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Park JH, Lee SW, Choi D, Lee C, Sung YC. Harnessing the Power of IL-7 to Boost T Cell Immunity in Experimental and Clinical Immunotherapies. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e9. [PMID: 38455462 PMCID: PMC10917577 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytokine IL-7 plays critical and nonredundant roles in T cell immunity so that the abundance and availability of IL-7 act as key regulatory mechanisms in T cell immunity. Importantly, IL-7 is not produced by T cells themselves but primarily by non-lymphoid lineage stromal cells and epithelial cells that are limited in their numbers. Thus, T cells depend on cell extrinsic IL-7, and the amount of in vivo IL-7 is considered a major factor in maximizing and maintaining the number of T cells in peripheral tissues. Moreover, IL-7 provides metabolic cues and promotes the survival of both naïve and memory T cells. Thus, IL-7 is also essential for the functional fitness of T cells. In this regard, there has been an extensive effort trying to increase the protein abundance of IL-7 in vivo, with the aim to augment T cell immunity and harness T cell functions in anti-tumor responses. Such approaches started under experimental animal models, but they recently culminated into clinical studies, with striking effects in re-establishing T cell immunity in immunocompromised patients, as well as boosting anti-tumor effects. Depending on the design, glycosylation, and the structure of recombinantly engineered IL-7 proteins and their mimetics, recombinant IL-7 molecules have shown dramatic differences in their stability, efficacy, cellular effects, and overall immune functions. The current review is aimed to summarize the past and present efforts in the field that led to clinical trials, and to highlight the therapeutical significance of IL-7 biology as a master regulator of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Research Institute of NeoImmune Tech., Co, Ltd., Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang 37666, Korea
| | - Changhyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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2
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Combined IgE neutralization and Bifidobacterium longum supplementation reduces the allergic response in models of food allergy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5669. [PMID: 36167830 PMCID: PMC9515155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE is central to the development of allergic diseases, and its neutralization alleviates allergic symptoms. However, most of these antibodies are based on IgG1, which is associated with an increased risk of fragment crystallizable-mediated side effects. Moreover, omalizumab, an anti-IgE antibody approved for therapeutic use, has limited benefits for patients with high IgE levels. Here, we assess a fusion protein with extracellular domain of high affinity IgE receptor, FcεRIα, linked to a IgD/IgG4 hybrid Fc domain we term IgETRAP, to reduce the risk of IgG1 Fc-mediated side effects. IgETRAP shows enhanced IgE binding affinity compared to omalizumab. We also see an enhanced therapeutic effect of IgETRAP in food allergy models when combined with Bifidobacterium longum, which results in mast cell number and free IgE levels. The combination of IgETRAP and B. longum may therefore represent a potent treatment for allergic patients with high IgE levels. IgE is a critical component of the allergic response and therapeutic targeting can alleviate symptomology. Here the authors propose the combined use of Bifidobacterium longum and a FcεRIα extracellular domain linked to a IgD/IgG4 hybrid Fc domain fusion protein called IgETRAP and show reduction of mast cell and IgE levels in models of food allergy.
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3
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Hwang I, Jin HT, Kang MC, Kim TY, Sung YC, Kim SW. Generation and functional characterization of a multigene-modified NK101 cell line exerting diverse mechanisms of antitumor action. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2014655. [PMID: 36524207 PMCID: PMC9746629 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2014655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clonal cell line-based, multigene-modified, off-the-shelf NK cell therapeutics are emerging as the new frontier of adoptive cellular immunotherapy. Here, we utilized a newly established NK cell line, NK101, as a backbone to derive multifaceted killer cells armored with various antitumor modalities through repeated cycles of genetic modification and clonal selection. First, NK101 cells were transduced with a tricistronic lentiviral vector expressing CD7, CD28, and cytosine deaminase (CD). The resulting cell line demonstrated enhanced cytotoxicity against B7+ tumors and exerted bystander killing effects on neighboring tumor cells upon 5-FC treatment. Second, engineered NK101 cells were again transduced with a bicistronic vector expressing membrane-bound interleukin-15 (mbIL-15) and dominant negative TGFβ type II receptor (DNTβRII). Ectopic expression of mbIL-15 resulted in further augmentation of lytic activities against all tested target cells by inducing upregulation of multiple activating receptors, while that of DNTβRII allowed the cells to maintain heightened cytotoxicity in the presence of TGFβ. Finally, dual-transduced NK101 cells were modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting either a solid tumor antigen (EpCAM) or a hematologic tumor antigen (FLT3). The final engineered products not only demonstrated antigen-specific killing activities in vitro but also exerted strong tumor-inhibitory effects in preclinical models of metastatic solid tumor and hematologic malignancy. Notably, combined treatment with 5-FC further enhanced antitumor efficacy of engineered NK101 in the solid tumor model. Our results demonstrate successful generation of multigene-modified NK101 cell therapeutics exerting diverse mechanisms of antitumor action - activation receptor-mediated innate killing, antigen-specific killing, and bystander effect-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Injung Hwang
