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Celińska E. "Fight-flight-or-freeze" - how Yarrowia lipolytica responds to stress at molecular level? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:3369-3395. [PMID: 35488934 PMCID: PMC9151528 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Yarrowia lipolytica is a popular yeast species employed in multiple biotechnological production processes. High resistance to extreme environmental conditions or metabolic burden triggered by synthetically forced over-synthesis of a target metabolite has its practical consequences. The proud status of an “industrial workhorse” that Y. lipolytica has gained is directly related to such a quality of this species. With the increasing amount of knowledge coming from detailed functional studies and comprehensive omics analyses, it is now possible to start painting the landscape of the molecular background behind stress response and adaptation in Y. lipolytica. This review summarizes the current state-of-art of a global effort in revealing how Y. lipolytica responds to both environmental threats and the intrinsic burden caused by the overproduction of recombinant secretory proteins at the molecular level. Detailed lists of genes, proteins, molecules, and biological processes deregulated upon exposure to external stress factors or affected by over-synthesis of heterologous proteins are provided. Specificities and universalities of Y. lipolytica cellular response to different extrinsic and intrinsic threats are highlighted. Key points • Y. lipolytica as an industrial workhorse is subjected to multiple stress factors. • Cellular responses together with involved genes, proteins, and molecules are reviewed. • Native stress response mechanisms are studied and inspire engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Celińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627, Poznan, Poland.
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2
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Proteomics Readjustment of the Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast in Response to Increased Temperature and Alkaline Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122619. [PMID: 34946220 PMCID: PMC8708323 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeasts cope with a wide range of environmental challenges using different adaptive mechanisms. They can prosper at extreme ambient pH and high temperatures; however, their adaptation mechanisms have not been entirely investigated. Previously, we showed the pivotal role and flexibility of the sugar and lipid composition of Yarrowia lipolytica W 29 upon adaptation to unfavorable conditions. In this study, we showed that extreme pH provoked significant changes in the cell wall proteins expression, with an increase in both the chaperones of heat shock protein HSP60 and some other proteins with chaperone functions. The mitochondria activity changes inducing the VDAC and malate dehydrogenase played an essential role in the adaptation, as did the altered carbohydrate metabolism, promoting its shift towards the pyruvate formation rather than gluconeogenesis. The elevated temperature led to changes in the cell wall proteins and chaperones, the induced expression of the proteins involved in the cell structural organization, ribosomal proteins, and the enzymes of formaldehyde degradation. Moreover, the readjustment of the protein composition and amount under combined stress indicated the promotion of catabolic processes related to scavenging the damaged proteins and lipids. Under all of the stress conditions studied, the process of folding, stress resistance, redox adaptation, and oxidative phosphorylation were the dominant pathways. The combined chronic alkaline and heat stress (pH 9.0, 38 °C) led to cross-adaptation, which caused "switching" over the traditional metabolism to the adaptation to the most damaging stress factor, namely the increased temperature.
