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Schultes FPJ, Welter L, Hufnagel D, Heghmanns M, Kasanmascheff M, Mügge C. An Active and Versatile Electron Transport System for Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases from the Alkane Degrading Organism Acinetobacter sp. OC4. Chembiochem 2024:e202400098. [PMID: 38787654 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are valuable biocatalysts for the oxyfunctionalization of non-activated carbon-hydrogen bonds. Most CYPs rely on electron transport proteins as redox partners. In this study, the ferredoxin reductase (FdR) and ferredoxin (FD) for a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase from Acinetobacter sp. OC4 are investigated. Upon heterologous production of both proteins independently in Escherichia coli, spectral analysis showed their reduction capability towards reporter electron acceptors, e. g., cytochrome c. The individual proteins' specific activity towards cytochrome c reduction was 25 U mg-1. Furthermore, the possibility to enhance electron transfer by artificial fusion of the units was elucidated. FdR and FD were linked by helical linkers [EAAAK]n, flexible glycine linkers [GGGGS]n or rigid proline linkers [EPPPP]n of n=1-4 sequence repetitions. The system with a glycine linker (n=4) reached an appreciable specific activity of 19 U mg-1 towards cytochrome c. Moreover, their ability to drive different members of the CYP153A subfamily is demonstrated. By creating artificial self-sufficient P450s with FdR, FD, and a panel of four CYP153A representatives, effective hydroxylation of n-hexane in a whole-cell system was achieved. The results indicate this protein combination to constitute a functional and versatile surrogate electron transport system for this subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Peter Josef Schultes
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leon Welter
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Doreen Hufnagel
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie Heghmanns
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Müge Kasanmascheff
- Technical University Dortmund, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Mügge
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Microbial Biotechnology, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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Sasoni N, Hartman MD, García-Effron G, Guerrero SA, Iglesias AA, Arias DG. Functional characterization of monothiol and dithiol glutaredoxins from Leptospira interrogans. Biochimie 2022; 197:144-159. [PMID: 35217125 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thiol redox proteins and low molecular mass thiols have essential functions in maintaining cellular redox balance in almost all living organisms. In the pathogenic bacterium Leptospira interrogans, several redox components have been described, namely, typical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, a functional thioredoxin system, glutathione synthesis pathway, and methionine sulfoxide reductases. However, until now, information about proteins linked to GSH metabolism has not been reported in this pathogen. Glutaredoxins (Grxs) are GSH-dependent oxidoreductases that regulate and maintain the cellular redox state together with thioredoxins. This work deals with recombinant production at a high purity level, biochemical characterization, and detailed kinetic and structural study of the two Grxs (Lin1CGrx and Lin2CGrx) identified in L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130. Both recombinant LinGrxs exhibited the classical in vitro GSH-dependent 2-hydroxyethyl disulfide and dehydroascorbate reductase activity. Strikingly, we found that Lin2CGrx could serve as a substrate of methionine sulfoxide reductases A1 and B from L. interrogans. Distinctively, only recombinant Lin1CGrx contained a [2Fe2S] cluster confirming a homodimeric structure. The functionality of both LinGrxs was assessed by yeast complementation in null grx mutants, and both isoforms were able to rescue the mutant phenotype. Finally, our data suggest that protein glutathionylation as a post-translational modification process is present in L. interrogans. As a whole, our results support the occurrence of two new redox actors linked to GSH metabolism and iron homeostasis in L. interrogans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sasoni
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Matías D Hartman
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Guillermo García-Effron
- Laboratorio de Micología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sergio A Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Parasitología y Micología, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Alberto A Iglesias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Diego G Arias
- Laboratorio de Enzimología Molecular, Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Bioquímica Básica de Macromoléculas. Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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3
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A mitochondrial ADXR-ADX-P450 electron transport chain is essential for maternal gametophytic control of embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2000482119. [PMID: 35046016 PMCID: PMC8794853 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000482119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial adrenodoxins (ADXs) are small iron–sulfur proteins that function as mobile shuttles transferring electrons. Their function has been largely known in animals, as they transfer electrons between an adrenodoxin reductase (ADXR) and mitochondrial P450s, which is a crucial step that leads to steroidogenesis. Here we show that a functional mitochondrial ADX–ADXR–P450 pathway is essential for steroid biosynthesis and that its function is required for plant sexual reproduction. Mitochondrial adrenodoxins (ADXs) are small iron–sulfur proteins with electron transfer properties. In animals, ADXs transfer electrons between an adrenodoxin reductase (ADXR) and mitochondrial P450s, which is crucial for steroidogenesis. Here we show that a plant mitochondrial steroidogenic pathway, dependent on an ADXR–ADX–P450 shuttle, is essential for female gametogenesis and early embryogenesis through a maternal effect. The steroid profile of maternal and gametophytic tissues of wild-type (WT) and adxr ovules revealed that homocastasterone is the main steroid present in WT gametophytes and that its levels are reduced in the mutant ovules. The application of exogenous homocastasterone partially rescued adxr and P450 mutant phenotypes, indicating that gametophytic homocastasterone biosynthesis is affected in the mutants and that a deficiency of this hormone causes the phenotypic alterations observed. These findings also suggest not only a remarkable similarity between steroid biosynthetic pathways in plants and animals but also a common function during sexual reproduction.
