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Arnette SD, Simonitis LE, Egan JP, Cohen KE, Kolmann MA. True grit? Comparative anatomy and evolution of gizzards in fishes. J Anat 2024; 244:260-273. [PMID: 37770122 PMCID: PMC10780153 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut morphology frequently reflects the food organisms digest. Gizzards are organs of the gut found in archosaurs and fishes that mechanically reduce food to aid digestion. Gizzards are thought to compensate for edentulism and/or provide an advantage when consuming small, tough food items (e.g., phytoplankton and algae). It is unknown how widespread gizzards are in fishes and how similar these structures are among different lineages. Here, we investigate the distribution of gizzards across bony fishes to (1) survey different fishes for gizzard presence, (2) compare the histological structure of gizzards in three species, (3) estimate how often gizzards have evolved in fishes, and (4) explore whether anatomical and ecological traits like edentulism and microphagy predict gizzard presence. According to our analyses, gizzards are rare across bony fishes, evolving only six times in a broad taxonomic sampling of 51 species, and gizzard presence is not clearly correlated with factors like gut length or dentition. We find that gizzard morphology varies among the lineages where one is present, both macroscopically (presence of a crop) and microscopically (varying tissue types). We conclude that gizzards likely aid in the mechanical reduction of food in fishes that have lost an oral dentition in their evolutionary past; however, the relative scarcity of gizzards suggests they are just one of many possible solutions for processing tough, nutrient-poor food items. Gizzards have long been present in the evolutionary history of fishes, can be found in a wide variety of marine and freshwater clades, and likely have been overlooked in many taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Arnette
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA
| | - L E Simonitis
- Friday Harbor Labs, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA
- Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - J P Egan
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - K E Cohen
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - M A Kolmann
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Mihalitsis M, Wainwright PC. Feeding kinematics of a surgeonfish reveal novel functions and relationships to reef substrata. Commun Biol 2024; 7:13. [PMID: 38172236 PMCID: PMC10764775 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biting to obtain attached benthic prey characterizes a large number of fish species on coral reefs, and is a feeding mode that contributes to important ecosystem functions. We use high-speed video to reveal the mechanisms used by a surgeonfish, Acanthurus leucosternon, to detach algae. After gripping algae in its jaws, the species pulls it by ventrally rotating both the head and the closed jaws, in a novel use of the intra-mandibular joint. These motions remain in the plane of the fish, reducing the use of a lateral head flick to detach the algae. The novel ability to bite and pull algae off the substrate without bending the body laterally minimizes exposure to high water flows, and may be an adaptation to feeding in challenging reef habitats such as the crest and flat. Therefore, our results could potentially represent a key milestone in the evolutionary history of coral reef trophodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalis Mihalitsis
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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3
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Conith MR, Ringo D, Conith AJ, Deleon A, Wagner M, McMenamin S, Cason C, Cooper WJ. The Evolution of Feeding Mechanics in the Danioninae, or Why Giant Danios Don't Suck Like Zebrafish. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac049. [PMID: 36518182 PMCID: PMC9730500 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
By linking anatomical structure to mechanical performance we can improve our understanding of how selection shapes morphology. Here we examined the functional morphology of feeding in fishes of the subfamily Danioninae (order Cypriniformes) to determine aspects of cranial evolution connected with their trophic diversification. The Danioninae comprise three major lineages and each employs a different feeding strategy. We gathered data on skull form and function from species in each clade, then assessed their evolutionary dynamics using phylogenetic-comparative methods. Differences between clades are strongly associated with differences in jaw protrusion. The paedomorphic Danionella clade does not use jaw protrusion at all, members of the Danio clade use jaw protrusion for suction production and prey capture, and members of the sister clade to Danio (e.g., Devario and Microdevario) use jaw protrusion to retain prey after capture. The shape of the premaxillary bone is a major determinant of protrusion ability, and premaxilla morphology in each of these lineages is consistent with their protrusion strategies. Premaxilla shapes have evolved rapidly, which indicates that they have been subjected to strong selection. We compared premaxilla development in giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and discuss a developmental mechanism that could shift danionine fishes between the feeding strategies employed by these species and their respective clades. We also identified a highly integrated evolutionary module that has been an important factor in the evolution of trophic mechanics within the Danioninae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Conith
