulation in human corneal fibroblasts (HCFs) in vitro. Methods: Primary HCFs were obtained from cadaveric corneal tissue, and cell viability was determined using MTT assay at 24 and 72 h. Cell migration was evaluated using an in vitro wound healing assay, and mRNA expressions of collagen type I (COL-I), collagen type III (COL-III), lumican, hyaluronan, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were assessed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at 24 and 72 h. Results: At various concentrations of CoQ10 ophthalmical solution (CoQ10-os), cell viability and wound healing rates of HCFs increased compared with the control group. The expressions of COL-I, COL-III, lumican, and hyaluronan were increased by CoQ10-os, whereas those of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and TIMP-3 were not affected by CoQ10-os at 24 and 72 h. In treating HCFs with a CoQ10-os medium, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 decreased, whereas IL-10 was significantly increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions: The findings indicate that CoQ10 and vitamin E-TPGS are potent regulators of the bioactivity of HCFs, thus supporting their potential application as ophthalmical solutions in therapies aimed at the fast regeneration of damaged cornea tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kursad Ramazan Zor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Türkiye
| | - Ugur Yılmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Türkiye
| | - Serife Buket Bozkurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Türkiye
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Chen X, Pang X, Yeo AJ, Xie S, Xiang M, Shi B, Yu G, Li C. The Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:889765. [PMID: 35663422 PMCID: PMC9160190 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.889765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selective, semi-permeable layer of endothelial cells that protects the central nervous system from harmful substances circulating in blood. It is one of the important barriers of the nervous system. BBB dysfunction is an early pathophysiological change observed in nervous system diseases. There are few treatments for BBB dysfunction, so this motivates the review. Ferroptosis is a novel cell death mode caused by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation accumulation, which has recently attracted more attention due to its possible role in nervous system disorders. Studies have shown that lipid peroxidation and iron accumulation are related to the barrier dysfunction, especially the expression of tight junction proteins. Therefore, examination of the relationship between ferroptosis and BBB dysfunction may reveal new targets for the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Chen
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xinru Pang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Abrey J. Yeo
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Siwen Xie
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Mengting Xiang
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Shi
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Gongchang Yu
- Neck-Shoulder and Lumbocrural Pain Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Gongchang Yu,
| | - Chao Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- Chao Li,
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Investigating the Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:8392572. [PMID: 34422406 PMCID: PMC8378968 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8392572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) treatment on immortalised human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC-12). Methods HCEC-12 cells were cultured in different concentrations of CoQ10 (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) and analysed using live/dead staining assay to determine appropriate concentration for subsequent experiments. Cells were pretreated with CoQ10 before inducing apoptosis by ethanol (EtOH) treatment for 30 seconds which was followed by posttreatment with CoQ10. Viable, apoptotic, and dead cell proportions were analysed using Annexin V-FITC immunofluorescence staining. Mitochondrial intensity and respiratory functions were also investigated using MitoTracker staining and a Seahorse XFe24 analyser, respectively. Results were compared to a positive control for apoptosis. The experiments were carried out in triplicates. Graphpad prism software was used for statistical analysis where p < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. Results CoQ10 treatment at 0.5% and 1% showed 92% and 30% viable cells compared with 0.1% and 0.2% that showed 96% and 94% viable cells, respectively (p=0.0562). 0.1% and 0.2% concentrations were, thus, used for subsequent experiments. Annexin V-FITC apoptotic analysis showed 2% at 0.1% and 3% at 0.2% of apoptotic cells (p=0.0824). Mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial intensity increased in apoptotic cells following 0.1% CoQ10 treatment. Conclusion 0.1% CoQ10 was found optimal for reducing apoptosis and increasing metabolic activity on human corneal endothelial cell line. These results support the need for further ex vivo studies to investigate the safety profile of CoQ10 as an antiapoptotic agent for human corneal endothelium.
