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Royle TCA, Guiry EJ, Zhang H, Clark LT, Missal SM, Rabinow SA, James M, Yang DY. Documenting the short-tailed albatross ( Phoebastria albatrus) clades historically present in British Columbia, Canada, through ancient DNA analysis of archaeological specimens. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9116. [PMID: 35923939 PMCID: PMC9339763 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The short-tailed albatross (Phoebastria albatrus) is a threatened seabird whose present-day range encompasses much of the North Pacific. Within this species, there are two genetic clades (Clades 1 and 2) that have distinctive morphologies and foraging ecologies. Due to a global population collapse in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the frequency of these clades among the short-tailed albatross population that historically foraged off British Columbia, Canada, is unclear. To document the species' historical genetic structure in British Columbia, we applied ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis to 51 archaeological short-tailed albatross specimens from the Yuquot site (Borden site number: DjSp-1) that span the past four millennia. We obtained a 141 bp cytochrome b sequence from 43 of the 51 (84.3%) analyzed specimens. Analyses of these sequences indicate 40 of the specimens belong to Clade 1, while 2 belong to Clade 2. We also identified a single specimen with a novel cytochrome b haplotype. Our results indicate that during the past four millennia most of the short-tailed albatrosses foraging near Yuquot belonged to Clade 1, while individuals from other lineages made more limited use of the area. Comparisons with the results of previous aDNA analyses of archaeological albatrosses from Japanese sites suggest the distribution of Clades 1 and 2 differed. While both albatross clades foraged extensively in the Northwest Pacific, Clade 1 albatrosses appear to have foraged along the west coast of Vancouver Island to a greater extent. Due to their differing distributions, these clades may be exposed to different threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. A. Royle
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of ArchaeologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Eric. J. Guiry
- School of Archaeology and Ancient HistoryUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
- Department of AnthropologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hua Zhang
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of ArchaeologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Lauren T. Clark
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of ArchaeologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Shalegh M. Missal
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of ArchaeologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Sophie A. Rabinow
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of ArchaeologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of ArchaeologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Margaretta James
- Land of Maquinna Cultural SocietyMowachaht/Muchalaht First NationTsaxana (Gold River)British ColumbiaCanada
| | - Dongya Y. Yang
- Ancient DNA Laboratory, Department of ArchaeologySimon Fraser UniversityBurnabyBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Afouda P, Dubourg G, Raoult D. Archeomicrobiology applied to environmental samples. Microb Pathog 2020; 143:104140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Verry AJF, Scarsbrook L, Scofield RP, Tennyson AJD, Weston KA, Robertson BC, Rawlence NJ. Who, Where, What, Wren? Using Ancient DNA to Examine the Veracity of Museum Specimen Data: A Case Study of the New Zealand Rock Wren (Xenicus gilviventris). Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Root and root canal diversity in human permanent maxillary first premolars and upper/lower first molars from a 14th-17th and 18th-19th century Radom population. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104603. [PMID: 31835191 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess whether analyzed groups from two historical periods: Late Medieval (LMP), and Modern (MP) from Radom varied in the number of tooth roots and root canal system morphology. METHODS Root morphology of 229 permanent human teeth were analyzed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Additionally, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 29 individuals from the LMP and 31 from the MP was analyzed. RESULTS In LMP, the maxillary first premolars were dominated by one root, while in MP second and third roots also appeared. Maxillary first molars in LMP presented three roots, while two-rooted forms occurred in MP. All mandibular first molars from the LMP and almost all (98%) from MP presented two roots. The greatest diversity in terms of root canal number occurred in one-rooted maxillary first premolars, the mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molars, and the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first molars in both groups. A few haplogroups from outside Europe (C, N, and R) were recorded in the MP Radom population. Moreover, this population had substantially higher haplogroup diversity compared with the LMP population. CONCLUSION Odontological research indicates an increase in the diversity in the number of roots and the shape of root canals in MP. This information corresponds to genetic research, which also indicates an increase in the diversity of haplogroups during the MP.
