1
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Awate S, Scruten E, Mutwiri G, Napper S. Kinome Analysis to Define Mechanisms of Adjuvant Action: PCEP Induces Unique Signaling at the Injection Site and Lymph Nodes. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060927. [PMID: 35746541 PMCID: PMC9228728 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of action of adjuvants through systems biology enables rationale criteria for their selection, optimization, and application. As kinome analysis has proven valuable for defining responses to infectious agents and providing biomarkers of vaccine responsiveness, it is a logical candidate to define molecular responses to adjuvants. Signaling responses to the adjuvant poly[di(sodiumcarboxylatoethylphenoxy)phosphazene] (PCEP) were defined at the site of injection and draining lymph node at 24 h post-vaccination. Kinome analysis indicates that PCEP induces a proinflammatory environment at the injection site, including activation of interferon and IL-6 signaling events. This is supported by the elevated expression of proinflammatory genes (IFNγ, IL-6 and TNFα) and the recruitment of myeloid (neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells) and lymphoid (CD4+, CD8+ and B) cells. Kinome analysis also indicates that PCEP’s mechanism of action is not limited to the injection site. Strong signaling responses to PCEP, but not alum, are observed at the draining lymph node where, in addition to proinflammatory signaling, PCEP activates responses associated with growth factor and erythropoietin stimulation. Coupled with the significant (p < 0.0001) recruitment of macrophages and dendritic cells to the lymph node by PCEP (but not alum) supports the systemic consequences of the adjuvant. Collectively, these results indicate that PCEP utilizes a complex, multi-faceted MOA and support the utility of kinome analysis to define cellular responses to adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Awate
- UVAXX Pte. Ltd., 203 Henderson Industrial Road, Singapore 159546, Singapore
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (E.S.); (G.M.); (S.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Erin Scruten
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (E.S.); (G.M.); (S.N.)
| | - George Mutwiri
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (E.S.); (G.M.); (S.N.)
- School of Public Health, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Scott Napper
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, 120 Veterinary Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; (E.S.); (G.M.); (S.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, 107 Wiggins Road, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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2
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Thiébaut R, Hejblum BP, Hocini H, Bonnabau H, Skinner J, Montes M, Lacabaratz C, Richert L, Palucka K, Banchereau J, Lévy Y. Gene Expression Signatures Associated With Immune and Virological Responses to Therapeutic Vaccination With Dendritic Cells in HIV-Infected Individuals. Front Immunol 2019; 10:874. [PMID: 31105698 PMCID: PMC6492565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of HIV therapeutic vaccination is to induce HIV-specific immune response able to control HIV replication. We previously reported that vaccination with ex vivo generated Dendritic Cells (DC) loaded with HIV-lipopeptides in HIV-infected patients (n = 19) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) was well-tolerated and immunogenic. Vaccine-elicited HIV-specific T cell responses were associated with improved control of viral replication following antiretroviral interruption (ATI from w24 to w48). We show an inverse relationship between HIV-specific responses (production of IL-2, IL-13, IL-21, IFN-g, CD4 polyfunctionality, i.e., production of at least two cytokines) and the peak of viral load during ATI. Here we have performed an integrative systems vaccinology analysis including: (i) post vaccination (w16) immune responses assessed by cytometry, cytokine secretion, and Interferon-γ ELISPOT assays; (ii) whole blood and cellular gene expression measured during vaccination; and (iii) viral parameters following ATI, with the objective to disentangle the relationships between these markers and to identify vaccine signatures. During vaccination, 69 gene expression modules out of 260 varied significantly including (by order of significance) modules related to inflammation (Chaussabel Modules M3.2, M4.13, M4.6, M5.7, M7.1, M4.2), plasma cells (M4.11) and T cells (M4.1, 4.15). Cellular immune responses were positively correlated to genes belonging to T cell functional modules (M4.1, M4.15) at w16 and negatively correlated to genes belonging to inflammation modules (M7.1, M5.7, M3.2, M4.13, M4.2). More specifically, we show that prolonged increased abundance of inflammatory gene pathways related to toll-like receptor signaling (especially TLR4) are associated with both lower vaccine immune responses and control of viral replication post ATI. Further comparison of DC vaccine gene signatures with previously reported non-HIV vaccine signatures, such as flu and pneumococcal vaccines, revealed common pathways across vaccines. Overall, these results show that too long duration and too high intensity of vaccine inflammatory responses hamper the magnitude of effector responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Thiébaut