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Kuang F, Liu J, Tang D, Kang R. Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Defense in Ferroptosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586578. [PMID: 33043019 PMCID: PMC7527737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many new types of regulated cell death have been recently implicated in human health and disease. These regulated cell deaths have different morphological, genetic, biochemical, and functional hallmarks. Ferroptosis was originally described as a carcinogenic RAS-dependent non-apoptotic cell death, and is now defined as a type of regulated necrosis characterized by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Multiple oxidative and antioxidant systems, acting together autophagy machinery, shape the process of lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis. In particular, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that depends on the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) and the mitochondrial respiratory chain promotes lipid peroxidation by lipoxygenase (ALOX) or cytochrome P450 reductase (POR). In contrast, the glutathione (GSH), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) system limits oxidative damage during ferroptosis. These antioxidant processes are further transcriptionally regulated by nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2/NRF2), whereas membrane repair during ferroptotic damage requires the activation of endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-III. A further understanding of the process and function of ferroptosis may provide precise treatment strategies for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feimei Kuang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Xu J, Tang S, Song E, Yin B, Wu D, Bao E. Hsp70 expression induced by Co-Enzyme Q10 protected chicken myocardial cells from damage and apoptosis under in vitro heat stress. Poult Sci 2018; 96:1426-1437. [PMID: 27794544 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether induction of Hsp70 expression by co-enzyme Q10 (Q10) treatment protects chicken primary myocardial cells (CPMCs) from damage and apoptosis in response to heat stress for 5 hours. Analysis of the expression and distribution of Hsp70 and the levels of the damage-related enzymes creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as pathological analysis showed that co-enzyme Q10 alleviated the damage caused to CPMCs during heat stress. Further, analysis of cell apoptosis and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 indicated that co-enzyme Q10 did have an anti-apoptotic role during heat stress. Western blot analysis showed that pretreatment with co-enzyme Q10 led to a significant increase in the expression of Hsp70 during heat stress. Immunostaining assays confirmed the results of western blot analysis and also showed that co-enzyme Q10 could accelerate the translocation of Hsp70 into the nucleus during heat stress, but this was not observed in the group that was treated with only co-enzyme Q10. These findings seem to indicate that co-enzyme Q10 protected CPMCs from heat stress via the induction of Hsp70. To investigate this, 200 μM quercetin, an Hsp70 inhibitor, was used to inhibit the expression of Hsp70 2 h before heat stress. Quercetin pre-treatment was observed to suppress the expression of Hsp70 as well the protective function of co-enzyme Q10 at 5 h of heat stress. This finding confirms that Q10 brought about its effects via Hsp70 expression, but the mechanism underlying this needs further investigation.
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CoQ10 Deficiency May Indicate Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cr(VI) Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040816. [PMID: 28441753 PMCID: PMC5412400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the toxic mechanism of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) and search for an antidote for Cr(VI)-induced cytotoxicity, a study of mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Cr(VI) and cell survival by recovering mitochondrial function was performed. In the present study, we found that the gene expression of electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) was strongly downregulated by Cr(VI) exposure. The levels of coenzyme 10 (CoQ10) and mitochondrial biogenesis presented by mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA copy number were also significantly reduced after Cr(VI) exposure. The subsequent, Cr(VI)-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis were characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ATP production, increased methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, increased Ca2+ levels, Cyt c release, decreased Bcl-2 expression, and significantly elevated Bax expression. The Cr(VI)-induced deleterious changes were attenuated by pretreatment with CoQ10 in L-02 hepatocytes. These data suggest that Cr(VI) induces CoQ10 deficiency in L-02 hepatocytes, indicating that this deficiency may be a biomarker of mitochondrial dysfunction in Cr(VI) poisoning and that exogenous administration of CoQ10 may restore mitochondrial function and protect the liver from Cr(VI) exposure.