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Lewandowska M, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Płoszaj T, Witas P, Zamerska A, Mańkowska-Pliszka H, Witas HW. Searching for signals of recent natural selection in genes of the innate immune response - ancient DNA study. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 63:62-72. [PMID: 29763671 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen sharp progress in the field of human evolutionary genetics and a great amount of genetic evidence of natural selection has been provided so far. Since host-pathogen co-evolution is difficult to trace due to the polygenic nature of human susceptibility to microbial diseases, of particular interest is any signal of natural selection in response to the strong selective pressure exerted by pathogens. Analysis of ancient DNA allows for the direct insight into changes of a gene pool content over time and enables monitoring allele frequency fluctuations. Among pathogenic agents, mycobacteria are proved to have remained in an intimate, long-lasting relation with humans, reflected by the current high level of host resistance. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of several polymorphisms within innate immune response genes related to susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (in SLC11A1, MBL2, TLR2, P2RX7, IL10, TNFA) in time series data from North and East Poland (1st-18th century AD, n = 207). The comparison of allele frequencies over time revealed a predominant role of genetic drift in shaping past gene pool of small, probably isolated groups, which was explained by the high level of population differentiation and limited gene flow. However, the trajectory of frequency fluctuations of two SNPs suggested the possibility of their non-neutral evolution and the results of applied forward simulations further strengthened the hypothesis of natural selection acting on those loci. However, we observed an unusual excess of homozygosity in the profile of several SNPs, which pinpoints to the necessity of further research on temporally and spatially diverse samples to support our inference on non-stochastic evolution, ideally employing pathway-based approaches. Nevertheless, our study confirms that time series data could help to decipher very recent human adaptation to life-threatening pathogens and assisting demographic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Lewandowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Krystyna Jędrychowska-Dańska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płoszaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Witas
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Alicja Zamerska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Hanna Mańkowska-Pliszka
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Henryk W Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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Osipowicz G, Witas H, Lisowska-Gaczorek A, Reitsema L, Szostek K, Płoszaj T, Kuriga J, Makowiecki D, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Cienkosz-Stepańczak B. Origin of the ornamented bâton percé from the Gołębiewo site 47 as a trigger of discussion on long-distance exchange among Early Mesolithic communities of Central Poland and Northern Europe. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184560. [PMID: 28977014 PMCID: PMC5627898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This article describes evidence for contact and exchange among Mesolithic communities in Poland and Scandinavia, based on the interdisciplinary analysis of an ornamented bâton percé from Gołębiewo site 47 (Central Poland). Typological and chronological-cultural analyses show the artefact to be most likely produced in the North European Plain, during the Boreal period. Carbon-14 dating confirms the antiquity of the artefact. Ancient DNA analysis shows the artefact to be of Rangifer tarandus antler. Following this species designation, a dispersion analysis of Early-Holocene reindeer remains in Europe was conducted, showing this species to exist only in northern Scandinavia and north-western Russia in this period. Therefore, the bâton from Gołębiewo constitutes the youngest reindeer remains in the European Plain and south-western Scandinavia known to date. An attempt was made to determine the biogeographic region from which the antler used to produce the artefact originates from. To this end, comprehensive δ18O, δ13C and δ15N isotope analyses were performed. North Karelia and South Lapland were determined as the most probable regions in terms of isotopic data, results which correspond to the known distribution range of Rangifer tarandus at this time. In light of these finds, the likelihood of contact between Scandinavia and Central Europe in Early Holocene is evaluated. The bâton percé from Gołębiewo is likely key evidence for long-distance exchange during the Boreal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Osipowicz
- Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Henryk Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | | | - Laurie Reitsema
- Bioarcheology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Krzysztof Szostek
- Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płoszaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Justyna Kuriga
- Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Daniel Makowiecki
- Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
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Rott A, Turner N, Scholz U, von Heyking K, Immler F, Peters J, Haberstroh J, Harbeck M. Early medieval stone-lined graves in Southern Germany: analysis of an emerging noble class. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 162:794-809. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Rott
