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Colizzi M, Antolini G, Passarella L, Rizzo V, Puttini E, Zoccante L. Additional Evidence for Neuropsychiatric Manifestations in Mosaic Trisomy 20: A Case Report and Brief Review. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8111030. [PMID: 34828743 PMCID: PMC8622498 DOI: 10.3390/children8111030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mosaic trisomy 20 is a genetic condition in which three chromosomes 20 are found in some cells. Its clinical phenotype seems to be highly variable, with most features not reported across all individuals and not considered pathognomonic of the condition. Limited and recent evidence indicates that neuropsychiatric manifestations may be more present in the context of trisomy 20 than was once thought. Here, we present a case of a 14-year-old female adolescent of White/Caucasian ethnicity with mosaic trisomy 20, who was admitted twice to an inpatient Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit for persisting self-injury and suicidal ideation. A severe and complex neuropsychiatric presentation emerged at the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral levels, including mild neurodevelopmental issues, isolation, socio-relational difficulties, depressed mood, temper outbursts, irritability, low self-esteem, lack of interest, social anxiety, panic attacks, self-cutting, and low-average-range and heterogeneous intelligence quotient profile. Particularly, the patient was considered at high risk of causing harm, mainly to self, and appeared to be only partially responsive to medication, even when polypharmacy was attempted to improve clinical response. Except for school bullying, no other severe environmental risk factors were present in the patient’s history. The patient received a diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colizzi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (E.P.); (L.Z.)
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-812-6832
| | - Giulia Antolini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (E.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Laura Passarella
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (E.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Valentina Rizzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (E.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Elena Puttini
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (E.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Leonardo Zoccante
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy; (G.A.); (L.P.); (V.R.); (E.P.); (L.Z.)
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Whole genome sequencing of canids reveals genomic regions under selection and variants influencing morphology. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1489. [PMID: 30940804 PMCID: PMC6445083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09373-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic dog breeds are characterized by an unrivaled diversity of morphologic traits and breed-associated behaviors resulting from human selective pressures. To identify the genetic underpinnings of such traits, we analyze 722 canine whole genome sequences (WGS), documenting over 91 million single nucleotide and small indels, creating a large catalog of genomic variation for a companion animal species. We undertake both selective sweep analyses and genome wide association studies (GWAS) inclusive of over 144 modern breeds, 54 wild canids and a hundred village dogs. Our results identify variants of strong impact associated with 16 phenotypes, including body weight variation which, when combined with existing data, explain greater than 90% of body size variation in dogs. We thus demonstrate that GWAS and selection scans performed with WGS are powerful complementary methods for expanding the utility of companion animal systems for the study of mammalian growth and biology. Being man’s best friend, dogs have been bred and selected for certain morphologic traits and breed-associated behaviours. Here, Plassais et al. analyse 722 canine whole genome sequences including modern breeds, wild canids and village dogs by GWAS and search for signatures of selection.
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Jusiak K, Brudkowska Ż, Gołębiowska M, Morylowska-Topolska J, Gołębiowska B, Próchnicki M, Próchnicka A, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H. The role of oxytocin in the pathogenesis and treatment of schizophrenia. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cpp-2017-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Until recently, oxytocin was mainly associated with the pathophysiology of childbirth and sexual functions, but lately this hormone has become the object of interest to psychiatry and psychology due to the significant influence of oxytocin on human behavior in the field of social and emotional functioning. Current scientific research focuses on the participation of oxytocin in the pathogenesis and therapy of mental disorders.
Aim: The aim of the paper is to present, on the basis of available literature, the significance of oxytocin for various psychological functions, with particular emphasis on the influence of oxytocin on the course and clinical picture of schizophrenia.
Method: Available articles from the Medline / PubMed database were analyzed, which were searched using keywords: oxytocin, schizophrenia, therapeutic use of oxytocin, social cognition, positive symptoms, negative symptoms and time descriptors: 2013-2017. There are included articles published in Polish and English.
