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Liu X, Feng D, Wang W, Liang J, Yu H, Ling B. Tumor Microenvironment CD8 T and Treg Cells-related Genes Signature Distinguishes Distinct Prognosis and Targeted Therapies Response in Endometrial Cancer. J Immunother 2023; 46:178-191. [PMID: 37098928 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Although most endometrial cancer (EC) patients have a favorable prognosis, the overall survival (OS) of metastatic and recurrent EC could hardly be improved by the current chemoradiotherapy. We aimed to reveal the tumor microenvironment immune infiltration characteristics to elucidate the underlying mechanism of EC progression and guide clinical decisions. In the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed Tregs and CD8 T cells were prognosis-protective factors in OS of EC ( P <0.05). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis identified 2 gene modules closely correlated with Tregs and CD8 T-cell infiltration. We randomly split the TCGA EC cohort into the training and testing cohorts at a ratio of 7:3. An immune-related prognosis risk index (IRPRI), including NR3C1, E2F1, OTOG, TTK, PPP1R16B, and FOXP3, was established by univariate, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, and multivariate Cox regression with area under the curve >0.67. Distinct clinical, immune, and mutation characteristics existed between IRPRI groups by multiomics analysis. Cell proliferation and DNA damage repair-related pathways were activated, and immune-related pathways were inactivated in the IRPRI-high group. Furthermore, patients in the IRPRI-high group had lower tumor mutation burden, programmed death-ligand 1 expression, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion scores, indicating a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy ( P <0.05), which was also validated in the TCGA testing cohort and independent cohorts, GSE78200, GSE115821, and GSE168204. Also, the higher mutation frequencies of BRCA1, BRCA2, and genes enrolled in homologous recombination repair in the IRPRI-low group predicted a good response to PARP inhibitors. Finally, a nomogram integrating the IRPRI group and prognosis significant clinicopathological factors for EC OS prediction was developed and validated with good discrimination and calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Holdsworth EA, Schell LM, Appleton AA. Maternal-infant interaction quality is associated with child NR3C1 CpG site methylation at 7 years of age. Am J Hum Biol 2023; 35:e23876. [PMID: 36779373 PMCID: PMC10909417 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infancy is both a critical window for hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis development, and a sensitive period for social-emotional influences. We hypothesized that the social-emotional quality of maternal-infant interactions are associated with methylation of HPA-axis gene NR3C1 later in childhood. METHODS Using a subsample of 114 mother-infant pairs from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), linear regression models were created to predict variance in methylation of seven selected CpG sites from NR3C1 in whole blood at age 7 years, including the main predictor variable of the first principal component score of observed maternal-infant interaction quality (derived from the Thorpe Interaction Measure at 12 months of age) and covariates of cell-type proportion, maternal financial difficulties and marital status at 8 months postnatal, child birthweight, and sex. RESULTS CpG site cg27122725 methylation was negatively associated with warmer, more positive maternal interaction with her infant (β = 0.19, p = .02, q = 0.13). In sensitivity analyses, the second highest quartile of maternal behavior (neutral, hesitant behavior) was positively associated with cg12466613 methylation. The other five CpG sites were not significantly associated with maternal-infant interaction quality. CONCLUSIONS Narrow individual variation of maternal interaction with her infant is associated with childhood methylation of two CpG sites on NR3C1 that may be particularly sensitive to environmental influences. Infancy may be a sensitive period for even small influences from the social-emotional environment on the epigenetic determinants of HPA-axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Holdsworth
- Department of AnthropologyWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
| | - Lawrence M. Schell
- Department of AnthropologyUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkAlbanyNew YorkUSA
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkRensselaerNew YorkUSA
| | - Allison A. Appleton
- Department of Epidemiology & BiostatisticsUniversity at Albany State University of New YorkRensselaerNew YorkUSA
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Huffman KE, Li LS, Carstens R, Park H, Girard L, Avila K, Wei S, Kollipara R, Timmons B, Sudderth J, Bendris N, Kim J, Villalobos P, Fujimoto J, Schmid S, Deberardinis RJ, Wistuba I, Heymach J, Kittler R, Akbay EA, Posner B, Wang Y, Lam S, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ, Minna JD. Glucocorticoid mediated inhibition of LKB1 mutant non-small cell lung cancers. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1025443. [PMID: 37035141 PMCID: PMC10078807 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1025443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an important anti-cancer target in lymphoid cancers but has been understudied in solid tumors like lung cancer, although glucocorticoids are often given with chemotherapy regimens to mitigate side effects. Here, we identify a dexamethasone-GR mediated anti-cancer response in a subset of aggressive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) that harbor Serine/Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11/LKB1) mutations. High tumor expression of carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1) was strongly linked to the presence of LKB1 mutations, was the best predictor of NSCLC dexamethasone (DEX) sensitivity (p < 10-16) but was not mechanistically involved in DEX sensitivity. Subcutaneous, orthotopic and metastatic NSCLC xenografts, biomarker-selected, STK11/LKB1 mutant patient derived xenografts, and genetically engineered mouse models with KRAS/LKB1 mutant lung adenocarcinomas all showed marked in vivo anti-tumor responses with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone as a single agent or in combination with cisplatin. Mechanistically, GR activation triggers G1/S cell cycle arrest in LKB1 mutant NSCLCs by inducing the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, CDKN1C/p57(Kip2). All findings were confirmed with functional genomic experiments including CRISPR knockouts and exogenous expression. Importantly, DEX-GR mediated cell cycle arrest did not interfere with NSCLC radiotherapy, or platinum response in vitro or with platinum response in vivo. While DEX induced LKB1 mutant NSCLCs in vitro exhibit markers of cellular senescence and demonstrate impaired migration, in vivo DEX treatment of a patient derived xenograft (PDX) STK11/LKB1 mutant model resulted in expression of apoptosis markers. These findings identify a previously unknown GR mediated therapeutic vulnerability in STK11/LKB1 mutant NSCLCs caused by induction of p57(Kip2) expression with both STK11 mutation and high expression of CPS1 as precision medicine biomarkers of this vulnerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E. Huffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Long Shan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ryan Carstens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Hyunsil Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Luc Girard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Kimberley Avila
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shuguang Wei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Rahul Kollipara
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Brenda Timmons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jessica Sudderth
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nawal Bendris
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Urology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sandra Schmid
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ralph J. Deberardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute at University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - John Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ralf Kittler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Esra A. Akbay