- State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; SNSB; Munich 80333 Germany
| | - Nils Turner
- Department Biology I, Anthropology and Environmental History; LMU Munich; Planegg-Martinsried 82152 Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joris Peters
- State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; SNSB; Munich 80333 Germany
- LMU Munich, Department of Veterinary Sciences; Institute of Palaeoanatomy, Domestication Research and History of Veterinary Medicine; Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Jochen Haberstroh
- Bavarian State Department of Monuments and Sites; Munich 80539 Germany
| | - Michaela Harbeck
- State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; SNSB; Munich 80333 Germany
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GUARINO FM, BUCCELLI C, GRAZIANO V, LA PORTA P, MEZZASALMA M, ODIERNA G, PATERNOSTER M, PETRONE P. Recovery and amplification of ancient DNA from Herculaneum victims killed by the 79 AD Vesuvius hot surges. Turk J Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.3906/biy-1702-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Lewandowska M, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Zamerska A, Płoszaj T, Witas HW. The genetic profile of susceptibility to infectious diseases in Roman-Period populations from Central Poland. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 47:1-8. [PMID: 27847329 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For thousands of years human beings have resisted life-threatening pathogens. This ongoing battle is considered to be the major force shaping our gene pool as every micro-evolutionary process provokes specific shifts in the genome, both that of the host and the pathogen. Past populations were more susceptible to changes in allele frequencies not only due to selection pressure, but also as a result of genetic drift, migration and inbreeding. In the present study we have investigated the frequency of five polymorphisms within innate immune-response genes (SLC11A1 D543N, MBL2 G161A, P2RX7 A1513C, IL10 A-1082G, TLR2 -196 to -174 ins/del) related to susceptibility to infections in humans. The DNA of individuals from two early Roman-Period populations of Linowo and Rogowo was analysed. The distribution of three mutations varied significantly when compared to the modern Polish population. The TAFT analysis suggests that the decreased frequency of SLC11A1 D543N in modern Poles as compared to 2nd century Linowo samples is the result of non-stochastic mechanisms, such as purifying or balancing selection. The disparity in frequency of other mutations is most likely the result of genetic drift, an evolutionary force which is remarkably amplified in low-size groups. Together with the FST analysis, mtDNA haplotypes' distribution and deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, we suggest that the two populations were not interbreeding (despite the close proximity between them), but rather inbreeding, the results of which are particularly pronounced among Rogowo habitants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Lewandowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-136, Poland.
| | - Krystyna Jędrychowska-Dańska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-136, Poland
| | - Alicja Zamerska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-136, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płoszaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-136, Poland
| | - Henryk W Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Education, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-136, Poland
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Russo MG, Mendisco F, Avena SA, Dejean CB, Seldes V. Pre-Hispanic Mortuary Practices in Quebrada de Humahuaca (North-Western Argentina): Genetic Relatedness among Individuals Buried in the Same Grave. Ann Hum Genet 2016; 80:210-20. [PMID: 27346733 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Almost all pre-Hispanic societies from Quebrada de Humahuaca (north-western Argentina) buried their defuncts in domestic areas, demonstrating the importance of death and its daily presence among the living. Presumably, the collective graves contained related individuals, a hypothesis that can be tested through the study of ancient DNA. This study analyzes autosomal and uniparental genetic markers in individuals from two archaeological sites in Quebrada de Humahuaca occupied during the Late Formative (1450-1050 BP) and Regional Developments I (1050-700 BP) periods. Mitochondrial and Y-chromosome haplotypes were compared in order to establish possible maternal and paternal relatedness. Genotypes for 15 autosomal STRs were used to calculate pairwise relatedness coefficients and pedigree probabilities. High kinship levels among individuals buried in the same graves were found in both sites. Although only two particular cases were analyzed, these results represent an important contribution to the study of mortuary practices in the region by means of ancient DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gabriela Russo
- Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, CEBBAD, Equipo de Antropología Biológica, Fundación Azara, Hidalgo 775, CP 1405, Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fanny Mendisco
- University Paul Sabatier, AMIS, CNRS, UMR 5288, F-31073, Toulouse, France
| | - Sergio A Avena
- Universidad Maimónides, CONICET, CEBBAD, Equipo de Antropología Biológica, Fundación Azara, Hidalgo 775, CP 1405, Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Sección de Antropología Biológica, ICA, FFyL, UBA, Puán 480, CP 1405, Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina B Dejean