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - D Ringo
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - A J Conith
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - A Deleon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - M Wagner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - S McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - C Cason
- Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - W J Cooper
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
- Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
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4
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Martinez CM, Tovar AJ, Wainwright PC. A novel intramandibular joint facilitates feeding versatility in the sixbar distichodus. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:273910. [PMID: 34989395 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.243621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The intramandibular joint (IMJ) is a secondary point of movement between the two major bones of the lower jaw. It has independently evolved in several groups of teleost fishes, each time representing a departure from related species in which the mandible functions as a single structure rotating only at the quadratomandibular joint (QMJ). In this study, we examine kinematic consequences of the IMJ novelty in a freshwater characiform fish, the herbivorous Distichodus sexfasciatus. We combine traditional kinematic approaches with trajectory-based analysis of motion shapes to compare patterns of prey capture movements during substrate biting, the fish's native feeding mode, and suction of prey from the water column. We find that the IMJ enables complex jaw motions and contributes to feeding versatility by allowing the fish to modulate its kinematics in response to different prey and to various scenarios of jaw-substrate interaction. Implications of the IMJ include context-dependent movements of lower versus upper jaws, enhanced lower jaw protrusion, and the ability to maintain contact between the teeth and substrate throughout the jaw closing or biting phase of the motion. The IMJ in D. sexfasciatus appears to be an adaptation for removing attached benthic prey, consistent with its function in other groups that have evolved the joint. This study builds on our understanding of the role of the IMJ during prey capture and provides insights into broader implications of the innovative trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Martinez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Angelly J Tovar
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter C Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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5
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Baraf LM, Pratchett MS, Cowman PF. Ancestral biogeography and ecology of marine angelfishes (F: Pomacanthidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 140:106596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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6
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Friedman ST, Martinez CM, Price SA, Wainwright PC. The influence of size on body shape diversification across Indo‐Pacific shore fishes*. Evolution 2019; 73:1873-1884. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T. Friedman
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis California 95616
| | | | - Samantha A. Price
- Department of Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Peter C. Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis California 95616
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7
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Huby A, Lowie A, Herrel A, Vigouroux R, Frédérich B, Raick X, Kurchevski G, Godinho AL, Parmentier E. Functional diversity in biters: the evolutionary morphology of the oral jaw system in pacus, piranhas and relatives (Teleostei: Serrasalmidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Serrasalmid fishes form a highly specialized group of biters that show a large trophic diversity, ranging from pacus able to crush seeds to piranhas capable of cutting flesh. Their oral jaw system has been hypothesized to be forceful, but variation in bite performance and morphology with respect to diet has not previously been investigated. We tested whether herbivorous species have higher bite forces, larger jaw muscles and more robust jaws than carnivorous species. We measured in vivo and theoretical bite forces in 27 serrasalmid species. We compared the size of the adductor mandibulae muscle, the jaw mechanical advantages, the type of jaw occlusion, and the size and shape of the lower jaw. We also examined the association between bite performance and functional morphological traits of the oral jaw system. Contrary to our predictions, carnivorous piranhas deliver stronger bites than their herbivorous counterparts. The size of the adductor mandibulae muscle varies with bite force and muscles are larger in carnivorous species. Our study highlights an underestimated level of functional morphological diversity in a fish group of exclusive biters. We provide evidence that the trophic specialization towards carnivory in piranhas results from changes in the configuration of the adductor mandibulae muscle and the lower jaw shape, which have major effects on bite performance and bite strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Huby