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Bruce Posner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven A. Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - David J. Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John D. Minna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Kang BW, Kim F, Cho JY, Kim S, Rhee J, Choung JJ. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor mirodenafil ameliorates Alzheimer-like pathology and symptoms by multimodal actions. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:92. [PMID: 35804462 PMCID: PMC9264543 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology is associated with complex interactions among multiple factors, involving an intertwined network of various signaling pathways. The polypharmacological approach is an emerging therapeutic strategy that has been proposed to overcome the multifactorial nature of AD by targeting multiple pathophysiological factors including amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau. We evaluated a blood-brain barrier penetrating phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, mirodenafil (5-ethyl-2-7-n-propyl-3,5-dihydrro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-one), for its therapeutic effects on AD with polypharmacological properties. Methods To evaluate the potential of mirodenafil as a disease-modifying AD agent, mirodenafil was administered to test its effects on the cognitive behaviors of the APP-C105 AD mouse model using the Morris water maze and passive avoidance tests. To investigate the mechanisms of action that underlie the beneficial disease-modifying effects of mirodenafil, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells were used to show mirodenafil-induced alterations associated with the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG)/cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) pathway, apoptotic cell death, tau phosphorylation, amyloidogenesis, the autophagy-lysosome pathway, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transcriptional activity, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Results Here, mirodenafil is demonstrated to improve cognitive behavior in the APP-C105 mouse model. Mirodenafil not only reduced the Aβ and phosphorylated tau burdens in vivo, but also ameliorated AD pathology induced by Aβ through the modulation of the cGMP/PKG/CREB signaling pathway, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) activity, GR transcriptional activity, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in neuronal cells. Interestingly, homodimerization and nuclear localization of GR were inhibited by mirodenafil, but not by other PDE5 inhibitors. In addition, only mirodenafil reduced the expression levels of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), thus activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conclusions These findings strongly suggest that the PDE5 inhibitor mirodenafil shows promise as a potential polypharmacological drug candidate for AD treatment, acting on multiple key signaling pathways involved in amyloid deposition, phosphorylated tau burden, the cGMP/PKG/CREB pathway, GSK-3β kinase activity, GR signaling, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mirodenafil administration to the APP-C105 AD mouse model also improved cognitive behavior, demonstrating the potential of mirodenafil as a polypharmacological AD therapeutic agent. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13195-022-01034-3.
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Luo H, Shan J, Zhang H, Song G, Li Q, Xu CX. Targeting the epigenetic processes to enhance antitumor immunity in small cell lung cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:960-970. [PMID: 35189321 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and modulation of chromatin states, drives aberrant transcription that promotes initiation and progression of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Accumulating evidence has proven crucial roles of epigenetic machinery in modulating immune cell functions and antitumor immune response. Epigenetics-targeting drugs such as DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and histone methyltransferase inhibitors involved in preclinical and clinical trials may trigger antitumor immunity. Herein, we summarize the impact of epigenetic processes on tumor immunogenicity and antitumor immune cell functions in SCLC. Furthermore, we review current clinical trials of epigenetic therapy against SCLC and the mechanisms of epigenetic inhibitors to boost antitumor immunity. Eventually, we discuss the opportunities of developing therapeutic regimens combining epigenetic agents with immunotherapy for SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Jinlu Shan
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Guanbin Song
- College of Bioengineering, Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Qing Li
- College of Bioengineering, Key Lab of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Cheng-Xiong Xu
- School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Halit C, Elif YN, Hasan MA, Sacide P, Yasemin O, Deniz D, Mehmet AU. Methylation of APC2, NR3C1, and DRD2 gene promoters in turkish patients with tobacco use disorder. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:160-166. [PMID: 35170441 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_25_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Many studies have investigated the association of the methylation of gene and tobacco use disorders (TUD), but results remain ambiguous. Aims This study evaluated the relationship between methylation of Adenomatosis Polyposis Coli (APC), Nuclear Receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), Dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) gene promoters, and its effect on TUD. Subjects and Methods We recruited 154 active smokers and 111 healthy non-smoker controls. PCR based methods on genomic DNA characterized the methylation of APC2, NR3C1, and DRD2 gene promoters. Results We have found a significant difference in methylation of APC2 for TUD compared to healthy controls (P < 0.001). The partial methylation ratio was about an eight-fold increase in smokers compared to healthy controls. NR3C1 methylation was slightly higher in TUD patients compared to the control group, but the difference was not significant between the two groups (%95.33 vs. 91.08, P = 0.269). DRD2 methylation ratio was not significant between TUD patients and healthy control groups (P = 0.894). Conclusion We think that it is important to detect APC2 methylated cases earlier and to advise them to quit smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinarka Halit
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul
| | - Y Niksarlıoğlu Elif
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Aytaç Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry, Malazgirt State Hospital, Mus, Turkey
| | - Pehlivan Sacide
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oyaci Yasemin
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dogan Deniz
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Uysal Mehmet
- Department of Chest Disease, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Training and Research Hospital of Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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Ferreté-Bonastre AG, Cortés-Hernández J, Ballestar E. What can we learn from DNA methylation studies in lupus? Clin Immunol 2022; 234:108920. [PMID: 34973429 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
During the past twenty years, a wide range of studies have established the existence of epigenetic alterations, particularly DNA methylation changes, in lupus. Epigenetic changes might have different contributions in children-onset versus adult-onset lupus. DNA methylation alterations have been identified and characterized in relation to disease activity and damage, different lupus subtypes and responses to drugs. However, to date there has been no practical application of these findings in the clinical milieu. In this article, we provide a review of key studies showing the relationship between DNA methylation and the many clinical aspects related to lupus. We also propose several options, in relation to the range of methodological developments and experimental design, that could optimize these findings and make them amenable for use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Epigenetics in Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Health Science Center (HSC), East China Normal University (ECNU), Shanghai, 200241, China.