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Chen PY, Hou CW, Shibu MA, Day CH, Pai P, Liu ZR, Lin TY, Viswanadha VP, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Protective effect of Co-enzyme Q10 On doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy of rat hearts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:679-689. [PMID: 27087047 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Q10 is a powerful antioxidant often used in medical nutritional supplements for cancer treatment. This study determined whether Q10 could effectively prevent cardio-toxicity caused by doxorubicin treatment. Four week old SD rats were segregated into groups namely control, doxorubicin group (challenged with doxorubicin), Dox + Q10 group (with doxorubicin challenge and oral Q10 treatment), and Q10 group (with oral Q10 treatment). Doxorubicin groups received IP doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) every 3 days and Q10 groups received Q10 (10 mg/kg) every day. Three weeks of doxorubicin challenge caused significant reduction in heart weight, disarray in cardiomyocyte arrangement, elevation of collagen accumulation, enhancement of fibrosis and cell death associated proteins, and inhibition of survival proteins. However, Q10 effectively protected cardiomyocytes and ameliorated fibrosis and cell death induced by doxorubicin. Q10 is, therefore, evidently a potential drug to prevent heart damage caused by doxorubicin. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 679-689, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Peiying Pai
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Rong Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yi Lin
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu L, Chen M, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Hu R, Zhu J, Yan R, Dai K. Ethanol Induces Platelet Apoptosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:291-298. [PMID: 28081301 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse incurs severe medical conditions, such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage, but the pathogenesis is not totally understood. Alcohol has been reported to induce apoptosis in eukaryotic cells, such as hepatocyte, nerve cell, corneal fibroblasts. However, it is still unclear whether alcohol induces platelet apoptosis. METHODS Washed human platelets were pretreated with ethanol (EtOH), and apoptotic events and platelet function were detected. In in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice were given EtOH by gavage. Platelet counts, tail bleeding time, and the stomach were examined. RESULTS EtOH dose dependently induces depolarization of mitochondrial inner transmembrane potential, up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, and caspase-3 activation. EtOH does not induce surface expression of P-selectin or PAC-1 binding, whereas significantly reduces collagen-, thrombin-, and ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Moreover, EtOH induces c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation. In an in vivo mouse model of the acute alcoholism, EtOH significantly reduces the number of circulating platelets, prolongs the tail bleeding time, and causes gastric mucosa hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that EtOH induces mitochondria-mediated intrinsic platelet apoptosis, results in the reduction of the number of circulating platelets, and impairs in vivo hemostasis. These findings reveal the possible pathogenesis of hemorrhagic symptoms in patients experiencing acute alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Mengxing Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Renping Hu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Ministry of Health, Suzhou, China
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Gueven N, Nadikudi M, Daniel A, Chhetri J. Targeting mitochondrial function to treat optic neuropathy. Mitochondrion 2016; 36:7-14. [PMID: 27476756 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many reports have illustrated a tight connection between vision and mitochondrial function. Not only are most mitochondrial diseases associated with some form of vision impairment, many ophthalmological disorders such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy also show signs of mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite a vast amount of evidence, vision loss is still only treated symptomatically, which is only partially a consequence of resistance to acknowledge that mitochondria could be the common denominator and hence a promising therapeutic target. More importantly, clinical support of this concept is only emerging. Moreover, only a few drug candidates and treatment strategies are in development or approved that selectively aim to restore mitochondrial function. This review rationalizes the currently developed therapeutic approaches that target mitochondrial function by discussing their proposed mode(s) of action and provides an overview on their development status with regards to optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - Monila Nadikudi
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Abraham Daniel
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jamuna Chhetri
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Seo JB, Jung SR, Hille B, Koh DS. Extracellular ATP protects pancreatic duct epithelial cells from alcohol-induced damage through P2Y1 receptor-cAMP signal pathway. Cell Biol Toxicol 2016; 32:229-47. [PMID: 27197531 PMCID: PMC5493489 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-016-9331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) regulates cell death and survival of neighboring cells. The detailed effects are diverse depending on cell types and extracellular ATP concentration. We addressed the effect of ATP on ethanol-induced cytotoxicity in epithelial cells, the cell type that experiences the highest concentrations of alcohol. Using pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC), we found that a micromolar range of ATP reverses all intracellular toxicity mechanisms triggered by exceptionally high doses of ethanol and, thus, improves cell viability dramatically. Out of the many purinergic receptors expressed in PDEC, the P2Y1 receptor was identified to mediate the protective effect, based on pharmacological and siRNA assays. Activation of P2Y1 receptors increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The protective effect of ATP was mimicked by forskolin and 8-Br-cAMP but inhibited by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, H-89. Finally, ATP reverted leakiness of PDEC monolayers induced by ethanol and helped to maintain epithelial integrity. We suggest that purinergic receptors reduce extreme alcohol-induced cell damage via the cAMP signal pathway in PDEC and some other types of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Health Sciences Bldg. Rm. G-424, Seattle, WA, 98195-7290, USA.