- Sección de Antropología Biológica, ICA, FFyL, UBA, Puán 480, CP 1405, Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Maimónides, CEBBAD, Equipo de Antropología Biológica, Fundación Azara, Hidalgo 775, CP 1405, Ciudad Autónoma de, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica Seldes
- UBA, CONICET, Instituto Interdisciplinario Tilcara, FFyL, Belgrano 445, CP 4624, Tilcara, Jujuy, Argentina
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Płoszaj T, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Masłowska A, Kozłowski T, Chudziak W, Bojarski J, Robaszkiewicz A, Witas HW. Analysis of medieval mtDNA from Napole cemetery provides new insights into the early history of Polish state. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:91-94. [PMID: 26856190 DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2016.1151550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Contemporary historical anthropology and classical archaeology are concerned not only with such fundamental issues as the origins of ancient human populations and migration routes, but also with the formation and development of inter-population relations and the mixing of gene pools as a result of inter-breeding between individuals representing different cultural units. The contribution of immigrants to the analysed autochthonous population and their effect on the gene pool of that population has proven difficult to evaluate with classical morphological methods. The burial of one individual in the studied Napole cemetery located in central Poland had the form of a chamber grave, which is typical of Scandinavian culture from that period. However, this fact cannot be interpreted as absolute proof that the individual (in the biological sense) was allochtonous. This gives rise to the question as to who was actually buried in that cemetery. The ancient DNA results indicate that one of the individuals had an mtDNA haplotype typical of Iron Age northern Europe, which suggests that he could have arrived from that area at a later period. This seems to indirectly confirm the claims of many anthropologists that the development of the early medieval Polish state was significantly and directly influenced by the Scandinavians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Płoszaj
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Medical University of Łódź , Łódź , Poland
| | | | - Alicja Masłowska
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Medical University of Łódź , Łódź , Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozłowski
- b Department of Anthropology , Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Wojciech Chudziak
- c Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | - Jacek Bojarski
- c Institute of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University , Toruń , Poland
| | | | - Henryk W Witas
- a Department of Molecular Biology , Medical University of Łódź , Łódź , Poland
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Palencia-Madrid L, de Pancorbo MM. Next generation sequencing as a suitable analysis for authentication of degraded and ancient DNA. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Salmon represented a critical resource for prehistoric foragers along the North Pacific Rim, and continue to be economically and culturally important; however, the origins of salmon exploitation remain unresolved. Here we report 11,500-y-old salmon associated with a cooking hearth and human burials from the Upward Sun River Site, near the modern extreme edge of salmon habitat in central Alaska. This represents the earliest known human use of salmon in North America. Ancient DNA analyses establish the species as Oncorhynchus keta (chum salmon), and stable isotope analyses indicate anadromy, suggesting that salmon runs were established by at least the terminal Pleistocene. The early use of this resource has important implications for Paleoindian land use, economy, and expansions into northwest North America.
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Mitochondrial DNA genetic diversity and LCT-13910 and deltaF508 CFTR alleles typing in the medieval sample from Poland. HOMO-JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE HUMAN BIOLOGY 2015; 66:229-50. [PMID: 25896719 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We attempted to confirm the resemblance of a local medieval population and to reconstruct their contribution to the formation of the modern Polish population at the DNA level. The HVR I mtDNA sequence and two nuclear alleles, LCT-13910C/T SNP and deltaF508 CFTR, were chosen as markers since the distribution of selected nuclear alleles varies among ethnic groups. A total of 47 specimens were selected from a medieval cemetery in Cedynia (located in the western Polish lowland). Regarding the HVR I profile, the analyzed population differed from the present-day population (P = 0.045, F(st) = 0.0103), in contrast to lactase persistence (LP) based on the LCT-13910T allele, thus indicating the lack of notable frequency changes of this allele during the last millennium (P = 0.141). The sequence of the HVR I mtDNA fragment allowed to identify six major haplogroups including H, U5, T, K, and HV0 within the medieval population of Cedynia which are common in today's central Europe. An analysis of haplogroup frequency and its comparison with modern European populations shows that the studied medieval population is more closely related to Finno-Ugric populations than to the present Polish population. Identification of less common haplogroups, i.e., Z and U2, both atypical of the modern Polish population and of Asian origin, provides evidence for some kind of connections between the studied and foreign populations. Furthermore, a comparison of the available aDNA sequences from medieval Europe suggests that populations differed from one another and a number of data from other locations are required to find out more about the features of the medieval gene pool profile.