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Spies LML, Verhoog NJD, Louw A. Acquired Glucocorticoid Resistance Due to Homologous Glucocorticoid Receptor Downregulation: A Modern Look at an Age-Old Problem. Cells 2021; 10:2529. [PMID: 34685511 PMCID: PMC8533966 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For over 70 years, the unique anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids (GCs), which mediate their effects via the ligand-activated transcription factor, the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα), have allowed for the use of these steroid hormones in the treatment of various autoimmune and inflammatory-linked diseases. However, aside from the onset of severe side-effects, chronic GC therapy often leads to the ligand-mediated downregulation of the GRα which, in turn, leads to a decrease in GC sensitivity, and effectively, the development of acquired GC resistance. Although the ligand-mediated downregulation of GRα is well documented, the precise factors which influence this process are not well understood and, thus, the development of an acquired GC resistance presents an ever-increasing challenge to the pharmaceutical industry. Recently, however, studies have correlated the dimerization status of the GRα with its ligand-mediated downregulation. Therefore, the current review will be discussing the major role-players in the homologous downregulation of the GRα pool, with a specific focus on previously reported GC-mediated reductions in GRα mRNA and protein levels, the molecular mechanisms through which the GRα functional pool is maintained and the possible impact of receptor conformation on GC-mediated GRα downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Van de Byl Street, Stellenbosch 7200, South Africa; (L.-M.L.S.); (N.J.D.V.)
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Wu D, Gu B, Qian Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Mao ZD, Shi YJ, Zhang Q. Long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific-5: a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of severe asthma. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:1960-1971. [PMID: 32642099 PMCID: PMC7330345 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of severe asthma (SA) is difficult due to a necessary long-term treatment history currently, while there are few studies on biomarkers in the diagnosis of SA. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest specific-5 (GAS5) has the potential of playing this role because its binding with glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of lncRNA GAS5 acting as a biomarker for early diagnosis of severe asthma (SA). Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from healthy volunteers, patients with non-severe asthma (nSA) and SA, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. Twenty-four female BALB/c mice (aged 6 weeks) were randomly and averagely divided into 3 groups, i.e., control group, asthma group and dexamethasone group. The mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a murine model of steroid-insensitive asthma. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured, transfected with miR-9 mimics, JNK1 inhibitor and treated with interleukin (IL)-2 + IL-4 and dexamethasone. Western blot was used to detect glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation at serine 226 (GRser226), and quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect GAS5 level. Results The level of GAS5 in PBMCs from nSA group elevated 20-fold higher after dexamethasone treatment in vitro, while it reduced 15-fold lower in SA group (P<0.001). The expression of GRser226 in PBMCs from SA group was significantly higher than that from control group and nSA group after dexamethasone treatment (P<0.001). In the lung tissue of mice, the GAS5 level of dexamethasone group was lower than that of asthma group (P<0.001) and control group (P<0.05). Both treatment with IL-2 + IL-4 and transfection of miR-9 mimics could increase the expression of GRser226 in HBECs (P<0.001). The GAS5 level in HBECs after IL-2 + IL-4 + Dexamethasone treatment was lower than that in HBECs only treated with IL-2 + IL-4 (P<0.001). Similarly, dexamethasone treatment also decreased the level of GAS5 in HBECs transfected with miR-9 mimics (P<0.05). Moreover, transfecting with JNK1 inhibitor could reverse the expression of GAS5 in HBECs transfected with miR-9 mimics and treated with dexamethasone. However, the level of GAS5 in HBECs interfered with IL-2 + IL-4 + Dexamethasone was not affected by JNK1 inhibitor. Conclusions The expression of GAS5 is different in PBMCs between nSA and SA, and is affected by glucocorticoids treatment, which is due to GRser226 phosphorylation. GAS5 can be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of severe asthma by comparing GAS5 level in PBMCs from patients before and after glucocorticoids treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zheng-Dao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yu-Jia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
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Potential Health Risks Linked to Emerging Contaminants in Major Rivers and Treated Waters. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in our local waterways is becoming an increasing threat to the surrounding population. These compounds and their degradation products (found in pesticides, herbicides, and plastic waste) are known to interfere with a range of biological functions from reproduction to differentiation. To better understand these effects, we used an in silico ontological pathway analysis to identify the genes affected by the most commonly detected EDCs in large river water supplies, which we grouped together based on four common functions: Organismal injuries, cell death, cancer, and behavior. In addition to EDCs, we included the opioid buprenorphine in our study, as this similar ecological threat has become increasingly detected in river water supplies. Through the identification of the pleiotropic biological effects associated with both the acute and chronic exposure to EDCs and opioids in local water supplies, our results highlight a serious health threat worthy of additional investigations with a potential emphasis on the effects linked to increased DNA damage.
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Timmermans S, Souffriau J, Libert C. A General Introduction to Glucocorticoid Biology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1545. [PMID: 31333672 PMCID: PMC6621919 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones widely used for the treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. To exert their broad physiological and therapeutic effects, GCs bind to the GC receptor (GR) which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. Despite their success, GCs are hindered by the occurrence of side effects and glucocorticoid resistance (GCR). Increased knowledge on GC and GR biology together with a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the GC side effects and GCR are necessary for improved GC therapy development. We here provide a general overview on the current insights in GC biology with a focus on GC synthesis, regulation and physiology, role in inflammation inhibition, and on GR function and plasticity. Furthermore, novel and selective therapeutic strategies are proposed based on recently recognized distinct molecular mechanisms of the GR. We will explain the SEDIGRAM concept, which was launched based on our research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Timmermans
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jolien Souffriau
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Watson KS, Hulbert A, Henderson V, Chukwudozie IB, Aponte-Soto L, Lerner L, Martinez E, Kim S, Winn RA. Lung Cancer Screening and Epigenetics in African Americans: The Role of the Socioecological Framework. Front Oncol 2019; 9:87. [PMID: 30915271 PMCID: PMC6423082 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality in the U.S. and racial/ethnic minorities carry the greatest burden of lung cancer disparities with African Americans (AAs) impacted disproportionately. Inequities in lung cancer health disparities are often associated with multiple bio-behavioral and socio-cultural factors among racial/ethnic minorities. Epigenetic research has advanced the understanding of the intersectionality between biological and socio-cultural factors in lung cancer disparities among AAs. However, gaps exist in the engagement of diverse populations in epigenetic lung cancer research, which poses a challenge in ensuring the generalizability and implementation of epigenetic research in populations that carry an unequal cancer burden. Grounding epigenetic lung cancer research within a socio-ecological framework may prove promising in implementing a multi-level approach to community engagement, screening, navigation, and research participation among AAs. The University of Illinois Cancer Center (UI Cancer Center) is employing an evidence–based (EB) model of community/patient engagement utilizing the socio-ecological model (SEM) to develop a culturally sensitive epigenetic lung cancer research program that addresses multiple factors that impact lung cancer outcomes in AAs. By implementing epigenetic research within a group of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) guided by the SEM, the UI Cancer Center is proposing a new pathway in mitigating lung cancer disparities in underserved communities. At the individual level, the framework examines tobacco use among patients at FQHCs (the organizational level) and also tailors epigenetic research to explore innovative biomarkers in high risk populations. Interpersonal interventions use Patient Navigators to support navigation to EB tobacco cessation resources and lung cancer screening. Community level support within the SEM is developed by ongoing partnerships with local and national partners such as the American Lung Association (ALA) and the American Cancer Society (ACS). Lastly, at the policy level, the UI Cancer Center acknowledges the role of policy implications in lung cancer screening and advocates for policies and screening recommendations that examine the current guidelines from the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPTF).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Hulbert