- SL BiGen, Inc., Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Tak Jin
- Progen. Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Cheol Kang
- SL BiGen, Inc., Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Kim
- SL BiGen, Inc., Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea,Young Chul Sung Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Won Kim
- SL BiGen, Inc., Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea,CONTACT Sae Won Kim Sl BiGen, Inc, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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4
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Kim YJ, Koh EM, Song CH, Byun MS, Choi YR, Jeon EJ, Hwang K, Kim SK, Yang SI, Jung KJ. Preclinical immunogenicity testing using anti-drug antibody analysis of GX-G3, Fc-fused recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, in rat and monkey models. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12004. [PMID: 34099775 PMCID: PMC8184775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, this study used Fc-fused recombinant G-CSF; GX-G3) is an important glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation of granulocytes and white blood cells. Thus, G-CSF treatment has been considered as a crucial regimen to accelerate recovery from chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in cancer patients suffering from non-myeloid malignancy or acute myeloid leukemia. Despite the therapeutic advantages of G-CSF treatment, an assessment of its immunogenicity must be performed to determine whether the production of anti-G-CSF antibodies causes immune-related disorders. We optimized and validated analytical tools by adopting validation parameters for immunogenicity assessment. Using these validated tools, we analyzed serum samples from rats and monkeys injected subcutaneously with GX-G3 (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week recovery period) to determine immunogenicity response and toxicokinetic parameters with serum concentration of GX-G3. Several rats and monkeys were determined to be positive for anti-GX-G3 antibodies. Moreover, the immunogenicity response of GX-G3 was lower in monkeys than in rats, which was relevant to show less inhibition of toxicokinetic profiles in monkeys, at least 1 mg/kg administrated group, compared to rats. These results suggested the establishment and validation for analyzing anti-GX-G3 antibodies and measurement of serum levels of GX-G3 and anti-GX-G3 antibodies, which was related with toxicokinetic profiles. Taken together, this study provides immunogenicity assessment which is closely implicated with toxicokinetic study of GX-G3 in 4-week repeated administrated toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Kim
- Genexine, Inc, Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Mi Koh
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hun Song
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34131, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Byun
- Genexine, Inc, Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Ri Choi
- Genexine, Inc, Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Jeon
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Hwang
- Jeonbuk Analytical Research Group, In Vivo Hazard Evaluation and Research Division, Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyum Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34131, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang In Yang
- Genexine, Inc, Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Jin Jung
- Bioanalytical and Immunoanalytical Research Group, Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Gattinger P, Izadi S, Grünwald-Gruber C, Kallolimath S, Castilho A. The Instability of Dimeric Fc-Fusions Expressed in Plants Can Be Solved by Monomeric Fc Technology. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:671728. [PMID: 34305971 PMCID: PMC8299721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.671728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential therapeutic value of many proteins is ultimately limited by their rapid in vivo clearance. One strategy to limit clearance by metabolism and excretion, and improving the stability of therapeutic proteins, is their fusion to the immunoglobulin fragment crystallizable region (Fc). The Fc region plays multiple roles in (i) dimerization for the formation of "Y"-shaped structure of Ig, (ii) Fc-mediated effector functions, (iii) extension of serum half-life, and (iv) a cost-effective purification tag. Plants and in particular Nicotiana benthamiana have proven to be suitable expression platforms for several recombinant therapeutic proteins. Despite the enormous success of their use for the production of full-length monoclonal antibodies, the expression of Fc-fused therapeutic proteins in plants has shown limitations. Many Fc-fusion proteins expressed in plants show different degrees of instability resulting in high amounts of Fc-derived degradation products. To address this issue, we used erythropoietin (EPO) as a reporter protein and evaluated the efforts to enhance the expression of full-length EPO-Fc targeted to the apoplast of N. benthamiana. Our results show that the instability of the fusion protein is independent from the Fc origin or IgG subclass and from the peptide sequence used to link the two domains. We also show that a similar instability occurs upon the expression of individual heavy chains of monoclonal antibodies and ScFv-Fc that mimic the "Y"-shape of antibodies but lack the light chain. We propose that in this configuration, steric hindrance between the protein domains leads to physical instability. Indeed, mutations of critical residues located on the Fc dimerization interface allowed the expression of fully stable EPO monomeric Fc-fusion proteins. We discuss the limitations of Fc-fusion technology in N. benthamiana transient expression systems and suggest strategies to optimize the Fc-based scaffolds on their folding and aggregation resistance in order to improve the stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Gattinger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shiva Izadi
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Clemens Grünwald-Gruber
