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Ware IM, Fitzpatrick CR, Senthilnathan A, Bayliss SLJ, Beals KK, Mueller LO, Summers JL, Wooliver RC, Van Nuland ME, Kinnison MT, Palkovacs EP, Schweitzer JA, Bailey JK. Feedbacks link ecosystem ecology and evolution across spatial and temporal scales: Empirical evidence and future directions. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M. Ware
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | | | | | - Shannon L. J. Bayliss
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Kendall K. Beals
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Liam O. Mueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Jennifer L. Summers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Rachel C. Wooliver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | | | | | - Eric P. Palkovacs
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz California
| | - Jennifer A. Schweitzer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
| | - Joseph K. Bailey
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee Knoxville Tennessee
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Sullam KE, Matthews B, Aebischer T, Seehausen O, Bürgmann H. The effect of top-predator presence and phenotype on aquatic microbial communities. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1572-1582. [PMID: 28261466 PMCID: PMC5330871 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of predators can impact a variety of organisms within the ecosystem, including microorganisms. Because the effects of fish predators and their phenotypic differences on microbial communities have not received much attention, we tested how the presence/absence, genotype, and plasticity of the predatory three‐spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) influence aquatic microbes in outdoor mesocosms. We reared lake and stream stickleback genotypes on contrasting food resources to adulthood, and then added them to aquatic mesocosm ecosystems to assess their impact on the planktonic bacterial community. We also investigated whether the effects of fish persisted following the removal of adults, and the subsequent addition of a homogenous juvenile fish population. The presence of adult stickleback increased the number of bacterial OTUs and altered the size structure of the microbial community, whereas their phenotype affected bacterial community composition. Some of these effects were detectable after adult fish were removed from the mesocosms, and after juvenile fish were placed in the tanks, most of these effects disappeared. Our results suggest that fish can have strong short‐term effects on microbial communities that are partially mediated by phenotypic variation of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Sullam
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Eawag Aquatic Ecology Department Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland
| | - Thierry Aebischer
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland; Department of Biology University of Fribourg Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Ole Seehausen
- Eawag Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Kastanienbaum Switzerland; Aquatic Ecology and Evolution Institute of Ecology & Evolution University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Helmut Bürgmann
- Department of Surface Waters-Research and Management Center for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Kastanienbaum Switzerland
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Russo E, Franke K, Hager H, Espinasse B, Stibor H, Schultes S. Modifying the functional diversity in the zooplankton assemblage of an oligotrophic lake differentially affects pelagic community structure and biomass. FOOD WEBS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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DNA Barcoding of Metazoan Zooplankton Copepods from South Korea. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157307. [PMID: 27383475 PMCID: PMC4934703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Copepods, small aquatic crustaceans, are the most abundant metazoan zooplankton and outnumber every other group of multicellular animals on earth. In spite of ecological and biological importance in aquatic environment, their morphological plasticity, originated from their various lifestyles and their incomparable capacity to adapt to a variety of environments, has made the identification of species challenging, even for expert taxonomists. Molecular approaches to species identification have allowed rapid detection, discrimination, and identification of cryptic or sibling species based on DNA sequence data. We examined sequence variation of a partial mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene (COI) from 133 copepod individuals collected from the Korean Peninsula, in order to identify and discriminate 94 copepod species covering six copepod orders of Calanoida, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida, Monstrilloida, Poecilostomatoida and Siphonostomatoida. The results showed that there exists a clear gap with ca. 20 fold difference between the averages of within-specific sequence divergence (2.42%) and that of between-specific sequence divergence (42.79%) in COI, suggesting the plausible utility of this gene in delimitating copepod species. The results showed, with the COI barcoding data among 94 copepod species, that a copepod species could be distinguished from the others very clearly, only with four exceptions as followings: Mesocyclops dissimilis–Mesocyclops pehpeiensis (0.26% K2P distance in percent) and Oithona davisae–Oithona similis (1.1%) in Cyclopoida, Ostrincola japonica–Pseudomyicola spinosus (1.5%) in Poecilostomatoida, and Hatschekia japonica–Caligus quadratus (5.2%) in Siphonostomatoida. Thus, it strongly indicated that COI may be a useful tool in identifying various copepod species and make an initial progress toward the construction of a comprehensive DNA barcode database for copepods inhabiting the Korean Peninsula.