Results:The research results carried out so far suggest that oxytocin plays a significant role in modulating complex socio-emotional behaviors in schizophrenic patients. The existing research results also indicate a relationship between the dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Many of the studies prove that there is a relationship between the level of oxytocin in the patients' blood plasma and the severity of the disease symptoms. Recent genetic studies indicate a possible relationship between polymorphism of oxytocin genesand polymorphism of oxytocin receptor genes and the risk of developing schizophrenia.
Conclusions: Contemporary research on the therapeutic potential of oxytocin and its influence on the functioning of schizophrenia patients seem to be very promising and may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of treatment of schizophrenia and possibly other mental disorders, which in turn will improve the quality of life of patients in cognitive, social and emotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jusiak
- I Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention , Medical University of Lublin
| | - Żaneta Brudkowska
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry , Medical University of Lublin
| | - Maria Gołębiowska
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, III Chair of Pediatrics , Medical University of Lublin
| | | | - Beata Gołębiowska
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, III Chair of Pediatrics , Medical University of Lublin
| | - Michał Próchnicki
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychiatry , Medical University of Lublin
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Zeng Y, Navarro P, Shirali M, Howard DM, Adams MJ, Hall LS, Clarke TK, Thomson PA, Smith BH, Murray A, Padmanabhan S, Hayward C, Boutin T, MacIntyre DJ, Lewis CM, Wray NR, Mehta D, Penninx BW, Milaneschi Y, Baune BT, Air T, Hottenga JJ, Mbarek H, Castelao E, Pistis G, Schulze TG, Streit F, Forstner AJ, Byrne EM, Martin NG, Breen G, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S, Kloiber S, Domenici E, Deary IJ, Porteous DJ, Haley CS, McIntosh AM. Genome-wide Regional Heritability Mapping Identifies a Locus Within the TOX2 Gene Associated With Major Depressive Disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:312-321. [PMID: 28153336 PMCID: PMC5553996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the second largest cause of global disease burden. It has an estimated heritability of 37%, but published genome-wide association studies have so far identified few risk loci. Haplotype-block-based regional heritability mapping (HRHM) estimates the localized genetic variance explained by common variants within haplotype blocks, integrating the effects of multiple variants, and may be more powerful for identifying MDD-associated genomic regions. METHODS We applied HRHM to Generation Scotland: The Scottish Family Health Study, a large family- and population-based Scottish cohort (N = 19,896). Single-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and haplotype-based association tests were used to localize the association signal within the regions identified by HRHM. Functional prediction was used to investigate the effect of MDD-associated SNPs within the regions. RESULTS A haplotype block across a 24-kb region within the TOX2 gene reached genome-wide significance in HRHM. Single-SNP- and haplotype-based association tests demonstrated that five of nine genotyped SNPs and two haplotypes within this block were significantly associated with MDD. The expression of TOX2 and a brain-specific long noncoding RNA RP1-269M15.3 in frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens basal ganglia, respectively, were significantly regulated by MDD-associated SNPs within this region. Both the regional heritability and single-SNP associations within this block were replicated in the UK-Ireland group of the most recent release of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), the PGC2-MDD (Major Depression Dataset). The SNP association was also replicated in a depressive symptom sample that shares some individuals with the PGC2-MDD. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the value of HRHM for MDD and provides an important target within TOX2 for further functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Zeng
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
| | - Pau Navarro
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Masoud Shirali
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | | | - Mark J. Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Lynsey S. Hall
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | | | - Pippa A. Thomson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Blair H. Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Division of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee
| | - Alison Murray
- Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Thibaud Boutin
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | | | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi R. Wray
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland
| | - Divya Mehta
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland
| | | | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tracy Air
- Discipline of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G. Schulze
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Enda M. Byrne
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland
| | | | - Gerome Breen
- MRC Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susanne Lucae
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Munich
| | - Enrico Domenici