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Vida Henderson
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Lisa Aponte-Soto
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lane Lerner
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Erica Martinez
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sage Kim
- Division of Health Policy and Administration, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Robert A Winn
- Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Wilkinson L, Verhoog NJD, Louw A. Disease- and treatment-associated acquired glucocorticoid resistance. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:R328-R349. [PMID: 30352419 PMCID: PMC6280593 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of resistance to glucocorticoids (GCs) in therapeutic regimens poses a major threat. Generally, GC resistance is congenital or acquired over time as a result of disease progression, prolonged GC treatment or, in some cases, both. Essentially, disruptions in the function and/or pool of the glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) underlie this resistance. Many studies have detailed how alterations in GRα function lead to diminished GC sensitivity; however, the current review highlights the wealth of data concerning reductions in the GRα pool, mediated by disease-associated and treatment-associated effects, which contribute to a significant decrease in GC sensitivity. Additionally, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in driving reductions in the GRα pool is discussed. After highlighting the importance of maintaining the level of the GRα pool to combat GC resistance, we present current strategies and argue that future strategies to prevent GC resistance should involve biased ligands with a predisposition for reduced GR dimerization, a strategy originally proposed as the SEMOGRAM-SEDIGRAM concept to reduce the side-effect profile of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Legh Wilkinson
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Ann Louw
- Department of Biochemistry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Correspondence should be addressed to A Louw:
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14
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Sabbagh JJ, Cordova RA, Zheng D, Criado-Marrero M, Lemus A, Li P, Baker JD, Nordhues BA, Darling AL, Martinez-Licha C, Rutz DA, Patel S, Buchner J, Leahy JW, Koren J, Dickey CA, Blair LJ. Targeting the FKBP51/GR/Hsp90 Complex to Identify Functionally Relevant Treatments for Depression and PTSD. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2288-2299. [PMID: 29893552 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and epigenetic alterations in FK506-binding protein 5 ( FKBP5) have been associated with increased risk for psychiatric disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Some of these common variants can increase the expression of FKBP5, the gene that encodes FKBP51. Excess FKBP51 promotes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation through altered glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signaling. Thus, we hypothesized that GR activity could be restored by perturbing FKBP51. Here, we screened 1280 pharmacologically active compounds and identified three compounds that rescued FKBP51-mediated suppression of GR activity without directly activating GR. One of the three compounds, benztropine mesylate, disrupted the association of FKBP51 with the GR/Hsp90 complex in vitro. Moreover, we show that removal of FKBP51 from this complex by benztropine restored GR localization in ex vivo brain slices and primary neurons from mice. In conclusion, we have identified a novel disruptor of the FKBP51/GR/Hsp90 complex. Targeting this complex may be a viable approach to developing treatments for disorders related to aberrant FKBP51 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Sabbagh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ricardo A. Cordova
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Dali Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Marangelie Criado-Marrero
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrea Lemus
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Baker
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bryce A. Nordhues
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - April L. Darling
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Carlos Martinez-Licha
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Rutz
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - Shreya Patel
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Johannes Buchner
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, 85748 Munich, Germany
| | - James W. Leahy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - John Koren
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chad A. Dickey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Laura J. Blair
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
- USF Health Byrd Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
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15
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Taylor KM, Wheeler R, Singh N, Vosloo D, Ray DW, Sommer P. The tobacco carcinogen NNK drives accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter thereby reducing GR expression in untransformed lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4903. [PMID: 29559689 PMCID: PMC5861118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive, predominantly cigarette smoke-induced tumour with poor prognosis. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a SCLC tumour suppressor gene, is typically reduced in SCLC. We now show that SCLC cells express high levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) which accumulates at the GR promoter. DNMT1 expression is further increased by exposure to the tobacco carcinogen NNK. In the untransformed human lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5, short term NNK treatment decreases GRα mRNA and protein expression due to accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter. Long term NNK treatment results in persistently augmented DNMT1 levels with lowered GR levels. Long term exposure to NNK slows cell proliferation and induces DNA damage, while the GR antagonist RU486 stimulates proliferation and protects against DNA damage. Although both NNK and RU486 treatment increases methylation at the GR promoter, neither are sufficient to prevent senescence in this context. NNK exposure results in accumulation of DNMT1 at the GR promoter in untransformed lung cells mimicking SCLC cells, directly linking tobacco smoke exposure to silencing of the GR, an important step in SCLC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn M Taylor
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Roxanne Wheeler
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nimisha Singh
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dalene Vosloo
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - David W Ray
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Sommer
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
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16
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17