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Fan Y, Li C, Li F, Chen D. pH-activated size reduction of large compound nanoparticles for in vivo nucleus-targeted drug delivery. Biomaterials 2016; 85:30-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Tsai HY, Lin CP, Huang PH, Li SY, Chen JS, Lin FY, Chen JW, Lin SJ. Coenzyme Q10 Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Endothelial Progenitor Cell Dysfunction through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6384759. [PMID: 26682233 PMCID: PMC4670652 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6384759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), an antiapoptosis enzyme, is stored in the mitochondria of cells. We investigated whether CoQ10 can attenuate high glucose-induced endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) apoptosis and clarified its mechanism. EPCs were incubated with normal glucose (5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM) environment for 3 days, followed by treatment with CoQ10 (10 μM) for 24 hr. Cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, and JC-1 assay were examined. The specific signal pathways of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), eNOS/Akt, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were also assessed. High glucose reduced EPC functional activities, including proliferation and migration. Additionally, Akt/eNOS activity and NO production were downregulated in high glucose-stimulated EPCs. Administration of CoQ10 ameliorated high glucose-induced EPC apoptosis, including downregulation of caspase 3, upregulation of Bcl-2, and increase in mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, treatment with CoQ10 reduced reactive oxygen species, enhanced eNOS/Akt activity, and increased HO-1 expression in high glucose-treated EPCs. These effects were negated by administration of AMPK inhibitor. Transplantation of CoQ10-treated EPCs under high glucose conditions into ischemic hindlimbs improved blood flow recovery. CoQ10 reduced high glucose-induced EPC apoptosis and dysfunction through upregulation of eNOS, HO-1 through the AMPK pathway. Our findings provide a potential treatment strategy targeting dysfunctional EPC in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ya Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Pei Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine and Institute of Biotechnology in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Po-Hsun Huang: and
| | - Szu-Yuan Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Shiong Chen
- Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yen Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute and Department of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Shing-Jong Lin:
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Coenzyme Q10 inhibits the aging of mesenchymal stem cells induced by D-galactose through Akt/mTOR signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:867293. [PMID: 25789082 PMCID: PMC4348608 DOI: 10.1155/2015/867293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidences indicate that reactive oxygen species are the main factor promoting stem cell aging. Recent studies have demonstrated that coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a positive role in organ and cellular aging. However, the potential for CoQ10 to protect stem cell aging has not been fully evaluated, and the mechanisms of cell senescence inhibited by CoQ10 are still poorly understood. Our previous study had indicated that D-galactose (D-gal) can remarkably induce mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aging through promoting intracellular ROS generation. In this study, we showed that CoQ10 could significantly inhibit MSC aging induced by D-gal. Moreover, in the CoQ10 group, the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was clearly reduced compared with that in the D-gal group. However, after Akt activating by CA-Akt plasmid, the senescence-cell number in the CoQ10 group was significantly higher than that in the control group. These results indicated that CoQ10 could inhibit D-gal-induced MSC aging through the Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Lao X, Li B, Liu M, Chen J, Gao X, Zheng H. Increased antitumor activity of tumor-specific peptide modified thymopentin. Biochimie 2014; 107 Pt B:277-85. [PMID: 25236717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thymopoietin pentapeptide (thymopentin, TP5), an immunomodulatory peptide, has been successfully used as an immune system enhancer for treating immune deficiency, cancer, and infectious diseases. However, poor penetration into tumors remains a key limitation to the efficacy and application of TP5. iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) has been introduced to certain