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Lovelace SE, Helmold Hait S, Yang ES, Fox ML, Liu C, Choe M, Chen X, McCarthy E, Todd JP, Woodward RA, Koup RA, Mascola JR, Pegu A. Anti-viral efficacy of a next-generation CD4-binding site bNAb in SHIV-infected animals in the absence of anti-drug antibody responses. iScience 2022; 25:105067. [PMID: 36157588 PMCID: PMC9490026 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 are promising immunotherapeutic agents for treatment of HIV-1 infection. bNAbs can be administered to SHIV-infected rhesus macaques to assess their anti-viral efficacy; however, their delivery into macaques often leads to rapid formation of anti-drug antibody (ADA) responses limiting such assessment. Here, we depleted B cells in five SHIV-infected rhesus macaques by pretreatment with a depleting anti-CD20 antibody prior to bNAb infusions to reduce ADA. Peripheral B cells were depleted following anti-CD20 infusions and remained depleted for at least 9 weeks after the 1st anti-CD20 infusion. Plasma viremia dropped by more than 100-fold in viremic animals after the initial bNAb treatment. No significant humoral ADA responses were detected for as long as B cells remained depleted. Our results indicate that transient B cell depletion successfully inhibited emergence of ADA and improved the assessment of anti-viral efficacy of a bNAb in a SHIV-infected rhesus macaque model. Highly potent CD4bs bNAb reduces viremia up to 4 log10 in SHIV-infected animals Sustained B cell depletion prevents development of ADA responses Lack of ADA enables multiple bNAb infusions over 12 weeks
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Lovelace
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eun Sung Yang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madison L Fox
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xuejun Chen
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John-Paul Todd
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruth A Woodward
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John R Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amarendra Pegu
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Memoli MJ, Han A, Walters KA, Czajkowski L, Reed S, Athota R, Angela Rosas L, Cervantes-Medina A, Park JK, Morens DM, Kash JC, Taubenberger JK. Influenza A Reinfection in Sequential Human Challenge: Implications for Protective Immunity and "Universal" Vaccine Development. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:748-753. [PMID: 30953061 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of correlates of protection against human influenza A virus infection is important in development of broadly protective ("universal") influenza vaccines. Certain assumptions underlie current vaccine developmental strategies, including that infection with a particular influenza A virus should offer long-term or lifelong protection against that strain, preventing reinfection. In this study we report observations made when 7 volunteers participated in sequential influenza challenge studies where they were challenged intranasally using the identical influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus approximately 1 year apart. We evaluate and describe the outcomes of these 7 rechallenge participants and discuss what these results may suggest about correlates of protection and development of more broadly protective influenza vaccines. METHODS Seven participants were enrolled in 2 viral challenge studies at 7.5- to 18.5-month intervals. Both challenge studies used the identical lot of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus administered intranasally. We evaluated pre- and postchallenge hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and stalk antibody titers; peripheral blood leukocyte host gene expression response profiles; daily viral detection via nasal wash; and clinical signs and symptoms. RESULTS At least 3 of 7 participants demonstrated confirmed laboratory evidence of sequential infection, with 5 of 7 demonstrating clinical evidence. CONCLUSIONS The data presented in this report demonstrate that sequential infection with the identical influenza A virus can occur and suggest it may not be rare. These data raise questions about immune memory responses in an acute superficial respiratory mucosal infection and their implications in development of broadly protective influenza vaccines. Further investigation of these observations is warranted. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01646138; NCT01971255.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Memoli
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alison Han
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lindsay Czajkowski
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susan Reed
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rani Athota
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Luz Angela Rosas
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adriana Cervantes-Medina
- Clinical Studies Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jae-Keun Park
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - John C Kash
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffery K Taubenberger
- Viral Pathogenesis and Evolution Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Bethesda, Maryland
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Söderholm S, Fu Y, Gaelings L, Belanov S, Yetukuri L, Berlinkov M, Cheltsov AV, Anders S, Aittokallio T, Nyman TA, Matikainen S, Kainov DE. Multi-Omics Studies towards Novel Modulators of Influenza A Virus-Host Interaction. Viruses 2016; 8:v8100269. [PMID: 27690086 PMCID: PMC5086605 DOI: 10.3390/v8100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human influenza A viruses (IAVs) cause global pandemics and epidemics. These viruses evolve rapidly, making current treatment options ineffective. To identify novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, we re-analyzed our recent transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and genomics/virtual ligand screening data. We identified 713 potential modulators targeting 199 cellular and two viral proteins. Anti-influenza activity for 48 of them has been reported previously, whereas the antiviral efficacy of the 665 remains unknown. Studying anti-influenza efficacy and immuno/neuro-modulating properties of these compounds and their combinations as well as potential viral and host resistance to them may lead to the discovery of novel modulators of IAV–host interactions, which might be more effective than the currently available anti-influenza therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Söderholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
| | - Yu Fu
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Lana Gaelings
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Sergey Belanov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Laxman Yetukuri
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Mikhail Berlinkov
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620083, Russia.
| | - Anton V Cheltsov
- Q-Mol L.L.C. in Silico Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Simon Anders
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku 20014, Finland.
| | | | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki 00250, Finland.