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Clauß K, Popp AP, Schulze L, Hettich J, Reisser M, Escoter Torres L, Uhlenhaut NH, Gebhardt JCM. DNA residence time is a regulatory factor of transcription repression. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11121-11130. [PMID: 28977492 PMCID: PMC5737411 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription comprises a highly regulated sequence of intrinsically stochastic processes, resulting in bursts of transcription intermitted by quiescence. In transcription activation or repression, a transcription factor binds dynamically to DNA, with a residence time unique to each factor. Whether the DNA residence time is important in the transcription process is unclear. Here, we designed a series of transcription repressors differing in their DNA residence time by utilizing the modular DNA binding domain of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) and varying the number of nucleotide-recognizing repeat domains. We characterized the DNA residence times of our repressors in living cells using single molecule tracking. The residence times depended non-linearly on the number of repeat domains and differed by more than a factor of six. The factors provoked a residence time-dependent decrease in transcript level of the glucocorticoid receptor-activated gene SGK1. Down regulation of transcription was due to a lower burst frequency in the presence of long binding repressors and is in accordance with a model of competitive inhibition of endogenous activator binding. Our single molecule experiments reveal transcription factor DNA residence time as a regulatory factor controlling transcription repression and establish TALE-DNA binding domains as tools for the temporal dissection of transcription regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Clauß
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Achim P Popp
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Schulze
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Johannes Hettich
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Matthias Reisser
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Escoter Torres
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), IDO, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - N Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HMGU) and German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), IDO, Parkring 13, 85748 Garching, Munich, Germany
| | - J Christof M Gebhardt
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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18
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Argentieri MA, Nagarajan S, Seddighzadeh B, Baccarelli AA, Shields AE. Epigenetic Pathways in Human Disease: The Impact of DNA Methylation on Stress-Related Pathogenesis and Current Challenges in Biomarker Development. EBioMedicine 2017; 18:327-350. [PMID: 28434943 PMCID: PMC5405197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HPA axis genes implicated in glucocorticoid regulation play an important role in regulating the physiological impact of social and environmental stress, and have become a focal point for investigating the role of glucocorticoid regulation in the etiology of disease. We conducted a systematic review to critically assess the full range of clinical associations that have been reported in relation to DNA methylation of CRH, CRH-R1/2, CRH-BP, AVP, POMC, ACTH, ACTH-R, NR3C1, FKBP5, and HSD11β1/2 genes in adults. A total of 32 studies were identified. There is prospective evidence for an association between HSD11β2 methylation and hypertension, and functional evidence of an association between NR3C1 methylation and both small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and breast cancer. Strong associations have been reported between FKBP5 and NR3C1 methylation and PTSD, and biologically-plausible associations have been reported between FKBP5 methylation and Alzheimer's Disease. Mixed associations between NR3C1 methylation and mental health outcomes have been reported according to different social and environmental exposures, and according to varying gene regions investigated. We conclude by highlighting key challenges and future research directions that will need to be addressed in order to develop both clinically meaningful prognostic biomarkers and an evidence base that can inform public policy practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Austin Argentieri
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sairaman Nagarajan
- Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11218, USA
| | - Bobak Seddighzadeh
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W. 168th St., 11th Floor, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St., Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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19
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Wang H, Gou X, Jiang T, Ouyang J. The effects of microRNAs on glucocorticoid responsiveness. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1005-1011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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20
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Shields AE. Epigenetic signals of how social disadvantage “gets under the skin”: a challenge to the public health community. Epigenomics 2017; 9:223-229. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- National Consortium on Psychosocial Stress, Spirituality & Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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21
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Zhou L, Zhong Y, Yang FH, Li ZB, Zhou J, Liu XH, Li M, Hu F. Kaiso represses the expression of glucocorticoid receptor via a methylation-dependent mechanism and attenuates the anti-apoptotic activity of glucocorticoids in breast cancer cells. BMB Rep 2017; 49:167-72. [PMID: 26424557 PMCID: PMC4915231 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2016.49.3.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaiso is a Pox Virus and Zinc Finger (POZ-ZF) transcription factor with bi-modal DNA-binding specificity. Here, we demonstrated that Kaiso expression is inversely correlated with glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in breast carcinomas. Knockdown of Kaiso increased GR expression, while overexpression of Kaiso inhibited GR expression in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, Kaiso repressed GR proximal promoter-reporter activity in a dose-dependent manner. Remarkably, ChIP experiments demonstrated that endogenous Kaiso was associated with the GR promoter sequence in a methylation-dependent manner. Since glucocorticoids inhibit chemotherapyinduced apoptosis and have been widely used as a co-treatment of patients with breast cancer, we assessed the role of Kasio in GR-mediated anti-apoptotic effects. We found that overexpression of Kaiso attenuated the anti-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids in breast cancer cells. Our findings suggest that GR is a putative target gene of Kaiso and suggest Kaiso to be a potential therapeutic target in GC-combination chemotherapy in breast cancer. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(3): 167-172]
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory; Department of Anatomy Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fang-Hui Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Zi-Bo Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Xie-Hong Liu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Neuroscience, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan 410219, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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22
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Azher S, Azami O, Amato C, McCullough M, Celentano A, Cirillo N. The Non-Conventional Effects of Glucocorticoids in Cancer. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2368-73. [PMID: 27115293 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic corticosteroids are widely used for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including pre-malignant and malignant conditions. In striking contrast, recent evidence suggests that corticosteroids can bear tumor-promoting effects in solid tumors of epithelial origin. We have recently shown that epithelial tissues, including the mucosa of the oral cavity and the skin, are able to modulate the local concentration of active corticosteroids and to produce steroids de novo. This has important clinical and physiopathological implications, because tissue-specific regulation of glucocorticoids plays a key role in the overall effect of these molecules. In the present review of the current English literature, performed using MEDLINE/PubMed/Ovid databases, we collected published evidence to demonstrate that corticosteroids induce effects that are more complex and controversial than previously acknowledged. Published studies clearly demonstrate that this class of molecules influences pathophysiological processes that are strictly related to malignancy, providing the rationale for further investigation. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2368-2373, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simra Azher
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Omid Azami
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Caterina Amato
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael McCullough
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antonio Celentano
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Cirillo