anticancer agents, and increased specific tumor penetrability of drugs and cell internalization have been observed. In the present study, we fused this iRGD fragment with the C-terminal of TP5 to yield a new product, TP5-iRGD. Cell attachment assay showed that TP5-iRGD exhibits more extensive attachment to the melanoma cell line B16F10 than wild-type TP5. Tumor cell viability assay showed that iRGD conjugation with the TP5 C-terminus increases the basal antiproliferative activity of the pentapeptide against the melanoma cell line B16F10, the human lung cancer cell line H460, and the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Subsequent injections of TP5-iRGD inhibited in vivo melanoma progression more efficiently than the native TP5. Murine spleen lymphocyte proliferation assay also showed that TP5-iRGD and the parent pentapeptide feature nearly identical spleen lymphocyte proliferation activities. We built an integrin αvβ3 and TP5-iRGD computational binding model to investigate the mechanism by which TP5-iRGD promotes increased activity further. Conjugation with iRGD promotes binding to integrin αvβ3, thereby increasing the tumor-homing efficiency of the resultant peptide. These experimental and computational observations of increased TP5-iRGD activity help broaden the usage of TP5 and reflect the great application potential of the peptide as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhen Lao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Heng Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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15
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Seo JB, Gowda GAN, Koh DS. Apoptotic damage of pancreatic ductal epithelia by alcohol and its rescue by an antioxidant. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81893. [PMID: 24244749 PMCID: PMC3828411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol abuse is a major cause of pancreatitis. However alcohol toxicity has not been fully elucidated in the pancreas and little is known about the effect of alcohol on pancreatic ducts. We report the molecular mechanisms of ethanol-induced damage of pancreatic duct epithelial cells (PDEC). Ethanol treatment for 1, 4, and 24 h resulted in cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The ethanol-induced cell damage was mainly apoptosis due to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and activation of caspase-3 enzyme. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) attenuated these cellular responses and reduced cell death significantly, suggesting a critical role for ROS. Acetaldehyde, a metabolic product of alcohol dehydrogenase, induced significant cell death, depolarization of MMP, and caspase-3 activation as ethanol and this damage was also averted by NAC. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed the expression of several subtypes of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data confirmed the accumulation of acetaldehyde in ethanol-treated cells, suggesting that acetaldehyde formation can contribute to alcohol toxicity in PDEC. Finally, ethanol increased the leakage of PDEC monolayer which was again attenuated by NAC. In conclusion, ethanol induces apoptosis of PDEC and thereby may contribute to the development of alcohol-induced pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - G. A. Nagana Gowda
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Physics, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lao X, Liu M, Chen J, Zheng H. A tumor-penetrating peptide modification enhances the antitumor activity of thymosin alpha 1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72242. [PMID: 23977262 PMCID: PMC3747120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A serious limitation of numerous antitumor drugs is the incapacity to penetrate solid tumors. However, addition of an RGD fragment to peptide drugs might solve this problem. In this study, we explored whether the introduction of a permeability-enhancing sequence, such as iRGD (CRGDK/RGPD/EC) fragments, would enhance the activity of thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1). The modified Tα1 (Tα1-iRGD) was successfully expressed and purified, and the in vitro assay showed that Tα1-iRGD presented a similar activity as Tα1 in promoting proliferation of mouse splenocytes. Meanwhile, cell adhesion analysis revealed that Tα1-iRGD exhibited more specific and greater binding with tumor cells compared with Tα1. Furthermore, the iRGD fragment evidently enhanced the basal ability of Tα1 to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells in vitro, particularly of mouse melanoma cell line B16F10 and human lung cancer cell line H460. Our findings indicated that the addition of an iRGD fragment increased the anti-proliferative activity of Tα1 against cancer cells by improving the ability of Tα1 to penetrate the tumor cells. This study highlighted the important roles of an iRGD sequence in the therapeutic strategy of Tα1-iRGD. Thus, Tα1-iRGD could be a novel drug candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhen Lao