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,INRIA, SISTM, Bordeaux, France.,VACCINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - VRI, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Boris P Hejblum
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,INRIA, SISTM, Bordeaux, France.,VACCINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - VRI, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Hakim Hocini
- VACCINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - VRI, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France.,INSERM, Unité U955, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955 Créteil, France
| | - Henri Bonnabau
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,INRIA, SISTM, Bordeaux, France.,VACCINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - VRI, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Jason Skinner
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Ralph Steinman Center for Cancer Vaccines, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Monica Montes
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Ralph Steinman Center for Cancer Vaccines, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Christine Lacabaratz
- VACCINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - VRI, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France.,INSERM, Unité U955, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955 Créteil, France
| | - Laura Richert
- Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR 1219, Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France.,INRIA, SISTM, Bordeaux, France.,VACCINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - VRI, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France
| | - Karolina Palucka
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Ralph Steinman Center for Cancer Vaccines, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jacques Banchereau
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Ralph Steinman Center for Cancer Vaccines, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yves Lévy
- VACCINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE - VRI, Groupe Henri-Mondor Albert-Chenevier, Créteil, France.,INSERM, Unité U955, Créteil, France.,Université Paris-Est, Faculté de Médecine, UMR-S 955 Créteil, France
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3
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Sander VA, Corigliano MG, Clemente M. Promising Plant-Derived Adjuvants in the Development of Coccidial Vaccines. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:20. [PMID: 30809529 PMCID: PMC6379251 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidial parasites cause medical and veterinary diseases worldwide, frequently leading to severe illness and important economic losses. At present, drugs, chemotherapeutics and prophylactic vaccines are still missing for most of the coccidial infections. Moreover, the development and administration of drugs and chemotherapeutics against these diseases would not be adequate in livestock, since they may generate unacceptable residues in milk and meat that would avoid their commercialization. In this scenario, prophylactic vaccines emerge as the most suitable approach. Subunit vaccines have proven to be biologically safe and economically viable, allowing researchers to choose among the best antigens against each pathogen. However, they are generally poorly immunogenic and require the addition of adjuvant compounds to the vaccine formulation. During the last decades, research involving plant immunomodulatory compounds has become an important field of study based on their potential pharmaceutical applications. Some plant molecules such as saponins, polysaccharides, lectins and heat shock proteins are being explored as candidates for adjuvant/carriers formulations. Moreover, plant-derived immune stimulatory compounds open the possibility to attain the main goal in adjuvant research: a safe and non-toxic adjuvant capable of strongly boosting and directing immune responses that could be incorporated into different vaccine formulations, including mucosal vaccines. Here, we review the immunomodulatory properties of several plant molecules and discuss their application and future perspective as adjuvants in the development of vaccines against coccidial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Sander
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECh), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Mariana G Corigliano
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECh), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Marina Clemente
- Unidad de Biotecnología 6-UB6, Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECh), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de General San Martín (UNSAM), Chascomús, Argentina
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4