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Somanath Kallolimath
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Institute for Plant Biotechnology and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Alexandra Castilho,
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6
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An IB, Byun MS, Yang SI, Choi Y, Woo JW, Jang HC, Sung YC. A glycosylated Fc-fused glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exhibits equivalent glucose lowering to but fewer gastrointestinal side effects than dulaglutide. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1455-1468. [PMID: 32314505 PMCID: PMC7383507 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel glycosylated Fc-fused glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1-gFc) receptor agonist with distinctive receptor binding affinity, designed to improve in vivo stability and safety relative to the commercial GLP-1 analogue dulaglutide, and assess its safety profile and pharmacokinetics in healthy humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed GLP-1-gFc and determined its binding affinity and potency using in vitro instrumental and cell-based analyses followed by in vivo comparison of the glucose-lowering and gastrointestinal side effects between GLP-1-gFc and dulaglutide. A phase 1 clinical trial was conducted to confirm the efficacy and safety profile of GLP-1-gFc. RESULTS GLP-1-gFc showed 10-fold less binding affinity and 4-fold less potency than dulaglutide in in vitro. A potency-adjusted dose delayed HbA1c increase comparable with that of dulaglutide (Change for 6 weeks: 2.4 mg/kg GLP-1-gFc, 4.34 ± 0.40 vs. 0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide, 4.26 ± 0.22; n.s.). However, the equivalent efficacy dose and higher dose did not induce malaise-related responses (blueberry bar consumption, g/mouse: 2.4 mg/kg GLP-1-gFc, 0.15% ± 0.03% vs. 0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide, 0.04% ± 0.01%; P < .01) or QT interval changes (mean at 14-20 hours, mSc: 0.28 mg/kg GLP-1-gFc, 0.0-8.0 vs. 0.07 mg/kg dulaglutide, 8.0-27.7; n.s.), observed as safety variables in rats and monkeys, compared with those of dulaglutide. Glucose reductions in an oral glucose tolerance test were significant at day 3 postdose without severe gastrointestinal adverse events and pulse rate changes in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GLP-1-gFc could be used as a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist with better safety than dulaglutide to maximize therapeutic benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Bok An
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Byun
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang In Yang
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Woo
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
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7
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Lee SW, Choi D, Heo M, Shin EC, Park SH, Kim SJ, Oh YK, Lee BH, Yang SH, Sung YC, Lee H. hIL-7-hyFc, A Long-Acting IL-7, Increased Absolute Lymphocyte Count in Healthy Subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:1161-1169. [PMID: 32339447 PMCID: PMC7719369 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A low lymphocyte count puts immune-compromised patients at risk of mortality. hIL-7-hyFc is a homodimeric interleukin-7 (IL-7), a potent T-cell amplifier, fused to the hybridizing IgD/IgG4 immunoglobulin domain. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, phase I study to assess the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity profiles of hIL-7-hyFc administered s.c. and i.m. to healthy volunteers. Thirty subjects randomly received hIL-7-hyFc or its matching placebo in an 8:2 ratio at 20, 60 μg/kg s.c., or 60 μg/kg i.m. The hIL-7-hyFc was slowly absorbed and its terminal half-life was 63.26 hours after i.m. administration. The hIL-7-hyFc increased absolute lymphocyte count, mostly in T-cells, which peaked 3 weeks after administration and then lasted for several additional weeks. The hIL-7-hyFc was well-tolerated after a single s.c. and i.m. administration. Injection site reaction was the most common treatment-emergent adverse event, which resolved spontaneously without treatment. The hIL-7-hyFc can be developed into a beneficial treatment option for patients with compromised T-cell immunity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02860715.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - MinKyu Heo
- Genexine, Inc., Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - So Jeong Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Howard Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Kim SW, Park HW, Kim H, Lee S, Choi SY, Park Y, Lee SW. Evaluating Antitumor Activity of Kiatomab by Targeting Cancer Stem Cell-Specific KIAA1114 Antigen in Mice. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e43. [PMID: 31921473 PMCID: PMC6943170 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A full-length translational product of the trophinin gene, KIAA1114, is a distinctive marker of cancer stem cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma, and a mAb, Kiatomab, is specific to KIAA1114 antigen. In this study, we addressed the therapeutic potential of Kiatomab for treating both metastatic and solid tumors in mouse models. Kiatomab recognizes the linear epitope of KIAA1114, which is expressed on cell surfaces of various murine cancer cell lines. Kiatomab treatment induced potent antitumor responses in pulmonary metastasis models. Antitumor activity was mediated by the fragment crystallizable portion of Kiatomab and dependent on the host immune system. The use of Kiatomab alone as an antitumor therapy was ineffective in solid tumor models. However, in combination with cyclophosphamide, or by switching the isotype of the mAb, improved antitumor effects of Kiatomab were observed. These results suggest that Kiatomab can be used as a novel mAb for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Won Kim
- Research Institute, SL-BIGEN Inc., Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Han Wook Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Hyekang Kim