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3
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Hyperosmolarity adversely impacts recombinant protein synthesis by Yarrowia lipolytica-molecular background revealed by quantitative proteomics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:349-367. [PMID: 34913994 PMCID: PMC8720085 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In this research, we were interested in answering a question whether subjecting a Yarrowia lipolytica strain overproducing a recombinant secretory protein (rs-Prot) to pre-optimized stress factors may enhance synthesis of the rs-Prot. Increased osmolarity (3 Osm kg−1) was the primary stress factor implemented alone or in combination with decreased temperature (20 °C), known to promote synthesis of rs-Prots. The treatments were executed in batch bioreactor cultures, and the cellular response was studied in terms of culture progression, gene expression and global proteomics, to get insight into molecular bases underlying an awaken reaction. Primarily, we observed that hyperosmolarity executed by high sorbitol concentration does not enhance synthesis of the rs-Prot but increases its transcription. Expectedly, hyperosmolarity induced synthesis of polyols at the expense of citric acid synthesis and growth, which was severely limited. A number of stress-related proteins were upregulated, including heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and aldo–keto reductases, as observed at transcriptomics and proteomics levels. Concerted downregulation of central carbon metabolism, including glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid synthesis, highlighted redirection of carbon fluxes. Elevated abundance of HSPs and osmolytes did not outbalance the severe limitation of protein synthesis, marked by orchestrated downregulation of translation (elongation factors, several aa-tRNA synthetases), amino acid biosynthesis and ribosome biogenesis in response to the hyperosmolarity. Altogether we settled that increased osmolarity is not beneficial for rs-Prots synthesis in Y. lipolytica, even though some elements of the response could assist this process. Insight into global changes in the yeast proteome under the treatments is provided. Key points • Temp enhances, but Osm decreases rs-Prots synthesis by Y. lipolytica. • Enhanced abundance of HSPs and osmolytes is overweighted by limited translation. • Global proteome under Osm, Temp and Osm Temp treatments was studied. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11731-y.
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Flores CL, Ariño J, Gancedo C. The N-Acetylglucosamine Kinase from Yarrowia lipolytica Is a Moonlighting Protein. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313109. [PMID: 34884915 PMCID: PMC8658026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Yarrowia lipolytica, expression of the genes encoding the enzymes of the N-acetylglucosamine (NAGA) utilization pathway (NAG genes) becomes independent of the presence of NAGA in a Ylnag5 mutant lacking NAGA kinase. We addressed the question of whether the altered transcription was due to a lack of kinase activity or to a moonlighting role of this protein. Glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase (Nag1) activity was measured as a reporter of NAG genes expression. The NGT1 gene encoding the NAGA transporter was deleted, creating a Ylnag5 ngt1 strain. In glucose cultures of this strain, Nag1 activity was similar to that of the Ylnag5 strain, ruling out the possibility that NAGA derived from cell wall turnover could trigger the derepression. Heterologous NAGA kinases were expressed in a Ylnag5 strain. Among them, the protein from Arabidopsis thaliana did not restore kinase activity but lowered Nag1 activity 4-fold with respect to a control. Expression in the Ylnag5 strain of YlNag5 variants F320S or D214V with low kinase activity caused a repression similar to that of the wild-type protein. Together, these results indicate that YlNag5 behaves as a moonlighting protein. An RNA-seq analysis revealed that the Ylnag5 mutation had a limited transcriptomic effect besides derepression of the NAG genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Lisset Flores
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.-L.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Joaquín Ariño
- Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina & Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.-L.F.); (J.A.)
| | - Carlos Gancedo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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A 37-amino acid loop in the Yarrowia lipolytica hexokinase impacts its activity and affinity and modulates gene expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6412. [PMID: 33742083 PMCID: PMC7979807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85837-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is a potent cell factory as it is able to use a wide variety of carbon sources to convert waste materials into value-added products. Nonetheless, there are still gaps in our understanding of its central carbon metabolism. Here we present an in-depth study of Y. lipolytica hexokinase (YlHxk1), a structurally unique protein. The greatest peculiarity of YlHxk1 is a 37-amino acid loop region, a structure not found in any other known hexokinases. By combining bioinformatic and experimental methods we showed that the loop in YlHxk1 is essential for activity of this protein and through that on growth of Y. lipolytica on glucose and fructose. We further proved that the loop in YlHxk1 hinders binding with trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P), a glycolysis inhibitor, as hexokinase with partial deletion of this region is 4.7-fold less sensitive to this molecule. We also found that YlHxk1 devoid of the loop causes strong repressive effect on lipase-encoding genes LIP2 and LIP8 and that the hexokinase overexpression in Y. lipolytica changes glycerol over glucose preference when cultivated in media containing both substrates.
