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van Keulen LJM, Dolstra CH, Vries RBD, Bossers A, Jacobs JG, Baron T, Torres JM, Langeveld JPM. Change in the molecular properties of CH1641 prions after transmission to wild-type mice: Evidence for a single strain. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2024; 50:e12963. [PMID: 38353056 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM CH1641 was discovered in 1970 as a scrapie isolate that was unlike all other classical strains of scrapie isolated so far. We performed bio-assays of CH1641 in mice in order to further characterise this specific isolate. METHODS We inoculated the original CH1641 isolate into ovine and bovine prion protein (PrP) transgenic mice as well as wild-type mice. In addition, we performed cross- and back passages between the various mouse lines to examine if one identical prion strain was isolated in all mouse lines or whether multiple prion strains exist in CH1641. RESULTS We report the first successful transmission of CH1641 to wild-type RIII mice and via RIII mice to wild-type VM mice. Unexpectedly, analysis of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrPres ) in wild-type mice showed a classical scrapie banding pattern differing from the banding pattern of the original CH1641 isolate. Cross- and back passages of CH1641 between the various mouse lines confirmed that the same prion strain had been isolated in all mouse lines. CONCLUSIONS The CH1641 isolate consists of a single prion strain but its molecular banding pattern of PrPres differs between wild-type mice and PrP transgenic mice. Consequently, molecular banding patterns of PrPres should be used with caution in strain typing since they do not solely depend on the properties of the prion strain but also on the host prion protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien J M van Keulen
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Corry H Dolstra
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Ruth Bossers-de Vries
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Bossers
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Jorg G Jacobs
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
| | - Thierry Baron
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation de l'environnement et du travail (Anses), Laboratoire de Lyon, Unité Maladies Neurodégénératives, Lyon, France
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Jan P M Langeveld
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
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Barrio T, Filali H, Otero A, Sheleby-Elías J, Marín B, Vidal E, Béringue V, Torres JM, Groschup M, Andréoletti O, Badiola JJ, Bolea R. Mixtures of prion substrains in natural scrapie cases revealed by ovinised murine models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5042. [PMID: 32193445 PMCID: PMC7081250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variability in prion diseases, such as scrapie, is associated to the existence of prion strains, which are different pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc) conformations with distinct pathobiological properties. To faithfully study scrapie strain variability in natural sheep isolates, transgenic mice expressing sheep cellular prion protein (PrPC) are used. In this study, we used two of such models to bioassay 20 scrapie isolates from the Spain-France-Andorra transboundary territory. Animals were intracerebrally inoculated and survival periods, proteinase K-resistant PrP (PrPres) banding patterns, lesion profiles and PrPSc distribution were studied. Inocula showed a remarkable homogeneity on banding patterns, all of them but one showing 19-kDa PrPres. However, a number of isolates caused accumulation of 21-kDa PrPres in TgShp XI. A different subgroup of isolates caused long survival periods and presence of 21-kDa PrPres in Tg338 mice. It seemed that one major 19-kDa prion isoform and two distinct 21-kDa variants coexisted in source inocula, and that they could be separated by bioassay in each transgenic model. The reason why each model favours a specific component of the mixture is unknown, although PrPC expression level may play a role. Our results indicate that coinfection with more than one substrain is more frequent than infection with a single component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Barrio
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hicham Filali
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alicia Otero
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jessica Sheleby-Elías
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Belén Marín
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enric Vidal
- Priocat Laboratory, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincent Béringue
- UMR Virologie Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM-UR892), INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Juan María Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, CISA-INIA, 28130, Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald-Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Olivier Andréoletti