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su Province, P.R. China
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su Province, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su Province, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zheng
- Department of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiang Su Province, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Yuan H, Zhang W, Li H, Chen C, Liu H, Li Z. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol on embryonic dorsal root ganglion neurons with neurotoxicity induced by ethanol. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 55:192-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Chen CC, Liou SW, Chen CC, Chen WC, Hu FR, Wang IJ, Lin SJ. Coenzyme Q10 rescues ethanol-induced corneal fibroblast apoptosis through the inhibition of caspase-2 activation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:11689-704. [PMID: 23430247 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that caspase-2 is involved in the early stages of apoptosis, particularly before the occurrence of mitochondrial damage. Here we report the important role of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the activity of caspase-2 upstream of mitochondria in ethanol (EtOH)-treated corneal fibroblasts. After EtOH exposure, cells produce excessive reactive oxygen species formation, p53 expression, and most importantly, caspase-2 activation. After the activation of the caspase-2, the cells exhibited hallmarks of apoptotic pathway, such as mitochondrial damage and translocation of Bax and cytochrome c, which were then followed by caspase-3 activation. By pretreating the cells with a cell-permeable, biotinylated pan-caspase inhibitor, we identified caspase-2 as an initiator caspase in EtOH-treated corneal fibroblasts. Loss of caspase-2 inhibited EtOH-induced apoptosis. We further found that caspase-2 acts upstream of mitochondria to mediate EtOH-induced apoptosis. The loss of caspase-2 significantly inhibited EtOH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, Bax translocation, and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. The pretreatment of CoQ10 prevented EtOH-induced caspase-2 activation and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Our data demonstrated that by blocking caspase-2 activity, CoQ10 can protect the cells from mitochondrial membrane change, apoptotic protein translocation, and apoptosis. Taken together, EtOH-induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis is initiated by caspase-2 activation, which is regulated by CoQ10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan 106
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The sonodynamic effect of curcumin on THP-1 cell-derived macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:737264. [PMID: 23509769 PMCID: PMC3591177 DOI: 10.1155/2013/737264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is extracted from the rhizomes of the traditional Chinese herb Curcuma longa and has been proposed to function as a photosensitizer. The potential use of curcumin as a sonosensitizer for sonodynamic therapy (SDT) requires further exploration. This study investigated the sonodynamic effect of curcumin on macrophages, the pivotal inflammatory cells in atherosclerotic plaque. THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with curcumin at a concentration of 40.7 μmol/L for 2 h and then exposed to pulse ultrasound irradiation (2 W/cm2 with 0.86 MHz) for 5–15 min. Six hours later, cell viability was decreased in cells that had been treated with ultrasound for 10 and 15 min. After ultrasound irradiation for 15 min, the ratio of apoptotic and necrotic cells in SDT group was higher than that in ultrasound group, and the ratio of apoptotic cells was higher than that of necrotic cells. Both loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and morphological changes of cytoskeleton were apparent 2 h after treatment with curcumin SDT. These findings support that curcumin had sonodynamic effect on THP-1-derived macrophages and that curcumin SDT could be a promising treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Wheater MA, Falvo J, Ruiz F, Byars M. Chlorhexidine, ethanol, lipopolysaccharide and nicotine do not enhance the cytotoxicity of a calcium hydroxide pulp capping material. Int Endod J 2012; 45:989-95. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02057.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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