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Raeven RHM, van Riet E, Meiring HD, Metz B, Kersten GFA. Systems vaccinology and big data in the vaccine development chain. Immunology 2018; 156:33-46. [PMID: 30317555 PMCID: PMC6283655 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systems vaccinology has proven a fascinating development in the last decade. Where traditionally vaccine development has been dominated by trial and error, systems vaccinology is a tool that provides novel and comprehensive understanding if properly used. Data sets retrieved from systems‐based studies endorse rational design and effective development of safe and efficacious vaccines. In this review we first describe different omics‐techniques that form the pillars of systems vaccinology. In the second part, the application of systems vaccinology in the different stages of vaccine development is described. Overall, this review shows that systems vaccinology has become an important tool anywhere in the vaccine development chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- René H M Raeven
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Elly van Riet
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo D Meiring
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Division of Biotherapeutics, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Mathan TSM, Textor J, Sköld AE, Reinieren-Beeren I, van Oorschot T, Brüning M, Figdor CG, Buschow SI, Bakdash G, de Vries IJM. Harnessing RNA sequencing for global, unbiased evaluation of two new adjuvants for dendritic-cell immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19879-19893. [PMID: 28186996 PMCID: PMC5386730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective stimulation of immune cells is crucial for the success of cancer immunotherapies. Current approaches to evaluate the efficiency of stimuli are mainly defined by known flow cytometry-based cell activation or cell maturation markers. This method however does not give a complete overview of the achieved activation state and may leave important side effects unnoticed. Here, we used an unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based approach to compare the capacity of four clinical-grade dendritic cell (DC) activation stimuli used to prepare DC-vaccines composed of various types of DC subsets; the already clinically applied GM-CSF and Frühsommer meningoencephalitis (FSME) prophylactic vaccine and the novel clinical grade adjuvants protamine-RNA complexes (pRNA) and CpG-P. We found that GM-CSF and pRNA had similar effects on their target cells, whereas pRNA and CpG-P induced stronger type I interferon (IFN) expression than FSME. In general, the pathways most affected by all stimuli were related to immune activity and cell migration. GM-CSF stimulation, however, also induced a significant increase of genes related to nonsense-mediated decay, indicating a possible deleterious effect of this stimulus. Taken together, the two novel stimuli appear to be promising alternatives. Our study demonstrates how RNA-seq based investigation of changes in a large number of genes and gene groups can be exploited for fast and unbiased, global evaluation of clinical-grade stimuli, as opposed to the general limited evaluation of a pre-specified set of genes, by which one might miss important biological effects that are detrimental for vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till S M Mathan
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annette E Sköld
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inge Reinieren-Beeren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van Oorschot
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja I Buschow
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ghaith Bakdash
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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6
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Chen WA, Zhang J, Hall KM, Martin CB, Kisselev S, Dasen EJ, Vahanian NN, Link CJ, Martin BK. Addition of αGal HyperAcute™ technology to recombinant avian influenza vaccines induces strong low-dose antibody responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182683. [PMID: 28787006 PMCID: PMC5546595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza represents a severe public health threat. Over the last decade, the demand for highly efficacious vaccines against avian influenza viruses has grown, especially after the 2013 H7N9 outbreak in China that resulted in over 600 human cases with over 200 deaths. Currently, there are several H5N1 and H7N9 influenza vaccines in clinical trials, all of which employ traditional oil-in-water adjuvants due to the poor immunogenicity of avian influenza virus antigens. In this study, we developed potent recombinant avian influenza vaccine candidates using HyperAcute™ Technology, which takes advantage of naturally-acquired anti-αGal immunity in humans. We successfully generated αGal-positive recombinant protein and virus-like particle vaccine candidates of H5N1 and H7N9 influenza strains using either biological or our novel CarboLink chemical αGal modification techniques. Strikingly, two doses of 100 ng αGal-modified vaccine, with no traditional adjuvant, was able to induce a much stronger humoral response in αGT BALB/c knockout mice (the only experimental system readily available for testing αGal in vivo) than unmodified vaccines even at 10-fold higher dose (1000 ng/dose). Our data strongly suggest that αGal modification significantly enhances the humoral immunogenicity of the recombinant influenza vaccine candidates. Use of αGal HyperAcute™ technology allows significant dose-sparing while retaining desired immunogenicity. Our success in the development of highly potent H5N1 and H7N9 vaccine candidates demonstrated the potential of αGal HyperAcute™ technology for the development of vaccines against other infectious diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Galactosyltransferases/deficiency