- UMR INRA ENVT 1225- IHAP, École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, 31076, Toulouse, France
| | - Juan José Badiola
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Bolea
- Centro de Encefalopatías y Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón - IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Ferreira RS, da Silva DAF, Biscola NP, Sartori MMP, Denadai JC, Jorge AM, Dos Santos LD, Barraviera B. Traceability of animal protein byproducts in ruminants by multivariate analysis of isotope ratio mass spectrometry to prevent transmission of prion diseases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e148718. [PMID: 31131007 PMCID: PMC6521725 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-1487-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ruminant feed containing animal byproduct proteins (ABPs) is prohibited in many countries due to its risk of transmitting prion diseases (PD). In most cases the entire herd is sacrificed, which causes great harm to the producer countries by preventing their exportation of ruminant derived-products. Methods We used stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) to trace the animal protein in the blood of 15 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) divided into three experimental groups: 1 - received only vegetable protein (VP) during 117 days; 2 - received animal and vegetable protein (AVP); and 3 - received animal and vegetable protein with animal protein subsequently removed (AVPR). Groups 2 and 3 received diets containing 13.7% bovine meat and bone meal (MBM) added to a vegetable diet (from days 21-117 in the AVP group and until day 47 in the AVPR group, when MBM was removed). Results On the 36th day, differences were detectable in the feeding profile (p <0.01) among the three experimental groups, which remained for a further 49 days (85th day). The AVPR group showed isotopic rate reversibility on the 110th day by presenting values similar to those in the control group (VP) (p> 0.05), indicating that it took 63 days to eliminate MBM in this group. Total atoms exchange (> 95%) of 13C and 15N was observed through incorporation of the diet into the AVP and AVPR groups. Conclusions IRMS is an accurate and sensitive technique for tracing the feeding profile of ruminants through blood analysis, thus enabling investigation of ABP use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Perussi Biscola
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Juliana Célia Denadai
- Stable Isotopes Center (CIE), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - André Mendes Jorge
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry (FMVZ), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucilene Delazari Dos Santos
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.,Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Detecting animal by-product intake using stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Vet J 2016; 217:119-125. [PMID: 27810202 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sheep are used in many countries as food and for manufacturing bioproducts. However, when these animals consume animal by-products (ABP), which is widely prohibited, there is a risk of transmitting scrapie - a fatal prion disease in human beings. Therefore, it is essential to develop sensitive methods to detect previous ABP intake to select safe animals for producing biopharmaceuticals. We used stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) for 13C and 15N to trace animal proteins in the serum of three groups of sheep: 1 - received only vegetable protein (VP) for 89 days; 2 - received animal and vegetable protein (AVP); and 3 - received animal and vegetable protein with animal protein subsequently removed (AVPR). Groups 2 and 3 received diets with 30% bovine meat and bone meal (MBM) added to a vegetable diet (from days 16-89 in the AVP group and until day 49 in the AVPR group, when MBM was removed). The AVPR group showed 15N equilibrium 5 days after MBM removal (54th day). Conversely, 15N equilibrium in the AVP group occurred 22 days later (76th day). The half-life differed between these groups by 3.55 days. In the AVPR group, 15N elimination required 53 days, which was similar to this isotope's incorporation time. Turnover was determined based on natural 15N signatures. IRMS followed by turnover calculations was used to evaluate the time period for the incorporation and elimination of animal protein in sheep serum. The δ13C and δ15N values were used to track animal protein in the diet. This method is biologically and economically relevant for the veterinary field because it can track protein over time or make a point assessment of animal feed with high sensitivity and resolution, providing a low-cost analysis coupled with fast detection. Isotopic profiles could be measured throughout the experimental period, demonstrating the potential to use the method for traceability and certification assessments.