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Jackson MC, Grey J, Miller K, Britton JR, Donohue I. Dietary niche constriction when invaders meet natives: evidence from freshwater decapods. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1098-107. [PMID: 27084460 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species are a key driver of global environmental change, with frequently strong negative consequences for native biodiversity and ecosystem processes. Understanding competitive interactions between invaders and functionally similar native species provides an important benchmark for predicting the consequences of invasion. However, even though having a broad dietary niche is widely considered a key factor determining invasion success, little is known about the effects of competition with functionally similar native competitors on the dietary niche breadths of invasive species. We used a combination of field experiments and field surveys to examine the impacts of competition with a functionally similar native crab species on the population densities, growth rates and diet of the globally widespread invasive red swamp crayfish in an African river ecosystem. The presence of native crabs triggered significant dietary niche constriction within the invasive crayfish population. Further, growth rates of both species were reduced significantly, and by a similar extent, in the presence of one another. In spite of this, crayfish maintained positive growth rates in the presence of crabs, whereas crabs lost mass in the presence of crayfish. Consequently, over the 3-year duration of the study, crab abundance declined at those sites invaded by the crayfish, becoming locally extinct at one. The invasive crayfish had a dramatic effect on ecosystem structure and functioning, halving benthic invertebrate densities and increasing decomposition rates fourfold compared to the crabs. This indicates that replacement of native crabs by invasive crayfish likely alters the structure and functioning of African river ecosystems significantly. This study provides a novel example of the constriction of the dietary niche of a successful invasive population in the presence of competition from a functionally similar native species. This finding highlights the importance of considering both environmental and ecological contexts in order to predict and manage the impacts of invasive species on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Jackson
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.,Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Grey
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.,Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Katie Miller
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - J Robert Britton
- Centre for Conservation Ecology and Environmental Change, Christchurch House C238b, Talbot Campus, Bournemouth University, Fern Barrow, Poole, BH12 5BB, UK
| | - Ian Donohue
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Kinnison MT, Hairston NG, Hendry AP. Cryptic eco-evolutionary dynamics. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1360:120-44. [PMID: 26619300 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural systems harbor complex interactions that are fundamental parts of ecology and evolution. These interactions challenge our inclinations and training to seek the simplest explanations of patterns in nature. Not least is the likelihood that some complex processes might be missed when their patterns look similar to predictions for simpler mechanisms. Along these lines, theory and empirical evidence increasingly suggest that environmental, ecological, phenotypic, and genetic processes can be tightly intertwined, resulting in complex and sometimes surprising eco-evolutionary dynamics. The goal of this review is to temper inclinations to unquestioningly seek the simplest explanations in ecology and evolution, by recognizing that some eco-evolutionary outcomes may appear very similar to purely ecological, purely evolutionary, or even null expectations, and thus be cryptic. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence for observational biases and mechanisms that might operate among the various links in eco-evolutionary feedbacks to produce cryptic patterns. Recognition that cryptic dynamics can be associated with outcomes like stability, resilience, recovery, or coexistence in a dynamically changing world provides added impetus for finding ways to study them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nelson G Hairston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Andrew P Hendry
- Redpath Museum and Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Anufriieva EV, Shadrin NV. Morphometric variability of Arctodiaptomus salinus (Copepoda) in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2015; 36:328-36. [PMID: 26646569 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2015.5.328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Inter-species variability in morphological traits creates a need to know the range of variability of characteristics in the species for taxonomic and ecological tasks. Copepoda Arctodiaptomus salinus, which inhabits water bodies across Eurasia and North Africa, plays a dominant role in plankton of different water bodies-from fresh to hypersaline. This work assesses the intra- and inter-population morphometric variability of A. salinus in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region and discusses some observed regularities. The variability of linear body parameters and proportions was studied. The impacts of salinity, temperature, and population density on morphological characteristics and their variability can manifest themselves in different ways at the intra- and inter-population levels. A significant effect of salinity, pH and temperature on the body proportions was not found. Their intra-population variability is dependent on temperature and salinity. Sexual dimorphism of A. salinus manifests in different linear parameters, proportions, and their variability. There were no effects of temperature, pH and salinity on the female/male parameter ratio. There were significant differences in the body proportions of males and females in different populations. The influence of temperature, salinity, and population density can be attributed to 80%-90% of intra-population variability of A. salinus. However, these factors can explain less than 40% of inter-population differences. Significant differences in the body proportions of males and females from different populations may suggest that some local populations of A. salinus in the Mediterranean-Black Sea region are in the initial stages of differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Anufriieva
- The AO Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol 299011, Russia.
| | - Nickolai V Shadrin
- The AO Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Sevastopol 299011, Russia
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8
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Lundsgaard-Hansen B, Matthews B, Seehausen O. Ecological speciation and phenotypic plasticity affect ecosystems. Ecology 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-2338.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matthews B, De Meester L, Jones CG, Ibelings BW, Bouma TJ, Nuutinen V, de Koppel JV, Odling-Smee J. Under niche construction: an operational bridge between ecology, evolution, and ecosystem science. ECOL MONOGR 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0953.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hausch S, Shurin JB, Matthews B. Variation in Body Shape across Species and Populations in a Radiation of Diaptomid Copepods. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68272. [PMID: 23826384 PMCID: PMC3694880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter and intra-population variation in morphological traits, such as body size and shape, provides important insights into the ecological importance of individual natural populations. The radiation of Diaptomid species (~400 species) has apparently produced little morphological differentiation other than those in secondary sexual characteristics, suggesting sexual, rather than ecological, selection has driven speciation. This evolutionary history suggests that species, and conspecific populations, would be ecologically redundant but recent work found contrasting ecosystem effects among both species and populations. This study provides the first quantification of shape variation among species, populations, and/or sexes (beyond taxonomic illustrations and body size measurements) to gain insight into the ecological differentiation of Diaptomids. Here we quantify the shape of five Diaptomid species (family Diaptomidae) from four populations each, using morphometric landmarks on the prosome, urosome, and antennae. We partition morphological variation among species, populations, and sexes, and test for phenotype-by-environment correlations to reveal possible functional consequences of shape variation. We found that intraspecific variation was 18-35% as large as interspecific variation across all measured traits. Interspecific variation in body size and relative antennae length, the two traits showing significant sexual dimorphism, were correlated with lake size and geographic location suggesting some niche differentiation between species. Observed relationships between intraspecific morphological variation and the environment suggest that divergent selection in contrasting lakes might contribute to shape differences among local populations, but confirming this requires further analyses. Our results show that although Diaptomid species differ in their reproductive traits, they also differ in other morphological traits that might indicate ecological differences among species and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Hausch
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jonathan B. Shurin
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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