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Monchietti P, López Rivero AS, Ceccarelli EA, Catalano‐Dupuy DL. A new catalytic mechanism of bacterial ferredoxin-NADP + reductases due to a particular NADP + binding mode. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2106-2120. [PMID: 34382711 PMCID: PMC8442965 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNRs) are ubiquitous flavoenzymes involved in redox metabolisms. FNRs catalyze the reversible electron transfer between NADP(H) and ferredoxin or flavodoxin. They are classified as plant- and mitochondrial-type FNR. Plant-type FNRs are divided into plastidic and bacterial classes. The plastidic FNRs show turnover numbers between 20 and 100 times higher than bacterial enzymes and these differences have been related to their physiological functions. We demonstrated that purified Escherichia coli FPR (EcFPR) contains tightly bound NADP+ , which does not occur in plastidic type FNRs. The three-dimensional structure of EcFPR evidenced that NADP+ interacts with three arginines (R144, R174, and R184) which could generate a very high affinity and structured site. These arginines are conserved in other bacterial FNRs but not in the plastidic enzymes. We have cross-substituted EcFPR arginines with residues present in analogous positions in the Pisum sativum FNR (PsFNR) and replaced these amino acids by arginines in PsFNR. We analyzed all proteins by structural, kinetic, and stability studies. We found that EcFPR mutants do not contain bound NADP+ and showed increased Km for this nucleotide. The EcFPR activity was inhibited by NADP+ but this behavior disappeared as arginines were removed. A NADP+ analog of the nicotinamide portion produced an activating effect on EcFPR and promoted the NADP+ release. Our results give evidence for a new model of NADP+ binding and catalysis in bacterial FNRs.We propose that this tight NADP+ binding constitutes an essential catalytic and regulatory mechanism of bacterial FNRs involved in redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Monchietti
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosarioArgentina
| | - Arleth S. López Rivero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosarioArgentina
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Gestión Ecológica y Agroindustrial, Universidad Libre SecBarranquillaColombia
| | - Eduardo A. Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosarioArgentina
| | - Daniela L. Catalano‐Dupuy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR)CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y EsmeraldaRosarioArgentina
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5
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Llanos Salinas SP, Castillo Sánchez LO, Castañeda Miranda G, Rodríguez Reyes EA, Ordoñez López L, Mena Bañuelos R, Alcaraz Sosa LE, Núñez Carrera MG, José Manuel RO, Carmona Gasca CA, Matsunaga J, Haake DA, Candanosa Aranda IE, de la Peña-Moctezuma A. GspD, The Type II Secretion System Secretin of Leptospira, Protects Hamsters against Lethal Infection with a Virulent L. interrogans Isolate. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040759. [PMID: 33327369 PMCID: PMC7768463 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide variety of pathogenic Leptospira serovars and the weak protection offered by the available vaccines encourage the search for protective immunogens against leptospirosis. We found that the secretin GspD of the type II secretion system (T2S) of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola was highly conserved amongst pathogenic serovars and was expressed in vivo during infection, as shown by immunohistochemistry. Convalescent sera of hamsters, dogs, and cows showed the presence of IgG antibodies, recognizing a recombinant version of this protein expressed in Escherichia coli (rGspDLC) in Western blot assays. In a pilot vaccination study, a group of eight hamsters was immunized on days zero and 14 with 50 µg of rGspDLC mixed with Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA). On day 28 of the study, 1,000 LD50 (Lethal Dose 50%) of a virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola (LOCaS46) were inoculated by an intraoral submucosal route (IOSM). Seventy-five percent protection against disease (p = 0.017573, Fisher’s exact test) and 50% protection against infection were observed in this group of vaccinated hamsters. In contrast, 85% of non-vaccinated hamsters died six to nine days after the challenge. These results suggest the potential usefulness of the T2S secretin GspD of Leptospira as a protective recombinant vaccine against leptospirosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Paulina Llanos Salinas
- Teaching, Research and Extension Center for Animal Production in High Plateau, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Queretaro 76795, Mexico; (S.P.L.S.); (G.C.M.); (I.E.C.A.)