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Witas HW, Płoszaj T, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Witas PJ, Masłowska A, Jerszyńska B, Kozłowski T, Osipowicz G. Hunting for the LCT-13910*T allele between the Middle Neolithic and the Middle Ages suggests its absence in dairying LBK people entering the Kuyavia region in the 8th millennium BP. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122384. [PMID: 25853887 PMCID: PMC4390234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations from two medieval sites in Central Poland, Stary Brześć Kujawski-4 (SBK-4) and Gruczno, represented high level of lactase persistence (LP) as followed by the LCT-13910*T allele’s presence (0.86 and 0.82, respectively). It was twice as high as in contemporaneous Cedynia (0.4) and Śródka (0.43), both located outside the region, higher than in modern inhabitants of Poland (0.51) and almost as high as in modern Swedish population (0.9). In an attempt to explain the observed differences its frequency changes in time were followed between the Middle Neolithic and the Late Middle Ages in successive dairying populations on a relatively small area (radius ∼60km) containing the two sites. The introduction of the T allele to Kuyavia 7.4 Ka BP by dairying LBK people is not likely, as suggested by the obtained data. It has not been found in any of Neolithic samples dated between 6.3 and 4.5 Ka BP. The identified frequency profile indicates that both the introduction and the beginning of selection could have taken place approx. 4 millennia after first LBK people arrived in the region, shifting the value of LP frequency from 0 to more than 0.8 during less than 130 generations. We hypothesize that the selection process of the T allele was rather rapid, starting just after its introduction into already milking populations and operated via high rates of fertility and mortality on children after weaning through life-threatening conditions, favoring lactose-tolerant individuals. Facing the lack of the T allele in people living on two great European Neolithization routes, the Danubian and Mediterranean ones, and based on its high frequency in northern Iberia, its presence in Scandinavia and estimated occurrence in Central Poland, we propose an alternative Northern Route of its spreading as very likely. None of the successfully identified nuclear alleles turned out to be deltaF508 CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk W. Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Tomasz Płoszaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Piotr J. Witas
- Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Alicja Masłowska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Kozłowski
- Department of Anthropology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Osipowicz
- Department of Archaeology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Keller M, Rott A, Hoke N, Schwarzberg H, Regner-Kamlah B, Harbeck M, Wahl J. United in death-related by blood? Genetic and archeometric analyses of skeletal remains from the neolithic earthwork bruchsal-aue. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:458-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Keller
- Anthropology and Environmental History; Department Biology I; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; D-82152 Martinsried Germany
| | - Andreas Rott
- Department of Anthropology; State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; D-80333 Munich Germany
| | - Nadja Hoke
- Anthropology and Environmental History; Department Biology I; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; D-82152 Martinsried Germany
- Department of Anthropology; State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; D-80333 Munich Germany
| | - Heiner Schwarzberg
- Department of Prehistory; Bavarian State Archaeological Collection; D-80538 Munich Germany
| | - Birgit Regner-Kamlah
- Department of Archaeological Heritage Management 84.2; State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, State Regional Authority Stuttgart; D-76133 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michaela Harbeck
- Department of Anthropology; State Collection for Anthropology and Palaeoanatomy; D-80333 Munich Germany
| | - Joachim Wahl
- Department of Archaeological Heritage Management 84.1; State Office for Cultural Heritage Management Baden-Württemberg, State Regional Authority Stuttgart; D-78467 Constance Germany
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Lorkiewicz W, Płoszaj T, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Żądzińska E, Strapagiel D, Haduch E, Szczepanek A, Grygiel R, Witas HW. Between the Baltic and Danubian Worlds: the genetic affinities of a Middle Neolithic population from central Poland. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118316. [PMID: 25714361 PMCID: PMC4340919 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, anthropological and genetic research on the Neolithic revolution in Europe was mainly concentrated on the mechanism of agricultural dispersal over different parts of the continent. Recently, attention has shifted towards population processes that occurred after the arrival of the first farmers, transforming the genetically very distinctive early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (LBK) and Mesolithic forager populations into present-day Central Europeans. The latest studies indicate that significant changes in this respect took place within the post-Linear Pottery cultures of the Early and Middle Neolithic which were a bridge between the allochthonous LBK and the first indigenous Neolithic culture of north-central Europe--the Funnel