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Lowie
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR7179 MNHN/CNRS, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Régis Vigouroux
- HYDRECO GUYANE, Laboratory Environment of Petit Saut, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Xavier Raick
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gregório Kurchevski
- Fish Passage Center, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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8
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Gurjão LMD, Lotufo TMDC. Native species exploited by marine aquarium trade in Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Brazil has an important role in marine ornamental trade, exploiting native species for both international and domestic market. A few works have previously assessed wild species exploited by the Brazilian marine aquarium industry and most of them focused solely on fish. Hence, the present paper intends to address an information gap regarding the species currently traded in the country, as well as concerning their conservation statuses. Thus, different sources of information were investigated and each species was categorized in accordance with existing lists of threatened species. A wide variety of native species was identified in Brazilian marine aquarium trade, including not only fish but also invertebrates, seaweeds and macrophytes. Some of these species were legally protected, but are still commerced anyway. Such illegal exploitation of native species causes increasing concerns about the sustainability of the activity. Therefore, in order to reduce environmental impacts caused by marine ornamental trade, Brazilian authorities should encourage the implementation of eco-fees, the purchase of eco-labeled aquarium products, the development of sustainable ornamental aquaculture and ecosystem-based management initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívio Moreira de Gurjão
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, Brasil; Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brasil
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9
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Konow N, Price S, Abom R, Bellwood D, Wainwright P. Decoupled diversification dynamics of feeding morphology following a major functional innovation in marine butterflyfishes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0906. [PMID: 28768889 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of fishes on coral reefs is influenced by the evolution of feeding innovations. For instance, the evolution of an intramandibular jaw joint has aided shifts to corallivory in Chaetodon butterflyfishes following their Miocene colonization of coral reefs. Today, over half of all Chaetodon species consume coral, easily the largest concentration of corallivores in any reef fish family. In contrast with Chaetodon, other chaetodontids, including the long-jawed bannerfishes, remain less intimately associated with coral and mainly consume other invertebrate prey. Here, we test (i) if intramandibular joint (IMJ) evolution in Chaetodon has accelerated feeding morphological diversification, and (ii) if cranial and post-cranial traits were affected similarly. We measured 19 cranial functional morphological traits, gut length and body elongation for 33 Indo-Pacific species. Comparisons of Brownian motion rate parameters revealed that cranial diversification was about four times slower in Chaetodon butterflyfishes with the IMJ than in other chaetodontids. However, the rate of gut length evolution was significantly faster in Chaetodon, with no group-differences for body elongation. The contrasting patterns of cranial and post-cranial morphological evolution stress the importance of comprehensive datasets in ecomorphology. The IMJ appears to enhance coral feeding ability in Chaetodon and represents a design breakthrough that facilitates this trophic strategy. Meanwhile, variation in gut anatomy probably reflects diversity in how coral tissues are procured and assimilated. Bannerfishes, by contrast, retain a relatively unspecialized gut for processing invertebrate prey, but have evolved some of the most extreme cranial mechanical innovations among bony fishes for procuring elusive prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01852, USA
| | - Samantha Price
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Richard Abom
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - David Bellwood
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Peter Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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10