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seungwon Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - So Young Choi
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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9
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Ku CR, Brue T, Schilbach K, Ignatenko S, Magony S, Chung YS, Kim BJ, Hur KY, Kang HC, Kim JH, Kim MS, Kowalska A, Bolanowski M, Ruchala M, Damjanovic S, Payer J, Choi YJ, Heo SJ, Kim TK, Heo M, Lee J, Lee EJ. Long-acting FC-fusion rhGH (GX-H9) shows potential for up to twice-monthly administration in GH-deficient adults. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179:169-179. [PMID: 29973375 DOI: 10.1530/eje-18-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hybrid Fc-fused rhGH (GX-H9) is a long-acting recombinant human growth hormone (GH) under clinical development for both adults and children with GH deficiency (GHD). We compared the safety, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of weekly and every other week (EOW) dosages of GX-H9 with those of daily GH administration in adult GHD (AGHD) patients. DESIGN This was a randomized, open-label, active-controlled and dose-escalation study conducted in 16 endocrinology centers in Europe and Korea. METHODS Forty-five AGHD patients with or without prior GH treatment were enrolled. Patients with prior GH treatments were required to have received the last GH administration at least 1 month prior to randomization. Subjects were sequentially assigned to treatment groups. Fifteen subjects were enrolled to each treatment group and randomly assigned to receive either GX-H9 or Genotropin (4:1 ratio). GX-H9 dosage regimens for Groups 1, 2 and 3 were 0.1 mg/kg weekly, 0.3 mg/kg EOW and 0.2 mg/kg EOW, respectively. All Genotropin-assigned subjects received 6 µg/kg Genotropin, regardless of treatment group. Main outcome analyses included measurements of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity. RESULTS Mean GX-H9 peak and total exposure increased with an increase in dose after a single-dose administration. The mean IGF-I response was sustained above baseline over the intended dose interval of 168 h for the weekly and 336 h for the EOW GX-H9 groups. Safety profiles and immunogenicity were not different across the treatment groups and with Genotropin. CONCLUSIONS GX-H9 has the potential for up to twice-monthly administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol Ryong Ku
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Thierry Brue
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM U1251, Marseille Medical Genetics, and AP-HM, Hôpital Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Katharina Schilbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sandor Magony
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yoon-Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joon Kim
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeon Hur
- Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Cheol Kang
- Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Aldona Kowalska
- Endocrinology Clinic Holycross Cancer Centre, Swietokrzyskie, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Ruchala
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Chair and Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Juraj Payer
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - MinKyu Heo
- Genexine Inc., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Joan Lee
- Genexine Inc., Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jig Lee
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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10
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Shiga Y, Murata D, Sugimoto A, Oshima Y, Tada M, Ishii-Watabe A, Imai K, Tomii K, Takeuchi T, Kagaya S, Sato A. Hinge-Deficient IgG1 Fc Fusion: Application to Human Lactoferrin. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:3025-3035. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shiga
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Daisuke Murata
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Akinori Sugimoto
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Yuta Oshima
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
| | - Minoru Tada
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii-Watabe
- Division
of Biological Chemistry and Biologicals, National Institute of Health Sciences, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Artificial
Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- Biotechnology
Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tomii
- Artificial
Intelligence Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
- Biotechnology
Research Institute for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- Department
of Veterinary Medicine, Tottori University, Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan
| | - Shinji Kagaya
- NRL Pharma, Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 213-0012, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- School
of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0982, Japan
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11
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Kim NA, An IB, Lim HS, Yang SI, Jeong SH. Biophysical evaluation of hybrid Fc fusion protein of hGH to achieve basal buffer system. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:421-430. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Malyszko J, Malyszko JS. Emerging drugs for the treatment of kidney disease-induced anemia. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2016; 21:315-30. [PMID: 27537859 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2016.1220537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anemia has been remained one of the most characteristic and visible manifestations of chronic renal failure. Correction of anemia requires two main treatment strategies: increased stimulation of erythropoiesis, and maintenance of an adequate iron supply to the bone marrow. AREAS COVERED Erythropoiesis activating agents became a mainstay in the treatment of renal anemia for more than 25 years. Recently, there have been several attempts to introduce new drugs to stimulate erythropoiesis or affect the hepcidin-ferroportin pathway. Orally available hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilizing compounds are attractive alternatives. They not only increase hemoglobin, but also suppress hepcidin production and improve iron availability. Novel iron preparations, may also help to ameliorate anemia, with acceptable safety profile and other beneficial properties such a phosphate binding. EXPERT OPINION One should be aware of potential risks and benefits of novel sophisticated therapies and their role in the management of renal anemia remain to be established. In particular HIF stabilizers needs to be proven safe, or even safer than ESAs, in large long-term safety studies testing hard end points, due its ubiquitous nature and the regulation of variety of biological processes potentially leading to unexpected side effects. Besides safety, cost-effectiveness appears the major issue in the modern world, including nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Malyszko
- a 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland.,b 1st Department of Nephrology , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
| | - Jacek S Malyszko
- a 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland.,b 1st Department of Nephrology , Medical University , Bialystok , Poland
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13
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Choi YW, Kang MC, Seo YB, Namkoong H, Park Y, Choi DH, Suh YS, Lee SW, Sung YC, Jin HT. Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5898-5908. [PMID: 27407095 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The induction of tissue-localized virus-specific CD8 T-cell response is essential for the development of an effective therapeutic vaccine against genital diseases, such as cervical cancer and genital herpes. Here, we aimed to elucidate the immunologic role of IL7 in the induction of mucosal cellular immunity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IL7 was engineered through Fc fusion to enhance mucosal delivery across the genital epithelial barrier. The immunomodulatory role of IL7 was evaluated by monitoring the kinetics of various immune cells and measuring the expression of chemokines and cytokines after intravaginal administration of Fc-fused IL7 (IL7-Fc). The antitumor effects of intramuscular human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA vaccine or topical IL7-Fc alone or in a combinational regimen on mice survival were compared using a orthotopic cervical cancer model. RESULTS Intravaginal treatment of IL7-Fc, but not native IL7, induces upregulation of chemokines (CXCL10, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5), cytokines (IFNγ, TNFα, IL6, and IL1β), and an adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) in the genital tract, leading to the recruitment of several leukocytes, including CD4, CD8, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells. Importantly, in this murine cervical cancer model, topical administration of IL7-Fc after intramuscular HPV DNA vaccination increases the number of HPV-specific CD8 T cells in the genital mucosa, but not in the spleen, leading to stronger antitumor activity than the HPV DNA vaccine alone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide an important insight into the immunomodulatory role of IL7-Fc via topical application and the design of therapeutic vaccine regimen that induces effective genital-mucosal CD8 T-cell responses. Clin Cancer Res; 22(23); 5898-908. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Choi
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Cheol Kang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bok Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Namkoong
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunji Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Choi
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - You Suk Suh
- Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, Genexine Inc., Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Tak Jin
- Research Institute, Biodion Inc, Korea Bio Park, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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14
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IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)-Fc ameliorate autoimmune arthritis by regulation of the Th17 cells/Treg balance and arthrogenic cytokine activation. Immunol Lett 2016; 172:56-66. [PMID: 26903194 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IL-1β signalling has a critical role in the pathogenesis of various types of inflammatory arthritis including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of human IL-1 receptor antagonist with Fc fragment (hIL-1Ra-Fc) on autoimmune arthritis and to identify the possible mechanisms by which hIL-1RA-Fc exerts anti-arthritic effects in a murine model of RA and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) murine model was established in DBA/1J mice. The levels of various cytokines were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mouse joints were assessed for clinical arthritis score and histologic features. Th17 cells and Treg cells were stained by using antibodies specific for CD4, IL-17, CD25, and FoxP3. Osteoclastogenesis was determined by TRAP staining and real-time PCR. RESULTS hIL-1RA-Fc reduced the arthritis incidence, histological inflammation and cartilage score in the CIA model. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines, VEGF and RANK, was reduced in the affected joint of hIL-1Ra-Fc-treated mice. hIL-1Ra-Fc-treated mice showed decreased number of Th17 cells with increased number of Treg cells in spleens. hIL-1Ra-Fc reduced Th17 cell differentiation by inactivation of STAT3 signalling, and reciprocally induced Treg cell differentiation through STAT5 signalling. In addition, the expression of IL-17, TNF-α, RANKL, and VEGF was decreased, while Foxp3 gene expression was increased in PBMCs of RA patients after administration of hIL-1Ra-Fc. CONCLUSION The anti-arthritis effects of hIL-1RA-Fc are associated with regulation of balance between Th17 cells and Treg cells and suppression of osteoclastogenesis and angiogenesis in the affected joints.