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre (CRC), University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
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23
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Shields AE, Wise LA, Ruiz-Narvaez EA, Seddighzadeh B, Byun HM, Cozier YC, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Baccarelli AA. Childhood abuse, promoter methylation of leukocyte NR3C1 and the potential modifying effect of emotional support. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1507-1517. [PMID: 27620456 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate childhood abuse victimization in relation to adult DNA methylation levels in a novel region of NR3C1, with emotional support as a possible modifier. MATERIALS & METHODS 295 participants from the Black Women's Health Study. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compute differences in mean percent methylation levels. RESULTS Women reporting childhood abuse victimization exhibited higher mean NR3C1 methylation levels than nonabused women, with a clear dose-response relationship. Childhood emotional support appeared to attenuate associations only among women with the highest levels of physical and sexual abuse. CONCLUSION NR3C1 mean methylation was higher among women who reported childhood abuse. Further research is warranted to clarify whether or the extent to which childhood emotional support buffers the association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narvaez
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bobak Seddighzadeh
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Yvette C Cozier
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Boston University School of Public Health, Talbot Building, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.,Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, 1010 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford St, Suite 901, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
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An BC, Jung NK, Park CY, Oh IJ, Choi YD, Park JI, Lee SW. Epigenetic and Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Regulation of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 in Lung Cancer Cells. Mol Cells 2016; 39:631-8. [PMID: 27484907 PMCID: PMC4990756 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), an antioxidant enzyme, acts as a modulator of redox signaling, has immunomodulatory function, and catalyzes the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS). GPx3 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in many cancers. Although hyper-methylation of the GPx3 promoter has been shown to down-regulate its expression, other mechanisms by which GPx3 expression is regulated have not been reported. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the mechanisms of GPx3 regulation. GPx3 gene analysis predicted the presence of ten glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) on the GPx3 gene. This result prompted us to investigate whether GPx3 expression is regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is implicated in tumor response to chemotherapy. The corticosteroid dexamethasone (Dex) was used to examine the possible relationship between GR and GPx3 expression. Dex significantly induced GPx3 expression in H1299, H1650, and H1975 cell lines, which exhibit low levels of GPx3 expression under normal conditions. The results of EMSA and ChIP-PCR suggest that GR binds directly to GRE 6 and 7, both of which are located near the GPx3 promoter. Assessment of GPx3 transcription efficiency using a luciferase reporter system showed that blocking formation of the GR-GRE complexes reduced luciferase activity by 7-8-fold. Suppression of GR expression by siRNA transfection also induced down-regulation of GPx3. These data indicate that GPx3 expression can be regulated independently via epigenetic or GR-mediated mechanisms in lung cancer cells, and suggest that GPx3 could potentiate glucocorticoid (GC)-mediated anti-inflammatory signaling in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chull An
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Chun Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Yoo-Duk Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju 61186,
Korea
| | - Seung-won Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
- Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128,
Korea
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25
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Nagarajan S, Seddighzadeh B, Baccarelli A, Wise LA, Williams M, Shields AE. Adverse maternal exposures, methylation of glucocorticoid-related genes and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review. Epigenomics 2016; 8:925-44. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.16.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Maternal environmental exposures affect perinatal outcomes through epigenetic placental changes. We examine the literature addressing associations between adverse maternal exposures, perinatal outcomes and methylation of key genes regulating placental cortisol metabolism. Methods: We searched three databases for studies that examined NR3C1 and HSD11β1/HSD11 β 2 methylation with maternal exposures or perinatal outcomes. Nineteen studies remained after screening. We followed Cochrane's PRISMA reporting guidelines (2009). Results: NR3C1 and HSD11 β methylation were associated with adverse infant neurobehavior, stress response, blood pressure and physical development. In utero exposure to maternal stress, nutrition, preeclampsia, smoking and diabetes were associated with altered NR3C1 and HSD11 β methylation. Conclusion: NR3C1 and HSD11 β methylation are useful biomarkers of specific environmental stressors associated with important perinatal outcomes that determine pediatric and adult disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairaman Nagarajan
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bobak Seddighzadeh
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra E Shields
- Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations & Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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26
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Taylor KM, Ray DW, Sommer P. Glucocorticoid receptors in lung cancer: new perspectives. J Endocrinol 2016; 229:R17-28. [PMID: 26795718 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proper expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays an essential role in the development of the lung. GR expression and signalling in the lung is manipulated by administration of synthetic glucocorticoids (Gcs) for the treatment of neonatal, childhood and adult lung diseases. In lung cancers, Gcs are also commonly used as co-treatment during chemotherapy. This review summarises the effect of Gc monotherapy and co-therapy on lung cancers in vitro, in mouse models of lung cancer, in xenograft, ex vivo and in vivo The disparity between the effects of pre-clinical and in vivo Gc therapy is commented on in light of the recent discovery of GR as a novel tumour suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryn M Taylor
- Division of GeneticsSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - David W Ray
- Manchester Centre for Nuclear Hormone Research and DiseaseInstitute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Sommer
- Division of GeneticsSchool of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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27
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D'Uva G, Lauriola M. Towards the emerging crosstalk: ERBB family and steroid hormones. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 50:143-52. [PMID: 26582250 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors acting through receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) of ERBB family, along with steroid hormones (SH) acting through nuclear receptors (NRs), are critical signalling mediators of cellular processes. Deregulations of ERBB and steroid hormone receptors are responsible for several diseases, including cancer, thus demonstrating the central role played by both systems. This review will summarize and shed light on an emerging crosstalk between these two important receptor families. How this mutual crosstalk is attained, such as through extensive genomic and non-genomic interactions, will be addressed. In light of recent studies, we will describe how steroid hormones are able to fine-tune ERBB feedback loops, thus impacting on cellular output and providing a new key for understanding the complexity of biological processes in physiological or pathological conditions. In our understanding, the interactions between steroid hormones and RTKs deserve further attention. A system biology approach and advanced technologies for the analysis of RTK-SH crosstalk could lead to major advancements in molecular medicine, providing the basis for new routes of pharmacological intervention in several diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna 40138, Italy.