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Baliga VB, Bernstein ZJ, Sundaram S, Mehta RS. Labrid cleaner fishes show kinematic convergence as juveniles despite variation in morphology. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:2787-2797. [PMID: 28515238 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cleaning, a dietary strategy in which mucus or ectoparasites are removed and consumed off other taxa, is performed facultatively or obligately in a variety of species. We explored whether species in the Labridae (wrasses, parrotfishes) of varying ecological specialization employ similar mechanisms of prey capture. In investigating feeding on attached prey among juveniles of 19 species of wrasses, we found that patterns of biting in wrasses are influenced by the interaction between the maxilla and a feature of the premaxilla which we term the maxillary crest. Premaxillary motion during biting appears to be guided by the relative size of the crest. In many cases, this results in a 'premaxillary bite' wherein the premaxillae rapidly move anteroventrally to meet the lower jaws and deliver a protruded bite. Cleaners in the Labrichthyini tribe, however, exhibited reduced or absent maxillary crests. This coincided with a distinct kinematic pattern of prey capture in these labrichthyine cleaners, coupled with some of the fastest and lowest-excursion jaw movements. Although evidence of kinematic specialization can be found in these labrichthyines (most notably in the obligate cleaners in Labroides), we found that facultative cleaners from other lineages similarly evolved reductions in excursions and timing. Convergence in feeding kinematics is thus apparent despite varying degrees of cleaning specialization and underlying morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B Baliga
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Ze'ev J Bernstein
- Pacific Collegiate School, 3004 Mission Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Shivani Sundaram
- Monta Vista High School, 21840 McClellan Rd, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA
| | - Rita S Mehta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, University of California Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
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11
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Frédérich B, Santini F, Konow N, Schnitzler J, Lecchini D, Alfaro ME. Body shape convergence driven by small size optimum in marine angelfishes. Biol Lett 2017; 13:20170154. [PMID: 28615351 PMCID: PMC5493737 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent evolution of small body size occurs across many vertebrate clades and may reflect an evolutionary response to shared selective pressures. However it remains unclear if other aspects of phenotype undergo convergent evolution in miniaturized lineages. Here we present a comparative analysis of body size and shape evolution in marine angelfishes (Pomacanthidae), a reef fish family characterized by repeated transitions to small body size. We ask if lineages that evolve small sizes show convergent evolution in body shape. Our results reveal that angelfish lineages evolved three different stable size optima with one corresponding to the group of pygmy angelfishes (Centropyge). Then, we test if the observed shifts in body size are associated with changes to new adaptive peaks in shape. Our data suggest that independent evolution to small size optima have induced repeated convergence upon deeper body and steeper head profile in Centropyge These traits may favour manoeuvrability and visual awareness in these cryptic species living among corals, illustrating that functional demands on small size may be related to habitat specialization and predator avoidance. The absence of shape convergence in large marine angelfishes also suggests that more severe requirements exist for small than for large size optima.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Nicolai Konow
- Department of Biological Sciences, UMass, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Schnitzler
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, TiHo Hannover, Büsum, Germany
| | - David Lecchini
- USR 3278, PSL, Labex 'Corail', CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Michael E Alfaro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Floeter SR, Bender MG, Siqueira AC, Cowman PF. Phylogenetic perspectives on reef fish functional traits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:131-151. [PMID: 28464469 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Functional traits have been fundamental to the evolution and diversification of entire fish lineages on coral reefs. Yet their relationship with the processes promoting speciation, extinction and the filtering of local species pools remains unclear. We review the current literature exploring the evolution of diet, body size, water column use and geographic range size in reef-associated fishes. Using published and new data, we mapped functional traits on to published phylogenetic trees to uncover evolutionary patterns that have led to the current functional diversity of fishes on coral reefs. When examining reconstructed patterns for diet and feeding mode, we found examples of independent transitions to planktivory across different reef fish families. Such transitions and associated morphological alterations may represent cases in which ecological opportunity for the exploitation of different resources drives speciation and adaptation. In terms of body size, reconstructions showed that both large and small sizes appear multiple times within clades of mid-sized fishes and that extreme body sizes have arisen mostly in the last 10 million years (Myr). The reconstruction of range size revealed many cases of disparate range sizes among sister species. Such range size disparity highlights potential vicariant processes through isolation in peripheral locations. When accounting for peripheral speciation processes in sister pairs, we found a significant relationship between labrid range size and lineage age. The diversity and evolution of traits within lineages is influenced by trait-environment interactions as well as by species and trait-trait interactions, where the presence of a given trait may trigger the development of related traits or behaviours. Our effort to assess the evolution of functional diversity across reef fish clades adds to the burgeoning research focusing on the evolutionary and ecological roles of functional traits. We argue that the combination of a phylogenetic and a functional approach will improve the understanding of the mechanisms of species assembly in extraordinarily rich coral reef communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio R Floeter
- Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana G Bender
- Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Alexandre C Siqueira
- Depto. de Ecologia e Zoologia, Marine Macroecology and Biogeography Laboratory, CCB, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Peter F Cowman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, U.S.A.,Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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13
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14
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Cooper WJ, Carter CB, Conith AJ, Rice AN, Westneat MW. The evolution of jaw protrusion mechanics is tightly coupled to bentho-pelagic divergence in damselfishes (Pomacentridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 220:652-666. [PMID: 27913600 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.143115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most species-rich lineages of aquatic organisms have undergone divergence between forms that feed from the substrate (benthic feeding) and forms that feed from the water column (pelagic feeding). Changes in trophic niche are frequently accompanied by changes in skull mechanics, and multiple fish lineages have evolved highly specialized biomechanical configurations that allow them to protrude their upper jaws toward the prey during feeding. Damselfishes (family Pomacentridae) are an example of a species-rich lineage with multiple trophic morphologies and feeding ecologies. We sought to determine whether bentho-pelagic divergence in the damselfishes is tightly coupled to changes in jaw protrusion ability. Using high-speed video recordings and kinematic analysis, we examined feeding performance in 10 species that include three examples of convergence on herbivory, three examples of convergence on omnivory and two examples of convergence on planktivory. We also utilized morphometrics to characterize the feeding morphology of an additional 40 species that represent all 29 damselfish genera. Comparative phylogenetic analyses were then used to examine the evolution of trophic morphology and biomechanical performance. We find that pelagic-feeding damselfishes (planktivores) are strongly differentiated from extensively benthic-feeding species (omnivores and herbivores) by their jaw protrusion ability, upper jaw morphology and the functional integration of upper jaw protrusion with lower jaw abduction. Most aspects of cranial form and function that separate these two ecological groups have evolved in correlation with each other and the evolution of the functional morphology of feeding in damselfishes has involved repeated convergence in form, function and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Casey B Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Andrew J Conith
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, 204C French Hall, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 230 Stockbridge Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Aaron N Rice
- Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Mark W Westneat
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, The University of Chicago, 1027 E. 57th St., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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15
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Baliga VB, Mehta RS. Linking cranial morphology to prey capture kinematics in three cleaner wrasses:Labroides dimidiatus,Larabicus quadrilineatus, andThalassoma lutescens. J Morphol 2015; 276:1377-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram B. Baliga
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz California 95060
| | - Rita S. Mehta
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory; University of California Santa Cruz; Santa Cruz California 95060
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16
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Gibb AC, Staab K, Moran C, Ferry LA. The Teleost Intramandibular Joint: A mechanism That Allows Fish to Obtain Prey Unavailable to Suction Feeders. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:85-96. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hernandez LP, Staab KL. Bottom Feeding and Beyond: How the Premaxillary Protrusion of Cypriniforms Allowed for a Novel Kind of Suction Feeding. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:74-84. [PMID: 25976909 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While much of the functional work on suction feeding has involved members of Acanthopterygii, an earlier cypriniform radiation led to over 3200 species filling nearly every freshwater trophic niche. Within the great majority of acanthomorph clades that have been investigated suction feeding and the underlying morphology responsible for the generation of rapid suction have been largely conserved. This conserved feeding-apparatus is often associated with increasing the force experienced by the prey item, thus making a strike on elusive prey more effective. Cypriniforms' trophic anatomy is comprised of a number of novelties used for benthic feeding, which characterized early members of this clade. The modified cypriniform structure of the oral jaws represents a situation in which a particular type of suction feeding allowed for probing the benthos with a more functionally maneuverable anatomy. Requisite evolutionary modifications included origin and elongation of a median kinethmoid, duplications of certain divisions of the muscles of the adductor mandibulae, and origin of a dorsal, intra-buccal muscular palatal organ used in winnowing detritus. The elongated kinethmoid (coupled with modified adductor muscles) allowed for a type of premaxillary protrusion that decoupled the upper and lower jaws, enabled premaxillary protrusions with a closed mouth, and facilitated benthic feeding by increasing functional flexibility. The resultant flow of fluid generated by cypriniforms is also quite flexible, with multiple instances of peak flow in a single feeding event. This greatly modified morphology allowed for a degree of kinematic maneuverability not seen within most acanthomorphs. Later cypriniform radiations into piscivorous, insectivorous, or planktivorous feeding guilds were associated with shortening of the kinethmoid and with simplified morphology of the adductor, likely involving an emphasis on ram feeding. Although this suite of morphological novelties seemingly originated within the context of benthic feeding, with minimal modifications these anatomical features were later coopted during radiations into different functional niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Patricia Hernandez
- *Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Katie Lynn Staab
- *Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
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Functional anatomy and kinematics of the oral jaw system during terrestrial feeding inPeriophthalmus barbarus. J Morphol 2014; 275:1145-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Davis AM, Unmack PJ, Pusey BJ, Pearson RG, Morgan DL. Ontogenetic development of intestinal length and relationships to diet in an Australasian fish family (Terapontidae). BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:53. [PMID: 23441994 PMCID: PMC3598832 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most widely accepted ecomorphological relationships in vertebrates is the negative correlation between intestinal length and proportion of animal prey in diet. While many fish groups exhibit this general pattern, other clades demonstrate minimal, and in some cases contrasting, associations between diet and intestinal length. Moreover, this relationship and its evolutionary derivation have received little attention from a phylogenetic perspective. This study documents the phylogenetic development of intestinal length variability, and resultant correlation with dietary habits, within a molecular phylogeny of 28 species of terapontid fishes. The Terapontidae (grunters), an ancestrally euryhaline-marine group, is the most trophically diverse of Australia's freshwater fish families, with widespread shifts away from animal-prey-dominated diets occurring since their invasion of fresh waters. RESULTS Description of ontogenetic development of intestinal complexity of terapontid fishes, in combination with ancestral character state reconstruction, demonstrated that complex intestinal looping (convolution) has evolved independently on multiple occasions within the family. This modification of ontogenetic development drives much of the associated interspecific variability in intestinal length evident in terapontids. Phylogenetically informed comparative analyses (phylogenetic independent contrasts) showed that the interspecific differences in intestinal length resulting from these ontogenetic developmental mechanisms explained ~65% of the variability in the proportion of animal material in terapontid diets. CONCLUSIONS The ontogenetic development of intestinal complexity appears to represent an important functional innovation underlying the extensive trophic differentiation seen in Australia's freshwater terapontids, specifically facilitating the pronounced shifts away from carnivorous (including invertebrates and vertebrates) diets evident across the family. The capacity to modify intestinal morphology and physiology may also be an important facilitator of trophic diversification during other phyletic radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Davis
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - Peter J Unmack
- National Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC, 27705-4667, USA
| | - Bradley J Pusey
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, University of Western Australia, Albany, 6330, Australia
| | - Richard G Pearson
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - David L Morgan
- Freshwater Fish Group and Fish Health Unit, Murdoch University, South St., Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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Ferry LA, Konow N, Gibb AC. Are Kissing Gourami Specialized for Substrate-Feeding? Prey Capture Kinematics ofHelostoma temminckiiand Other Anabantoid Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 317:571-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lara A. Ferry
- Mathematical & Natural Sciences; Arizona State University; Phoenix; Arizona
| | - Nicolai Konow
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Brown University; Providence; Rhode Island
| | - Alice C. Gibb
- Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff; Arizona
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