Beaker culture (TRB). The paper presents data on mtDNA haplotypes of a Middle Neolithic population dated to 4700/4600-4100/4000 BC belonging to the Brześć Kujawski Group of the Lengyel culture (BKG) from the Kuyavia region in north-central Poland. BKG communities constituted the border of the "Danubian World" in this part of Europe for approx. seven centuries, neighboring foragers of the North European Plain and the southern Baltic basin. MtDNA haplogroups were determined in 11 individuals, and four mtDNA macrohaplogroups were found (H, U5, T, and HV0). The overall haplogroup pattern did not deviate from other post-Linear Pottery populations from central Europe, although a complete lack of N1a and the presence of U5a are noteworthy. Of greatest importance is the observed link between the BKG and the TRB horizon, confirmed by an independent analysis of the craniometric variation of Mesolithic and Neolithic populations inhabiting central Europe. Estimated phylogenetic pattern suggests significant contribution of the post-Linear BKG communities to the origin of the subsequent Middle Neolithic cultures, such as the TRB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław Lorkiewicz
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płoszaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Żądzińska
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Haduch
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anita Szczepanek
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Henryk W. Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Marciniak S, Klunk J, Devault A, Enk J, Poinar HN. Ancient human genomics: the methodology behind reconstructing evolutionary pathways. J Hum Evol 2015; 79:21-34. [PMID: 25601038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has radically altered approaches to human evolutionary research. Recent contributions highlight that HTS is able to reach depths of the human lineage previously thought to be impossible. In this paper, we outline the methodological advances afforded by recent developments in DNA recovery, data output, scalability, speed, and resolution of the current sequencing technology. We review and critically evaluate the 'DNA pipeline' for ancient samples: from DNA extraction, to constructing immortalized sequence libraries, to enrichment strategies (e.g., polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and hybridization capture), and finally, to bioinformatic analyses of sequence data. We argue that continued evaluations and improvements to this process are essential to ensure sequence data validity. Also, we highlight the role of contamination and authentication in ancient DNA-HTS, which is particularly relevant to ancient human genomics, since sequencing the genomes of hominins such as Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis may soon be within the realm of possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Marciniak
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Klunk
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada; Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alison Devault
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada; MYcroarray, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jacob Enk
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada; Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; MYcroarray, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hendrik N Poinar
- McMaster Ancient DNA Centre, Department of Anthropology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L9, Canada; Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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19
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Barta JL, Monroe C, Crockford SJ, Kemp BM. Mitochondrial DNA preservation across 3000-year-old northern fur seal ribs is not related to bone density: Implications for forensic investigations. Forensic Sci Int 2014; 239:11-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Brian M. Kemp, Misa Winters, Cara Monroe, Jodi Lynn Barta. How Much DNA Is Lost? Measuring DNA Loss of Short-Tandem-Repeat Length Fragments Targeted by the PowerPlex 16® System Using the Qiagen MinElute Purification Kit. Hum Biol 2014; 86:313-29. [DOI: 10.13110/humanbiology.86.4.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Witas HW, Tomczyk J, Jędrychowska-Dańska K, Chaubey G, Płoszaj T. mtDNA from the early Bronze Age to the Roman period suggests a genetic link between the Indian subcontinent and Mesopotamian cradle of civilization. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73682. [PMID: 24040024 PMCID: PMC3770703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient DNA methodology was applied to analyse sequences extracted from freshly unearthed remains (teeth) of 4 individuals deeply deposited in slightly alkaline soil of the Tell Ashara (ancient Terqa) and Tell Masaikh (ancient Kar-Assurnasirpal) Syrian archaeological sites, both in the middle Euphrates valley. Dated to the period between 2.5 Kyrs BC and 0.5 Kyrs AD the studied individuals carried mtDNA haplotypes corresponding to the M4b1, M49 and/or M61 haplogroups, which are believed to have arisen in the area of the Indian subcontinent during the Upper Paleolithic and are absent in people living today in Syria. However, they are present in people inhabiting today’s Tibet, Himalayas, India and Pakistan. We anticipate that the analysed remains from Mesopotamia belonged to people with genetic affinity to the Indian subcontinent since the distribution of identified ancient haplotypes indicates solid link with populations from the region of South Asia-Tibet (Trans-Himalaya). They may have been descendants of migrants from much earlier times, spreading the clades of the macrohaplogroup M throughout Eurasia and founding regional Mesopotamian groups like that of Terqa or just merchants moving along trade routes passing near or through the region. None of the successfully identified nuclear alleles turned out to be ΔF508 CFTR, LCT-13910T or Δ32 CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk W. Witas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jacek Tomczyk