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Borkowska M, Białas W, Celińska E. A new set of reference genes for comparative gene expression analyses in Yarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5986618. [PMID: 33201983 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantitation of gene expression levels require sensitive, precise and reproducible measurements of specific transcripts. Normalization to a reference gene is the most common practice to minimize the impact of the uncontrolled variation. The fundamental prerequisite for an accurate reference gene is to be stably expressed amongst all the samples included in the analysis. In the present study we aimed to assess the expression level and stability of a panel of 21 genes in Yarrowia lipolytica throughout varying conditions, covering composition of the culturing medium, growth phase and strain-wild type and recombinant burdened with heterologous protein overexpression. The panel of the selected candidate genes covered those essential for growth and maintenance of metabolism and homologs of commonly used internal references in RT-qPCR. The candidate genes expression level and stability were assessed and the data were processed using dedicated computational tools (geNorm and NormFinder). The results obtained here indicated genes unaffected by the burden of overexpression (TEF1, TPI1, UBC2, SRPN2, ALG9-like, RYL1) or by the culture medium used (ACT1, TPI1, UBC2, SEC61, ODC, CLA4, FKS1, TPS1), as well as those the least (SSDH, ODC, GPD) and the most (SEC62, TPI1, IPP1) suitable for normalization of RT-qPCR data in Y. lipolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Borkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewelina Celińska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
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7
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Hackenschmidt S, Bracharz F, Daniel R, Thürmer A, Bruder S, Kabisch J. Effects of a high-cultivation temperature on the physiology of three different Yarrowia lipolytica strains. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 19:5586564. [PMID: 31605534 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing relevance, ranging from academic research to industrial applications, only a limited number of non-conventional, oleaginous Yarrowia lipolytica strains are characterized in detail. Therefore, we analyzed three strains in regard to their metabolic and physiological properties, especially with respect to important characteristics of a production strain. By investigating different cultivation conditions and media compositions, similarities and differences between the distinct strain backgrounds could be derived. Especially sugar alcohol production, as well as an agglomeration of cells were found to be connected with growth at high temperatures. In addition, sugar alcohol production was independent of high substrate concentrations under these conditions. To investigate the genotypic basis of particular traits, including growth characteristics and metabolite concentrations, genomic analysis were performed. We found sequence variations for one third of the annotated proteins but no obvious link to all phenotypic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hackenschmidt
- Computergestützte Synthetische Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - F Bracharz
- Computergestützte Synthetische Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - R Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Thürmer
- MF 2: Genomsequenzierung, Robert Koch Institute Berlin, Seestrasse 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Bruder
- Computergestützte Synthetische Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
| | - J Kabisch
- Computergestützte Synthetische Biologie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 10, Darmstadt 64287, Germany
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8
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Gomes AMV, Orlandi ACAL, Parachin NS. Deletion of the trehalose tps1 gene in Kluyveromyces lactis does not impair growth in glucose. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 367:5823741. [PMID: 32319521 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide composed of two α-glucose molecules and synthesized by an enzyme complex containing four subunits TPS1 (EC 2.4.1.15), TPS2 (EC 3.1.3.12), TPS3 and TSL1. First reports about trehalose classified this sugar as an energy reserve compound like glycogen. However, lately, trehalose is known to assist yeast cells during heat, osmotic and starvation stresses. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the deletion of the tps1 encoding gene eliminated the yeast ability to grow on glucose as the sole carbon source. Kluyveromyces lactis is a yeast present in various dairy products and is currently utilized for the synthesis of more than 40 industrial heterologous products. In this study, the deletion of the tps1 gene in K. lactis showed that unlike S. cerevisiae, tps1 gene disruption does not cause growth failure in glucose, galactose, or fructose. The µMAX rate values of K. lactis tps1Δ strains were equal than the non-disrupted strains, showing that the gene deletion does not affect the yeast growth. After gene disruption, the absence of trehalose into the metabolism of K. lactis was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio M V Gomes