- Galactosyltransferases/genetics
- Gene Knockout Techniques
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/chemistry
- Influenza Vaccines/genetics
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlan Alex Chen
- NewLink Genetics Corp., Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WAC); (BKM)
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- NewLink Genetics Corp., Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Katie M. Hall
- NewLink Genetics Corp., Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carol B. Martin
- NewLink Genetics Corp., Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Emily J. Dasen
- NewLink Genetics Corp., Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | | | - Charles J. Link
- NewLink Genetics Corp., Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Brian K. Martin
- NewLink Genetics Corp., Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail: (WAC); (BKM)
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7
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Domingos-Pereira S, Hojeij R, Reggi E, Derré L, Chevalier MF, Romero P, Jichlinski P, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Local Salmonella immunostimulation recruits vaccine-specific CD8 T cells and increases regression of bladder tumor. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1016697. [PMID: 26140240 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1016697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of antitumoral responses can be increased using combinatorial vaccine strategies. We recently showed that vaccination could be optimized by local administration of diverse molecular or bacterial agents to target and augment antitumoral CD8 T cells in the genital mucosa (GM) and increase regression of cervical cancer in an animal model. Non muscle-invasive bladder cancer is another disease that is easily amenable to local therapies. In contrast to data obtained in the GM, in this study we show that intravesical (IVES) instillation of synthetic toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists only modestly induced recruitment of CD8 T cells to the bladder. However, IVES administration of Ty21a, a live bacterial vaccine against typhoid fever, was much more effective and increased the number of total and vaccine-specific CD8 T cells in the bladder approximately 10 fold. Comparison of chemokines induced in the bladder by either CpG (a TLR-9 agonist) or Ty21a highlighted the preferential increase in complement component 5a, CXCL5, CXCL2, CCL8, and CCL5 by Ty21a, suggesting their involvement in the attraction of T cells to the bladder. IVES treatment with Ty21a after vaccination also significantly increased tumor regression compared to vaccination alone, resulting in 90% survival in an orthotopic murine model of bladder cancer expressing a prototype tumor antigen. Our data demonstrate that combining vaccination with local immunostimulation may be an effective treatment strategy for different types of cancer and also highlight the great potential of the Ty21a vaccine, which is routinely used worldwide, in such combinatorial therapies.
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Key Words
- BCG, Bacillus Calmette Guerin
- BMDC, bone marrow-derived dendritic cell
- C5a, complement component 5a
- ESL, E-selectin ligands
- GM, genital mucosa
- IVAG, intravaginal
- IVES, intravesical
- NMIBC, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PE, phycoerythrin
- PIC, poly (I:C)
- SEM, standard error of the mean
- Salmonella Ty21a
- TLR, toll-like receptor
- TUR, transurethral resection
- bacterial immunostimulant
- bladder cancer
- combinatorial therapy
- s.c., subcutaneously
- therapeutic vaccination
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rim Hojeij
- Dept. Urology; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erica Reggi
- Dept. Urology; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Dept. Urology; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Research of University of Lausanne ; Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Dept. Urology; Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV); Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Olafsdottir T, Lindqvist M, Harandi AM. Molecular signatures of vaccine adjuvants. Vaccine 2015; 33:5302-7. [PMID: 25989447 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mass vaccination has saved millions of human lives and improved the quality of life in both developing and developed countries. The emergence of new pathogens and inadequate protection conferred by some of the existing vaccines such as vaccines for tuberculosis, influenza and pertussis especially in certain age groups have resulted in a move from empirically developed vaccines toward more pathogen tailored and rationally engineered vaccines. A deeper understanding of the interaction of innate and adaptive immunity at molecular level enables the development of vaccines that selectively target certain type of immune responses without excessive reactogenicity. Adjuvants constitute an imperative element of modern vaccines. Although a variety of candidate adjuvants have been evaluated in the past few decades, only a limited number of vaccine adjuvants are currently available