- Department of Anthropology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | | | - Tomasz Płoszaj
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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22
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Further evaluation of the efficacy of contamination removal from bone surfaces. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 231:340-8. [PMID: 23890658 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Studies of low copy number (LCN) and degraded DNA are prone to contamination from exogenous DNA sources that in some cases out-compete endogenous DNA in PCR amplification, thus leading to false positives and/or aberrant results. Particularly problematic is contamination that is inadvertently deposited on the surfaces of bones through direct handling. Whereas some previous studies have shown that contamination removal is possible by subjecting samples to sodium hypochlorite prior to DNA extraction, others caution that such treatment can destroy a majority of the molecules endogenous to the sample. To further explore this topic, we experimentally contaminated ancient northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) ribs with human DNA and treated them with sodium hypochlorite to remove that contamination. Our findings are consistent with previous studies that found sodium hypochlorite to be highly efficient (~81-99%) at contamination removal; however, there emerged no treatment capable of removing 100% of the contamination across all of the experiments. Moreover, the ability to estimate the degree of damage to endogenous northern fur seal molecules was compromised due to the inherent variability of preserved mtDNA across the bones, and the presence of co-extracted PCR inhibitors.
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Monroe C, Grier C, Kemp BM. Evaluating the efficacy of various thermo-stable polymerases against co-extracted PCR inhibitors in ancient DNA samples. Forensic Sci Int 2013; 228:142-53. [PMID: 23597751 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA from ancient and forensic specimens is often co-extracted with unknown amounts of unknown PCR inhibitors, which can lead to underestimated DNA concentrations, allelic drop-out, and/or false-negative results. It is not surprising, in this case, that numerous methods have been developed to remove PCR inhibitors or subdue their effects. One simple and cost effective approach could be the adoption of a polymerase that overcomes or is less affected by PCR inhibitors. In this study, nine different polymerases were evaluated for their efficacy against PCR inhibitors co-extracted with DNA from 63 ancient salmon vertebrae. These samples were excavated from two archeological sites located at the Dionisio Point locality on the northern end of Galiano Island in coastal southwestern British Columbia, Canada and date to 700-1000 and 1300-1500 years before present. Previously, DNA extracts from samples studied from this locality were determined to be largely inhibited to PCR amplification. In the present study, Omni Klentaq LA (DNA Polymerase Technology, Inc.) outperformed the other 8 polymerases in two measures: (1) its success in genetic species identification of these vertebrae, and (2) its ability to amplify an ancient DNA positive control when spiked with a volume of potentially inhibited extract from the vertebrae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Monroe
- Department of Anthropology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4910, United States
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Tsangaras K, Ávila-Arcos MC, Ishida Y, Helgen KM, Roca AL, Greenwood AD. Historically low mitochondrial DNA diversity in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus). BMC Genet 2012; 13:92. [PMID: 23095716 PMCID: PMC3518249 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is an arboreal marsupial that was historically widespread across eastern Australia until the end of the 19th century when it suffered a steep population decline. Hunting for the fur trade, habitat conversion, and disease contributed to a precipitous reduction in koala population size during the late 1800s and early 1900s. To examine the effects of these reductions in population size on koala genetic diversity, we sequenced part of the hypervariable region of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in koala museum specimens collected in the 19th and 20th centuries, hypothesizing that the historical samples would exhibit greater genetic diversity. Results The mtDNA haplotypes present in historical museum samples were identical to haplotypes found in modern koala populations, and no novel haplotypes were detected. Rarefaction analyses suggested that the mtDNA genetic diversity present in the museum samples was similar to that of modern koalas. Conclusions Low mtDNA diversity may have been present in koala populations prior to recent population declines. When considering management strategies, low genetic diversity of the mtDNA hypervariable region may not indicate recent inbreeding or founder events but may reflect an older historical pattern for koalas.