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco K. 70.790-900. Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina A L Orlandi
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco K. 70.790-900. Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Nádia S Parachin
- Grupo de Engenharia de Biocatalisadores, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Bloco K. 70.790-900. Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil
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9
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Sekova VY, Dergacheva DI, Isakova EP, Gessler NN, Tereshina VM, Deryabina YI. Soluble Sugar and Lipid Readjustments in the Yarrowia lipolytica Yeast at Various Temperatures and pH. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9120307. [PMID: 31861165 PMCID: PMC6950712 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9120307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms cope with a wide range of environmental challenges using different mechanisms. Their ability to prosper at extreme ambient pH and high temperatures has been well reported, but the adaptation mechanism often remains unrevealed. In this study, we addressed the dynamics of lipid and sugar profiles upon different cultivation conditions. The results showed that the cells grown at various pH and optimal temperature contained mannitol as the major cytosol sugar alcohol. The elevated temperature of 38 °C led to a two- to three-fold increase in total cytosol sugars with concurrent substitution of mannitol for trehalose. Lipid composition in the cells at optimal temperature changed insignificantly at any pH tested. The increase in the temperature caused some drop in the storage and membrane lipid levels, remarkable changes in their composition, and the degree of unsaturated fatty acids. It was shown that the fatty acid composition of some membrane phospholipids varied considerably at changing pH and temperature values. The data showed a pivotal role and flexibility of the sugar and lipid composition of Y. lipolytica W29 in adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Yu Sekova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, bld 33-2, Leninsly Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.I.D.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
- Correspondence: (V.Y.S.); (E.P.I.)
| | - Daria I. Dergacheva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, bld 33-2, Leninsly Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.I.D.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
| | - Elena P. Isakova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, bld 33-2, Leninsly Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.I.D.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
- Correspondence: (V.Y.S.); (E.P.I.)
| | - Natalya N. Gessler
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, bld 33-2, Leninsly Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.I.D.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
| | - Vera M. Tereshina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, Moscow 119071, Russia;
| | - Yulia I. Deryabina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, bld 33-2, Leninsly Prospect, Moscow 119071, Russia; (D.I.D.); (N.N.G.); (Y.I.D.)
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10
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Liu C, Chen F, Zhang J, Liu L, Lei H, Li H, Wang Y, Liao YC, Tang H. Metabolic Changes of Fusarium graminearum Induced by TPS Gene Deletion. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:3317-3327. [PMID: 31241341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) mainly resulting from Fusarium graminearum (Fg) Schwabe is a notorious wheat disease causing huge losses in wheat production globally. Fg also produces mycotoxins, which are harmful to human and domestic animals. In our previous study, we obtained two Fg mutants, TPS1- and TPS2-, respectively, with a single deletion of trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2) compared with the wild type (WT). Both mutants were unable to synthesize trehalose and produced fewer mycotoxins. To understand the other biochemical changes induced by TPS gene deletion in Fg, we comprehensively analyzed the metabolomic differences between TPS- mutants and the WT using NMR together with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry. The expression of some relevant genes was also quantified. The results showed that TPS1- and TPS2- mutants shared some common metabolic feature such as decreased levels for trehalose, Val, Thr, Lys, Asp, His, Trp, malonate, citrate, uridine, guanosine, inosine, AMP, C10:0, and C16:1 compared with the WT. Both mutants also shared some common expressional patterns for most of the relevant genes. This suggests that apart from the reduced trehalose biosynthesis, both TPS1 and TPS2 have roles in inhibiting glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle but promoting the phosphopentose pathway and nucleotide synthesis; the depletion of either TPS gene reduces the acetyl-CoA-mediated mycotoxin biosynthesis. TPS2- mutants produced more fatty acids than TPS1- mutants, suggesting different roles for TPS1 and TPS2, with TPS2- mutants having impaired trehalose biosynthesis and trehalose 6-phosphate accumulation. This may offer opportunities for developing new fungicides targeting trehalose biosynthesis in Fg for FHB control and mycotoxin reduction in the FHB-affected cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences , Hubei University , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China.,Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, College of Plant Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Jingtao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China