for human use. A better understanding of the mode of action of adjuvants is pivotal to harness the potential of existing and new adjuvants in shaping a desired immune response. Recent advancement in systems biology powered by the emerging cutting edge omics technology has led to the identification of molecular signatures rapidly induced after vaccination in the blood that correlate and predict a later protective immune response or vaccine safety. This can pave ways to prospectively determine the potency and safety of vaccines and adjuvants. This review is intended to highlight the importance of big data analysis in advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of actions of adjuvants to inform rational development of future human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorunn Olafsdottir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madelene Lindqvist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 7A, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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9
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Gursel M, Klinman DM. Use of CpG Oligonucleotides as Mucosal Adjuvants. Mucosal Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415847-4.00062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Schaefer K, Brown N, Kaye PM, Lacey CJ. Cervico-vaginal immunoglobulin G levels increase post-ovulation independently of neutrophils. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114824. [PMID: 25479383 PMCID: PMC4257712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is often higher in females than in males. Although the reproductive cycle profoundly modulates local immunity in the female reproductive tract (FRT) system, significant gaps in our knowledge of the immunobiology of the FRT still exist. An intriguing and frequently observed characteristic of the FRT is the predominant presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G in cervico-vaginal secretions. We show here that in the mouse, IgG accumulation was enhanced approximately 5-fold post-ovulation, and was accompanied by an influx of neutrophils into the FRT. To determine whether these two events were causally related, we performed short-term neutrophil depletion experiments at individual stages throughout the estrous cycle. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils were not necessary for cycle-dependent tissue remodeling and cycle progression and that cycle-dependent IgG accumulation occurred independent of neutrophils. We thus conclude that neutrophil influx and IgG accumulation are independent events that occur in the FRT during the reproductive cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrein Schaefer
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Najmeeyah Brown
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Kaye
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Charles J. Lacey
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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11
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Dalençon F. Modern Vaccine Adjuvant/Formulation--Session 9: Adjuvants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2013-4. [PMID: 23938771 DOI: 10.4161/hv.26074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Session 9 of the Modern Vaccine Adjuvant/Formulation meeting pointed out the permanent need for vaccine improvement and for adjuvant development. Indeed, the increasing use of recombinant subunit vaccines for both parenteral and mucosal vaccination necessitates the development of improved adjuvants. This session dealt with strategies for the development of new vaccine adjuvants with respect to the availability of new molecules targeting specifically the receptors of the systemic or mucosal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Dalençon
- Discovery Department; Sanofi Pasteur; Campus Mérieux; Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Poland GA, Kennedy RB, McKinney BA, Ovsyannikova IG, Lambert ND, Jacobson RM, Oberg AL. Vaccinomics, adversomics, and the immune response network theory: individualized vaccinology in the 21st century. Semin Immunol 2013; 25:89-103. [PMID: 23755893 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines, like drugs and medical procedures, are increasingly amenable to individualization or personalization, often based on novel data resulting from high throughput "omics" technologies. As a result of these technologies, 21st century vaccinology will increasingly see the abandonment of a "one size fits all" approach to vaccine dosing and delivery, as well as the abandonment of the empiric "isolate-inactivate-inject" paradigm for vaccine development. In this review, we discuss the immune response network theory and its application to the new field of vaccinomics and adversomics, and illustrate how vaccinomics can lead to new vaccine candidates, new understandings of how vaccines stimulate immune responses, new biomarkers for vaccine response, and facilitate the understanding of what genetic and other factors might be responsible for rare side effects due to vaccines. Perhaps most exciting will be the ability, at a systems biology level, to integrate increasingly complex high throughput data into descriptive and predictive equations for immune responses to vaccines. Herein, we discuss the above with a view toward the future of vaccinology.