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15
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Bonomini M, Del Vecchio L, Sirolli V, Locatelli F. New Treatment Approaches for the Anemia of CKD. Am J Kidney Dis 2016; 67:133-42. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Shiga Y, Oshima Y, Kojima Y, Sugimoto A, Tamaki N, Murata D, Takeuchi T, Sato A. Recombinant human lactoferrin-Fc fusion with an improved plasma half-life. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 67:136-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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18
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Crucial roles of interleukin-7 in the development of T follicular helper cells and in the induction of humoral immunity. J Virol 2014; 88:8998-9009. [PMID: 24899182 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00534-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are specialized providers of cognate B cell help, which is important in promoting the induction of high-affinity antibody production in germinal centers (GCs). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-21 have been known to play important roles in Tfh cell differentiation. Here, we demonstrate that IL-7 plays a pivotal role in Tfh generation and GC formation in vivo, as treatment with anti-IL-7 neutralizing antibody markedly impaired the development of Tfh cells and IgG responses. Moreover, codelivery of mouse Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-mFc) with a vaccine enhanced the generation of GC B cells as well as Tfh cells but not other lineages of T helper cells, including Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Interestingly, a 6-fold-lower dose of an influenza virus vaccine codelivered with Fc-fused IL-7 induced higher antigen-specific and cross-reactive IgG titers than the vaccine alone in both mice and monkeys and led to markedly enhanced protection against heterologous influenza virus challenge in mice. Enhanced generation of Tfh cells by IL-7-mFc treatment was not significantly affected by the neutralization of IL-6 and IL-21, indicating an independent role of IL-7 on Tfh differentiation. Thus, IL-7 holds promise as a critical cytokine for selectively inducing Tfh cell generation and enhancing protective IgG responses. IMPORTANCE Here, we demonstrate for the first time that codelivery of Fc-fused IL-7 significantly increased influenza virus vaccine-induced antibody responses, accompanied by robust expansion of Tfh cells and GC B cells as well as enhanced GC formation. Furthermore, IL-7-mFc induced earlier and cross-reactive IgG responses, leading to striking protection against heterologous influenza virus challenge. These results suggest that Fc-fused IL-7 could be used for inducing strong and cross-protective humoral immunity against highly mutable viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus, as well as influenza viruses.