| | - Luz Olivia Castillo Sánchez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63155, Mexico; (L.O.C.S.); (C.A.C.G.)
| | - Giselle Castañeda Miranda
- Teaching, Research and Extension Center for Animal Production in High Plateau, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Queretaro 76795, Mexico; (S.P.L.S.); (G.C.M.); (I.E.C.A.)
| | | | - Liliana Ordoñez López
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico; (L.O.L.); (R.M.B.); (R.O.J.M.)
| | - Rodrigo Mena Bañuelos
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico; (L.O.L.); (R.M.B.); (R.O.J.M.)
| | - Luz Elena Alcaraz Sosa
- Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Tlalpan 14387, Mexico;
| | - María Guadalupe Núñez Carrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Centro Histórico 72000, Mexico;
| | - Ramírez Ortega José Manuel
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico; (L.O.L.); (R.M.B.); (R.O.J.M.)
| | - Carlos Alfredo Carmona Gasca
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic 63155, Mexico; (L.O.C.S.); (C.A.C.G.)
| | - James Matsunaga
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; (J.M.); (D.A.H.)
| | - David A. Haake
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; (J.M.); (D.A.H.)
| | - Irma Eugenia Candanosa Aranda
- Teaching, Research and Extension Center for Animal Production in High Plateau, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Queretaro 76795, Mexico; (S.P.L.S.); (G.C.M.); (I.E.C.A.)
| | - Alejandro de la Peña-Moctezuma
- Teaching, Research and Extension Center for Animal Production in High Plateau, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Queretaro 76795, Mexico; (S.P.L.S.); (G.C.M.); (I.E.C.A.)
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán 04510, Mexico; (L.O.L.); (R.M.B.); (R.O.J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+52-414-291-8100
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López Rivero AS, Rossi MA, Ceccarelli EA, Catalano-Dupuy DL. A bacterial 2[4Fe4S] ferredoxin as redox partner of the plastidic-type ferredoxin-NADP + reductase from Leptospira interrogans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:651-660. [PMID: 30639162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferredoxins are small iron-sulfur proteins that participate as electron donors in various metabolic pathways. They are recognized substrates of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (FNR) in redox metabolisms in mitochondria, plastids, and bacteria. We previously found a plastidic-type FNR in Leptospira interrogans (LepFNR), a parasitic bacterium of animals and humans. Nevertheless, we did not identify plant-type ferredoxins or flavodoxins, the common partners of this kind of FNR. METHODS Sequence alignment, phylogenetical analyses and structural modeling were performed for the identification of a 2[4Fe4S] ferredoxin (LepFd2) as a putative redox partner of LepFNR in L. interrogans. The gene encoding LepFd2 was cloned and the protein overexpressed and purified. The functional properties of LepFd2 and LepFNR-LepFd2 complex were analyzed by kinetic and mutagenesis studies. RESULTS We succeeded in expressing and purifying LepFd2 with its FeS cluster properly bound. We found that LepFd2 exchanges electrons with LepFNR. Moreover, a unique structural subdomain of LepFNR (loop P75-Y91), was shown to be involved in the recognition and binding of LepFd2. This structural subdomain is not found in other FNR homologs. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time a redox pair in L. interrogans in which a plastidic FNR exchanges electron with a bacterial 2[4Fe4S] ferredoxin. We characterized this reaction and proposed a model for the productive LepFNR-LepFd2 complex. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that the interaction of LepFNR with the iron-sulfur protein would be different from the one previously described for the homolog enzymes. This knowledge would be useful for the design of specific LepFNR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arleth S López Rivero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ma Agustina Rossi
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Eduardo A Ceccarelli
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Daniela L Catalano-Dupuy
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000 Rosario, Argentina.
