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Wang W, Chong WP, Li C, Chen Z, Wu S, Zhou H, Wan Y, Chen W, Gery I, Liu Y, Caspi RR, Chen J. Type I Interferon Therapy Limits CNS Autoimmunity by Inhibiting CXCR3-Mediated Trafficking of Pathogenic Effector T Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 28:486-497.e4. [PMID: 31291583 PMCID: PMC6748389 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) have therapeutic potential in CNS autoimmune diseases, such as uveitis, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using a T cell-transfer model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), we found that IFN-α/β treatment inhibited the migration of IFN-γ-producing pathogenic CD4+ T cells to effector sites. IFN-α/β upregulated the expression of the cognate ligands CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, causing ligand-mediated downregulation of CXCR3 expression and effector T cell retention in the spleen. Accordingly, type I IFN did not alter EAU progression in CXCR3-/- mice. In uveitis patients, disease exacerbations correlated with reduced serum IFN-α concentrations. IFN-α/β reduced CXCR3 expression and migration by human effector T cells, and these parameters were associated with the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-α in uveitis patients. Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis of type I IFN therapy for CNS autoimmune diseases and identify CXCR3 as a biomarker for effective type I IFN immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wai Po Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Chunmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Sihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 40038, China
| | - Wanjun Chen
- Mucosal Immunology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Igal Gery
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou 510060, China; Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Abstract
Th17 cells, a CD4+ T-cell subset, produce interleukin (IL)-17, a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has been shown to be involved in several forms of infectious and noninfectious uveitis. Here, we explore the roles of this IL in uveitic disorders as well as in experimental autoimmune uveitis, the possible pathogenic implications of several cytokines associated with IL-17 and analyze the current outcomes and goals for drugs aiming for the IL-17 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ghasemi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Lückoff A, Caramoy A, Scholz R, Prinz M, Kalinke U, Langmann T. Interferon-beta signaling in retinal mononuclear phagocytes attenuates pathological neovascularization. EMBO Mol Med 2016; 8:670-8. [PMID: 27137488 PMCID: PMC4888856 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201505994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among the elderly. AMD pathogenesis involves chronic activation of the innate immune system including complement factors and microglia/macrophage reactivity in the retina. Here, we show that lack of interferon-β signaling in the retina accelerates mononuclear phagocyte reactivity and promotes choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in the laser model of neovascular AMD Complete deletion of interferon-α/β receptor (Ifnar) using Ifnar1(-/-) mice significantly enhanced early microglia and macrophage activation in lesion areas. This triggered subsequent vascular leakage and CNV at later stages. Similar findings were obtained in laser-treated Cx3cr1(Cre) (ER):Ifnar1(fl/fl) animals that allowed the tamoxifen-induced conditional depletion of Ifnar in resident mononuclear phagocytes only. Conversely, systemic IFN-β therapy of laser-treated wild-type animals effectively attenuated microgliosis and macrophage responses in the early stage of disease and significantly reduced CNV size in the late phase. Our results reveal a protective role of Ifnar signaling in retinal immune homeostasis and highlight a potential use for IFN-β therapy in the eye to limit chronic inflammation and pathological angiogenesis in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Lückoff
- Retinal Immunology Laboratory (RIL), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Albert Caramoy
- Retinal Immunology Laboratory (RIL), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Scholz
- Retinal Immunology Laboratory (RIL), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology and BIOSS Center for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Langmann