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Lee EJ, Makarewicz C, Renneberg R, Harder M, Krause-Kyora B, Müller S, Ostritz S, Fehren-Schmitz L, Schreiber S, Müller J, von Wurmb-Schwark N, Nebel A. Emerging genetic patterns of the European Neolithic: perspectives from a late Neolithic Bell Beaker burial site in Germany. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2012; 148:571-9. [PMID: 22552938 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture in Europe is associated with demographic changes that may have shifted the human gene pool of the region as a result of an influx of Neolithic farmers from the Near East. However, the genetic composition of populations after the earliest Neolithic, when a diverse mosaic of societies that had been fully engaged in agriculture for some time appeared in central Europe, is poorly known. At this period during the Late Neolithic (ca. 2,800-2,000 BC), regionally distinctive burial patterns associated with two different cultural groups emerge, Bell Beaker and Corded Ware, and may reflect differences in how these societies were organized. Ancient DNA analyses of human remains from the Late Neolithic Bell Beaker site of Kromsdorf, Germany showed distinct mitochondrial haplotypes for six individuals, which were classified under the haplogroups I1, K1, T1, U2, U5, and W5, and two males were identified as belonging to the Y haplogroup R1b. In contrast to other Late Neolithic societies in Europe emphasizing maintenance of biological relatedness in mortuary contexts, the diversity of maternal haplotypes evident at Kromsdorf suggests that burial practices of Bell Beaker communities operated outside of social norms based on shared maternal lineages. Furthermore, our data, along with those from previous studies, indicate that modern U5-lineages may have received little, if any, contribution from the Mesolithic or Neolithic mitochondrial gene pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Lee
- Graduate School "Human Development in Landscapes," Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Germany
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McMenamin SK, Hadly EA. Ancient DNA assessment of tiger salamander population in Yellowstone National Park. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32763. [PMID: 22427878 PMCID: PMC3299687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data indicates that blotched tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum melanostictum) in northern regions of Yellowstone National Park are declining due to climate-related habitat changes. In this study, we used ancient and modern mitochondrial haplotype diversity to model the effective size of this amphibian population through recent geological time and to assess past responses to climatic changes in the region. Using subfossils collected from a cave in northern Yellowstone, we analyzed >700 base pairs of mitochondrial sequence from 16 samples ranging in age from 100 to 3300 years old and found that all shared an identical haplotype. Although mitochondrial diversity was extremely low within the living population, we still were able to detect geographic subdivision within the local area. Using serial coalescent modelling with Bayesian priors from both modern and ancient genetic data we simulated a range of probable population sizes and mutation rates through time. Our simulations suggest that regional mitochondrial diversity has remained relatively constant even through climatic fluctuations of recent millennia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K McMenamin
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America.
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Heupink TH, van den Hoff J, Lambert DM. King penguin population on Macquarie Island recovers ancient DNA diversity after heavy exploitation in historic times. Biol Lett 2012; 8:586-9. [PMID: 22357937 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, king penguin populations on Macquarie Island have suffered greatly from human exploitation. Two large colonies on the island were drastically reduced to a single small colony as a result of harvesting for the blubber oil industry. However, recent conservation efforts have resulted in the king penguin population expanding in numbers and range to recolonize previous as well as new sites. Ancient DNA methods were used to estimate past genetic diversity and combined with studies of modern populations, we are now able to compare past levels of variation with extant populations on northern Macquarie Island. The ancient and modern populations are closely related and show a similar level of genetic diversity. These results suggest that the king penguin population has recovered past genetic diversity in just 80 years owing to conservation efforts, despite having seen the brink of extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim H Heupink
- Environmental Futures Centre and Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
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