| | - Laixing Liu
- School of Management , Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205 , P. R. China
| | - Hehua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China
| | - Heping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, College of Plant Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Yulan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China.,Singapore Phenome Centre, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang , Singapore
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, College of Plant Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , P. R. China
| | - Huiru Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan , Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics , Wuhan 430071 , P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Metabolomics and Systems Biology Laboratory in Human Phenome Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
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11
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Vicente RL, Spina L, Gómez JPL, Dejean S, Parrou JL, François JM. Trehalose-6-phosphate promotes fermentation and glucose repression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MICROBIAL CELL 2018; 5:444-459. [PMID: 30386789 PMCID: PMC6206404 DOI: 10.15698/mic2018.10.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (Tps1) catalyzes the formation of trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) in trehalose synthesis. Besides, Tps1 plays a key role in carbon and energy homeostasis in this microbial cell, as shown by the well documented loss of ATP and hyper accumulation of sugar phosphates in response to glucose addition in a mutant defective in this protein. The inability of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae tps1 mutant to cope with fermentable sugars is still a matter of debate. We reexamined this question through a quantitative analysis of the capability of TPS1 homologues from different origins to complement phenotypic defects of this mutant. Our results allowed to classify this complementation in three groups. A first group enclosed TPS1 of Klyveromyces lactis with that of S. cerevisiae as their expression in Sctps1 cells fully recovered wild type metabolic patterns and fermentation capacity in response to glucose. At the opposite was the group with TPS1 homologues from the bacteria Escherichia coli and Ralstonia solanacearum, the plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the insect Drosophila melanogaster whose metabolic profiles were comparable to those of a tps1 mutant, notably with almost no accumulation of T6P, strong impairment of ATP recovery and potent reduction of fermentation capacity, albeit these homologous genes were able to rescue growth of Sctps1 on glucose. In between was a group consisting of TPS1 homologues from other yeast species and filamentous fungi characterized by 5 to 10 times lower accumulation of T6P, a weaker recovery of ATP and a 3-times lower fermentation capacity than wild type. Finally, we found that glucose repression of gluconeogenic genes was strongly dependent on T6P. Altogether, our results suggest that the TPS protein is indispensable for growth on fermentable sugars, and points to a critical role of T6P as a sensing molecule that promotes sugar fermentation and glucose repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca L Vicente
- LISBP; UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792; Toulouse, France.,Fundación Alfonso Martín Escudero; Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucie Spina
- LISBP; UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792; Toulouse, France
| | | | - Sebastien Dejean
- Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean Marie François
- LISBP; UMR INSA-CNRS 5504 & INRA 792; Toulouse, France.,Toulouse White Biotechnology Center, UMS INSA-INRA-CNRS, F-31520 Ramonville
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12
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Jiang H, Liu GL, Chi Z, Hu Z, Chi ZM. Genetics of trehalose biosynthesis in desert-derived Aureobasidium melanogenum and role of trehalose in the adaptation of the yeast to extreme environments. Curr Genet 2017; 64:479-491. [PMID: 29018921 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-017-0762-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanin plays an important role in the stress adaptation of Aureobasidium melanogenum XJ5-1 isolated from the Taklimakan desert. A trehalose-6-phosphate synthase gene (TPS1 gene) was cloned from K5, characterized, and then deleted to determine the role of trehalose in the stress adaptation of the albino mutant K5. No stress response element and heat shock element were found in the promoter of the TPS1 gene. Deletion of the TPS1 gene in the albino mutant rendered a strain DT43 unable to synthesize any trehalose, but DT43 still could grow in glucose, suggesting that its hexokinase was insensitive to inhibition by trehalose-6-phosphate. Overexpression of the TPS1 gene enhanced trehalose biosynthesis in strain ET6. DT43 could not grow at 33 °C, whereas K5, ET6, and XJ5-1 could grow well at this temperature. Compared with K5 and ET6, DT43 was highly sensitive to heat shock treatment, high oxidation, and high desiccation, but all the three strains demonstrated the same sensitivity to UV light and high NaCl concentration. Therefore, trehalose played an important role in the adaptation of K5 to heat shock treatment, high oxidation, and high desiccation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan-Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang-Lei Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan-Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhe Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan-Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zhen-Ming Chi