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19
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Recombinant proteins produced into yolk of genetically manipulated chickens are partly sialylated in N-glycan. Cytotechnology 2013; 65:985-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Welzel G, Wang Y, Schultz PG, Wang F. An antibody CDR3-erythropoietin fusion protein. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:2117-21. [PMID: 23941200 DOI: 10.1021/cb4004749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
X-ray crystallographic analysis of a bovine antibody (BLV1H12) revealed a unique scaffold in its ultralong heavy chain complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3H) that folds into a solvent exposed, antiparallel β-stranded "stalk" fused with a disulfide cross-linked "knob" domain. This unusual variable region motif provides a novel approach for generating chimeric antibodies with novel activities. Toward this end, human erythropoietin (hEPO) was substituted for the "knob" domain in this antibody to afford an antibody-hEPO (Ab-hEPO) fusion protein that efficiently expresses in mammalian cells. Ab-hEPO proliferated TF-1 cells with a potency comparable to that of hEPO (EC50 ∼ 0.03 nM) and exhibits a significantly extended plasma half-life (>6 days) in mice relative to hEPO (∼4 h). Mice treated with the Ab-hEPO fusion protein show sustained elevated hematocrit for more than two weeks. This work demonstrates the utility of BLV1H12 CDR3 fusions as a novel approach for generating potent polypeptides with enhanced pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California
92037, United States
| | - Danling Wang
- Californial Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Gus Welzel
- Californial Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Californial Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Peter G. Schultz
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California
92037, United States
- Californial Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr), 11119 N. Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines
Road, La Jolla, California
92037, United States
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21
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Kim ES, Jang DS, Yang SY, Lee MN, Jin KS, Cha HJ, Kim JK, Sung YC, Choi KY. Controlled release of human growth hormone fused with a human hybrid Fc fragment through a nanoporous polymer membrane. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:4262-4269. [PMID: 23546513 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr00474k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been applied to the development of more effective and compatible drug delivery systems for therapeutic proteins. Human growth hormone (hGH) was fused with a hybrid Fc fragment containing partial Fc domains of human IgD and IgG4 to produce a long-acting fusion protein. The fusion protein, hGH-hyFc, resulted in the increase of the hydrodynamic diameter (ca. 11 nm) compared with the diameter (ca. 5 nm) of the recombinant hGH. A diblock copolymer membrane with nanopores (average diameter of 14.3 nm) exhibited a constant release rate of hGH-hyFc. The hGH-hyFc protein released in a controlled manner for one month was found to trigger the phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) in human B lymphocyte and to exhibit an almost identical circular dichroism spectrum to that of the original hGH-hyFc, suggesting that the released fusion protein should maintain the functional and structural integrity of hGH. Thus, the nanoporous release device could be a potential delivery system for the long-term controlled release of therapeutic proteins fused with the hybrid Fc fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eung-Sam Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
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22
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A long-acting erythropoietin fused with noncytolytic human Fc for the treatment of anemia. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 35:757-9. [PMID: 22644842 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-012-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Fc fusion technology has been introduced to generate long-acting antagonistic drugs such as Enbrel, Orencia and Amevive. Here, Genexine created a novel noncytolytic hybrid Fc (hyFc) as a carrier of agonistic protein drugs using naturally existing IgD and IgG4 Fcs without any mutation in the hyFc region. The erythropoietin (EPO) fused with hyFc exhibited little binding activity to FcγR and C1q molecules that are main mediators for death of target cells. The EPO-hyFc showed higher in vitro and in vivo bioactivities than EPOIgG1 Fc and highly glycosylated EPO (Aranesp). Phase I clinical trial with EPO-hyFc is currently undergoing in Korea.
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23
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Sun B, Yang X, Ma L, Niu C, Wang F, Na N, Wen J, Ouyang J. Design and application of anthracene derivative with aggregation-induced emission charateristics for visualization and monitoring of erythropoietin unfolding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:1956-1962. [PMID: 23323829 DOI: 10.1021/la3048278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is an attractive protein-unfolding/folding model because of its high degree of unfolding and folding reversibility and intermediate size. Due to its function for regulating red blood cell production by stimulating late erythroid precursor cells, EPO presents obvious values to biological research. A nonemissive anthracene derivative, that is 9,10-bis[4-(3-sulfonatopropoxyl)-styryl]anthracene sodium salt (BSPSA), with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) charateristics shows a novel phenomenon of AIE when EPO is added. The AIE biosensor for EPO shows the limit of detection is 1 × 10(-9) M. Utilizing the AIE feature of BSPSA, the unfolding process of EPO using guanidine hydrochloride is monitored, which indicates three steps for the folding structures of EPO to transform to random coil. Computational modeling suggests that the BSPSA luminogens prefer docking in the hydrophobic cavity in the EPO folding structures, and the assembly of BSPSA in this cavity makes the AIE available, making the monitoring of unfolding of EPO possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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24