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Domingos-Pereira S, Decrausaz L, Derré L, Bobst M, Romero P, Schiller JT, Jichlinski P, Nardelli-Haefliger D. Intravaginal TLR agonists increase local vaccine-specific CD8 T cells and human papillomavirus-associated genital-tumor regression in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:393-404. [PMID: 22968420 PMCID: PMC3573262 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV)-related cervical cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Despite active development, HPV E6/E7 oncogene-specific therapeutic vaccines have had limited clinical efficacy to date. Here, we report that intravaginal (IVAG) instillation of CpG-ODN (TLR9 agonist) or poly-(I:C) (TLR3 agonist) after subcutaneous E7 vaccination increased ~fivefold the number of vaccine-specific interferon-γ-secreting CD8 T cells in the genital mucosa (GM) of mice, without affecting the E7-specific systemic response. The IVAG treatment locally increased both E7-specific and total CD8 T cells, but not CD4 T cells. This previously unreported selective recruitment of CD8 T cells from the periphery by IVAG CpG-ODN or poly-(I:C) was mediated by TLR9 and TLR3/melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 signaling pathways, respectively. For CpG, this recruitment was associated with a higher proportion of GM-localized CD8 T cells expressing both CCR5 and CXCR3 chemokine receptors and E-selectin ligands. Most interestingly, IVAG CpG-ODN following vaccination led to complete regression of large genital HPV tumors in 75% of mice, instead of 20% with vaccination alone. These findings suggest that mucosal application of immunostimulatory molecules might substantially increase the effectiveness of parenterally administered vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Domingos-Pereira
- Dpt. Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Loane Decrausaz
- Dpt. Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Derré
- Dpt. Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Bobst
- Dpt. Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Romero
- Ludwig Center for Cancer, Research of the University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John T. Schiller
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, NIH Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrice Jichlinski
- Dpt. Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denise Nardelli-Haefliger
- Dpt. Urology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Infectious diseases are responsible for an overwhelming number of deaths worldwide and their clinical management is often hampered by the emergence of multi-drug-resistant strains. Therefore, prevention through vaccination currently represents the best course of action to combat them. However, immune escape and evasion by pathogens often render vaccine development difficult. Furthermore, most currently available vaccines were empirically designed. In this review, we discuss why rational design of vaccines is not only desirable but also necessary. We introduce recent developments towards specifically tailored antigens, adjuvants, and delivery systems, and discuss the methodological gaps and lack of knowledge still hampering true rational vaccine design. Finally, we address the potential and limitations of different strategies and technologies for advancing vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rueckert
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carlos A. Guzmán
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Vecchiarelli A, Pericolini E, Gabrielli E, Pietrella D. New approaches in the development of a vaccine for mucosal candidiasis: progress and challenges. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:294. [PMID: 22905033 PMCID: PMC3417234 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The commensal fungus Candida albicans causes mucosal candidiasis in the rapidly expanding number of immunocompromised patients. Mucosal candidiasis includes oropharyngeal, esophageal, gastrointestinal, and vaginal infections. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and antimycotic-refractory recurrent VVC is a frequent problem in healthy childbearing women. Both these mucosal infections can affect the quality of life and finding new therapeutical and preventive approaches is a challenge. A vaccine against candidal infections would be a new important tool to prevent and/or cure mucosal candidiasis and would be of benefit to many patients. Several Candida antigens have been proposed as vaccine candidates including cell wall components and virulence factors. Here we discuss the recent progress and problems associated with vaccination against mucosal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vecchiarelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia Perugia, Italy.
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Abstract
Vaccines are the most effective tools to prevent infectious diseases and to minimize their impact on humans or animals. Despite the successful development of vaccines that are able to elicit potent and protective immune responses, the majority of vaccines have been so far developed empirically and mechanistic events leading to protective immune responses are often poorly understood. This hampers the development of new prophylactic as well as therapeutic vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. Biological correlates of immune‐mediated protection are currently based on standard readout such as antibody titres and ELISPOT assays. The development of successful vaccines for difficult settings, such as infectious agents leading to chronic infection (HIV, HCV. . .) or cancer, calls for novel ‘readout systems’ or ‘correlates’ of immune‐mediated protection that would reliably predict immune responses to novel vaccines in vivo. Systems biology offers a new approach to vaccine design that is based upon understanding the molecular network mobilized by vaccination. Systems vaccinology approaches investigate more global correlates of successful vaccination, beyond the specific immune response to the antigens administered, providing new methods for measuring early vaccine efficacy and ultimately generating hypotheses for understanding the mechanisms that underlie successful immunogenicity. Using functional genomics, specific molecular signatures of individual vaccine can be identified and used as predictors of vaccination efficiency. The immune response to vaccination involves the coordinated induction of master transcription factors that leads to the development of a broad, polyfunctional and persistent immune response integrating all effector cells of the immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Six
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7211, F-75013 Paris, France.
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