- Laboratory of Neurogenomic Biomarkers, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Ian J. Deary
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - David J. Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Chris S. Haley
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh
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Edwards AC, Bigdeli TB, Docherty AR, Bacanu S, Lee D, de Candia TR, Moscati A, Thiselton DL, Maher BS, Wormley BK, Walsh D, O’Neill FA, Kendler KS, Riley BP, Fanous AH. Meta-analysis of Positive and Negative Symptoms Reveals Schizophrenia Modifier Genes. Schizophr Bull 2016; 42:279-87. [PMID: 26316594 PMCID: PMC4753595 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that genetic factors may influence both schizophrenia (Scz) and its clinical presentation. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have demonstrated considerable success in identifying risk loci. Detection of "modifier loci" has the potential to further elucidate underlying disease processes. METHODS We performed GWAS of empirically derived positive and negative symptom scales in Irish cases from multiply affected pedigrees and a larger, independent case-control sample, subsequently combining these into a large Irish meta-analysis. In addition to single-SNP associations, we considered gene-based and pathway analyses to better capture convergent genetic effects, and to facilitate biological interpretation of these findings. Replication and testing of aggregate genetic effects was conducted using an independent European-American sample. RESULTS Though no single marker met the genome-wide significance threshold, genes and ontologies/pathways were significantly associated with negative and positive symptoms; notably, NKAIN2 and NRG1, respectively. We observed limited overlap in ontologies/pathways associated with different symptom profiles, with immune-related categories over-represented for negative symptoms, and addiction-related categories for positive symptoms. Replication analyses suggested that genes associated with clinical presentation are generalizable to non-Irish samples. CONCLUSIONS These findings strongly support the hypothesis that modifier loci contribute to the etiology of distinct Scz symptom profiles. The finding that previously implicated "risk loci" actually influence particular symptom dimensions has the potential to better delineate the roles of these genes in Scz etiology. Furthermore, the over-representation of distinct gene ontologies/pathways across symptom profiles suggests that the clinical heterogeneity of Scz is due in part to complex and diverse genetic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA;,*To whom correspondence should be addressed; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, PO Box 980126, Richmond, VA 23298-0126, US; tel: 1-804-828-8591, fax: 1-804-828-1471, e-mail:
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Silviu Bacanu
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Donghyung Lee
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Teresa R. de Candia
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO;,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Arden Moscati
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Dawn L. Thiselton
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA;,Present address: Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, VA
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Brandon K. Wormley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | | | | | - Francis A. O’Neill
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA
| | - Ayman H. Fanous
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA;,Mental Health Service Line, Washington VA Medical Center, Washington, DC;,Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
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Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of clinical and molecular genetic as well as pharmacogenetic studies regarding the clinical phenotype of "psychotic depression." Results are discussed with regard to the long-standing debate on categorical vs dimensional disease models of affective and psychotic disorders on a continuum from unipolar depression over bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder to schizophrenia. Clinical genetic studies suggest a familial aggregation and a considerable heritability (39%) of psychotic depression partly shared with schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and affective disorders. Molecular genetic studies point to potential risk loci of psychotic depression shared with schizoaffective disorder (1q42, 22q11, 19p13), depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (6p, 8p22, 10p13-12, 10p14, 13q13-14, 13q32, 18p, 22q11-13) and several vulnerability genes possibly contributing to an increased risk of psychotic symptoms in depression (eg, BDNF, DBH, DTNBP1, DRD2, DRD4, GSK-3beta, MAO-A). Pharmacogenetic studies implicate 5-HTT, TPH1, and DTNBP1 gene variation in the mediation of antidepressant treatment response in psychotic depression. Genetic factors are suggested to contribute to the disease risk of psychotic depression in partial overlap with disorders along the affective-psychotic spectrum. Thus, genetic research focusing on psychotic depression might inspire a more dimensional, neurobiologically and symptom-oriented taxonomy of affective and psychotic disorders challenging the dichotomous Kraepelinian view. Additionally, pharmacogenetic studies might aid in the development of a more personalized treatment of psychotic depression with an individually tailored antidepressive/antipsychotic pharmacotherapy according to genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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