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Castilho A, Neumann L, Gattinger P, Strasser R, Vorauer-Uhl K, Sterovsky T, Altmann F, Steinkellner H. Generation of biologically active multi-sialylated recombinant human EPOFc in plants. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54836. [PMID: 23372778 PMCID: PMC3555983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycosylated proteins are more stable, show increased serum half-life and less sensitivity to proteolysis compared to non-sialylated forms. This applies particularly to recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Recent progress in N-glycoengineering of non-mammalian expression hosts resulted in in vivo protein sialylation at great homogeneity. However the synthesis of multi-sialylated N-glycans is so far restricted to mammalian cells. Here we used a plant based expression system to accomplish multi-antennary protein sialylation. A human erythropoietin fusion protein (EPOFc) was transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana ΔXTFT, a glycosylation mutant that lacks plant specific N-glycan residues. cDNA of the hormone was co-delivered into plants with the necessary genes for (i) branching (ii) β1,4-galactosylation as well as for the (iii) synthesis, transport and transfer of sialic acid. This resulted in the production of recombinant EPOFc carrying bi- tri- and tetra-sialylated complex N-glycans. The formation of this highly complex oligosaccharide structure required the coordinated expression of 11 human proteins acting in different subcellular compartments at different stages of the glycosylation pathway. In vitro receptor binding assays demonstrate the generation of biologically active molecules. We demonstrate the in planta synthesis of one of the most complex mammalian glycoforms pointing to an outstanding high degree of tolerance to changes in the glycosylation pathway in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Castilho
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Gattinger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Strasser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karola Vorauer-Uhl
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herta Steinkellner
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Abstract
TNF-α-blocking agents such as infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept are widely used for the treatment of severe inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The currently used TNF-α blockers have Fc regions of the human IgG1 subtype, which is advantageous in terms of in vivo half-life but also raise the potential for unwanted effector-mediated effects, such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). To address this issue, we constructed a novel hybrid protein by fusing the TNF receptor (TNFR) with a hybrid Fc (hyFc) consisting of the CH2 and CH3 regions of IgG4 and the highly flexible hinge regions of IgD which would not have ADCC and CDC activity. The resulting fusion protein, TNFR-hyFc, was over-expressed in CHO and pharmacological characteristics were evaluated in comparison with the structurally similar etanercept. TNFR-hyFc effectively neutralized TNF-α in L929 bioassay and showed a 1.5-fold higher neutralizing activity compared to etanercept. In a pharmacokinetic study in cynomolgus monkeys, TNFR-hyFc showed plasma half-life and AUC comparable to etanercept. In a mouse collagen induced arthritis model, TNFR-hyFc showed significant amelioration of arthritis compared to etanercept or vehicle control. In an LPS-induced septic shock model, TNFR-hyFc showed a similar level of protection against mortality as etanercept. These results confirm the feasibility of the TNFR-hyFc as an effective TNF-α blocker for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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26
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Lee JH, Yeo J, Park HS, Sung G, Lee SH, Yang SH, Sung YC, Kang JH, Park CS. Biochemical characterization of a new recombinant TNF receptor-hyFc fusion protein expressed in CHO cells. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 87:17-26. [PMID: 23009882 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The currently used Tumor Nectosis Factor (TNF)-α blockers such as infliximab, adalimumab and etanercept have Fc regions of the human IgG1 subtype have advantages in terms of in vivo half-life, however these could raise potential concerns for unwanted effector-mediated effects, such as antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). To address this issue, we constructed a novel hybrid protein with decreased ADCC and CDC potentials by fusing the TNF receptor to a hybrid Fc (hyFc) containing CH2 and CH3 regions of IgG4 and highly flexible hinge regions of IgD which neither has ADCC and CDC activities. The resulting fusion protein, TNFR-hyFc, was over-expressed in CHO cells. For use as a pre-clinical material in pharmacology, PK and toxicological evaluations were carried out for biochemical characterization which was then compared with etanercept that has similarity in structure. Amino acid composition analysis and peptide mapping showed that the expressed TNFR-hyFc matched the theoretical composition derived from the DNA sequence. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) showed that TNFR-hyFc is 2.9 kDa larger than etanercept. MALDI-TOF after removal of N-glycans by PNGase treatment showed that TNFR-hyFc is 3.9 kDa larger than etanercept. Isoelectric focusing and monosaccharide analysis showed that TNFR-hyFc is slightly more acidic than etanercept. N-terminal amino acid sequencing showed that N-terminal heterogeneity is present in both TNFR-hyFc and etanercept, although the ratios are somewhat different. Glycan analysis showed that the main glycan form is bi-antennary, similar to etanercept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Labs, Research Center, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanggal-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Kyungki-do 446-905, Republic of Korea.
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