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7
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Mulo P, Medina M. Interaction and electron transfer between ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase and its partners: structural, functional, and physiological implications. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:265-280. [PMID: 28361449 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) catalyzes the last step of linear electron transfer in photosynthetic light reactions. The FAD cofactor of FNR accepts two electrons from two independent reduced ferredoxin molecules (Fd) in two sequential steps, first producing neutral semiquinone and then the fully anionic reduced, or hydroquinone, form of the enzyme (FNRhq). FNRhq transfers then both electrons in a single hydride transfer step to NADP+. We are presenting the recent progress in studies focusing on Fd:FNR interaction and subsequent electron transfer processes as well as on interaction of FNR with NADP+/H followed by hydride transfer, both from the structural and functional point of views. We also present the current knowledge about the physiological role(s) of various FNR isoforms present in the chloroplasts of higher plants and the functional impact of subchloroplastic location of FNR. Moreover, open questions and current challenges about the structure, function, and physiology of FNR are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mulo
- Molecular Plant Biology, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Milagros Medina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Institute of Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (Joint Units: BIFI-IQFR and GBsC-CSIC), University of Zaragoza, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
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Shinohara F, Kurisu G, Hanke G, Bowsher C, Hase T, Kimata-Ariga Y. Structural basis for the isotype-specific interactions of ferredoxin and ferredoxin: NADP + oxidoreductase: an evolutionary switch between photosynthetic and heterotrophic assimilation. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:281-289. [PMID: 28093652 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-016-0331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) are each present as distinct isoproteins of photosynthetic type (leaf type) and non-photosynthetic type (root type). Root-type Fd and FNR are considered to facilitate the electron transfer from NADPH to Fd in the direction opposite to that occurring in the photosynthetic processes. We previously reported the crystal structure of the electron transfer complex between maize leaf FNR and Fd (leaf FNR:Fd complex), providing insights into the molecular interactions of the two proteins. Here we show the 2.49 Å crystal structure of the maize root FNR:Fd complex, which reveals that the orientation of FNR and Fd remarkably varies from that of the leaf FNR:Fd complex, giving a structural basis for reversing the redox path. Root FNR was previously shown to interact preferentially with root Fd over leaf Fd, while leaf FNR retains similar affinity for these two types of Fds. The structural basis for such differential interaction was investigated using site-directed mutagenesis of the isotype-specific amino acid residues on the interface of Fd and FNR, based on the crystal structures of the FNR:Fd complexes from maize leaves and roots. Kinetic and physical binding analyses of the resulting mutants lead to the conclusion that the rearrangement of the charged amino acid residues on the Fd-binding surface of FNR confers isotype-specific interaction with Fd, which brings about the evolutional switch between photosynthetic and heterotrophic redox cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Shinohara
- Division of Enzymology and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Genji Kurisu
- Protein Crystallography, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Guy Hanke
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 3NU, UK
| | - Caroline Bowsher
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Toshiharu Hase
- Division of Enzymology and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoko Kimata-Ariga
- Division of Enzymology and Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
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9
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Pierella Karlusich JJ, Carrillo N. Evolution of the acceptor side of photosystem I: ferredoxin, flavodoxin, and ferredoxin-NADP + oxidoreductase. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:235-250. [PMID: 28150152 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of oxygenic photosynthesis by primordial cyanobacteria ~2.7 billion years ago led to major changes in the components and organization of photosynthetic electron transport to cope with the challenges of an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. We review herein, following the seminal contributions as reported by Jaganathan et al. (Functional genomics and evolution of photosynthetic systems, vol 33, advances in photosynthesis and respiration, Springer, Dordrecht, 2012), how these changes affected carriers and enzymes at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI): the electron shuttle ferredoxin (Fd), its isofunctional counterpart flavodoxin (Fld), their redox partner ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR), and the primary PSI acceptors F x and F A/F B. Protection of the [4Fe-4S] centers of these proteins from oxidative damage was achieved by strengthening binding between the F A/F B polypeptide and the reaction center core containing F x, therefore impairing O2 access to the clusters. Immobilization of F A/F B in the PSI complex led in turn to the recruitment of new soluble electron shuttles. This function was fulfilled by oxygen-insensitive [2Fe-2S] Fd, in which the reactive sulfide atoms of the cluster are shielded from solvent by the polypeptide backbone, and in some algae and cyanobacteria by Fld, which employs a flavin as prosthetic group and is tolerant to oxidants and iron limitation. Tight membrane binding of FNR allowed solid-state electron transfer from PSI bridged by Fd/Fld. Fine tuning of FNR catalytic mechanism led to formidable increases in turnover rates compared with FNRs acting in heterotrophic pathways, favoring Fd/Fld reduction instead of oxygen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Pierella Karlusich