- Retinal Immunology Laboratory (RIL), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Ye Z, Deng B, Wang C, Zhang D, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Decreased B and T lymphocyte attenuator in Behcet's disease may trigger abnormal Th17 and Th1 immune responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20401. [PMID: 26841832 PMCID: PMC4740741 DOI: 10.1038/srep20401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, systemic and recurrent inflammatory disease associated with hyperactive Th17 and Th1 immune responses. Recent studies have shown that B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) negatively regulates the immune response. In this study, we investigated whether BTLA activation could be exploited to inhibit the development of abnormal immune responses in BD patients. BTLA expression in PBMCs and CD4(+) T cells was significantly decreased in active BD patients. Decreased BTLA level was associated with increased Th17 and Th1 responses. Activation of BTLA inhibited the abnormal Th17 and Th1 responses and IL-22 expression in both patients and controls. Addition of an agonistic anti-BTLA antibody remarkably inhibited DC-induced Th17 and Th1 cell responses, resulted in decreased production of the Th17 and Th1-related cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-23 and IL-12p70 and reduced CD40 expression in DCs. In conclusion, decreased BTLA expression in ocular BD may lead to inappropriate control of the Th17 and Th1 immune responses and DC functions. Therefore, BTLA may be involved in the development and recurrence of this disease. Agonistic agents of BTLA may represent a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of BD and other inflammatory diseases mediated by abnormal Th17 and Th1 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Bolin Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chaokui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Dike Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Decreased expression of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in ocular Behcet's disease. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:195094. [PMID: 25045206 PMCID: PMC4090433 DOI: 10.1155/2014/195094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in immune responses. AhR is activated following interaction with its ligands, such as 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) and 2-(1′H-indole-3′-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). In this study, we investigated the role of AhR activation by its endogenous ligands in the pathogenesis of ocular Behcet's disease (BD). The expression of AhR was significantly decreased in active BD patients as compared to inactive BD patients and normal controls. Both FICZ and ITE inhibited Th1 and Th17 polarization and induced the expression of IL-22 by PBMCs and by CD4+T cells in active BD patients and normal controls. Stimulation of purified CD4+T cells with FICZ or ITE caused a decreased expression of RORC, IL-17, IL-23R, and CCR6 and an increased phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. The present study suggests that a decreased AhR expression is associated with disease activity in BD patients. The activation of AhR by either FICZ or ITE was able to inhibit Th1 and Th17 cell polarization. Further studies are needed to investigate whether modulation of AhR might be used in the treatment of BD.
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Caspi RR. Understanding autoimmunity in the eye: from animal models to novel therapies. DISCOVERY MEDICINE 2014; 17:155-162. [PMID: 24641958 PMCID: PMC4573559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years considerable headway has been made on understanding the mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases of the eye. This includes the role of the innate vs. adaptive arms of the immune systems in disease, the concept that distinct immune pathways can drive end-organ pathology, and the role as well as limitations of immune privilege in controlling the innate and adaptive effector responses that lead to eye pathology and loss of vision. These insights have largely been derived from basic studies in established and in newly developed animal models of uveitis. The increased understanding of disease mechanisms has the potential to guide development of rational therapies for human uveitis. Many novel biologics currently in use or being evaluated have been developed, or validated, in animal models of autoimmune and inflammatory disease, including experimental uveitis. Paradoxically, and fueled in part by dwindling research budgets, a campaign has been gathering momentum against use of animal models in preclinical research, as being poorly representative of responses in humans. Given the extensive genetic similarity between humans and laboratory rodents as revealed by the Human, Mouse and Rat Genome Projects, and the finding that almost all known disease-associated genes have orthologs in mice and rats, perhaps the problem is our still-insufficient understanding of mechanisms and inadequate knowledge of species differences, resulting in poor choice of models, rather than in an inherent unsuitability of animal models to represent human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Gül FC, Turgut B, Dağlı F, İlhan N, Özgen M. The comparison of the impact of ghrelin and tacrolimus on vitreous cytokine levels in an experimental uveitis model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2013; 251:1235-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-013-2259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Bharadwaj AS, Appukuttan B, Wilmarth PA, Pan Y, Stempel AJ, Chipps TJ, Benedetti EE, Zamora DO, Choi D, David LL, Smith JR. Role of the retinal vascular endothelial cell in ocular disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 32:102-80. [PMID: 22982179 PMCID: PMC3679193 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinal endothelial cells line the arborizing microvasculature that supplies and drains the neural retina. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of these endothelial cells are consistent with nutritional requirements and protection of a tissue critical to vision. On the one hand, the endothelium must ensure the supply of oxygen and other nutrients to the metabolically active retina, and allow access to circulating cells that maintain the vasculature or survey the retina for the presence of potential pathogens. On the other hand, the endothelium contributes to the blood-retinal barrier that protects the retina by excluding circulating molecular toxins, microorganisms, and pro-inflammatory leukocytes. Features required to fulfill these functions may also predispose to disease processes, such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization, and trafficking of microbes and inflammatory cells. Thus, the retinal endothelial cell is a key participant in retinal ischemic vasculopathies that include diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal inflammation or infection, as occurs in posterior uveitis. Using gene expression and proteomic profiling, it has been possible to explore the molecular phenotype of the human retinal endothelial cell and contribute to understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases. In addition to providing support for the involvement of well-characterized endothelial molecules, profiling has the power to identify new players in retinal pathologies. Findings may have implications for the design of new biological therapies. Additional progress in this field is anticipated as other technologies, including epigenetic profiling methods, whole transcriptome shotgun sequencing, and metabolomics, are used to study the human retinal endothelial cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Phillip A. Wilmarth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Yuzhen Pan
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongseok Choi
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Larry L. David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
| | - Justine R. Smith
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Oregon Health & Science University
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Yang Y, Du L, Sun M, Kijlstra A, Yang P. IFN-β inhibits the increased expression of IL-9 during experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48566. [PMID: 23119059 PMCID: PMC3484134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It has been shown that IL-9 plays a proinflammatory role in the pathogenesis of certain autoimmune diseases. This study was designed to investigate the possible role of IL-9 in the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) and the effect of IFN-β on its expression. Methods EAU was induced in B10RIII mice by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 161–180 (IRBP161–180). IFN-β was administered subcutaneously to IRBP161–180 immunized mice every other day from day one before immunization to the end of the study. Splenocytes and draining lymph node (DLN) cells from EAU mice or control mice or EAU mice treated with IFN-β or PBS were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 or IRBP161–180 for 3 days. Naïve T cells cultured under Th1 or Th17 polarizing conditions were incubated in the presence or absence of IFN-β for 4 days. Effector/memory T cells were activated by anti-CD3/CD28 in the presence or absence of IFN-β for 3 days. IFN-β-treated monocytes were cocultured with naïve T cells or effector/memory T cells for 3 days. Culture supernatants were collected and IL-9 was detected by ELISA. Results IL-9 expression in splenocytes and DLN cells was increased in EAU mice during the inflammatory phase and returned back to lower levels during the recovery phase. IFN-β in vivo treatment significantly inhibited EAU activity in association with a down-regulated expression of IL-9. In vitro polarized Th1 and Th17 cells both secreted IL-9 and the addition of IFN-β suppressed production of IL-9 by both Th subsets. Beside its effect on polarized Th cells, IFN-β also suppressed the secretion of IL-9 by effector/memory T cells. However, IFN-β-treated monocytes had no effect on the production of IL-9 when cocultured with naïve or effector/memory T cells. Conclusion IL-9 expression is increased during EAU which could be suppressed by IFN-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Liping Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Min Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- Eye Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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Teeling H, Fuchs BM, Becher D, Klockow C, Gardebrecht A, Bennke CM, Kassabgy M, Huang S, Mann AJ, Waldmann J, Weber M, Klindworth A, Otto A, Lange J, Bernhardt J, Reinsch C, Hecker M, Peplies J, Bockelmann FD, Callies U, Gerdts G, Wichels A, Wiltshire KH, Glockner FO, Schweder T, Amann R. Substrate-Controlled Succession of Marine Bacterioplankton Populations Induced by a Phytoplankton Bloom. Science 2012; 336:608-11. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1218344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 937] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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