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan-Road, No. 5, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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Additive roles of two TPS genes in trehalose synthesis, conidiation, multiple stress responses and host infection of a fungal insect pathogen. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:3637-3651. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Shi S, Ji H, Siewers V, Nielsen J. Improved production of fatty acids bySaccharomyces cerevisiaethrough screening a cDNA library from the oleaginous yeastYarrowia lipolytica. FEMS Yeast Res 2015; 16:fov108. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fov108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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15
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Flores CL, Gancedo C. The gene YALI0E20207g from Yarrowia lipolytica encodes an N-acetylglucosamine kinase implicated in the regulated expression of the genes from the N-acetylglucosamine assimilatory pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122135. [PMID: 25816199 PMCID: PMC4376941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica possesses an ORF, YALI0E20207g, which encodes a protein with an amino acid sequence similar to hexokinases from different organisms. We have cloned that gene and determined several enzymatic properties of its encoded protein showing that it is an N-acetylglucosamine (NAGA) kinase. This conclusion was supported by the lack of growth in NAGA of a strain carrying a YALI0E20207g deletion. We named this gene YlNAG5. Expression of YlNAG5 as well as that of the genes encoding the enzymes of the NAGA catabolic pathway-identified by a BLAST search-was induced by this sugar. Deletion of YlNAG5 rendered that expression independent of the presence of NAGA in the medium and reintroduction of the gene restored the inducibility, indicating that YlNag5 participates in the transcriptional regulation of the NAGA assimilatory pathway genes. Expression of YlNAG5 was increased during sporulation and homozygous Ylnag5/Ylnag5 diploid strains sporulated very poorly as compared with a wild type isogenic control strain pointing to a participation of the protein in the process. Overexpression of YlNAG5 allowed growth in glucose of an Ylhxk1glk1 double mutant and produced, in a wild type background, aberrant morphologies in different media. Expression of the gene in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae hxk1 hxk2 glk1 triple mutant restored ability to grow in glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen-Lisset Flores
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Carlos Gancedo
- Department of Metabolism and Cell Signalling, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
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Sherwood RK, Scaduto CM, Torres SE, Bennett RJ. Convergent evolution of a fused sexual cycle promotes the haploid lifestyle. Nature 2014; 506:387-390. [PMID: 24390351 PMCID: PMC4051440 DOI: 10.1038/nature12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Racquel Kim Sherwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 171 Meeting St, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Christine M Scaduto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 171 Meeting St, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Sandra E Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 171 Meeting St, Providence, RI, 02912
| | - Richard J Bennett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, 171 Meeting St, Providence, RI, 02912
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17
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Song XS, Li HP, Zhang JB, Song B, Huang T, Du XM, Gong AD, Liu YK, Feng YN, Agboola RS, Liao YC. Trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase is required for development, virulence and mycotoxin biosynthesis apart from trehalose biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 63:24-41. [PMID: 24291007 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose 6-phosphate synthase (TPS1) and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase (TPS2) are required for trehalose biosynthesis in yeast and filamentous fungi, including Fusarium graminearum. Three null mutants Δtps1, Δtps2 and Δtps1-Δtps2, each carrying either a single deletion of TPS1 or TPS2 or a double deletion of TPS1-TPS2, were generated from a toxigenic F. graminearum strain and were not able to synthesize trehalose. In contrast to its reported function in yeasts and filamentous fungi, TPS1 appeared dispensable for development and virulence. However, deletion of TPS2 abolished sporulation and sexual reproduction; it also altered cell polarity and ultrastructure of the cell wall in association with reduced chitin biosynthesis. The cell polarity alteration was exhibited as reduced apical growth and increased lateral growth and branching with increased hyphal and cell wall widths. Moreover, the TPS2-deficient strain displayed abnormal septum development and nucleus distribution in its conidia and vegetative hyphae. The Δtps2 mutant also had 62% lower mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar and 99% lower virulence on wheat compared with the wild-type. The Δtps1, Δtps2 and Δtps1-Δtps2 mutants synthesized over 3.08-, 7.09- and 2.47-fold less mycotoxins, respectively, on rice culture compared with the wild-type. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the Δtps1, Δtps2 and Δtps1-Δtps2 mutants had 486, 1885 and 146 genotype-specific genes, respectively, with significantly changed expression profiles compared with the wild-type. Further dissection of this pathway will provide new insights into regulation of fungal development, virulence and trichothecene biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Shi Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Ping Li
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Bo Zhang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Song
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Min Du
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Dong Gong
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ke Liu
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni Feng
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Rebecca S Agboola
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cai Liao
- Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory of Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China; National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Metabolic phenotypes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with altered trehalose 6-phosphate dynamics. Biochem J 2013; 454:227-37. [PMID: 23763276 DOI: 10.1042/bj20130587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, synthesis of T6P (trehalose 6-phosphate) is essential for growth on most fermentable carbon sources. In the present study, the metabolic response to glucose was analysed in mutants with different capacities to accumulate T6P. A mutant carrying a deletion in the T6P synthase encoding gene, TPS1, which had no measurable T6P, exhibited impaired ethanol production, showed diminished plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase activation, and became rapidly depleted of nearly all adenine nucleotides which were irreversibly converted into inosine. Deletion of the AMP deaminase encoding gene, AMD1, in the tps1 strain prevented inosine formation, but did not rescue energy balance or growth on glucose. Neither the 90%-reduced T6P content observed in a tps1 mutant expressing the Tps1 protein from Yarrowia lipolytica, nor the hyperaccumulation of T6P in the tps2 mutant had significant effects on fermentation rates, growth on fermentable carbon sources or plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase activation. However, intracellular metabolite dynamics and pH homoeostasis were strongly affected by changes in T6P concentrations. Hyperaccumulation of T6P in the tps2 mutant caused an increase in cytosolic pH and strongly reduced growth rates on non-fermentable carbon sources, emphasizing the crucial role of the trehalose pathway in the regulation of respiratory and fermentative metabolism.
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Impact of temperature stress and validamycin A on compatible solutes and fumonisin production in F. verticillioides: role of trehalose-6-phosphate synthase. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 57:1-10. [PMID: 23751979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is a pathogen of maize that causes root, stalk and ear rot and produces fumonisins, toxic secondary metabolites associated with disease in livestock and humans. Environmental stresses such as heat and drought influence disease severity and toxin production, but the effects of abiotic stress on compatible solute production by F. verticillioides have not been fully characterized. We found that decreasing the growth temperature leads to a long-term reduction in polyol levels, whereas increasing the temperature leads to a transient increase in polyols. The effects of temperature shifts on trehalose levels are opposite the effects on polyols and more dramatic. Treatment with validamycin A, a trehalose analog with antifungal activity, leads to a rapid reduction in trehalose levels, despite its known role as a trehalase inhibitor. Mutant strains lacking TPS1, which encodes a putative trehalose-6-phosphate synthase, have altered growth characteristics, do not produce detectable amounts of trehalose under any condition tested, and accumulate glycogen at levels significantly higher than wild-type F. verticillioides. TPS1 mutants also produce significantly less fumonisin than wild type and are also less pathogenic than wild type on maize. These data link trehalose biosynthesis, secondary metabolism, and disease, and suggest that trehalose metabolic pathways may be a viable target for the control of Fusarium diseases and fumonisin contamination of maize.
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