- Department of Rheumatology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00015, Finland.
| | - Denis E Kainov
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
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The use of nonhuman primates in research on seasonal, pandemic and avian influenza, 1893-2014. Antiviral Res 2015; 117:75-98. [PMID: 25746173 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Attempts to reproduce the features of human influenza in laboratory animals date from the early 1890s, when Richard Pfeiffer inoculated apes with bacteria recovered from influenza patients and produced a mild respiratory illness. Numerous studies employing nonhuman primates (NHPs) were performed during the 1918 pandemic and the following decade. Most used bacterial preparations to infect animals, but some sought a filterable agent for the disease. Since the viral etiology of influenza was established in the early 1930s, studies in NHPs have been supplemented by a much larger number of experiments in mice, ferrets and human volunteers. However, the emergence of a novel swine-origin H1N1 influenza virus in 1976 and the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in 1997 stimulated an increase in NHP research, because these agents are difficult to study in naturally infected patients and cannot be administered to human volunteers. In this paper, we review the published literature on the use of NHPs in influenza research from 1893 through the end of 2014. The first section summarizes observational studies of naturally occurring influenza-like syndromes in wild and captive primates, including serologic investigations. The second provides a chronological account of experimental infections of NHPs, beginning with Pfeiffer's study and covering all published research on seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses, including vaccine and antiviral drug testing. The third section reviews experimental infections of NHPs with avian influenza viruses that have caused disease in humans since 1997. The paper concludes with suggestions for further studies to more clearly define and optimize the role of NHPs as experimental animals for influenza research.
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Effects of influenza antivirals on individual and population immunity over many epidemic waves. Epidemiol Infect 2012; 141:366-76. [PMID: 22459665 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268812000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antivirals are an important defence against novel strains of influenza. However, the impact of widespread drug usage on strain circulation across multiple epidemic waves - via their impact on host immunity - is unknown despite antivirals having the likelihood of extensive use during a pandemic. To explore how drug usage by individuals affects population strain dynamics, we embedded a two-strain model of within-host dynamics within an epidemic model. We found that when 40% of hosts took drugs early during the infectious period, transmission was reduced by 30% and average levels of immunity by 2·9-fold (comparable to antibody concentrations), relative to 14% and 1·5-fold reductions when drugs were taken late. The novel strain was more successful relative to the resident strain when drugs were not taken, and an intermediate level of drug coverage minimized incidence in subsequent waves. We discuss how drug regimens, coverage and R 0 could impact pandemic preparedness.
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Jegaskanda S, Reece JC, De Rose R, Stambas J, Sullivan L, Brooks AG, Kent SJ, Sexton A. Comparison of influenza and SIV specific CD8 T cell responses in macaques. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32431. [PMID: 22403659 PMCID: PMC3293803 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaques are a potentially useful non-human primate model to compare memory T-cell immunity to acute virus pathogens such as influenza virus and effector T-cell responses to chronic viral pathogens such as SIV. However, immunological reagents to study influenza CD8+ T-cell responses in the macaque model are limited. We recently developed an influenza-SIV vaccination model of pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and used this to study both influenza-specific and SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells in 39 pigtail macaques expressing the common Mane-A*10+ (Mane-A01*084) MHC-I allele. To perform comparative studies between influenza and SIV responses a common influenza nucleoprotein-specific CD8+ T-cell response was mapped to a minimal epitope (termed RA9), MHC-restricted to Mane-A*10 and an MHC tetramer developed to study this response. Influenza-specific memory CD8+ T-cell response maintained a highly functional profile in terms of multitude of effector molecule expression (CD107a, IFN-γ, TNF-α, MIP-1β and IL-2) and showed high avidity even in the setting of SIV infection. In contrast, within weeks following active SIV infection, SIV-specific CD8+ effector T-cells expressed fewer cytokines/degranulation markers and had a lower avidity compared to influenza specific CD8+ T-cells. Further, the influenza specific memory CD8 T-cell response retained stable expression of the exhaustion marker programmed death-marker-1 (PD-1) and co-stimulatory molecule CD28 following infection with SIV. This contrasted with the effector SIV-specific CD8+ T-cells following SIV infection which expressed significantly higher amounts of PD-1 and lower amounts of CD28. Our results suggest that strategies to maintain a more functional CD8+ T-cell response, profile may assist in controlling HIV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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