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González L, Chianini F, Hunter N, Hamilton S, Gibbard L, Martin S, Dagleish MP, Sisó S, Eaton SL, Chong A, Algar L, Jeffrey M. Stability of murine scrapie strain 87V after passage in sheep and comparison with the CH1641 ovine strain. J Gen Virol 2016; 96:3703-3714. [PMID: 26611906 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breed- and prion protein (PRNP) genotype-related disease phenotype variability has been observed in sheep infected with the 87V murine scrapie strain. Therefore, the stability of this strain was tested by inoculating sheep-derived 87V brain material back into VM mice. As some sheep-adapted 87V disease phenotypes were reminiscent of CH1641 scrapie, transgenic mice (Tg338) expressing ovine prion protein (PrP) were inoculated with the same sheep-derived 87V sources and with CH1641. Although at first passage in VM mice the sheep-derived 87V sources showed some divergence from the murine 87V control, all the characteristics of murine 87V infection were recovered at second passage from all sheep sources. These included 100 % attack rates and indistinguishable survival times, lesion profiles, immunohistochemical features of disease-associated PrP accumulation in the brain and PrP biochemical properties. All sheep-derived 87V sources, as well as CH1641, were transmitted to Tg338 mice with identical clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical features. While this might potentially indicate that sheep-adapted 87V and CH1641 are the same strain, profound divergences were evident, as murine 87V was unable to infect Tg338 mice but was lethal for VM mice, while the reverse was true for CH1641. These combined data suggest that: (i) murine 87V is stable and retains its properties after passage in sheep; (ii) it can be isolated from sheep showing a CH1641-like or a more conventional scrapie phenotype; and (iii) sheep-adapted 87V scrapie, with conventional or CH1641-like phenotype, is biologically distinct from experimental CH1641 scrapie, despite the fact that they behave identically in a single transgenic mouse line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo González
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Lasswade), Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Francesca Chianini
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Nora Hunter
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Scott Hamilton
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Louise Gibbard
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Stuart Martin
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Lasswade), Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Mark P Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Sílvia Sisó
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Lasswade), Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Samantha L Eaton
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Angela Chong
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Lynne Algar
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Lasswade), Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Martin Jeffrey
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Lasswade), Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK
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Wilson R, King D, Hunter N, Goldmann W, Barron RM. Characterization of an unusual transmissible spongiform encephalopathy in goat by transmission in knock-in transgenic mice. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:1922-1932. [PMID: 23720218 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.051706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder of cattle, and its transmission to humans through contaminated food is thought to be the cause of the variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. BSE is believed to have spread from the recycling in cattle of ruminant tissue in meat and bone meal (MBM). However, during this time, sheep and goats were also exposed to BSE-contaminated MBM. Both sheep and goats are experimentally susceptible to BSE, and while there have been no reported natural BSE cases in sheep, two goat BSE field cases have been documented. While cases of BSE are rare in small ruminants, the existence of scrapie in both sheep and goats is well established. In the UK, during 2006-2007, a serious outbreak of clinical scrapie was detected in a large dairy goat herd. Subsequently, 200 goats were selected for post-mortem examination, one of which showed biochemical and immunohistochemical features of the disease-associated prion protein (PrP(TSE)) which differed from all other infected goats. In the present study, we investigated this unusual case by performing transmission bioassays into a panel of mouse lines. Following characterization, we found that strain properties such as the ability to transmit to different mouse lines, lesion profile pattern, degree of PrP deposition in the brain and biochemical features of this unusual goat case were neither consistent with goat BSE nor with a goat scrapie herdmate control. However, our results suggest that this unusual case has BSE-like properties and highlights the need for continued surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Wilson
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Declan King
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Nora Hunter
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Wilfred Goldmann
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Rona M Barron
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Unique properties of the classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy strain and its emergence from H-type bovine spongiform encephalopathy substantiated by VM transmission studies. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2013; 72:211-8. [PMID: 23399901 DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e318285c7f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE), which is recognized as being at the origin of the human variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 2 rare phenotypes of BSE (H-type BSE [H-BSE] and L-type BSE [L-BSE]) were identified in 2004. H-type BSE and L-BSE are considered to be sporadic forms of prion disease in cattle because they differ from C-BSE with respect to incubation period, vacuolar pathology in the brain, and biochemical properties of the protease-resistant prion protein (PrP) in natural hosts and in some mouse models that have been tested. Recently, we showed that H-BSE transmitted to C57Bl/6 mice resulted in a dissociation of the phenotypic features, that is, some mice showed an H-BSE phenotype, whereas others had a C-BSE phenotype. Here, these 2 phenotypes were further studied in VM mice and compared with cattle C-BSE, H-BSE, and L-BSE. Serial passages from the C-BSE-like phenotype on VM mice retained similarities with C-BSE. Moreover, our results indicate that strains 301V and 301C derived from C-BSE transmitted to VM and C57Bl/6 mice, respectively, are fundamentally the same strain. These VM transmission studies confirm the unique properties of the C-BSE strain and support the emergence of a strain that resembles C-BSE from H-BSE.
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