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28
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Chen H, Fan J, Shou Q, Zhang L, Ma H, Fan Y. Hypermethylation of glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter results in glucocorticoid receptor gene low expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int 2015; 35:1335-42. [PMID: 25899090 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the DNA methylation status of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene promoter and mRNA expression level of GRα gene of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Fifteen newly emerging SLE patients and fifteen healthy controls were enrolled in this study. DNA and total RNA were extracted from the PBMCs of the SLE patients and healthy controls. The DNA methylation status of GR gene promoter 1 of PBMCs was detected through bisulfite-sequencing PCR. The mRNA expression of GRα, DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3a, DNMT3b) and growth arrest, and DNA damage-induced 45α (GADD45α) of PBMCs was detected using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. The mRNA expression of GRα was significantly declined in SLE patients, and the mRNA expression of DNMT1 and GADD45α was significantly elevated in SLE patients. The global methylation status of PBMCs in SLE patients was obviously lower than healthy controls. There were 38, 25, 30, and 49 CpG islands in amplified fragment of GR promoter 1D, 1E, 1F, and 1H, respectively. The overall mean methylation status of the 152 CpG islands of the four promoters was significantly elevated in SLE patients. There was a negative correlation between hypermethylation of GR promoter and GRα mRNA expression in SLE patients. This study demonstrated that hypermethylation of GRα promoter may result in GRα gene low expression in PBMCs of patients with SLE. This study also found that the global methylation status of PBMCs in SLE patients was obviously lower than healthy controls, and it was related to the elevated GADD45α mRNA expression in SLE patients. These conclusions have to be certified by larger-scale clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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29
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Roshan-Moniri M, Hsing M, Butler MS, Cherkasov A, Rennie PS. Orphan nuclear receptors as drug targets for the treatment of prostate and breast cancers. Cancer Treat Rev 2015; 40:1137-52. [PMID: 25455729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs), a family of 48 transcriptional factors, have been studied intensively for their roles in cancer development and progression. The presence of distinctive ligand binding sites capable of interacting with small molecules has made NRs attractive targets for developing cancer therapeutics. In particular, a number of drugs have been developed over the years to target human androgen- and estrogen receptors for the treatment of prostate cancer and breast cancer. In contrast, orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs), which in many cases lack known biological functions or ligands, are still largely under investigated. This review is a summary on ONRs that have been implicated in prostate and breast cancers, specifically retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptors (RORs), liver X receptors (LXRs), chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs), estrogen related receptors (ERRs), nerve growth factor 1B-like receptors, and ‘‘dosage-sensitive sex reversal, adrenal hypoplasia critical region, on chromosome X, gene 1’’ (DAX1). Discovery and development of small molecules that can bind at various functional sites on these ONRs will help determine their biological functions. In addition, these molecules have the potential to act as prototypes for future drug development. Ultimately, the therapeutic value of targeting the ONRs may go well beyond prostate and breast cancers.
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30
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Glucocorticoid receptor regulates accurate chromosome segregation and is associated with malignancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:5479-84. [PMID: 25847991 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411356112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, which controls programs regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. We have identified an unexpected role for GR in mitosis. We discovered that specifically modified GR species accumulate at the mitotic spindle during mitosis in a distribution that overlaps with Aurora kinases. We found that Aurora A was required to mediate mitosis-driven GR phosphorylation, but not recruitment of GR to the spindle. GR was necessary for mitotic progression, with increased time to complete mitosis, frequency of mitotic aberrations, and death in mitosis observed following GR knockdown. Complementation studies revealed an essential role for the GR ligand-binding domain, but no clear requirement for ligand binding in regulating chromosome segregation. The GR N-terminal domain, and specifically phosphosites S203 and S211, were not required. Reduced GR expression results in a cell cycle phenotype, with isolated cells from mouse and human subjects showing changes in chromosome content over prolonged passage. Furthermore, GR haploinsufficient mice have an increased incidence of tumor formation, and, strikingly, these tumors are further depleted for GR, implying additional GR loss as a consequence of cell transformation. We identified reduced GR expression in a panel of human liver, lung, prostate, colon, and breast cancers. We therefore reveal an unexpected role for the GR in promoting accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis, which is causally linked to tumorigenesis, making GR an authentic tumor suppressor gene.
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31
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Singh N, Taylor K, Mjoli PB, Poolman T, Ray DW, Sommer P. The N-terminal transactivation domain of the glucocorticoid receptor mediates apoptosis of human small cell lung cancer cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Singh
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Kerryn Taylor
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Phiwokuhle B. Mjoli
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
| | - Toryn Poolman
- Centre in Endocrinology and Diabetes; Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - David W. Ray
- Centre in Endocrinology and Diabetes; Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Paula Sommer
- Division of Genetics; School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Durban South Africa
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32
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Nesset KA, Perri AM, Mueller CR. Frequent promoter hypermethylation and expression reduction of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in breast tumors. Epigenetics 2014; 9:851-9. [PMID: 24622770 DOI: 10.4161/epi.28484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have found that expression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) is altered or reduced in various cancers, while the GR promoter has been shown to be methylated in gastric, lung, and colorectal cancers. Examining a small cohort of matched normal and breast cancer samples we found that GR levels were dramatically reduced in almost all tumors in relation to their normal tissue. The methylation status of the GR promoter was assessed to determine if this observed decrease of expression in breast tumors could be due to epigenetic regulation. While it was not methylated in normal tissue, the GR proximal promoter was methylated in 15% of tumor samples, particularly, but not exclusively, in Estrogen Receptor positive tumors. GR expression in these tumors was particularly low and loss of GR expression was specifically correlated with methylation of the proximal promoter GR B region. Overall, these results show that hypermethylation of the promoter in tumors is a frequent event and suggests that GR may act as a tumor suppressor in breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten A Nesset
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University; Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Ami M Perri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University; Kingston, ON Canada
| | - Christopher R Mueller
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine; Queen's Cancer Research Institute; Queen's University; Kingston, ON Canada
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33
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Schlossmacher G, Platt E, Davies A, Meredith S, White A. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated apoptosis in small-cell lung cancer requires interaction with BCL2. Endocr Relat Cancer 2013; 20:785-95. [PMID: 24036132 DOI: 10.1530/erc-13-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumours are highly aggressive. At the time of diagnosis, patients have often developed metastases, and overall prognosis is particularly poor, making effective treatment difficult. Novel mechanisms need to be identified as treatment targets. We have previously found low levels of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in SCLC cell lines and demonstrated that over-expression of GR increases tumour cell death both in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesise that low levels of GR impair its inhibitory effect on BCL2 and thus provide a survival advantage to SCLC cell lines. The mechanism behind GR-induced apoptosis is currently unknown; therefore, pro- and anti-apoptotic genes were investigated for their role in GR-mediated apoptosis signalling. We found that over-expression of wtGR via retroviral transduction causes the DMS 79 SCLC cell line to undergo caspase-mediated apoptosis within 72 h. Neither BAD nor BCL2L11 (BIM) mRNA and protein levels were affected by GR restoration implying that GR does not trigger apoptosis in the SCLC cell lines by up-regulating these pro-apoptotic genes. The anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene was significantly overexpressed in six SCLC cell lines and the BCL2 inhibitor ABT-737 increased apoptosis in all three cell lines tested. GR interacted with BCL2 in DMS 153, DMS 79 and COR-L42 cell lines, suggesting that a protein interaction between GR and BCL2 could play a role in GR-induced apoptosis. A deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism for increasing GR expression in SCLC could provide novel treatment strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schlossmacher