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-UNR/CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Ocampo y Esmeralda, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Collu G, Farci D, Esposito F, Pintus F, Kirkpatrick J, Piano D. New insights into the operative network of FaEO, an enone oxidoreductase from Fragaria x ananassa Duch. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:125-136. [PMID: 28283921 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 2-methylene-furan-3-one reductase or Fragaria x ananassa Enone Oxidoreductase (FaEO) catalyses the last reductive step in the biosynthesis of 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, a major component in the characteristic flavour of strawberries. In the present work, we describe the association between FaEO and the vacuolar membrane of strawberry fruits. Even if FaEO lacks epitopes for stable or transient membrane-interactions, it contains a calmodulin-binding region, suggesting that in vivo FaEO may be associated with the membrane via a peripheral protein complex with calmodulin. Moreover, we also found that FaEO occurs in dimeric form in vivo and, as frequently observed for calmodulin-regulated proteins, it may be expressed in different isoforms by alternative gene splicing. Further mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the isolated FaEO consists in the already known isoform and that it is the most characteristic during ripening. Finally, a characterization by absorption spectroscopy showed that FaEO has specific flavoprotein features. The relevance of these findings and their possible physiological implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Collu
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Domenica Farci
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sensory Systems, Center of Advanced European Studies and Research (caesar), Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, 52175, Bonn, Germany
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Francesca Pintus
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Beutebergstraβe 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Dario Piano
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Photobiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, V.le S. Ignazio da Laconi 13, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.
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Heme-iron utilization by Leptospira interrogans requires a heme oxygenase and a plastidic-type ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3208-17. [PMID: 25092651 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhang J, Lu X, Li JJ. Conversion of fatty aldehydes into alk (a/e)nes by in vitro reconstituted cyanobacterial aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase with the cognate electron transfer system. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:86. [PMID: 23759169 PMCID: PMC3691600 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosynthesis of fatty alk(a/e)ne in cyanobacteria has been considered as a potential basis for the sunlight-driven and carbon-neutral bioprocess producing advanced solar biofuels. Aldehyde-deformylating oxygenase (ADO) is a key enzyme involved in that pathway. The heterologous or chemical reducing systems were generally used in in vitro ADO activity assay. The cognate electron transfer system from cyanobacteria to support ADO activity is still unknown. RESULTS We identified the potential endogenous reducing system including ferredoxin (Fd) and ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) to support ADO activity in Synechococcus elongatus PCC7942. ADO (Synpcc7942_1593), FNR (SynPcc7942_0978), and Fd (SynPcc7942_1499) from PCC7942 were cloned, overexpressed, purified, and characterized. ADO activity was successfully supported with the endogenous electron transfer system, which worked more effectively than the heterologous and chemical ones. The results of the hybrid Fd/FNR reducing systems demonstrated that ADO was selective against Fd. And it was observed that the cognate reducing system produced less H2O2 than the heterologous one by 33% during ADO-catalyzed reactions. Importantly, kcat value of ADO 1593 using the homologous Fd/FNR electron transfer system is 3.7-fold higher than the chemical one. CONCLUSIONS The cognate electron transfer system from cyanobacteria to support ADO activity was identified and characterized. For the first time, ADO was functionally in vitro reconstituted with the endogenous reducing system from cyanobacteria, which supported greater activity than the surrogate and chemical ones, and produced less H2O2 than the heterologous one. The identified Fd/FNR electron transfer system will be potentially useful for improving ADO activity and further enhancing the biosynthetic efficiency of hydrocarbon biofuels in cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, China
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