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, 3.016 AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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34
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Gagné V, Rousseau J, Labuda M, Sharif-Askari B, Brukner I, Laverdière C, Ceppi F, Sallan SE, Silverman LB, Neuberg D, Kutok JL, Sinnett D, Krajinovic M. Bim polymorphisms: influence on function and response to treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5240-9. [PMID: 23908358 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Corticosteroids induce apoptosis in the malignant lymphoid cells and are critical component of combination therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Several genome-wide microarray studies showed major implication of proapoptotic Bim in mediating corticosteroid-related resistance in leukemia cells. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We investigated Bim gene polymorphisms and their association with childhood ALL outcome, and the mechanism underlying the observed finding. RESULTS Lower overall survival (OS) was associated with Bim C29201T located in Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain (P = 0.01). An association remained significant in multivariate model (P = 0.007), was more apparent in high-risk patients (P = 0.004) and patients treated with dexamethasone (P = 0.009), and was subsequently confirmed in the replication patient cohort (P = 0.03). RNA analysis revealed that C29201T affects generation of γ isoforms (γ1) that lack proapoptotic BH3 domain. The phenotypic effect was minor suggesting the influence of additional factors that may act in conjunction with Bim genotype. Combined analysis with Mcl gene polymorphism (G-486T) revealed profound reduction in OS in individuals with both risk genotypes (P < 0.0005 in discovery and P = 0.002 in replication cohort) and particularly in high-risk patients (P ≤ 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of prosurvival Mcl1 and presence of Bim isoforms lacking proapoptotic function might explain marked reduction of OS in a disease and dose-dependent manner in ALL patients carrying Bim- and Mcl1-risk genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gagné
- Authors' Affiliations: Charles Bruneau Cancer Center, Research Center CHU Sainte-Justine; Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Montreal; Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Departments of Pediatric Oncology and Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital; and Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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35
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Oka K, Kohno S, Urushitani H, Guillette LJ, Ohta Y, Iguchi T, Katsu Y. Molecular cloning and characterization of the corticoid receptors from the American alligator. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 365:153-61. [PMID: 23127802 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Steroid hormones are essential for health in vertebrates. Corticosteroids, for example, have a regulatory role in many physiological functions, such as osmoregulation, respiration, immune responses, stress responses, reproduction, growth, and metabolism. Although extensively studied in mammals and some non-mammalian species, the molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid hormone (glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids) action are poorly understood in reptiles. Here, we have evaluated hormone receptor-ligand interactions in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis), following the isolation of cDNAs encoding a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). The full-length alligator GR (aGR) and aMR cDNAs were obtained using 5' and 3' rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE). The deduced amino acid sequences exhibited high identity to the chicken orthologs (aGR: 83%; aMR: 90%). Using transient transfection assays of mammalian cells, both aGR and aMR proteins displayed corticosteroid-dependent activation of transcription from keto-steroid hormone responsive, murine mammary tumor virus promoters. We further compared the ligand-specifity of human, chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish GR and MR. We found that the alligator and chicken GR/MR have very similar amino acid sequences, and this translates to very similar ligand specificity. This is the first report of the full-coding regions of a reptilian GR and MR, and the examination of their transactivation by steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oka
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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36
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Savvidis C, Koutsilieris M. Circadian rhythm disruption in cancer biology. Mol Med 2012; 18:1249-60. [PMID: 22811066 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms show universally a 24-h oscillation pattern in metabolic, physiological and behavioral functions of almost all species. This pattern is due to a fundamental adaptation to the rotation of Earth around its own axis. Molecular mechanisms of generation of circadian rhythms organize a biochemical network in suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues, building cell autonomous clock pacemakers. Rhythmicity is observed in transcriptional expression of a wide range of clock-controlled genes that regulate a variety of normal cell functions, such as cell division and proliferation. Desynchrony of this rhythmicity seems to be implicated in several pathologic conditions, including tumorigenesis and progression of cancer. In 2007, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized "shiftwork that involves circadian disruption [as] probably carcinogenic to humans" (Group 2A in the IARC classification system of carcinogenic potency of an agentagent) (Painting, Firefighting, and Shiftwork; IARC; 2007). This review discusses the potential relation between disruptions of normal circadian rhythms with genetic driving machinery of cancer. Elucidation of the role of clockwork disruption, such as exposure to light at night and sleep disruption, in cancer biology could be important in developing new targeted anticancer therapies, optimizing individualized chronotherapy and modifying lighting environment in workplaces or homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Savvidis
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hippocration General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
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37
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Witzmann SR, Turner JD, Mériaux SB, Meijer OC, Muller CP. Epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor promoter 1(7) in adult rats. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1290-301. [PMID: 23023726 DOI: 10.4161/epi.22363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) levels is an important stress adaptation mechanism. Transcription factor Nfgi-a and environmentally induced Gr promoter 1 7 methylation have been implicated in fine-tuning the expression of Gr 1 7 transcripts. Here, we investigated Gr promoter 1 7 methylation and Gr 1 7 expression in adult rats exposed to either acute or chronic stress paradigms. A strong negative correlation was observed between the sum of promoter-wide methylation levels and Gr 1 7 transcript levels, independent of the stressor. Methylation of individual sites did not, however, correlate with transcript levels. This suggested that promoter 1 7 was directly regulated by promoter-wide DNA methylation. Although acute stress increased Ngfi-a expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), Gr 1 7 transcript levels remained unaffected despite low methylation levels. Acute stress had little effect on these low methylation levels, except at four hippocampal CpGs. Chronic stress altered the corticosterone response to an acute stressor. In the adrenal and pituitary glands, but not in the brain, this was accompanied by an increase in methylation levels in orchestrated clusters rather than individual CpGs. PVN methylation levels, unaffected by acute or chronic stress, were significantly more variable within- than between-groups, suggesting that they were instated probably during the perinatal period and represent a pre-established trait. Thus, in addition to the known perinatal programming, the Gr 1 7 promoter is epigenetically regulated by chronic stress in adulthood, and retains promoter-wide tissue-specific plasticity. Differences in methylation susceptibility between the PVN in the perinatal period and the peripheral HPA axis tissues in adulthood may represent an important "trait" vs. "state" regulation of the Gr gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone R Witzmann
- Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Santé and National Public Health Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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